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专题01 阅读理解（第07期）-2024届江苏高考模拟试题分项汇编
阅读理解（2024·江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研（一））
Join the Sydney City Library1. Create a City of Sydney account and join the library
Experience greater security and access to our library and other services by joining with a City of Sydney account. Your City of Sydney account uses your email address and a password as the login (登录). You’ll be able to use the same login to access other City of Sydney services.
① Go to the library online catalogue (目录) and select Join
② Select Create an account and follow the instructions
③ When the account is created, select Join the library2. Join the library without an email address
If you don’t have an email address you can still join the library.
① Go to the library online catalogue and select Join
② Select Create an account and then the option I don’t have an email
③ Follow the prompts to complete the library membership form3. Activate (激活) your membership
To ensure your full membership and collect your library card, visit a branch open for browsing and borrowing. You need to show proof of identity and permanent residential address. Official documents such as a driver licence, student card, bank statement or rates are accepted.
Applicants under 18 years old
A parent or guardian is required to approve your application. They need to visit a branch with you to show proof of identity, including their residential address and medicare card listing your name. For online memberships this proof of identity should be emailed to librarymemberships@cityofsydney. nsw. gov. au
1．What’s the benefit of having a City of Sydney account
A．You can spend less money. B．You can borrow more books.
C．You can enjoy safer access. D．You can log in without a password.
2．What do you need to activate your membership
A．Library card. B．Email address.
C．Identity documents. D．Bank password.
3．What is this text
A．A guide. B．A poster. C．A report. D．A notice.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加入悉尼市图书馆的具体流程，以及如何激活会员资格。
1．细节理解题。根据文章“Create a City of Sydney account and join the library”部分中的“Experience greater security and access to our library and other services by joining with a City of Sydney account.(通过创建悉尼市账户，您可以体验更高的安全性和获取图书馆及其他服务的权限。)”可知，通过创建悉尼市账户，您可以体验更高的安全性。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章“Activate (激活) your membership”部分中的“To ensure your full membership and collect your library card, visit a branch open for browsing and borrowing. You need to show proof of identity and permanent residential address. Official documents such as a driver licence, student card, bank statement or rates are accepted.(要确保成为正式会员并领取借书证，请到开放的分馆浏览和借阅。你需要出示身份证明和永久居住地址。官方文件，如驾照、学生证、银行对账单或利率均可接受。)”可知，如果想要激活会员资格，你需要出示身份证明和永久居住地址。官方文件，如驾照、学生证、银行对账单或利率均可接受。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章提供了一系列详细的步骤和说明，指导读者如何加入悉尼市图书馆，包括创建账户、选择加入方式、激活会员资格以及特定情况下的要求等。这种结构清晰、目的明确的文本通常被称为“指南”或“操作指南”，旨在为读者提供具体的指导，帮助他们完成某项任务或了解某个主题。故选A。
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton, a psychologist at Harvard Business School. He has published several studies on the effects of giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people, the researchers randomly assigned participants to make either a purchase for themselves, or for a stranger. Afterwards, the participants reported how happy they felt. Turns out, giving to others led to a significant happiness boost, whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day to day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give back. Reciprocity(互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround ourselves with generous people, we tend to feel the same. Feeling that spirit of giving and the connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
4．Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1
A．To make a prediction. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To present a reason. D．To clarify a concept.
5．How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comments. D．By telling personal experiences.
6．Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore
A．It’s difficult and expensive. B．It happens frequently.
C．It’s not valued by others. D．It requires much effort.
7．What can we learn about giving gifts from the text
A．It is not worth the effort.
B．It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C．It brings about emotional benefits.
D．It gains popularity during holidays.
【答案】4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了给予能够带来幸福。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.(我从小就听说给予总比接受好，年纪越大，我就越想把这个信息牢记在心。然而，在节日期间，我因尚未购买的礼物而倍感压力。)”可知，第一段讲述了虽然作者明白给予比接受好，但在节日期间自己总是因为买礼物的事情感到很有压力。接着第二段“How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.(买礼物是如何成为一件令人情绪紧张的苦差事的？有一段时间，人们很容易质疑这是否值得。但科学告诉我，给予让我们感觉良好。)”承上启下，从作者买礼物的经历引出科学表明给予让人感觉良好，结合下文内容可知，本文围绕给予能够带来幸福展开，由此可推测出，第一段提到作者自己的经历是为了引出话题。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第五段““If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”(“如果你今天从口袋里掏出5美元，科学确实表明，在自己身上花5美元对你没有多大帮助，”诺顿说。“但把那5美元花在别人身上更有可能增加你的幸福感。”)”和第六段“Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.(以一条围巾为例。如果你自己买一条，那只是另一件你不一定需要的东西。但如果你给别人买了一条围巾，“你已经向他们表明了他们对你很重要，”诺顿说。无论哪种方式，它都只是一条围巾。“但它既可以是一次性物品，也可以是增进两个人关系的东西，”他说。)”可知，这两段分别以5美元和一条围巾的例子讲述了给予的重要性。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day-to-day demands and other holiday stressors.(因此，有证据表明慷慨会促进幸福，但考虑到我们的日常需求和其他节日压力源，购物、包装和搬礼物的过程可能会令人厌烦，甚至非常烦人。)”可推知，由于准备礼物需要花费精力，所以有时是个苦差事。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.(但科学告诉我，给予让我们感觉良好。)”和第三段中的“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness(给予的行为确实会提高你的幸福感)”可知，给予会让人感觉良好，提升幸福感，由此可推测出，送礼物能够带来情绪上的益处。故选C。
Digital mindfulness is the application of mindfulness practices in your digital life. According to Jon Kabat Zinn, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Medicine School, mindfulness is “a means of paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and non judgmentally”. Here two main key points are emphasized when it comes to mindfulness as a practice in your digital life.
