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2024年中考英语二轮复习专题-阅读理解题说明文（广东专用）
一．阅读理解
（2023年广东省考真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
（ ）1. Where is this passage most probably from
A. A storybook. B. An art magazine.
C. A guidebook. D. A science magazine.
（ ）2. How can a certain kind of ants find their way
A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together D. By walking through a forest.
（ ）3. What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling.
（ ）4. What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph
A. To help animals. B. To travel at night.
C. To keep city lights on. D. To develop unusual abilities.
（ ）5. Which can be the best title for the passage
A. Birds’ Sense of Light B. Fish’s Sense of Smell
C. Animals’ Sense of Direction D. Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
解析：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C
【短文大意】本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感。
1.推理判断题。本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可以在科学杂志上看到。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知一些蚂蚁可以通过数步数来避免迷路。故选B。
3.词句猜测题。根据“It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知科学家还没有答案，因此可推知划线部分“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据“However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities...Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.”可知本段说明人类的一个小举动可能对动物意义重大，因此是建议人们要帮助动物。故选A。
5.最佳标题题。本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故填C。
二．阅读理解
（2022年广东省考真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Jerry is a world famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure(探险) in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples(样本) from places far away to do research. But scientists can't get there themselves as such places are hard to reach—only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought he could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life on Mount Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists learn how plants live in extreme(极端的) conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do，” Jerry said to a newspaper.
( )1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about？
A. Jerry's friends.
B. Jerry's achievements.
C. High mountains.
D. A geography magazine.
( )2. What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Satisfied.
B. Lonely.
C. Patient.
D. Worried.
( )3. Why did Jerry set up a team of top adventurers？
A. To make friends.
B. To help scientists.
C. To study plants.
D. To train scientists.
( )4. Jerry's and his friends' adventures have changed ________.
A. their hobbies
B. their friendship
C. their understanding of life
D. their living conditions
( )5. Which can be the best title for the passage？
A. Dangerous Mountains Climbing
B. Important Scientific Discoveries
C. Plants Found on High Mountains
D. Adventures Turned into Something Greater
解析：【短文大意】 杰里是一名登山者，但他不满足于个人的成就，因而组建了一支登山队，它是由顶级探险家组成的。他们为科学家采集样本，将登山探险变成了一件更有意义的事情。
1.段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要介绍了杰里在登山方面取得的成就，故B项符合题意。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后提到的杰里问自己的问题及他组建登山队为科学家采集样本的事情可知，此处是说，虽然杰里已经取得了成功，但他并不感到满足，故fulfilled的含义同satisfied，意为"满足的"，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach... He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists"可知，杰里组建由顶级探险家组成的登山队是为了帮助科学家，故B项符合题意。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Such adventures have made us see life in a different way"可知，杰里认为他和他朋友的这种探险使他们以一种不同的方式看待生命。由此可推知，这种探险改变了他们对生命的理解，故C项符合题意。
5.标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了登山者杰里不满足于个人的成就，因而组建了一支登山队来为科学家采集样本并最终将登山探险变成一件更有意义的事情的故事，故D项最适合作本文的标题。
三．阅读理解
（2023年广州真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
( )1. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words.
( )2. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-②
( )3. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules.
( )4. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words.
解析：
1.B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三句可知，Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words ， common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected 词典编纂者读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法。
2.D 排列顺序题。定位到第二段第四句、第二段倒数第二句、第三段第二句、第三段第三句。 cards were collected 38③；were put in alphabetical order(A—Z) 38① ； divided up the cards 38④；he wrote the definitions 38②
3.C 推理判断题。由第二段倒数第三句This task could last for years 39C .和最后一句When this was done, there would be several hundred cards 39C for each single word.可推知，过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。
4.A 推理判断题。由第五段最后一句可推知，作者建议我们要接受词汇的新用法。Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries 40C； When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary 40B. are always pushing us to give new uses to old words 40AD。
回顾知识体系
阅读理解的正确选项特征：
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征：
方法 定义 方法 定义
无中生有 文中无信息支撑，但符合语境要求 偷梁换柱 利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒 与文中所述事实相反 张冠李戴 利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义 仅为文中细节，对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意) 以偏概全 用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
1.细节理解题
说明文常考题型 2.推理判断题
3.词义猜测题
4.主旨大意题/段落大意题
5.逻辑排序题
一．主旨大意题/段落大意题
1.命题形式。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目设题，针对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意。
2.常见设问方式
1）标题类
(1)The best title/headline for this passage might be__________.
