资源简介

(共27张PPT)
Unit 5 The Value of Money
Discovering Useful Structures
——Express modality and talk about future events in the past
情态动词&过去将来时
1. To learn about the different functions of modal verbs.
2. To be able to talk about future events in the past using “would do” and “was / were going to do”.
Leading-in
May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
I can't say that I have
any plans.
You mustn't worry about that.
Could you offer me work here
Read the sentences below and think about:
What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs
I. Review of modal verbs
一、情态动词的语法特征
情态动词可以表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、
允许、能力等。
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
3.情态动词必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。
4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
Modal verbs have many functions as follows:
A. necessity B. possibility C. obligation
D. request E. advice F. intention
需要 可能 职责/义务
要求 建议 意图
情态动词的功能
1.只作情态动词的：
2. 可情态可实义的：
3. 可情态可助动词的:
4. 相当于情态动词的:
情态动词的分类
can/could, may/might, ought to, must
need, dare
shall/should, will/would
have to, used to
情态动词 否定式 缩略形式
can
could
may
might
shall
should
情态动词 否定式 缩略形式
will
would
must needn’t
don’t have to
mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许
had better
ought to
can not/
cannot
can't
could not
couldn't
may not
/
might not
mightn't
shall not
shan't
should not
shouldn't
will not
would not
need not
do not have to
had better not
ought not to
won't
wouldn't
oughtn't
/
1. 表示能力，常译为“会，能”。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
He can ride a bike now, but he couldn’t a few weeks ago.
2. 表示可能性。can多用于否定句和疑问句中，但也可用在肯定句中；could表示过去的可能，多用于间接引语中。
1) That can’t be Mary — she has gone to school.
2) I told the boss that I couldn’t finish the work in such a short time.
一、can/could
3. 表示请求或允许，译为“可以”。表示此意时，用could语气更委婉。
- Can/Could I borrow your bike
- Yes, you can.
【拓展】
1) 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度 (主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中)。
Can hard work change a person that much
2) can亦可表示“有时会”。
You can be very naughty.
1. 表示说话人的猜测，意为“或许；可能”。might表示的可能性比may小。
You’d better take an umbrella. It may/might rain.
2. 用来提出问题，问可不可以。用might时语气更委婉。
Might/May we use your typewriter for a little while
3. 表示“可以”。作此用法时，might是may的过去式。
1) You may come if you wish.
2) The boy asked his mother if he might go to play basketball.
二、may/might
1. 表示习惯性动作。will指现在，would指过去。
1) Fish will die without water.
2) He would get up early when he lived in the country.
2. 表示请求、建议等。用would比用will委婉、客气。
Will/Would you please pass me that book
【拓展】
表示意愿或意志。will表现在，would表过去。
1) I will help you if you need me.
2) He said he would help you if you needed him.
三、will/would
四、shall/should
◆ shall
1. 用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
This room is so dirty. Shall we clean it
2. 用于第二、三人称，表示法律等条文中的规定或说话人的决心、给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
◆ should
1. 用于第一人称疑问句询问对方的意愿，但语气更委婉温和。
Should I open the window
2. 表示劝告、建议、命令、责任或义务。
No matter who you are, you should observe the law.
3. 表示推测或可能性。
You should be hungry after the long walk.
【拓展】 should还可表示意外、惊讶等，意为“竟会，竟然会”。
It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake.
1. must表示义务、必要性、命令，意为“必须”。否定式mustn’t表示“不准；禁止”。
We must do everything step by step.
2. must表示推测，意为“想必；准是；一定”，只用于肯定句，否定句用can’t。
1) After such a long walk, you must be tired.
2) - My house is near a busy street.
- It can’t be very quiet.
【拓展】 表示与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感彩，可译为“一定要；偏偏；非得”。
If you must know, her name is Mary.
五、must/can’t
六、have to的用法
have to表示“不得不，必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化。否定式为don’t have to。
1) There are so many mistakes in his article that he has to rewrite it.
2) You don’t have to buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
【比较】must和have to
表示“不得不、必须”时，have to与must意思
上很接近。但must常表示说话人的主观看法；而have to一般强调客观需要。
1) I’m very tired. I must sit down and have a rest.
2) I have to hurry up now. I have a train to catch.
七、ought to的用法
ought to表示“应该；应当 ”，可以表示有责任或义务而做某事。没有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式为 ought not to。
1) They ought to apologize.
2) Such things ought not to be allowed.
3) He oughtn't to have been driving so fast.
【比较】ought to 和should
ought to与should一般来说，两者可以互换，只是ought to的语气略强。另外，表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事，通常用ought to；若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
1) You are older brother. You ought to take care of your little sister.
2) You should not waste time in watching TV.
八、had better 的用法
had better，“最好”，缩写为“’d better”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。
1)It's half past two. I think we had better go
home.
否定形式为had better not，疑问句中had better的否定形式有两种：
Hadn’t +主语 +better + V原形 +...
Had + 主语 + better not +V原形 +…
1) You had better not talk with strangers.
2) Hadn’t you better go with them
3) Had we better not go
情态动词表推测：
情态动词+do推测现在或将来发生的动作或状态；
情态动词+be doing 推测正在进行的动作获状态；
情态动词+have done推测过去发生的动作或状态。
1) Tim must have a car now.
他一定有辆小汽车。
2) He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.
他一定正在教室做练习。
3) He must have finished the work, for he is chatting with his classmates happily.
他一定已经完成了作业，因为他正在跟同事快乐地聊天。
情态动词的特殊用法
对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：
must be /do (现在或将来)
must be doing (说话时正在进行)
must have done (已发生的或状态)
对否定情况的推测：
can /could not be /do (现在或将来)
can /could not be doing (正在发生的动作)
can /could not have done (过去的动作或状态)
对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：
may/might (not) be/do (现在或将来)
may/might (not) be doing (说话时正在发生动作)
may/might (not) have done (已发生的动作或状态)
(1) could/might have done
本来能够做的事却没做
He could have worked out the problem.
(2) should/ought to have done
本来应该做而实际上未做
I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.
(3) ought not to have done /shouldn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了
I’m very sorry for the words I shouldn’t have said to you at that moment.
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might
had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ________ you do First, and most importantly, you ________stay calm. Fear _____ cause you to become confused. You need to think
may
should
must
can
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might
had better would should
clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life.
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
定义：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
基本结构：
1) would/should (not)+V原形
2) was/were (not) going to+V原形
3) was/were (not) to + V原形
4) was/were about to + V原形
5) was/were +V-ing
过去将来时
1. I asked him if Peter would arrive the next day.
2. She told me she was going to post the parcel.
3. We were about to go there when it begin to rain.
4. She didn't say when she was coming again next time.
5. I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
6. We were to have been married last year.
1. would/should+动词原形
2. was/were going to+动词原形
*与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原形有打算、计划的含义。
3. was/were about to + 动词原形
4. go, come, leave, start, meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
5. was/were to do; 表示曾经计划做某事，并且从现在看已经实现。
当表示“原计划做某事但是最终未发生”，用was/were to have done.
Task4：Both “would do” and “was/were going to do” can be talk about future events or intentions in the past.
Complete the following sentences that describe the future in the past.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phadom of the Opera. He ______________________________ (watch) this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David ________________ _________________ (play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
would watch / was going to watch
would play /
was going to play
3. Lily decided that she ______________________________ (settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy. I _______________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I don't have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ___________ (win) the Best Actor award.
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ______________________ (be) on duty at the library this afternoon.
would settle / was going to settle
was going to call
would win
would be / was going to be
Finish the exercises about the modal verbs and the past future tense（小册子《课时评价作业15》）.

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