The first point is that you must learn to do things on purpose. For instance, you use your phone as a habitual escape from boredom or stress, which is thought by many as a quick solution to all those negative feelings. But what if you get only negative responses from your phone—the news or posts are negative Instead of finding peace, you find more boredom and more stress. The solution that mindfulness provides is purposeful and intentional choice. Therefore, you are empowered to choose how to respond to the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as boredom, loneliness, and stress and not just treat the symptoms(症状).
The other key is going through the experience non judgmentally. When you feel sad or angry because of a post on social media, all you ever do is to go through the experience and let it flow. At its core, mindfulness involves the acceptance of your memories, feelings, and thoughts minus any judgment on yourself or others because of those things. These feelings, memories, and experiences come and go. After they have passed, you are still you and in control. You will become more aware of your inner world. It’s this internal monologue(独白) that pushes you to grab your digital technology (phone, Alexa speaker, TV, etc.).
Digital mindfulness is not about avoiding the negative things in life. Through mindfulness practice, you regain the power to learn from these experiences and healthily deal with the negative. Mindfulness will also teach you to be aware of all your emotions, so you learn to deal with the things that you used to avoid. Finally, digital mindfulness brings you peace of mind in an ever changing and increasingly connected world.
Now, I would rather prefer to think of it as one of many tools that we can use in our daily life.
8．What does the author suggest readers do when they feel stressed in their digital life
A．Find something interesting to do.
B．Use the phone as a habitual escape.
C．Keep away from the negative responses.
D．Deal with the root cause of the problem.
9．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Negative feelings should be avoided or controlled.
B．Mindfulness involves both acceptance and judgment.
C．Mindfulness helps us fully experience life as it happens.
D．Digital technology is the key to understanding our inner world.
10．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．How Can You Avoid Negative Feelings
B．How Can You Define Digital Mindfulness
C．How Can Digital Mindfulness Help You
D．How Can Digital Mindfulness Harm You
11．What will probably be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Applications of mindfulness in communication.
B．Ways of practising mindfulness in the digital age.
C．Development of mindfulness in medical field.
D．Benefits of practising digital mindfulness in daily life.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字正念练习的两个要点以及数字正念的好处。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The solution that mindfulness provides is purposeful and intentional choice. Therefore, you are empowered to choose how to respond to the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as boredom, loneliness, and stress and not just treat the symptoms(症状).(正念提供的解决方案是有目的和有意的选择。因此，你有权选择如何应对无聊、孤独和压力等情绪背后的刺激因素，而不仅仅是治疗症状。)”可知，作者建议在面对无聊、孤独和压力等情绪时，要应对其背后的根源，而不仅仅是治疗症状。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The other key is going through the experience nonjudgmentally. When you feel sad or angry because of a post on social media, all you ever do is to go through the experience and let it flow. (另一个关键是不带偏见地体验。当你因为社交媒体上的一条帖子而感到悲伤或愤怒时，你所做的就是经历这段经历，让它顺其自然。)”和第三段中的“These feelings, memories, and experiences come and go. After they have passed, you are still you and in control. You will become more aware of your inner world.(这些感受、记忆和经历来来往往。在它们过去之后，你仍然是你自己，并处于控制之中。你会更加了解自己的内心世界。)”可推测出，在进行正念练习时，要不带偏见地体验，顺其自然地经历这段经历，不让感受、记忆和经历控制自己，保持自我，由此可推测出，正念能够帮助我们顺其自然地充分体验生活。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Here two main key points are emphasized when it comes to mindfulness as a practice in your digital life.(当谈到正念作为数字生活中的一种练习时，这里强调了两个主要要点。)”可知，本文围绕数字正念练习时应注意的两个要点展开，只在帮助人们在数字生活中进行正念练习，所以C项“数字正念怎么帮你？”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, I would rather prefer to think of it as one of many tools that we can use in our daily life.(现在，我更愿意把它看作是我们日常生活中可以使用的众多工具之一。)”可知，最后一段谈到作者更愿意把数字正念看作在日常生活中可以使用的一个工具，由此可推测出，接下来文章可能会谈论在数字时代下练习正念的方式。故选B。
New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory (领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.
The study, published in the journal PNAS, found that de horned South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 per cent smaller than those of complete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions.
“The big, dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive (繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, who led the work at Switzerland’s University of Neuch tel.
“It’s really hard to predict the effects of this,” she says. “It doesn’t mean that population success will necessarily decline, because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de horning (去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.
But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive procedure is worthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “No one’s put all the data together to say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the introduction of de horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.”
“It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out — fencing, patrols, staff numbers — and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action. “A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.”
12．What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos
A．To make them less sociable. B．To protect them from being hunted.
C．To reduce their home ranges. D．To affect their reproductive success.
