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高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（医学类）
词汇解析：
1. disable (v.) /d s e bl/ 使...失去能力
例句：The accident disabled him for life. (这次事故让他终身残疾。)
同义词：impair, cripple
反义词：enable
2. transplant (vt./vi./n.) / tr nspl nt/ 移植 (器官/植物)；移居
例句：The doctors transplanted a new heart into the patient. (医生给病人移植了一颗新的心脏。)
同义词 (v.)：graft
搭配：transplant surgery (移植手术)
3. prescribe (vt./vi.) /pr skra b/ 开药方；规定，命令
例句：The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the infection. (医生开了抗生素来治疗感染。)
同义词 (vt.)：order, recommend
搭配：prescribe medication (开药)
4. diagnose (vt./vi.) / da ɡno z/ 诊断 (疾病)；判断
例句：The doctor diagnosed her with pneumonia. (医生诊断她患有肺炎。)
同义词：identify, determine
搭配：diagnose a disease (诊断疾病)
5. soothe (v.) /su / 缓和，使...安静，安慰
例句：The nurse soothed the crying child. (护士安慰了哭泣的孩子。)
同义词：calm, comfort
搭配：soothe pain (缓解疼痛)
6. alleviate (vt.) / li vie t/ 减轻，使...缓和
例句：The medication alleviated her symptoms. (药物减轻了她的症状。)
同义词：reduce, relieve
搭配：alleviate suffering (减轻痛苦)
7. chronic (adj.) / kr n k/ 长期的，慢性的，惯常的
例句：He suffers from chronic back pain. (他患有慢性背痛。)
同义词：persistent, long-term
反义词：acute
搭配：chronic disease (慢性病)
8. dizzy (adj.) / d zi/ 晕眩的, 傻的, (速度)极快的, 困惑的
例句：She felt dizzy and lightheaded. (她感到头晕目眩。)
同义词：giddy, lightheaded
搭配：feel dizzy (感到头晕)
9. resistant (adj./n.) /r z st nt/ 抵抗的，反抗的；抵抗者
例句：The bacteria is resistant to antibiotics. (这种细菌对抗生素有耐药性。)
同义词：immune, opposed
搭配：antibiotic-resistant bacteria (抗生素耐药细菌)
10. immune (adj./n.) / mju n/ 免疫的；免疫者
例句：She is immune to chickenpox. (她对水痘免疫。)
同义词：resistant, protected
搭配：immune system (免疫系统)
11. disorder (n./vt.) /d s rd r/ 杂乱，混乱；扰乱
例句：The patient suffers from a sleep disorder. (病人患有睡眠障碍。)
同义词 (n.)：disease, illness
搭配：eating disorder (饮食失调)
12. discomfort (n./vt.) /d s k mf rt/ 不便之处，不适；使不适
例句：She experienced some discomfort after the surgery. (手术后她感到有些不适。)
同义词 (n.)：pain, ache
搭配：cause discomfort (造成不适)
13. syndrome (n.) / s ndr m/ 综合征，综合症状；（不良情况的）典型表现，典型行为
例句：Down syndrome is a genetic disorder. (唐氏综合症是一种遗传疾病。)
搭配：chronic fatigue syndrome (慢性疲劳综合症)
14. handicap (n./vt.) / h ndik p/ 障碍赛,障碍; 加障碍物，妨碍
例句：His disability is a handicap in finding a job. (他的残疾是他找工作的障碍。)
同义词 (n.)：disadvantage, impairment
搭配：physical handicap (身体障碍)
15. strain (n./vt./vi.) /stre n/ 张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘；拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力
例句：She strained a muscle in her back. (她背部肌肉拉伤了。)
同义词 (n.)：tension, stress
搭配：muscle strain (肌肉拉伤)
16. surgeon (n.) / s rd n/ 外科医生
例句：The surgeon performed the operation successfully. (外科医生成功地进行了手术。)
搭配：brain surgeon (脑外科医生)
17. physician (n.) /f z n/ 内科医生
例句：She consulted a physician about her headaches. (她就她的头痛咨询了医生。)
同义词：doctor
搭配：family physician (家庭医生)
18. pregnancy (n.) / preɡn nsi/ 怀孕