(2)What is the best title for the passage
(3)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage
2）大意类
(1)This passage chiefly deals with__________.
(2)What’s the topic of the article
(3)What is the subject discussed in the text
3.题目特点
1）考查的范围:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等
2）运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
4.解题步骤
1）略读法：快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,找出各个段落的主题句
2）把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,概括出文章的中心
3）排除干扰项：利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题
5.常见解题方法
摘句归纳法(首尾句)、合并归纳法、取主舍次法
二．逻辑排序题
1.命题形式。
给出从原文中抽取出来的5或6个具体事实，要求学生按照事件发生的先后顺序进行排列或以图片的形式呈现，主要考查学生对说明顺序的理解
2.常见设问方式
Which is the correct order for poets to enter the competition
What is the correct order of the following events from the passage
In what order did the following happen in Darwin's life
3.解题步骤
1）先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断,根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2）找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, second, third等。
3）上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系,我们只要抓住它们的联系就可以解答了。
4.常见解题方法
“观察+对比+定位+排除”的方法：
首先观察选项的特点,一般情况下,四个选项中都是有两个相同的顺序组合作为事件发生的顺序开头,到文中去定位,排除错误的选项;接着进行第二轮对比排除,最后得到正确答案。
三．词义猜测题
1.命题形式。
在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
2.常见设问方式
What does the underlined word “....” in Paragraph 3 mean
The underlined word “...” means “　　　　” in this passage.
3.题目特点
从2021年中考开始,B篇阅读词义猜测题由猜中文意思改为猜英文释义。
4.解题步骤
1）根据题干定位单词所在段落
2）理解词所在上下句
3）根据上下句语境推断
5.解题方法
1）根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。
2）利用构词法猜测词义
3）根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。
4）根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。
5）根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。
（一）
Many of us have seen rainbows in the sky. For us to see a rainbow, the conditions need to be just right. We need some water drops in the air, like rain or even fog, and we need the sun to be behind us and quite low to the ground. This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.
The light from the sun seems white to us. But the white light we see is made up of a mix of different colors. When the light goes through raindrops, these colors can separate out. Each color in the rainbow has a different “wavelength(波长)”. When light hits a raindrop, it can change direction. We call this “refraction(折射)”. Each of the different wavelengths is refracted differently. Light can refract different colors through raindrops at different wavelengths.
We are taught that the rainbow has seven hues: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo(靛蓝色) and purple. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next to each other in the rainbow, which is why we can see turquoise (a mix of blue and green). Brown is a mix of red and green. But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow. So we can’t see brown in it.
We would never see black and white in a rainbow. Black is what we see when there’s no light. On the other hand, white is a mix of all the colors. When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning that it is no longer white.
( )1. Where is this passage most probably from
A. A science magazine.
B. An art magazine.
C. A travel magazine.
D. A fashion magazine.
( )2. Why can we see a rainbow under the right conditions
A. The air seems to be fresh.
B. The light goes through raindrops.
C. The raindrops are like little balls.
D. The weather is foggy after it rains.
( )3. What does the underlined word “hues” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Colors.
B. Styles.
C. Reasons.
D. Choices.
( )4. How can we get brown according to the passage
A. By mixing red and black.
B. By mixing red and green.
C. By mixing black and white.
D. By mixing green and white.
( )5. What is this passage mainly about
A. The refraction of light in the rain.
B. The colors of making up the rainbow.
C. The formation and the colors of rainbows.
D. The time of the colors turning blue in the rainbow.
解析：【短文大意】 彩虹产生的条件和原理。
1.A 推理判断题。题干是问文章的来源，结合文章的重复信息可知，都在讲彩虹产生的条件，因此A选项符合。
2.B 细节理解题。题干问为什么我们能在正确的条件下看到彩虹，定位到第一段，This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.故选B。
3.A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的We are taught that the rainbow has seven hues: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo(靛蓝色) and purple.可知，冒号后面都是关于颜色的列举，故A项符合题意。
4.B细节理解题。根据题干 get brown定位到Brown is a mix of red and green. But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow. So we can’t see brown in it.故B项符合题意。
5.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，AB选项以偏概全，D选项偷梁换柱，C选项彩虹的形状和颜色，复合文章大意。
（二）
Why are some people just 1.5 meters tall, while others reach 2 meters Studies have found that genes(基因) decide one’s height. There are about 4,000 genetic variants(变异体) that play a key role. Each of them might make a person’s height taller or shorter.
