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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解题做题技巧+专题训练2
1.推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系做出合理的推理。
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。在做题时需要先找到这些细节再做出合理的推断。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。从措辞上我们可以判断出作者对所讨论话题的态度。例题：
①细节
1) We can infer/conclude/learn from the passage that ______.
2) The passage/author/paragraph implies/suggests ______.
②态度推理
1) What’s the author’s/expert's attitude towards…
a) 正：positive ,supportive,agree ,optimistic…
b) 负：negative,disagree,critical,skeptical,doubtful…
c) 中立：neutral,objective,uncertain…
2) How did the writer feel about…
happy, sad, angry
③出处推理
The passage is mostly likely to be taken from ______.
步骤：
找信息点：陈述的事实如背景及人物的表情，动作，语言，态度，意图
排除法：
正确选项为：得意忘形——源于原文，高于原文
错误选项：
1）原词干扰：只见原文复述，不见推断结论。
无对应句：根据常识判断是正确的，但文章没有提及
含极端词：常为干扰项的极端词： only ,most,never.
【细节推理】
( ) 1. Some supermarkets are encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate ( 联系 ) packaging with quality ( 质量 ). This is especially true of food. But many other products often have far more packaging ( 包装 ) than necessary. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
What can be inferred from this Paragraph
A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
【态度推理】
( ) 2. What would you do if you were invisible ( 隐形的 ) Do you think this can be true With recent talks of making invisibility a reality, this fun question could actually become a real problem for people and their governments to consider. “Is it science fiction Well, it's a theory and that already is not science fiction,” said Professor John Pendry. “It's possible in theory to create an invisibility cloak ( 斗 篷 ), similar to the one that Harry Potter received from his father, but we should face the challenge, that is our engineering ability. Though the idea sounds great, it could be a bad thing if it is used in wars.
What is the author's attitude toward invisibility's becoming a reality
A. Agree. B. Disagree. C. A little worried.
【出处推理】
( ) 3. You think a computer is the best thing in the world, right You think it works at a super speed and can do everything Well, it's not! In fact, the brain is much more powerful than any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table. Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling. First your eyes check out what's going on, then tell your brain. and your brain decides how quickly you need to react ( 反应 ), and then your muscles ( 肌肉 ) go into action. That is just from your brain. No computer could ever come close to that!
In which magazine can the passage most probably be found
A. Business Weekly B. Medicine C. Science
2.主旨大意题
考查学生对短文主题思想成全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的者题目,叫主旨大意题。
(1)主旨大意题目常见的设问方式
1.What’s the main idea of this passage
2. What does the passage mainly discuss
3. The writer means to tell us that...
4. The main idea/ point of the passage is that....
5. The passage is mainly about...
6. From the passage we can learn/ conclude that...
7. What's the best title for the passage
(2)主题句
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句( Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题;②阐述控制概念,控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%-90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后立论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句
（3）解题方法：
1）概读法
从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。
2）排除法：
正确项：围绕中心 无细节 观点态度与原文一致
干扰项：以偏概全 主题扩大 无中生有 张冠李戴
课堂练习
(雅礼集团2019-2020-2初三英语第二次模拟B篇)
Do you have a pet dog If your dog touches you with its nose, you might be surprised to find how wet and cold it is. If dogs are so warm, then why are their noses so cold In the past, people thought that dogs had cold noses to help them control their body temperature. To find out the real reason, Scientific Reports has done a study and got some interesting findings about dogs’ noses.
The study found that when the air temperature was 30℃, a dog’s nose was about five degrees cooler than the air .But why is this
The researchers believed that a dog’s nose had a specific sensory function(探测功能). So they did an experiment( 实验 )to test it. The study showed that dogs could sense weak heat sources(来源)with their noses from1.5m away.
Firstly, the research team studied three dogs named Charlie, Delfi and Kevin. In the experiment, the dogs had to tell the difference between two objects that were heated to different temperatures. Amazingly, all three dogs were able to sense and tell the temperature difference between both objects.
The study also found that the heat from the objects in the experiment"was too weak to be felt by human hands, even at very short distances". The dogs were able to sense these heated objects from 1.5m away, but humans were only able to feel the warmth of the object if they touched it.