例句：She announced her pregnancy to her family. (她向家人宣布了她怀孕的消息。)
搭配：early pregnancy (早期妊娠)
19. remedy (n./vt.) / rem di/ 药物，治疗法，补救; 治疗，补救，矫正
例句：There is no easy remedy for this problem. (这个问题没有简单的解决办法。)
同义词 (n.)：cure, treatment
搭配：home remedy (家庭疗法)
20. bacteria (n.) /b k t ri / 细菌
例句：Bacteria can cause many diseases. (细菌可以引起许多疾病。)
搭配：harmful bacteria (有害细菌)
21. stress (n./vt./v.) /stres/ 紧张，压力；强调，着重；负载
例句：Stress can affect your health. (压力会影响你的健康。)
同义词 (n.)：tension, pressure
搭配：reduce stress (减轻压力)
22. absentminded (adj.) / bs nt ma nd d/ 心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的
例句：He was so absentminded that he forgot his keys. (他心不在焉，以至于忘记了钥匙。)
同义词：forgetful, preoccupied
23. bandage (n.) / b nd d / 绷带
例句：The nurse applied a bandage to the wound. (护士在伤口上敷了绷带。)
搭配：apply a bandage (敷绷带)
24. stroke (n./vt./vi.) /stro k/ 中风；冲程；笔画；打击；尝试；轻抚；抚摸；敲击；划尾桨；划掉；击球；作尾桨手；敲击键盘
例句：He suffered a stroke last year. (他去年中风了。)
搭配：have a stroke (中风)
25. capsule (n./vt./adj.) / k psju l/ 荚膜, 胶囊, 简缩, 太空舱；装入胶囊，简缩，概括；精简的，小巧的
例句：She swallowed the capsule with a glass of water. (她用一杯水吞下了胶囊。)
搭配：vitamin capsule (维生素胶囊)
26. pill (n./vt./vi.) /p l/ 药丸，无法逃避的讨厌事，屈辱事；服用药丸，把...制成药丸，被抢劫；起球粒，成丸状，阶段性完成
例句：He takes a pill for his headache every morning. (他每天早上吃一片药来治疗头痛。)
搭配：birth control pill (避孕药)
27. tablet (n.) / t bl t/ 药片, 匾, 片状物
例句：The doctor gave her some tablets for her cough. (医生给了她一些药片治疗咳嗽。)
同义词：pill
搭配：pain relief tablet (止痛片)
28. scar (n./vt./vi.) /skɑ r/ 疤痕，伤痕，断崖；结疤，使...有伤痕，痊愈
例句：The scar on her arm was a reminder of the accident. (她手臂上的伤疤提醒着她那次事故。)
搭配：leave a scar (留下伤疤)
练习：
一、语法填空。
The old man is too ______ (weak) to carry the heavy box.
The company is ______ (willing) to offer you a higher salary if you are qualified.
She ______ (wipe) away her tears and continued her speech.
He ______ (win) the first prize in the National English Speech Contest.
The ______ (wide) use of computers has greatly changed our life.
______ (with) the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient.
It is ______ (worthwhile) spending time with your family.
I ______ (wonder) if you could help me with my English study.
We ______ (warn) the children not to play near the river.
The waste of food is a serious problem that needs to be ______ (solve).
二、单句改错。
He is very interested in Chinese culture and wishes to visit China one day.
The doctor prescribed her some medicine and told her to take it three time a day.
I wonder that he will come to the party or not.
She is a very careful person, so she seldom makes mistakes in her work.
With a lot of work to do, he had no time to have a rest.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
医生诊断他患有肺炎。(diagnose...with)
The doctor ______ him ______ pneumonia.
移植手术很成功。(transplant surgery)
The ______ ______ was successful.