13．What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．The removal of rhino horns. B．The loss of rhino territories.
C．The impact on rhino population. D．The change of rhino behavior.
14．What is Chimes’ attitude toward the de horning of black rhinos
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Uncertain.
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．De horning rhinos shows satisfying effects.
B．Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting.
C．De horning is the last action researchers will take.
D．Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。新研究表明，为了解决偷猎问题而切掉黑犀牛的角会影响黑犀牛的领地面积和它们之间的社交。而对于这种措施是否有利于动物保护，产生了不同的看法。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns(犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory(领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.(新的研究表明，去除黑犀牛的角以降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，会缩小它们的领地面积，减少它们之间的社交能力。)”可知，切除黑犀牛的角是为了降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，保护它们不被非法猎杀。故选B。
13．短语猜测题。根据划线短语invasive procedure前的this可知，这里提到的invasive procedure (侵入性手术)指代作者上文中刚提到的事物，结合上一段中的“Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that dehorning(去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.(事实上，布里斯托大学去年发表的一项研究表明，去角不会对黑犀牛总体数量产生负面影响。)”可知，这里invasive procedure指的是去掉黑犀牛的角。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.”(‘这非常复杂，’布里斯托团队的成员Lucy Chimes说。‘还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。’)”可知，Lucy Chimes没有正面回应切除黑犀牛的角这个问题，而是说偷猎减少这个现象很复杂，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到许多因素，由此可推测，她对切除黑犀牛角的态度不确定。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.(还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。)”可知，在谈到偷猎减少这个问题时，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与等许多因素，由此可推测出，多种不同的因素导致非法偷猎减少。故选B。
阅读理解（2024·江苏省连云港市高三下学期二模）
Ayung River Rafting
About the trip
Explore Ayung River Rafting, the longest river rafting in Ayung River, a white-water rafting! The river is classified to level II to III and your rafting trip will be approximately 2 hours. Our friendly and experienced raft guides will take you on a safe and fun trip. You’ll find a level of professionalism that offers unique insights into Bali’s natural wonders and memorable experiences through the rainforest. Don’t miss out on this unforgettable adventure that showcases the beauty of Ayung River and the excitement and thrills of tackling the rapids of the Ayung River.
Prices
Ayung River Rafting Packages Price
Ayung River Rafting Own Transport IDR 350/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 2, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 550/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 3 – 4, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 485/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 5+, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 430/Person
Tips
●We suggest you bring short pants or a swimsuit, a pair of changing clothes, sunscreen and extra money for drinks and souvenirs (纪念品).
●Steep road lies at the beginning and at the end of the tour, please be ready to walk with reliable shoes!
●Plastic bags for wet clothes are available, but you are advised to bring your own to reduce plastic use.
●Single-use raincoats are available if it rains. However, please bring your own to reduce plastic use.
1．What do we know about Ayung River Rafting
A．It’s an exciting guided adventure.
B．It helps to conserve the rainforest.
C．It offers unique insights into society.
D．It’s operated on the world’s fastest river.
2．What’s the charge for an Ayung River Rafting Group of 4 including Return Hotel Transfer
A．IDR 430. B．IDR 485. C．IDR 1940. D．IDR 2200.
3．What are the tourists advised to wear on a walk
A．Swimsuits. B．Strong shoes. C．Raincoats. D．Wet clothes.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了阿荣河漂流旅游项目，包括漂流的时间、难度、导游服务以及漂流过程中可以欣赏到的自然美景。
1．细节理解题。根据About the trip部分中“Our friendly and experienced raft guides will take you on a safe and fun trip.(我们的友好和经验丰富的救生筏导游将带您进行一次安全而有趣的旅行)”和“Don’t miss out on this unforgettable adventure that showcases the beauty of Ayung River and the excitement and thrills of tackling the rapids of the Ayung River.(不要错过这个令人难忘的冒险，它展示了阿荣河的美丽，和战胜阿荣河急流的兴奋和刺激)”可知，阿荣河是一次令人兴奋的有向导的冒险。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Prices部分表格中第四行“Ayung River Rafting Group of 3 – 4, including Return Hotel Transfer(阿荣河漂流团3-4人，回程包括酒店接送)”和“IDR 485/Person(印尼盾 485 /人)”可知，回程包括酒店接送的4人团需要支付485×4=1940印尼盾。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据Tips部分中“●Steep road lies at the beginning and at the end of the tour, please be ready to walk with reliable shoes!(●旅途的起点和终点都很陡峭，请准备好耐磨的鞋子走路!)”可知，建议游客在走路时穿结实的鞋子。故选B项。
Like many of the Indigenous (土著的) communities across the Australian continent, the remote communities in north-west New South Wales are struggling. Many of the 300 or so residents rely on welfare. Higher electricity bills—up to $3,000 a quarter for some households—further worsen the poverty. They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.
To that end, Anderson and other Indigenous leaders have formed the First Nations Renewable Energy Alliance (FREA) to push for renewable energy in Indigenous communities. They partner with private enterprise to support Indigenous communities looking to switch to renewable energy.
“We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”
Only a handful of Indigenous communities have set up renewable energy projects in Australia. The Indigenous-owned and -operated company AllGrid Energy, for instance, has installed solar panels and battery storage systems to replace diesel (柴油) generators in the communities of Ngurrara and Kurnturlpara in the Northern Territory’s Barkly Tableland. Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.