Now scientists in the US have found the most important genetic variant for deciding the height so far. This genetic variant causes people to be shorter. Each piece of this genetic variant can make a person’s height 2.2 cm lower more or less. If people have two pieces from their parents, they will be 4.4 cm shorter, more or less.
These findings were developed from a study of people in Peru. ▲ According to the research, the height of men is about 1.65 meters, while women are about 1.52 meters. Scientists said people in Peru whose family are native Americans have this genetic variant.
Scientists also found that the living environment might have an impact on one’s height. People in Peru who live by the sea have more genetic variants than those living in mountains or rainforests.
One more question: why can’t we keep growing taller We grow taller because our bones(骨头) grow. Bones increase in length because of the growth plates inside them. However, when we are about ten years old, the growth plates become fully grown. When we are about eighteen years old, they stop growing. So we can’t grow taller anymore.
( )1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A. people can decide their own height
B. genetic variants are bad for people’s health
C. everyone has a chance to grow up to 2 meters
D. people’s genes are very important for their height
( )2. How much shorter might Jack be if he has three pieces of genetic variants
A. 2.2 cm.
B. 4.4 cm.
C. 6.6 cm.
D. 8.8 cm.
( )3. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3.
A. They want to become taller.
B. They are known for being short.
C. They are as short as their parents.
D. They are taller than native Americans.
( )4. What does the underlined word “impact” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Agreement.
B. Influence.
C. Operation.
D. Opinion.
( )5. What is the passage mainly about
A. The amazing variants of genes.
B. The height of people in Peru.
C. The differences of height around the world.
D. The latest studies of human genes.
解析：
短文大意：基因对一个人的身高的影响。
1.D 细节理解题。根据题干定位到第一段Studies have found that genes(基因) decide one’s height. 故D项符合题意。
2.C推理判断题。根据题干定位到 Each piece of this genetic variant can make a person’s height 2.2 cm lower more or less. If people have two pieces from their parents, they will be 4.4 cm shorter, more or less. ,因此if he has three pieces of genetic variants，will be 6.6 cm ，C项符合题意。
3.B句子还原题。根据题干定位到第二段. 根据下文：根据研究，男性的身高约为1.65米，而女性的身高约为1.52米。故B项符合题意。
4.B 词义理解题。根据题干定位到第三段.根据下文People in Peru who live by the sea have more genetic variants than those living in mountains or rainforests.生活在海边的秘鲁人比生活在山区或热带雨林中的人有更多的基因变异。故B项符合题意。
5.A 推理判断题。串联文章各段首句，本文讲的是关于基因的基因变异。故选A。
（三）
The first World Report on Vision (视力) by the World Health Organization (WHO) came out on October 10th, 2019. According to the report, near-sightedness (近视) is an alarming problem among young adults. In the United States, about 40% of young adults are near-sighted. But this situation pales compared with that of young adults in China.
China Daily reported more serious vision problems in China in 2019. In the report, 80% senior high school students are near-sighted, followed by 71.6% in junior high school, 36% in primary school and 14% of 6-year-olds in kindergarten. This is a shocking fact to the society. What causes this eyesight problem Besides family history, there are some other reasons, such as not having enough outdoor activities, being short of enough sleep and too much use of electronic products.
However, many young people don’t take near-sightedness seriously. They think that it is easy to solve the problem with the help of eye drops, clever glasses, contact lenses or eye operations. And some young people even think that it is cool to wear glasses. But the real facts are not like that. Although glasses, contact lenses and other ways may help solve the problem of the near-sightedness, they are lifelong expenses. Not every family can afford them. What’s more, serious near-sightedness can cause other eye diseases in middle age, some of which can even cause loss of vision.
It is time for us to take action to protect our eyesight. Go out and do more outdoor exercise. Have enough sleep and useless electronic product. Good eyesight is priceless. So let’s try our best to take care of our eyesight.