他因车祸导致残疾。(disable)
He was ______ by the car accident.
这种药可以缓解疼痛。(alleviate)
This medicine can ______ pain.
由于环境污染，许多人患有呼吸疾病。(disorder)
______ ______ environmental pollution, many people suffer from respiratory ______.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
尽管他很富有，但他并不快乐。(although)
我想知道明天是否会下雨。(wonder)
老师经常提醒我们上课要认真听讲。(remind sb. to do sth.)
这部电影值得一看。(be worth doing)
由于天气原因，航班延误了。(due to)
五、阅读理解
（一）
Passage 1: Advancements in Cancer Treatment
Cancer, a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread, remains a major public health challenge worldwide. However, advancements in medical research and technology have led to significant improvements in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Early detection plays a crucial role in successful cancer treatment. Screening tests, such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer, can help identify cancer at an early stage when it is more likely to be curable. Diagnostic imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT scans, provide detailed images of the body, allowing physicians to precisely locate and assess tumors.
Treatment options for cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the most common forms of treatment. Surgery aims to remove the tumor, while radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
Newer treatments, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, offer promising results for certain types of cancer. Targeted therapy drugs specifically target the molecular changes that drive cancer growth, while immunotherapy helps to boost the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.
Despite these advancements, challenges remain. Cancer treatment can be expensive and have significant side effects. Additionally, some cancers remain difficult to treat. However, ongoing research and clinical trials offer hope for further progress in the fight against cancer.
1.What is the main focus of the passage
(A) The causes of cancer
(B) The challenges of cancer treatment
(C) Advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment
(D) The history of cancer research
2.Which of the following is NOT a common cancer treatment
(A) Surgery
(B) Chemotherapy
(C) Radiation therapy
(D) Acupuncture
3.What is the goal of targeted therapy
(A) To boost the body's immune system
(B) To prevent the spread of cancer cells
(C) To target specific molecular changes in cancer cells
(D) To reduce the side effects of chemotherapy
4.Which word in the passage is closest in meaning to “identify”
(A) Locate
(B) Assess
(C) Detect
(D) Cure
5.What is the author's view on the future of cancer treatment
(A) Pessimistic
(B) Hopeful
(C) Uncertain
(D) Indifferent
Passage 2: The Impact of Stress on Health
Stress, a natural response to challenging or demanding situations, can have both positive and negative effects on health. In small doses, stress can be motivating and help us perform better under pressure. However, chronic stress, or stress that is persistent and overwhelming, can take a toll on both physical and mental health.
Physically, chronic stress can manifest in a variety of ways. It can lead to headaches, muscle tension, fatigue, and digestive problems. Stress can also weaken the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections. Furthermore, chronic stress has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke.
Mentally, chronic stress can contribute to anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating. It can also disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and fatigue. Furthermore, stress can lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as overeating, smoking, or substance abuse, which can further exacerbate health problems.
Managing stress is essential for maintaining good health. Effective stress management techniques include regular exercise, relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga, spending time in nature, and connecting with loved ones. If stress becomes overwhelming, seeking professional help from a therapist or counselor can be beneficial.
1.What is the main purpose of the passage
(A) To explain the causes of stress
(B) To discuss the effects of stress on health
(C) To promote stress management techniques
(D) To compare different types of stress
2.What is one physical symptom of chronic stress
(A) Increased creativity
(B) Improved memory
(C) Enhanced physical coordination
(D) Fatigue
3.How can stress weaken the immune system
(A) By increasing inflammation
(B) By causing hormonal imbalances
(C) By disrupting sleep patterns
(D) All of the above
4.What is one unhealthy coping mechanism for stress mentioned in the passage
(A) Exercise
(B) Meditation
(C) Substance abuse
(D) Spending time in nature
5.What does the author suggest for managing stress
(A) Avoiding all stressful situations
(B) Using medication to suppress stress responses
(C) Implementing healthy lifestyle changes and stress-reducing techniques
(D) Ignoring stress and hoping it will go away
Passage 3: Understanding Mental Health Disorders
Mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, are common and can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. These disorders can manifest in a variety of ways, including changes in mood, behavior, and thinking patterns. While the exact causes of mental health disorders are complex and often involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors, there are effective treatments available.
