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八下U6单元知识清单
Comic strip-Welcome to the unit
Train to be a volunteer训练做一名志愿者train to be a volunteer(for sth.)=train as a volunteer (for sth.)
补充: train to do sth. training center训练中心
2.volunteer to do sth=volunteer for sth.志愿做某事
volunteer-__ voluntary_(adj.)志愿的
3.support sb支持某人 support不可数
With.....the support of...在某人的支持下= with one's support
support- supporter_(n.)支持者
meaningful-meaningless(反义词)
补充: It's meaningful to do sth. mean +that从句
打算做某事 mean to do sth. 意味着做某事 mean doing sth.
5.need的用法
①作情态动词
need/needn't do sth.
②作行为动词
need to do sth.需要做某事
need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事 don't need to do sth.不必做某事
③做名词
There is no need to do sth.
没有必要做某事没必要如此匆忙 There is no need to hurry.
be in need of ...需要
some more再来一些，再多一些
复习:
数词+more+名词=another+数词+名词
two more apples=another two apples
blind adj.瞎的→_blindness__ (n)
与blind相关的短语
go blind失明
be blind to ...对.....视而不见 turn a blind eye (to sth.)(对某事)佯装不见
deaf adj聋的→_deafness___ ((n.) go/become deaf 变聋
与deaf相关的短语
be deaf to对....耳不闻 turn a deaf ear(tosb/sth.)(对...)置之不理/充耳不闻
9.elderly adj.年老的
an elderly man一位老年人
注意:elder adj.表示“年龄较大的，年长的"，尤用于指同一家庭两个成员中年纪较长的。
10.homeless adj. 无家可归的
常见的含有后缀-less的形容词有:
homeless无家可归的 useless无用的 hopeless无望的 careless粗心的 endless无尽的 helpless无助的 meaningless无意义的
11."the+adj."表示一类人
the homeless 无家可归的人 the blind 盲人 the deaf 聋人
the disabled 残疾人 the elderly 老人
12.don't have their own places to live没有他们自己住的地方
of one's own自己的
own v.拥有/adj.自己的
on one's own独自
owner n.主人
the owner of........主人
13.any other ways其它的方法 any other +名词复数/不可数名词其它的......
拓展:any other+可数名词单数表示“其余任何一个"
eg. Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.
汤姆比班上的任何一个学生都跑得快。
14.provide的用法 provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物
注意与offer的用法区分:
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb给某人提供某物
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
Reading
1.句式剖析
Liu Ming did not know what to expect
主句(what to expect作know的宾语)
when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007.
when引导的时间状语从句
当刘明准备为2007年10月在上海举办的夏季特奥会做志愿者时，他不知道能期待什么。
2.expect的用法
expect to do sth.期待做某事
expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
辨析:hope,wish,expect, look forward to
（1）. hope
hope作“希望”解，主要用来表示主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。
常见用法有: hope to do sth，希望做某事
e.g. I hope to see you soon.我希望不久能见到你。
hope that + 从句
e.g. I hope that everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。
没有hope sb、to do sth.的句型!绝对没有!!!
(2). wish
wish作“但愿，希望”解，主要用来表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。常见用法有:
1wish (sb.) to do sth、希望(某人) 做某事
e.g. I wish you to go to Beijing with me hext year,我希望你明年和我一起去北京目
wish that + 从句(虚拟语气
e.g. We all wish that he would pass the exam.我们都希望他能通过考试。
wish sb sth希望某人获得,表示实现的可能性不大或根本不可能时，从句要用过去式，表虚拟语
e.g. I wish you success.
我们希望你成功。
(3). expect
expect 作“期望，期待”解，侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。
常见用法有:
expect (sb.) to do sth、期待(某人) 做某事
e.g. I expect you to give me a hand.我期待你能帮助我。
be expected to do sth、被期待做...
e.g. He is expected to win the match.他有望赢得这场比赛。
lt is expected that+从句，人们期望..
e.g. It is expected that the building will be completed by next month.