But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.
One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project. “Our experience is that if we can make it work for one community, it will work in every other community,” Anderson says.
4．What is FREA expected to do for the remote Indigenous communities
A．Increase power supply to them. B．Help them return to their homelands.
C．Shake them off poverty. D．Reduce their higher power costs.
5．What does the author indicate by mentioning AllGrid Energy
A．Renewables projects are inaccessible.
B．Renewables projects are quite workable.
C．Renewables projects can increase locals’ income.
D．Renewables projects can coexist with diesel power plants.
6．What’s paragraph 5 mainly about concerning FREA
A．Its strategies to win over the businesses. B．Its cooperation with community leaders.
C．Its potential conflict with energy companies. D．Its innovation in directing renewables projects.
7．What’s FREA going to do next
A．Consult the experts. B．Select a piloting community.
C．Collect sufficient construction fund. D．Make renewables projects available to all.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．D 7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土著社区推动可再生能源项目，FREA组织助力，避免企业利用贫困获利。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.(他们总是在电力线的末端，所以那里的服务在成本方面是非常高的。这是一个需要解决的实际问题)”以及第三段““We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”(“我们可以在有社区的地方建一座发电站，”安德森说，“这样人们就能在他们想要的环境中成功地生活，并获得电力，使他们能够更好地决定自己的经济未来。”)”可知，FREA期望为偏远的土著社区降低他们更高的电力成本。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.(该系统于2016年5月安装，在安装后的两个月内，人们纷纷搬回自己的家园，社区从只有两名永久居民增长到大约40人)”可推知，作者提到AllGrid Energy是为了说明可再生能源项目相当可行。故选B。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段“But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.(但FREA将更进一步，与社区领导人合作，并充当社区与他们正在打交道的企业之间的渠道。安德森说，这对于避免他们过去看到的掠夺性行为是至关重要的，这些公司“利用贫困心理”来获得优势。FREA已经起草了协议条款，指导公司如何与土著社区合作开展可再生能源项目)”可知，关于FREA，本段谈论的主要内容是它在指导可再生能源项目方面的新方法。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project.( FREA下一步的工作之一将是确定一个可以作为可再生能源项目测试案例的社区)”可知，FREA下一步将会选择一个试点社区。故选B。
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
10．What is the significance of the research finding
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
11．What is the text mainly about
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.(飞蛾发现自己把背向路灯倾斜。这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，飞蛾把背向路灯倾斜，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，故是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. ‘What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临着全球昆虫数量的大幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。
I’m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author’s angle, spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences Do we really have the right to treat animals as me re organ sources for humans So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.
I’ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation. I completely disagree. As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.
12．Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy
A．A school event. B．A news item.
C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.
13．What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy
A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.
C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.
14．What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about
A．Ways of tapping children ‘s intelligence. B．Potential application of fictional stories.
C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book. D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
15．What is Pig Heart Boy
A．An author profile. B．A science fiction novel.
C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation. D．An essay on writing children’s literature.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感创作小说《Pig Heart Boy》的故事。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors.(早在20世纪90年代中期，我在报纸上读到一篇医生写的文章，他猜测我们最终将不得不转向异种移植，作为解决人体器官捐献者缺乏的可能方案)”可知，作者写Pig Heart Boy的灵感来自新闻。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation.(现在有些人认为这个题材不适合儿童，批评异种移植的残忍和不人道的方式)”可知，有些人认为这个器官移植的题材不适合儿童，是因为他们批评这种器官移植的残忍和不人道的方式。可以推断出这些人认为这些器官移植损害了其他动物的权利，故选A。
14．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.(作为一名儿童作家，一些成年人低估了什么题材会引起孩子们的兴趣和刺激，这一直让我感到惊讶。我想写一个没有正确或错误答案的故事，一个让读者站在卡梅伦的立场上思考一下，如果他们也面临他的处境，他们会做出什么决定，以及他们会如何反应的故事)”以及最后一段“Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.(在STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)学科中，探索新思想的虚构故事也可以丰富孩子们的阅读和学习。各种研究表明，阅读小说可以提高孩子掌握新概念的能力。《猪心男孩》是我试图将科学融入一个可信、发人深省的故事)”可知，最后两段主要是讲了支持这本书的证据。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.(在我的故事中，需要心脏移植的卡梅伦知道，除非他得到一个，否则他不可能活到下一个生日，但他的等待名单已经排在很长的一段路了。当一位开拓性的医生提供了一颗转基因猪的心脏时，卡梅伦决定接受它——他的新心脏以意想不到的方式彻底改变了他的生活)”可推知，这本书主要讲述了需要心脏移植的主人公使用了猪的心脏，并且改变了他的命运。故Pig Heart Boy是一部科幻小说。故选B。
阅读理解（2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考）
This year Art- will continue to provide community art guides as we have been doing it for the past 24 years.
Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery
Established in Houston Historic Art District, at Sawyer Yards, Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery with 2,000 square feet features amazing paintings of landscapes and seascapes by impressionistic artists. In addition to hosting artist exhibitions, it provides art consultation services for collectors, designers and art enthusiasts.