One common mental health disorder is anxiety, characterized by excessive worry, fear, and nervousness. People with anxiety disorders may experience physical symptoms such as sweating, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Depression, another prevalent mental health disorder, is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania, characterized by elevated mood and energy levels, and episodes of depression.
Treatment for mental health disorders often involves a combination of therapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their symptoms. Medication, such as antidepressants or mood stabilizers, can help to regulate brain chemistry and alleviate symptoms.
It is important to seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with a mental health disorder. With proper treatment and support, individuals with mental health disorders can lead fulfilling and productive lives.
1.What is the primary purpose of the passage
(A) To describe the symptoms of common mental health disorders
(B) To explain the causes of mental health disorders
(C) To promote awareness and understanding of mental health disorders
(D) To advocate for increased funding for mental health research
2.Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anxiety
(A) Excessive worry
(B) Difficulty concentrating
(C) Loss of appetite
(D) Rapid heartbeat
3.What is one characteristic of bipolar disorder
(A) Persistent feelings of sadness
(B) Extreme shifts in mood and energy levels
(C) Excessive worry and fear
(D) Social withdrawal and isolation
4.What type of therapy is commonly used to treat mental health disorders
(A) Physical therapy
(B) Occupational therapy
(C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
(D) Speech therapy
5.What is the author's main message regarding mental health disorders
(A) They are incurable.
(B) They are a sign of weakness.
(C) They are treatable with professional help.
(D) They are only experienced by a small minority of people.
Passage 4: The Importance of Vaccination
Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions in history, preventing millions of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Vaccines work by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and fight specific diseases. They typically contain weakened or inactive forms of viruses or bacteria, which trigger an immune response without causing the full-blown illness.
Childhood vaccination programs have been particularly successful in controlling and even eradicating diseases such as polio, measles, and mumps. These programs have led to a significant decline in childhood mortality and morbidity. Vaccines are not only important for children but also for adults. Certain vaccines, such as the influenza vaccine and the tetanus booster, are recommended for adults to maintain immunity and protect against potentially serious illnesses.
While vaccines are generally safe and effective, they can cause mild side effects, such as soreness at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. These side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own. In rare cases, vaccines can cause more serious adverse reactions, but the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.
Despite the overwhelming evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of vaccines, vaccine hesitancy remains a concern. Misinformation and mistrust of science can lead some individuals to delay or refuse vaccinations for themselves or their children. This can have serious consequences, as it can lead to outbreaks of preventable diseases.
Questions:
1.What is the main topic of the passage
(A) The history of vaccination
(B) The risks and benefits of vaccination
(C) The science behind how vaccines work
(D) The controversy surrounding vaccines
2.How do vaccines work
(A) By killing viruses and bacteria
(B) By stimulating the body's immune system
(C) By preventing the spread of disease
(D) By treating the symptoms of disease
3.What is one potential side effect of vaccination
(A) Chronic pain
(B) Fever
(C) Organ damage
(D) Cancer
4.at is vaccine hesitancy
(A) The fear of needles
(B) The delay or refusal of vaccination
(C) The belief that vaccines are ineffective
(D) The high cost of vaccines
5.at is the author's view on vaccination
(A) It is unnecessary.
(B) It is dangerous.
(C) It is beneficial.
(D) It is controversial.