1．In China, near-sightedness seems to be the most serious among .
A．kindergarten kids B．primary school students
C．junior high school students D．senior high school students
2．The reasons for the near-sightedness include .
①family history ②wearing glasses everyday ③being short of sleep ④not having enough outdoor activities
⑤too much use of electronic products
A．①③④⑤ B．②③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．①②③④
3．The underlined word “pales” in Paragraph 1 means “ ”.
A．seems more serious B．seems less serious
C．seems more exciting D．seems less exciting
4．According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that .
A．all people think near-sightedness is a serious problem
B．eye drops, clever glasses and contact lenses are actually useless
C．it is easy for families to afford glasses or contact lenses
D．people might lose their vision if near-sightedness is not well treated
5．The purpose of the passage is to .
A．introduce World Report on Vision to readers
B．explain the possible reasons for near-sightedness
C．call on people to take good care of their eyesight
D．comp are the near-sighted problems in different countries
解析：本文主要讲述了在中国，人们视力问题已经很严重并告诫人们好好保护视力。
1．细节理解题。根据“In the report, 80% senior high school students are near-sighted, followed by 71.6% in junior high school, 36% in primary school and 14% of 6-year-olds in kindergarten.”可知，高中百分之80的人近视了。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Besides family history, there are some other reasons, such as not having enough outdoor activities, being short of enough sleep and too much use of electronic products.”可知，家族遗传、没有足够的户外活动、缺乏睡眠以及太多电子产品上的使用会导致近视。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“China Daily reported more serious vision problems in China in 2019.”可知，美国的实力问题不如中国的严重，所以推断这个词为“不如……严重”，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“What’s more, serious near-sightedness can cause other eye diseases in middle age, some of which can even cause loss of vision.”可知，严重的近视问题有可能导致失去视力。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据“It is time for us to take action to protect our eyesight. Go out and do more outdoor exercise. Have enough sleep and useless electronic product. Good eyesight is priceless. So let's try our best to take care of our eyesight.”可知，本文主要目的是告诫人们好好保护视力。故选C。
（四）
We all know that there are two versions of written Chinese characters. People in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan use traditional characters. And on the Chinese mainland people write with simplified ones.
However, at this year's Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC), well-known film director Feng Dagang suggested that schools should teach students 50—200 of the most meaningful traditional Chinese characters. He thought traditional characters always had special meanings.
Take two simplified characters as an example, “亲” (meaning dear, or relatives) and “爱” (meaning love). The traditional version for “亲” is “親”, which has an extra “見” meaning “see”; while “爱” is written as “愛” in the traditional way, which has an extra “心” meaning “heart”. “Love needs ‘heart’ and relatives need to ‘see’ each other,” Feng said. “The simplified versions of these characters have lost their human touch.” “It doesn't mean that we abandon the simplified characters. We can learn simplified characters and let the children know about the most important part of traditional Chinese culture at the same time,” Feng added.
Some people hold the objective(客观的) opinion, some people hold the supportive opinion and others hold the opposite opinion. “Learning traditional Chinese characters will also help people better understand Chinese historical works written in traditional characters,” said Lu Bo, editor-in-chief of Macao Daily News. However, many people think simplified characters are easier to learn and write, and people have got used to them.
“Traditional Chinese characters are too hard for beginners and students don't have the language environment outside the classroom,” Zhang Jian, a Guangzhou primary school teacher, told the Yangcheng Evening News. “Moreover, simplified characters come from the traditional ones, which means they can also improve and keep traditional culture,” said Chinese character expert Dang Huixing.
( )1. How does the writer develop Paragraph 3
A. By telling stories. 　　
B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers. 　　
D. By explaining reasons.
( )2. What does the underlined word “abandon” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Give up. 　　