Art of the World Gallery
The gallery provides a contemporary, complex and rich cultural experience for art enthusiasts and collectors from all around the world. Directly representing some of the most important living artists from Asia, Europe, and Latin America, Art of the World Gallery is one of the most famous galleries in the state, located in Houston’s finest hotspot for locals and tourists.
Zatista Contemporary and Fine Art
With over 4,000 works from the most talented emerging and established artists, Zatista provides access to the types of works previously only available to seasoned collectors. Buying online with Zatista is easy with their free art consultation, certificates of authenticity (真实性), and a buyer guarantee that allows you to try art in your home with free returns.
John Palmer Fine Art
It’s located in the avenue in the Historic Heights. The combination of a saved 1930’s bungalow (平房) with museum-quality new construction is the perfect atmosphere to showcase the great works of artist John Ross Palmer. John Palmer Fine Art is open by appointment only. You can set an appointment by calling 713-861-6726. We look forward to showing you the beautiful world of John Palmer Fine Art!
1．What is the purpose of Art-
A．Collecting artworks. B．Offering art information.
C．Helping seasoned artists. D．Founding art organizations.
2．What can visitors do in Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery
A．Hold personal exhibitions. B．Obtain authentic certificates.
C．Get a taste of different cultures. D．Appreciate impressionist paintings.
3．What can we learn about John Palmer Fine Art
A．It is in Houston’s best spot. B．It offers art consultation services.
C．It exhibits the works of only one artist. D．It can be visited without an appointment.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在美国休斯敦可以欣赏艺术作品的四个地方。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This year Art- will continue to provide community art guides as we have been doing it for the past 24 years. (今年Art-将继续提供社区艺术指南，就像我们过去24年做的那样)”可知，这个网站的目的是提供社区艺术方面的信息。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery中“Established in Houston Historic Art District, at Sawyer Yards, Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery with 2,000 square feet features amazing paintings of landscapes and seascapes by impressionistic artists. (哈尔沃森美术馆位于休斯敦历史艺术区的Sawyer园区，占地2000平方英尺，以印象派艺术家的风景画和海景画为特色)”可知，哈尔沃森美术馆的参观者可以欣赏印象派的画作。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据John Palmer Fine Art中“The combination of a saved 1930’s bungalow with museum-quality new construction is the perfect atmosphere to showcase the great works of artist John Ross Palmer. (将保存下来的二十世纪三十年代的平房与博物馆品质的新建筑相结合，这是展示艺术家John Ross Palmer伟大作品的完美氛围)”可知，该美术馆只展出一位艺术家的作品。故选C项。
I was attacked by a tiger shark in late October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kauai—a typical fall morning with friends. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.
That is until a large shark came right up under me and sank his teeth into my lower leg. There had been no splashing. no noise, and I felt no pain, only great pressure on my lower body.
Then I followed my instinct: I punched the shark in the face, again and again which happens to be what the expert advice, until the shark released me. As I swam back into shore, I felt my lower right leg spasming(痉挛). When I looked down, I realized it was gone. The shark had bit my lower leg off. My friends rushed to my aid, and rushed me to hospital.
It was another day before the “fog” lifted, at which point I opened my eyes and realized I was in the hospital—a below-the-knee amputee(截肢). For the next few bedridden weeks, I spent time with my family, and considered the future.
As soon as I was given the OK by my doctors, I did what many of us might consider unthinkable: I started riding the waves again. In fact, my first time back was near the site of his attack. I was unshaken and curious—Was it because of the tides The phase of the moon I also recalled that the morning of the attack the water had a fishy smell. Was that what attracted the shark
I was determined to research sharks, and I did learn something that would change my life: Humans are far more dangerous to sharks than the other way around, I tell Reader’s Digest. “I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the demand for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”
My unique situation as a shark survivor empowered me to give sharks a voice. I began working with the Hawaii state legislature to help pass a ban on shark-derived products. I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge senators to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.
4．What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs
A．The missing leg. B．The shark attack.
C．The timely rescue. D．The expert’s advice.
5．Why did the author ride the waves again
A．To go on with his unshaken hobby. B．To figure out why he became a target.
C．To keep track of the phase of the moon. D．To explore why the water had a fishy smell.
6．What did the author find after he recovered
A．Humans tend to ignore the dangers. B．Humans can’t survive without sharks.
C．Sharks pose a greater threat to humans D．Sharks are in urgent need of protection.
7．What does author imply in the last paragraph
A．He is speaking in favor of sharks. B．He argues against the bill about sharks.
C．There is widespread doubt about sharks. D．People should give sharks a preference.