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
weak (形容词修饰名词，用形容词)
willing (be willing to do sth. 固定搭配)
wiped (根据语境，动作已完成，用过去式)
won (win的过去式)
wide (形容词修饰名词，用形容词)
With (with + 名词/代词 + doing sth. 伴随状语)
worthwhile (it is worthwhile to do sth. 固定搭配)
wonder (wonder if/whether... 固定搭配)
warned (根据语境，动作已完成，用过去式)
solved (need to be done, need 后面接动词的被动形式)
二、单句改错。
wishes → hopes (wish 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，hope 表示对将来的期望)
time → times (three times a day 一天三次)
that → whether/if (wonder 后面接if/whether 引导的宾语从句)
careful → careless (根据句意，此处应为“粗心”）
With → With so much (with 复合结构，此处应用 so much 修饰 work)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
diagnosed, with (diagnose sb. with sth. 诊断某人患有...)
transplant, surgery
disabled (disable sb. 使某人残疾)
alleviate (alleviate pain 缓解疼痛)
Due to, respiratory, disorders (due to 由于； respiratory 呼吸的；disorder 疾病)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
Although he is rich, he is not happy.
I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow.
The teacher often reminds us to listen carefully in class.
The film is worth watching/seeing.
The flight was delayed due to the weather.
五、阅读理解
Passage 1: Advancements in Cancer Treatment
C (原文首段提到：“However, advancements in medical research and technology have led to significant improvements in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.” 因此，文章主要关注癌症诊断和治疗方面的进展。)
D (原文第三段列举了癌症的常见治疗方法：“Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the most common forms of treatment.” 而针灸并未提及。)
C (原文第四段解释了靶向治疗的作用：“Targeted therapy drugs specifically target the molecular changes that drive cancer growth” ，即靶向治疗针对的是癌细胞中特定的分子变化。)
C (原文第二段提到筛查测试可以“help identify cancer at an early stage”，其中“identify” 的意思是“发现”或“检测”。)
B (原文最后一段指出：“Despite these advancements, challenges remain… However, ongoing research and clinical trials offer hope for further progress in the fight against cancer.” 尽管存在挑战，但作者对癌症治疗的未来仍持乐观态度。)
Passage 2: The Impact of Stress on Health
B (文章第一段明确指出要讨论压力对健康的影响：“stress can have both positive and negative effects on health.”)
D (原文第二段列举了慢性压力的几种身体症状，其中包括：“fatigue”。)
D (原文第二段解释了压力削弱免疫系统的几种方式：“Stress can also weaken the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections. Furthermore, chronic stress has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke.” 这些方式包括增加炎症、导致荷尔蒙失衡和扰乱睡眠模式。)
C (原文第三段提到：“stress can lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as overeating, smoking, or substance abuse”。)
C (原文第四段建议通过“regular exercise, relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga, spending time in nature, and connecting with loved ones”等方式来管理压力，并指出寻求专业人士的帮助也是有益的。)
Passage 3: Understanding Mental Health Disorders
C (文章首段指出心理健康障碍很常见，并概述了这些障碍的表现形式，说明文章旨在提高人们对心理健康障碍的认识和理解。)
C (文章列举了焦虑的几种症状，包括过度担忧、恐惧、紧张、出汗、心跳加快和呼吸困难，但没有提到食欲不振。)
B (文章明确指出，双相情感障碍的特点是“extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels”。)
C (文章指出，认知行为疗法 (CBT) 可以帮助个人识别和改变导致其症状的负面思维模式和行为。)
C (文章最后一段强调了寻求专业帮助的重要性，并指出通过适当的治疗和支持，患有心理健康障碍的人可以过上充实而富有成效的生活。)
Passage 4: The Importance of Vaccination
B (文章主要围绕疫苗接种的益处和风险展开，探讨了疫苗的作用机制、重要性、潜在副作用和疫苗犹豫等问题。)
B (原文第一段解释了疫苗的作用机制：“Vaccines work by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and fight specific diseases.” )
B (原文第三段提到疫苗接种的轻微副作用，其中包括“fever”。)
B (原文第四段解释了“vaccine hesitancy” 指的是“delay or refusal of vaccination”。)
C (文章强调了疫苗接种的安全性和有效性，并指出疫苗接种在控制和消除疾病方面取得了显著成效，这表明作者认为疫苗接种是有益的。)

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