B. Care for. 　　
C. Agree on. 　　
D. Find out.
( )3.Which of the following shows the writer's attitude towards learning traditional Chinese characters
A. Angry. 　　
B. Worried. 　　
C. Objective. 　　
D. Opposite.
( )4. What is the passage mainly about
A. How to spread traditional culture.
B. How to learn simplified characters.
C. Reasons of learning traditional characters.
D. Different ideas of learning traditional characters.
解析：本文主要讲述传统文字的发展。
1．B推理判断题。题干作者是如何发展第3段的，定位到第3段，Take two simplified characters as an example.故选B。
2．A词句猜测题。根据It doesn't mean that这并不意味着； We can learn simplified characters and let the children know about the most important part of traditional Chinese culture at the same time我们可以学习简体字，同时让孩子们了解中国传统文化中最重要的部分，可知我们不能放弃了简化的字符。故选A。
3．C推理判断题。问作者的态度，根据各段段首句，文章在举例不同的人对传统汉字的看法，推断作者的观点是客观的。故选C。
4．D主旨大意题。串联各段段首句可知本文讲的是学习传统文字的不同观念，AB选项张冠李戴，C选项以偏概全。故选D。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题-阅读理解题说明文（广东专用）
一．阅读理解
（2023年广东省考真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
（ ）1. Where is this passage most probably from
A. A storybook. B. An art magazine.
C. A guidebook. D. A science magazine.
（ ）2. How can a certain kind of ants find their way
A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together D. By walking through a forest.
（ ）3. What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling.
（ ）4. What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph
A. To help animals. B. To travel at night.
C. To keep city lights on. D. To develop unusual abilities.
（ ）5. Which can be the best title for the passage
A. Birds’ Sense of Light B. Fish’s Sense of Smell
C. Animals’ Sense of Direction D. Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
二．阅读理解
（2022年广东省考真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Jerry is a world famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure(探险) in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples(样本) from places far away to do research. But scientists can't get there themselves as such places are hard to reach—only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought he could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life on Mount Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists learn how plants live in extreme(极端的) conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do，” Jerry said to a newspaper.
( )1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about？
A. Jerry's friends.
B. Jerry's achievements.
C. High mountains.
D. A geography magazine.
( )2. What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Satisfied.
B. Lonely.
C. Patient.
D. Worried.
( )3. Why did Jerry set up a team of top adventurers？
A. To make friends.
B. To help scientists.
C. To study plants.
D. To train scientists.
( )4. Jerry's and his friends' adventures have changed ________.
A. their hobbies
B. their friendship
C. their understanding of life
D. their living conditions
( )5. Which can be the best title for the passage？
A. Dangerous Mountains Climbing
B. Important Scientific Discoveries
C. Plants Found on High Mountains
D. Adventures Turned into Something Greater
三．阅读理解
（2023年广州真题）请阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
( )1. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words.
( )2. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-②
( )3. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules.
( )4. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words.
回顾知识体系
阅读理解的正确选项特征：
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征：
方法 定义 方法 定义
无中生有 文中无信息支撑，但符合语境要求 偷梁换柱 利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒 与文中所述事实相反 张冠李戴 利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义 仅为文中细节，对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意) 以偏概全 用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
1.细节理解题
说明文常考题型 2.推理判断题
3.词义猜测题
4.主旨大意题/段落大意题
5.逻辑排序题
一．主旨大意题/段落大意题
1.命题形式。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目设题，针对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意。
2.常见设问方式
1）标题类
(1)The best title/headline for this passage might be__________.
(2)What is the best title for the passage
(3)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage
2）大意类
(1)This passage chiefly deals with__________.
(2)What’s the topic of the article
(3)What is the subject discussed in the text
3.题目特点
1）考查的范围:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等
2）运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
4.解题步骤
1）略读法：快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,找出各个段落的主题句
2）把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,概括出文章的中心
3）排除干扰项：利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题
5.常见解题方法
摘句归纳法(首尾句)、合并归纳法、取主舍次法
二．逻辑排序题
1.命题形式。
给出从原文中抽取出来的5或6个具体事实，要求学生按照事件发生的先后顺序进行排列或以图片的形式呈现，主要考查学生对说明顺序的理解
2.常见设问方式
Which is the correct order for poets to enter the competition
What is the correct order of the following events from the passage
In what order did the following happen in Darwin's life
3.解题步骤
1）先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断,根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2）找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, second, third等。
3）上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系,我们只要抓住它们的联系就可以解答了。
4.常见解题方法
“观察+对比+定位+排除”的方法：
首先观察选项的特点,一般情况下,四个选项中都是有两个相同的顺序组合作为事件发生的顺序开头,到文中去定位,排除错误的选项;接着进行第二轮对比排除,最后得到正确答案。
三．词义猜测题
1.命题形式。
在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
2.常见设问方式
What does the underlined word “....” in Paragraph 3 mean
The underlined word “...” means “　　　　” in this passage.