【答案】4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者游泳时遭遇了鲨鱼袭击，右小腿被截肢。恢复后作者对鲨鱼进行研究，发现人类对鲨鱼的威胁远大于鲨鱼对人类的威胁
4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“I was attacked by a tiger shark in late October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kauai—a typical fall morning with friends. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.(1997年10月下旬，我被一条虎鲨袭击。那是在我考艾岛的家附近——一个典型的秋天早晨，和朋友们在一起。海浪真的很好，所以没有什么能阻止我们。)”和第二段“That is until a large shark came right up under me and sank his teeth into my lower leg. There had been no splashing. no noise, and I felt no pain, only great pressure on my lower body.(直到一条大鲨鱼从我身下钻了过来，把牙齿咬进了我的小腿。没有溅水。没有噪音，我没有感到疼痛，只有下半身承受着巨大的压力。)”可知，第一二段主要讲作者被一条虎鲨袭击的经历。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。由文章第五段“I was unshaken and curious—Was it because of the tides The phase of the moon I also recalled that the morning of the attack the water had a fishy smell. Was that what attracted the shark (我毫不动摇地好奇——是因为潮汐吗？月相？我还记得，袭击发生的那天早上，水有一股腥味。这就是吸引鲨鱼的原因吗？)”可知，作者再次冲浪是想弄清楚他为什么会成为鲨鱼攻击的目标的原因。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。由文章第六段“I was determined to research sharks, and I did learn something that would change my life: Humans are far more dangerous to sharks than the other way around, I tell Reader’s Digest. ‘I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the demand for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.’(我下定决心研究鲨鱼，我确实学到了一些会改变我生活的东西：我告诉《读者文摘》，人类对鲨鱼的危险性远高于其它东西。‘我看了一部名为《Sharkwater》的纪录片，了解到人们对鱼翅汤的需求，以及每年仅凭鱼翅就有7000万条鲨鱼被杀死的事实。’)”可知，作者通过研究鲨鱼的现状后发现鲨鱼急需保护。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“My unique situation as a shark survivor empowered me to give sharks a voice. I began working with the Hawaii state legislature to help pass a ban on shark-derived products. I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge senators to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.(作为一名鲨鱼口中的幸存者，我的独特处境使我能够为鲨鱼发声。我开始与夏威夷州立法机构合作，帮助通过一项禁止鲨鱼衍生产品的禁令。我与其他志同道合的鲨鱼袭击幸存者和海洋生物学家合作，前往华盛顿，敦促参议员制定一项全国性的鲨鱼保护法案。)”可知，这段主要讲作者发言支持鲨鱼。故选A项。
Guangdong Dongpo Paper, a paper company in Guangdong Province, China, recently made international headlines for replacing its traditional performance-based employee bonus scheme with another one. To promote a healthy lifestyle among its 100 employees, management decided to reward them based on how much they exercise. For example, an employee will be eligible for a full monthly bonus if they run 50km a month. They will get 60 percent of the bonus for running 40km, and 30 percent for 30km. Running enthusiasts may stand to get up to an 30% bonus if they can prove they ran over 100km in a single month.
“My business can only endure if my employees are healthy,” said Dongpo Paper boss, Lin Zhiyong, adding that he spent the last three years encouraging his employees to enjoy sports and fitness.
The distance run by every employee is tracked by an app on their phones, which also takes into account activities like mountain hiking and speed walking, which can account for 60 and 30 percent respectively of the total exercise required. The program has proven a great success, and Lin Zhiyong himself somewhat of an exercise enthusiast, claims that all employees qualify to get the full bonus.
According to Chinese media, Dongpo Paper employees couldn’t be happier with the new bonus structure, claiming that the company now allows them to “kill two birds with one stone” as they “can get both health and money.” But while the new policy has been getting generally positive feedback online, some netizens it can lead to discrimination.
“The intention of the company’s policy is good but it should take into consideration any existing health issues among its employees,” one person commented online, asking what the policy is for employees who are at risk of heart attacks or are otherwise unable to meet the bonus requirements.
Others accused Guangdong Dongpo Paper of putting its employees’ health at risk by setting very high bonus thresholds for them. Some netizens believe that employees could ruin their knees by chasing these goals.
8．Why does the scheme of Guangdong Dongpo Paper become a hit
A．It favors those who ran 30km most. B．It defines what a healthy lifestyle is.
C．It is based on athletic performances. D．It is to promote a traditional lifestyle.
9．What may Lin Zhiyong agree with
A．When work is a pleasure, life is joy.
B．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
C．Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
D．The health of employees is the wealth of employers.
10．What’s Dongpo Paper employee’s response towards this scheme
A．Cautious. B．Positive.
C．Concerned. D．Negative.
11．What is the major concern on the Internet
A．The employee’s physical conditions. B．The impractical bonus requirements.
C．The slim chance of chasing the goals. D．The risk of developing heart diseases.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲述中国广东省的一家纸业公司广东东坡纸业最近因用基于运动的员工奖金计划取代传统的基于绩效的员工奖金方案而登上国际头条。
8．细节理解题。由文章第一段“To promote a healthy lifestyle among its 100 employees, management decided to reward them based on how much they exercise. For example, an employee will be eligible for a full monthly bonus if they run 50 km a month. They will get 60 percent of the bonus for running 40 km, and 30 percent for 30km. Running enthusiasts may stand to get up to an 30%bonus if they can prove they ran over 100 km in a single month.(为了在100名员工中推广健康的生活方式，管理层决定根据他们的运动量来奖励他们。例如，如果员工每月跑50公里，则有资格获得全额月度奖金。他们跑40公里将获得60%的奖金，跑30公里将获得30%的奖金。如果跑步爱好者能够证明自己在一个月内跑了100多公里，他们可能会获得高达30%的奖金。)”可知，广东东坡纸的员工奖金方案之所以成为热门，是因为它是以运动表现为基础而制定的。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。由文章第二段“My business can only endure if my employees are healthy,(只有我的员工身体健康，我的业务才能持续下去，)”可知，Lin Zhiyong认为只有健康的员工，公司才会有更好的业绩，所以D项The health of employees is the wealth of employers.(雇员的健康是雇主的财富。)符合文意。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。由文章第四段“According to Chinese media, Dongpo Paper employees couldn’t be happier with the new bonus structure, claiming that the company now allows them to ‘kill two birds with one stone’ as they’can get both health and money.’(据中国媒体报道，东坡纸业的员工对新的奖金结构非常满意，他们声称公司现在允许他们‘一举两得’，因为他们‘既能得到健康，又能得到金钱’)”可知，东坡纸业员工对此方案的反应是积极的。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Others accused Guangdong Dongpo Paper of putting its employees’ health at risk by setting very high bonus thresholds for them. Some netizens believe that employees could ruin their knees by chasing these goals.(其他人则指责广东东坡纸业为员工设定了非常高的奖金门槛，从而危及员工的健康。一些网民认为，员工追逐这些目标可能会毁了他们的膝盖。)”可知，互联网上反对该方案的网民主要担心的是员工的身体健康状况。故选A项。
Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away.