(4). look forward to
look forward to 作“盼望，期望”解，常用于表示愉快或满足的心情，期望或向往某事。 常见用法有:
Ilook forward to sth、期待某事/某物
e.g. Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival、每个孩子都期待着春节。目look forward to doing sth、期待做..
e.g. We are looking forward to seeing_each_other soon.我们期待马上见到对方，
初中阶段常见to doing 结构:
pay attention to doing集中精力做某事
look forward to doing期待做某事
be/get used to doing习惯于做某事
3.句式剖析
The Special Olympics World Gamesgive children and adultswith intellectual disabilities a chance
主语 谓语 间接宾语 后置定语，修饰children和adults 直接宾语
to show their skills to the world.不定式短语作后置定语，修饰chance
特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子和成人一个向世界展示自己技能的机会。
4.adult-__children_(对应词)
5.disabled adj.残疾的
→__ disability n残疾
4.关于chance的短语
give sb. a chance to do sth.给某人一个做某事的机会
have a chance to do sth有机会做某事
It's a good chance for sb. to do sth.对某人来说(做某事)是个好机会拓展延伸:
①chance还可意为“可能性”，用法如下 the chance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的可能性
There is no chance that...不可能......
a slight/slim chance 希望渺茫/可能性不大
②chance还可意为“偶然，碰巧，意外” by chance 偶然
5.介词短语作后置定语
The man in the car is Jim's father.车里的男士是Jim的父亲。
6.include vt.包含，包括 include sth.
include doing sth.(不能用于进行时态)
7.关于event的常见搭配 a historical event历史事件 a social event 社会大事
8.be similar to 与......相像 be similar in 在.....方面相似注意:similar没有比较级和最高级9.give up doing sth.放弃做某事
10.necessary adj必须的，必要的→unnecessary (反义词)adj.不必要的
if necessary 如果有必要=if it is necessary
11.coach n教练/vt.训练，指导/n.长途汽车
12.be born with 生来具有.....天生有拓展延伸:
be born to be...注定成为.
be born to do sth.注定要做...
13.not...but...不是.....而是
take part in...参加....
15.finish fourth 取得第四名
16.try one's best = do one's best尽某人最大努力
17.confident adj.有自信的→_confidence_n.信心，自信心
拓展延伸:
confident还可意为“肯定的，确信的，有把握的”
be confident that 确信.... be confident of 对.......有把握
feel like doing sth.好像，感觉像
拓展延伸:
feel like还可意为“想要，想”，相当于 want或would like
I feel like going for a walk= / want to go for a walk.= / would like to go for a walk.
19.work closely with....和.....密切合作
辨析:closely, close与 closed
closely adv. 密切地 表示抽象意义的“接近” close adv.紧挨着/adj近的，亲密的v关闭 closed adj.关着的，闭着的
20.get to do sth.有机会做某事
拓展延伸:
get to do sth.还可意为“开始做某事"，含有‘渐渐开始"之意，get to后常接know, like, hate, understand, realize等表示心理感觉的动词。
get to know 逐渐了解
get to understand 渐渐明白 achievement n.成就
21.辨析:achieve与come true
achieve vt.实现;达到主语常是人
come true 动词短语实现，后面不能接宾语，主语常为梦想，计划，愿望等。
22.win first prize获得第一名
23.句式剖析表示名次时，first前面可以不加the
Maybe that's why this event is so different from other usual games!
why引导的表语从句
或许那就是这项比赛与其他平常运动会如此不同的原因!
that's why...那就是....的原因，其中why引导表语从句
24.be different from.... ......同 the same as... 和....相同/一样
Grammar
1.It is +形容词+for sb.+to do sth本句型中的形容词是表示事物的性质，特征的。这样的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, important,dangerous, possible, necessary, interesting等。
2.lt is +形容词+of sb. ++o do sth.