3.题目特点
从2021年中考开始,B篇阅读词义猜测题由猜中文意思改为猜英文释义。
4.解题步骤
1）根据题干定位单词所在段落
2）理解词所在上下句
3）根据上下句语境推断
5.解题方法
1）根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。
2）利用构词法猜测词义
3）根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。
4）根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。
5）根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。
（一）
Many of us have seen rainbows in the sky. For us to see a rainbow, the conditions need to be just right. We need some water drops in the air, like rain or even fog, and we need the sun to be behind us and quite low to the ground. This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.
The light from the sun seems white to us. But the white light we see is made up of a mix of different colors. When the light goes through raindrops, these colors can separate out. Each color in the rainbow has a different “wavelength(波长)”. When light hits a raindrop, it can change direction. We call this “refraction(折射)”. Each of the different wavelengths is refracted differently. Light can refract different colors through raindrops at different wavelengths.
We are taught that the rainbow has seven hues: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo(靛蓝色) and purple. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next to each other in the rainbow, which is why we can see turquoise (a mix of blue and green). Brown is a mix of red and green. But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow. So we can’t see brown in it.
We would never see black and white in a rainbow. Black is what we see when there’s no light. On the other hand, white is a mix of all the colors. When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning that it is no longer white.
( )1. Where is this passage most probably from
A. A science magazine.
B. An art magazine.
C. A travel magazine.
D. A fashion magazine.
( )2. Why can we see a rainbow under the right conditions
A. The air seems to be fresh.
B. The light goes through raindrops.
C. The raindrops are like little balls.
D. The weather is foggy after it rains.
( )3. What does the underlined word “hues” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Colors.
B. Styles.
C. Reasons.
D. Choices.
( )4. How can we get brown according to the passage
A. By mixing red and black.
B. By mixing red and green.
C. By mixing black and white.
D. By mixing green and white.
( )5. What is this passage mainly about
A. The refraction of light in the rain.
B. The colors of making up the rainbow.
C. The formation and the colors of rainbows.
D. The time of the colors turning blue in the rainbow.
（二）
Why are some people just 1.5 meters tall, while others reach 2 meters Studies have found that genes(基因) decide one’s height. There are about 4,000 genetic variants(变异体) that play a key role. Each of them might make a person’s height taller or shorter.
Now scientists in the US have found the most important genetic variant for deciding the height so far. This genetic variant causes people to be shorter. Each piece of this genetic variant can make a person’s height 2.2 cm lower more or less. If people have two pieces from their parents, they will be 4.4 cm shorter, more or less.
These findings were developed from a study of people in Peru. ▲ According to the research, the height of men is about 1.65 meters, while women are about 1.52 meters. Scientists said people in Peru whose family are native Americans have this genetic variant.
Scientists also found that the living environment might have an impact on one’s height. People in Peru who live by the sea have more genetic variants than those living in mountains or rainforests.
One more question: why can’t we keep growing taller We grow taller because our bones(骨头) grow. Bones increase in length because of the growth plates inside them. However, when we are about ten years old, the growth plates become fully grown. When we are about eighteen years old, they stop growing. So we can’t grow taller anymore.
( )1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A. people can decide their own height
B. genetic variants are bad for people’s health
C. everyone has a chance to grow up to 2 meters
D. people’s genes are very important for their height
( )2. How much shorter might Jack be if he has three pieces of genetic variants
A. 2.2 cm.
B. 4.4 cm.
C. 6.6 cm.
D. 8.8 cm.
( )3. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3.
A. They want to become taller.
B. They are known for being short.
C. They are as short as their parents.
D. They are taller than native Americans.
( )4. What does the underlined word “impact” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Agreement.
B. Influence.
C. Operation.
D. Opinion.
( )5. What is the passage mainly about
A. The amazing variants of genes.
B. The height of people in Peru.
C. The differences of height around the world.
D. The latest studies of human genes.
（三）
The first World Report on Vision (视力) by the World Health Organization (WHO) came out on October 10th, 2019. According to the report, near-sightedness (近视) is an alarming problem among young adults. In the United States, about 40% of young adults are near-sighted. But this situation pales compared with that of young adults in China.