With data from weather radars and bird counts an international team of researchers revealed how many birds take off immediately after the start of the fireworks, at what distance from fireworks this occurs and which species groups mainly react. “Birds take off as a result of an acute flight response due to sudden noise and light. We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands, ”says ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam. In the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the researchers therefore argue for large fireworks-free zones.
Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend an average of 10% longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks.
Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2. 5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. “Flying requires a lot of energy, so ideally birds should be disturbed as little as possible during the cold winter months. Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.”
The authors argue for fireworks-free zones in areas where large birds live. Hoekstra: “These buffer zones could be smaller in areas where light and sound travel less far, such as near forests. Furthermore, fireworks should mainly be lit at central locations in built-up areas, as far away from birds as possible. It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.”
12．What can we learn about the research
A．It’s the first one about fireworks’ effects on birds.
B．It’s conducted by collecting data from weather radars.
C．It shows the extent of the fireworks’ influence on birds.
D．It keeps track of birds throughout Netherlands and beyond.
13．Why did geese spend more time looking for food
A．To make up for the lost energy. B．To store more food in case.
C．To find a new source of energy. D．To find a place without fireworks.
14．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in Para. 4 mean
A．Predictable. B．Noticeable.
C．Admirable. D．Avoidable.
15．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Panic in the air B．Fireworks-free zones
C．Fireworks in the world D．Birds throughout the country
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了烟花对鸟类的影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away. (阿姆斯特丹大学的生态学家巴特·胡克斯特拉领导的研究表明，除夕夜大量燃放烟花爆竹会影响到10公里（6英里）外的鸟类。)”可知，这项研究告诉读者燃放烟花对鸟类的影响程度。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend an average of 10% longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks. (去年，IBED的其他研究人员发现，鹅受到烟花的影响很大，至少在接下来的11天里，它们寻找食物的时间平均比正常情况长10%。在逃离烟火之后，他们显然需要时间将精力恢复到以前的状态。)”可知，在逃离烟花之后，它们需要这段时间来补充失去的精力，以恢复到以前的状态。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2.5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. (由于荷兰62%的鸟类生活在居民区半径2.5公里的范围内，因此烟花对全国所有鸟类的影响都很大。)”和划线词后“near forests and semi-open habitats (在森林和半开放的栖息地附近)”可知，烟花对离居民区近的鸟类影响很大，在森林和半开放的栖息地附近，烟花对鸟类的影响不那么明显。所以划线词的含义为“显著的、明显的”A. Predictable可预测的；B. Noticeable显著的；C. Admirable令人钦佩的；D. Avoidable可避免的。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km(6 miles)away. (阿姆斯特丹大学的生态学家巴特·胡克斯特拉领导的研究表明，除夕夜大量燃放烟花爆竹会影响到10公里（6英里）外的鸟类)”可知，文章主要介绍了烟花对鸟类的影响。A选项中in the air 暗指鸟类，panic 指烟花带来的影响，故选项A“Panic in the air (空气中弥漫着恐慌)”为最佳答案。故选A。
阅读理解（2024·江苏省如皋市高三2月高考适应性考试）
Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May, and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc. ) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called ”rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1．What can we learn about application
A．There is a standard application form.
B．One will be charged for his/her application.
C．It is still available when the program starts.
D．It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
2．What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A．Sit the test in US B．Speak well Japanese.
C．Excel in English. D．Volunteer at test centers.
3．Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A．Culture. B．Travelling. C．Entertainment. D．Campus.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【解析】本文是应用文。介绍了申请美国大学的步骤。
1．细节理解题。根据Application下的“Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee. (每个机构都有自己的申请表，所有接受国际学生的美国大学都可以选择在线申请。请记住，许多美国院校都有申请费。)”可知，申请将收取费用。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Take admissions tests下的“International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. (国际学生还必须参加英语语言能力测试。)”可知，如果日本学生想申请美国大学，他/她应该擅长英语。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow: (每所美国大学和学院都有自己的录取标准，并决定哪些申请人符合这些标准。但每个步骤都是相同的。以下是一些你应该遵循的主要步骤：)”以及综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了申请美国大学的步骤，所以应能在报纸的校园板块看到。故选D项。
“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less daunting than it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.
4．What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A．She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B．Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C．She struck a balance between work and family.