本句型中的形容词是表示人的性格、品质的。这样的形容词有:kind,good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。
知识点:
1.donate sth. to sb把某物捐给某人
donate→__ donation__n.捐赠，捐赠物
make a donation to.向.....捐赠
2.have trouble doing sth.
=have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/问题
have trouble with sth.在某方面有困难/问题
关于trouble的短语:
get out of trouble 摆脱困境 get into trouble 陷入困境 in trouble 处于困难中 make trouble 制造麻烦
3.donate blood 献血
blood 不可数n.血/v.出血，流血
与blood相关的短语:
blood type 血型
make a blood test 验血 blood pressure 血压
in cold blood 冷血地，残忍地
Integrated skills
1.South-west China.中国西南地区不同的“方向”
north 北
northwest northeast
西北 东北
西 west east 东
southwest southeast
西南 东南
south 南
in this way 用这种方法
与way相关的短语:
lose one's way 迷路
in one's/the way妨碍，挡道 by the way 顺便说一下 no way 决不
on one's way to 在去.....的路上 in some ways 在有些方面
3.save our pocket money 节省零花钱 save v.节省，节约/挽救/保存，保留
Study skills
1.according to the type of writing根据写作类型
2.lead to 引起，导致;通向
补充:
lead sb. to do sth.
引导某人做某事(to是介词)
3.not..any more=no more
表示程度或做某事的次数“不再”增加
not...any longer=no longer
常指时间或状态上“不再”
Task
1.introduction n.引言;介绍
introduce v.介绍
introduce sb/sth. to sb. 向某人介绍某人/某物
introduce oneself自我介绍
2.in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院
a serious blood disease严重的血液病
三“病”辨析:
disease 指具体的“疾病’
illness表示患病期或因病导致的不健康的状态
sickness泛指身体不适，还特指呕吐，晕船，晕车
4.do/perform an operation on sb.=operate on sb.给.…动手术
put sth. into operation 实施，运转
5.otherwise=or或if...not
6.lose one's life 失去某人的生命
与lose相关的短语
lose one's way=get lost lose heart 灰心丧气 lose a game 输掉比赛
give a helping hand帮助，伸出援助之手
与“帮助”有关的短语:
give sb. a hand 帮助某人 do sb. a favour 帮某人个忙
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
8.earthquake survivors地震幸存者 survive v幸存，活下来
短语归纳:
some more 再来一些，再多一些 the disabled 残疾人 work as 担任
be similar to... 与......相似 give up 放弃
feel like 好像,感觉像 swimming coach 游泳教练
be born with 生来具有....天生有.... finish fourth 获得第四名 win first prize获得一等奖
feel more confident觉得更加自信 work closely with...和..密切合作 make friends with 和......做朋友 talk on the phone在电话里交谈 take part 参加，参与
improve one's life/lives改善某人的生活 those in need那些需要帮助的.... such as 例如
in this way 用这种方法 get well again 恢复健康
earthquake survivors地震幸存者
give a helping hand 帮助,伸出援助之手 help our mind relax有助于我们的大脑放松
have a serious blood disease得了一种严重的血液病
make the event a great success使这项赛事取得巨大成功
用法总结:
provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供菜物
It's fantastic to work as..担任.....很棒。
含work的短语: work out计算,算出,解决 work for 为.效力 work on从事,忙于给某人一个做某事的机会 work well奏效，起作用
give sb. a chance to do sth给某人做某事的机会 achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 donate sth. to sb.把某物捐给某人 make sure + that 从句保证/确保...
have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难/问题
do an operation on给.....动手术 lose one's life失去生命 not ... but ...不是..而是....
join the army/the club/a trip/the team/the discussion join sb in doing sth
join in=take partin +activities/sports/a sports meeting/a party
attend+a wedding/a lesson/a course/school/a class/a meeting

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