The research team also studied the brain activity of 13 dogs in the second experiment. When a warm object was near their noses. there was an increase in brain activity.
"From these two experiments, we know that dogs are able to sense heat from warm-blooded animals, use this information for hunting, and that a special part of the brain is activated(激活)by such heat,” said the leader of the study.
1.The purpose of the study by Scientific Reports is to find out .
A. why dogs' noses are so cold
B. what makes dogs warm
C.how dogs sense heat better
2.What do we know about the first experiment
A. Dogs were not able to sense the heat from two objects
B. Humans were better at sensing heat than dogs
C .Dogs could tell the difference between both objects
3. When a warm object was put near the dogs' noses, .
A. there was no change in their brain activity
B. more brain activity could be found
C. their brain activity slowed down
4. We can learn from the last paragraph that .
A. dogs can sense heat from all animals
B. dogs' brain can be activated by heat from warm-blooded animals
C. sensing heat is useless when dogs are hunting
5. What could be the best title of this passage
A. Heat-sensing noses B. Dogs brain activity C. Two experiments on heating.
(2020长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试仿真密卷（A卷）)
A
Increasingly, some words have been taking aver a good old-fashioned"thank you " or" you’re welcome"in daily conversations in the United States, While dining at a restaurant,when a waiter comes by to ask Americans whether they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say"I’m good"rather than "no, thank you When someone thanks them for holding the door open, "no problem"is almost the same as " you're welcome”.
Are Americans becoming ruder, forgetting traditional polite ways, or are the words they use now just updated expressions with the same feelings
According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the less use of these magic words in our everyday conversation has to do with the preference to all things casual(随意的）in the society today, Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behavior are present in all areas of life.
And Americans agree with her. In a recent survey made by Rasmussen Reports fount that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming “ruder”.
But is using phrases like”no problem”or＂I’m good＂really rude Do more casual words erase(抹掉) the original(原始的) feeling of gratitude(感激)
Emily Senning,whose great-grandmother set the standard(标准)on manners with the book Etiquette(礼仪), thought that actual manners change over time and between cultures,so do the words we use to express our feelings.
It's probably not a bad idea to remember to say"please "and"thank you", but don't beat yourself up thinking you're a terrible person if you say"have a good one"instead of have a nice day.”
6. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1
A. Present an opinion on a subject
B. Advise people to say"thank you "
C. Introduce a topic for discussion
7. Americans will say” “if they don’t want any more food
A.I’m good B. no problem C.thank you
8. According to Paragraph 3, people use magic words less because .
A. Americans used to be rude and casual
B. they like to choose casual ways of life
C. casual ways are not normal in all parts of life
9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Words we use change with time and culture
B. Emily Senning set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette
C. Few people think American are becoming ruder,
10. The writer thinks it is to use“ have a good one”.
A.rude B. OK C.necessary
B
Welcome!
You've arrived at the website of my new story The Lckabog.
I had the idea for The Lckabog a long time ago and read it to my two younger children each night while I was working on it. However, when the time came to publish (出版) it, I decided to put out a book for adults instead, which is how The Lckabog ended up in the attic (阁楼). Later, I became busy with other things,and even though I loved the story, over the years I came to think of it as something that was just for my own children.
Then this lockdown(居家隔离) happened.It’s been very hard on children. So I brought The Lckabog down from the attic, read it for the first time in years, rewrote bits of it and then read it to my children again. They gave me some suggestions, and here we are!
The Lckabog will be published for free on this website. It isn’t Harry Potter and it doesn't include magic. This is a totally different story.
The most exciting part is that I’d like you to illustrate for The Lckabog. What would you like to draw You can enter the official competition for the chance to have your drawings in the book. Let your imagination run wildly!
If you would like to share your artwork, use the hashtag#The Lckabog on Twitter.
When the book is published in November, all the money will go to help people who suffered from COVID-19.
I hope you enjoy reading it and I can't wait to see your pictures!
Love,
J K. Rowling
11.Why didn't J K Rowling publish The Lckabog previously (以前 )
A. Because the lockdown happened
B. Because her kids wanted to keep it in the attic
C. Because she published an adult book.
12. J K. Rowling brought The Lckabog down from the attic to .
A. rewrite it for children
B. give children suggestions
C. read it for the first time
13. What does the underlined word"illustrate'' mean in Paragraph 6
A.给建议 B.加插图 C.取名字
14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. You need to pay if you want to read The Lckabog online
B. You can get the paper book of The Lckabog in November
C. If you want to share your artwork, put them in the book The Lckabog anytime
15.The purpose of this text is .