China Daily reported more serious vision problems in China in 2019. In the report, 80% senior high school students are near-sighted, followed by 71.6% in junior high school, 36% in primary school and 14% of 6-year-olds in kindergarten. This is a shocking fact to the society. What causes this eyesight problem Besides family history, there are some other reasons, such as not having enough outdoor activities, being short of enough sleep and too much use of electronic products.
However, many young people don’t take near-sightedness seriously. They think that it is easy to solve the problem with the help of eye drops, clever glasses, contact lenses or eye operations. And some young people even think that it is cool to wear glasses. But the real facts are not like that. Although glasses, contact lenses and other ways may help solve the problem of the near-sightedness, they are lifelong expenses. Not every family can afford them. What’s more, serious near-sightedness can cause other eye diseases in middle age, some of which can even cause loss of vision.
It is time for us to take action to protect our eyesight. Go out and do more outdoor exercise. Have enough sleep and useless electronic product. Good eyesight is priceless. So let’s try our best to take care of our eyesight.
1．In China, near-sightedness seems to be the most serious among .
A．kindergarten kids B．primary school students
C．junior high school students D．senior high school students
2．The reasons for the near-sightedness include .
①family history ②wearing glasses everyday ③being short of sleep ④not having enough outdoor activities
⑤too much use of electronic products
A．①③④⑤ B．②③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．①②③④
3．The underlined word “pales” in Paragraph 1 means “ ”.
A．seems more serious B．seems less serious
C．seems more exciting D．seems less exciting
4．According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that .
A．all people think near-sightedness is a serious problem
B．eye drops, clever glasses and contact lenses are actually useless
C．it is easy for families to afford glasses or contact lenses
D．people might lose their vision if near-sightedness is not well treated
5．The purpose of the passage is to .
A．introduce World Report on Vision to readers
B．explain the possible reasons for near-sightedness
C．call on people to take good care of their eyesight
D．comp are the near-sighted problems in different countries
（四）
We all know that there are two versions of written Chinese characters. People in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan use traditional characters. And on the Chinese mainland people write with simplified ones.
However, at this year's Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC), well-known film director Feng Dagang suggested that schools should teach students 50—200 of the most meaningful traditional Chinese characters. He thought traditional characters always had special meanings.
Take two simplified characters as an example, “亲” (meaning dear, or relatives) and “爱” (meaning love). The traditional version for “亲” is “親”, which has an extra “見” meaning “see”; while “爱” is written as “愛” in the traditional way, which has an extra “心” meaning “heart”. “Love needs ‘heart’ and relatives need to ‘see’ each other,” Feng said. “The simplified versions of these characters have lost their human touch.” “It doesn't mean that we abandon the simplified characters. We can learn simplified characters and let the children know about the most important part of traditional Chinese culture at the same time,” Feng added.
Some people hold the objective(客观的) opinion, some people hold the supportive opinion and others hold the opposite opinion. “Learning traditional Chinese characters will also help people better understand Chinese historical works written in traditional characters,” said Lu Bo, editor-in-chief of Macao Daily News. However, many people think simplified characters are easier to learn and write, and people have got used to them.
“Traditional Chinese characters are too hard for beginners and students don't have the language environment outside the classroom,” Zhang Jian, a Guangzhou primary school teacher, told the Yangcheng Evening News. “Moreover, simplified characters come from the traditional ones, which means they can also improve and keep traditional culture,” said Chinese character expert Dang Huixing.
( )1. How does the writer develop Paragraph 3
A. By telling stories. 　　
B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers. 　　
D. By explaining reasons.
( )2. What does the underlined word “abandon” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Give up. 　　
B. Care for. 　　
C. Agree on. 　　
D. Find out.
( )3.Which of the following shows the writer's attitude towards learning traditional Chinese characters
A. Angry. 　　
B. Worried. 　　
C. Objective. 　　
D. Opposite.
( )4. What is the passage mainly about
A. How to spread traditional culture.
B. How to learn simplified characters.
C. Reasons of learning traditional characters.
D. Different ideas of learning traditional characters.

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