A. to call for children to illustrate for the book
B. to describe the main idea of The Lckabog
C. to tell us what kind of books her children like
(广益中学2019-2020-2初三英语第二次模拟)
A
Artificial Intelligence(AI) has been in the news a lot lately. And according to a recent report from the Mckinsey Global Institute, about half of today’s work activities could be automated(自动化的)by2055. Could＂teaching＂be on that list
The teacher in the classroom is a human model. When a human teacher is able to show advantages of learning, learners are more likely to be inspired to work harder and make progress Even Al with advanced technology can’t do this.
So, the chances are that your job is safe for the near future. But it is going to change and robots will join us quite soon, as teaching assistants.
Recently, a Georgia Tech professor has used an AI teaching assistant in his classroom, which allows him to more effectively manage over 400 students. His AI teaching assistant helps him answer more routine questions, freeing him to deal with some complex problems which are difficult to solve from students.
Al is also being used in South Korea and Japan to help with language learning. Students can go through any variety of conversational practices, and Al can correct mistakes in usage and pronunciation. In fact, research shows that these programs can help solve problems like shyness and frustration(挫败)that can appear when child practice repetitively with a teacher.After all, a robot will not get tired or annoyed no matter how many mistakes a child makes.
This will be the future of AI in the classroom Should you start packing up your desk Absolutely not. The bottom line is that these technologies work best when paired with an active human teacher. But it certainly could make your job easier and more efficient.
16.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The present teaching conditions
B. The advantage of human teachers
C. The purpose of using an AI teaching technology
17. What does the underlined word"complex"mean in Chinese
A.复杂的 B.普遍的 C.完整的
18. In what way is a robot better than a human teacher
A. It is more patient B. It is more creative C. It is more convenient
19.Who is the passage probably written for
A.Students B.Teachers C. Parents
20. Which can be the best title for the passage
A.What will teachers be like in the future
B. The benefit of using teaching assistants
C. Could AI take the place of human teachers
B
Singer Han Hong took action to help Wuhan,the city at the center of the coronavirus outbreak(新冠病毒爆发), Han Hong had planned to hold the first concert of her 2020 national tour in Wuhan on February29. But she called off the show and called on people to donate(捐款）to the city .Soon over 2 billion yuan was donated through Han Hong Love Charity Foundation which she founded in 2012.
When you' re going through a situation like this, you want to do anything you can to help.
There are so many kind people out there, "wrote a fan, who donated through Han’s foundation. "It's good to know that there are trucks with medical things going straight to the hospitals. They are badly needed".
In 2008, Han held a charity performance for Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, after an earthquake, That inspired her to found her foundation. Over the years, she has donated to people in different disasters, including an earthquake in Yushu,Qinghai Province, in 2010, a huge mudslide(泥石流）in Gansu Province and an earthquake in Yunnan Province in 2013.
"I almost spent all my savings. That’s what I want to do and what I can do, “Han said in an interview on the online show,Opinion, in 2015. "Many people don' t trust charity organizations to use their donations properly. Charities are held at a higher standard and need to win people's trust ".The show also reported that Han had helped over 200 orphans(孤儿)since 1999.
21. What can we learn about Han Hong from Paragraph 1
A. She held a concert in Wuhan before the coronavirus outbreak
B. She founded a charity foundation ten years ago
C. She has a great influence on the public
22. Which of the the following is NOT TRUE
A. The medical things are send to the hospitals by ruck straightly
B. In order to help people in Yushu earthquake, Han held a charity performance
C. Because of the coronavirus outbreak, Han canceled her concert in Wuhan.
23.When did Han Hong get the ideas of foundation
A After a mudslide happened in Gansu Province
B. After an earthquake happened in Yunnan Province
C. After an earthquake happened in Sichuan Province
24. In Han's opinion, what do charities need to do
A. To provide a new standard.
B. To make good use of donations.
C. To pay more attention to orphans
25.What dos the passage mainly talk about
A. Han’s foundation B. The donations to Wuhan C. Han's efforts to help people
(麓山国际实验学校2019-2020-2二次模)
A
Then Alice came upon a little three-legged table. all made of glass. There was nothing on it except a tiny golden key. She picked it up and put it in all the locks on the doors but it didn’t open any of them. She moved a curtain(窗帘)on one of the walls and discovered another door, a very small one. She put the key in the lock. And to her great joy it fitted!
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage. not much larger than a rat-hole. She knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. It was full of bright flowers. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, but she could not even get her head through the doorway.
She walked back to the table. This time she found a little bottle on it. And round the neck of the bottle was a paper label,with the words"DRINK ME"beautifully printed on it in large letters. "It certainly was not here before. "said Alice.
Alice wasn’t a stupid girl. She didn’t drink it immediately. First she looked at the bottle carefully. However, this bottle was not marked"poison". so Alice tried to taste it and finding it very nice, she drank some more, And soon the bottle was empty.
"What an unusual feeling! "said Alice. And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high. After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once.
When she got to the door. she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it. And she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table,but it was too slippery(滑的),She sat down....
26. From the first paragraph, we can know that .
A. there was nothing on the table
B.Alice found a door covered with a curtain
C. the tiny golden key fitted all the locks
27. What does the underlined word"label "mean in the passage
A.标签 B.广告 C.海报
28. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A. Alice wanted to get out of the dark hall and she made it.
B. At first, there wasn’t a little bottle on the three-legged table.
C.The leg of the table was too slippery for Alice to climb up.
29. The underlined word "it "in the last paragraph refers to .
A.the table B. the bottle C.the golden key
30. According to the passage. the best words to describe Alice are .
A. careful and brave B. clever and friendly C. organized and strange
B
If you travel by bus or subway, you may look up to find someone sleeping in the seat across from you. Maybe this even happens to you! You might think you need more coffee,but it won’t help much. The natural vibration(振动) of buses and subways makes us fall sleepy, according to a new study.
Why It's all about the information going to your brain. On a bus, you keep receiving the repeating information. For example, the air conditioner and engine keep making white noise. At the same time. you're sitting still on the seat. Also, things around you don’t change. Your brain almost has no new information to process. Slowly, your brain doesn't care about the information any longer and starts to rest. The fact that you fall asleep quickly when closing your eyes on a bus is because your brain gets used to all the repeating information.
"When you're tired, it doesn't take you much time to start nodding off. And we’ve found that the vibrations made by car seats as you drive can make your brain and body relaxed and calm, "said Stephen Robinson, a researcher from Australia.
Robinson’s team monitored(监测)15 volunteers’ hearts rate variability(HRV，心率变异度) which shows how sleepy one person is, while they sat in a driving simulator(模拟器). In two 60-minute tests,volunteers were tested once with vibrations and once without.
During the test with vibrations, volunteers’ HRV was much lower. Within 15minutes, they felt a bit sleepy, and the feeling was increasing up until the end of the test.
The line of research can help in the development of the car industry, and then help to reduce accidents. " We hope that future car seat design can fight sleeping caused by vibration, ""Robinson said.
31. How does the writer lend into the topic
A. By asking a question. B. By giving an example. C. By making a comparison.
32. Maybe you won’t fall asleep, when .
A. the things around you always change to make your brain get new information
B. you keep hearing the white noise such as the air conditioner and engine
C. your brain is used to some information which is repeating
33. In the driving simulator with vibrations, volunteers .
A. felt sleepy for just 15 minutes
B.felt sleepier and sleepier during the test
C. felt sleepy as soon as the test started
34.According to the passage,we know .
A.during the test without vibrations,volunteers’ HRV slowed down
B.the vibrations made by seats can excite your brain and body as you drive
C. when you're tired, it's easy for you to start nodding off
35. What can we infer(推断) from the passage
A. Fewer people will take buses in the near future.
B.The lower a person's HRV is, the more active he is.
C.If Robinson' s dream comes true, road safety will be improved
参考答案
1 . 推理判断：CCC
课堂练习：
1-5 ACBBA 6-10 BABAA 11-15 AABBA 16-20 BAABA
21-25 CBCBC 26-30 BAACA 31-35 BABCC
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