D．She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
5．What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Realistic. B．Scary. C．Unlikely. D．Attractive.
6．What contributed most to her success according to the author
A．Supportive work environment. B．Academic researches.
C．Involvement in engaging projects. D．Interest in the projects.
7．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To analyze. B．To entertain. C．To promote. D．To report.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者讲述了自己成为父母后因为无法回到原来的工作岗位而感到困惑和担忧。然而，幸运的是，他们的研究主任为他提供了一份可以远程参与项目的合同，这成为了他职业生涯的转折点。经过几年的休假，作者感到自己已经准备好重新全职工作，最终找到了一份讲师职位。凭借着之前在离开期间的经验，回归工作并没有那么困难。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic专题01 阅读理解（第07期）-2024届江苏高考模拟试题分项汇编
阅读理解（2024·江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研（一））
Join the Sydney City Library1. Create a City of Sydney account and join the library
Experience greater security and access to our library and other services by joining with a City of Sydney account. Your City of Sydney account uses your email address and a password as the login (登录). You’ll be able to use the same login to access other City of Sydney services.
① Go to the library online catalogue (目录) and select Join
② Select Create an account and follow the instructions
③ When the account is created, select Join the library2. Join the library without an email address
If you don’t have an email address you can still join the library.
① Go to the library online catalogue and select Join
② Select Create an account and then the option I don’t have an email
③ Follow the prompts to complete the library membership form3. Activate (激活) your membership
To ensure your full membership and collect your library card, visit a branch open for browsing and borrowing. You need to show proof of identity and permanent residential address. Official documents such as a driver licence, student card, bank statement or rates are accepted.
Applicants under 18 years old
A parent or guardian is required to approve your application. They need to visit a branch with you to show proof of identity, including their residential address and medicare card listing your name. For online memberships this proof of identity should be emailed to librarymemberships@cityofsydney. nsw. gov. au
1．What’s the benefit of having a City of Sydney account
A．You can spend less money. B．You can borrow more books.
C．You can enjoy safer access. D．You can log in without a password.
2．What do you need to activate your membership
A．Library card. B．Email address.
C．Identity documents. D．Bank password.
3．What is this text
A．A guide. B．A poster. C．A report. D．A notice.
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive, and the older I get, the more I aim to take this message to heart. Nevertheless, here I am, in the midst of the holiday season stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事) For a moment, it’s easy to question if it’s worth it. But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton, a psychologist at Harvard Business School. He has published several studies on the effects of giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people, the researchers randomly assigned participants to make either a purchase for themselves, or for a stranger. Afterwards, the participants reported how happy they felt. Turns out, giving to others led to a significant happiness boost, whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today, the science really does show that spending $5 on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says. “But spending that $5 on somebody else is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf. If you buy one for yourself, it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily need. But if you buy a scarf for someone else, “you’ve shown them that they’re important to you,” Norton says. Either way, it’s just a scarf. “But it can either be a throwaway object or something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So, there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness, but the process of shopping, wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome — or even extremely annoying considering all of our day to day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give back. Reciprocity(互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround ourselves with generous people, we tend to feel the same. Feeling that spirit of giving and the connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
4．Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1
A．To make a prediction. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To present a reason. D．To clarify a concept.
5．How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comments. D．By telling personal experiences.
6．Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore
A．It’s difficult and expensive. B．It happens frequently.
C．It’s not valued by others. D．It requires much effort.
7．What can we learn about giving gifts from the text
A．It is not worth the effort.
B．It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C．It brings about emotional benefits.
D．It gains popularity during holidays.
Digital mindfulness is the application of mindfulness practices in your digital life. According to Jon Kabat Zinn, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Medicine School, mindfulness is “a means of paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and non judgmentally”. Here two main key points are emphasized when it comes to mindfulness as a practice in your digital life.
The first point is that you must learn to do things on purpose. For instance, you use your phone as a habitual escape from boredom or stress, which is thought by many as a quick solution to all those negative feelings. But what if you get only negative responses from your phone—the news or posts are negative Instead of finding peace, you find more boredom and more stress. The solution that mindfulness provides is purposeful and intentional choice. Therefore, you are empowered to choose how to respond to the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as boredom, loneliness, and stress and not just treat the symptoms(症状).
The other key is going through the experience non judgmentally. When you feel sad or angry because of a post on social media, all you ever do is to go through the experience and let it flow. At its core, mindfulness involves the acceptance of your memories, feelings, and thoughts minus any judgment on yourself or others because of those things. These feelings, memories, and experiences come and go. After they have passed, you are still you and in control. You will become more aware of your inner world. It’s this internal monologue(独白) that pushes you to grab your digital technology (phone, Alexa speaker, TV, etc.).
Digital mindfulness is not about avoiding the negative things in life. Through mindfulness practice, you regain the power to learn from these experiences and healthily deal with the negative. Mindfulness will also teach you to be aware of all your emotions, so you learn to deal with the things that you used to avoid. Finally, digital mindfulness brings you peace of mind in an ever changing and increasingly connected world.
Now, I would rather prefer to think of it as one of many tools that we can use in our daily life.
8．What does the author suggest readers do when they feel stressed in their digital life
A．Find something interesting to do.
B．Use the phone as a habitual escape.
C．Keep away from the negative responses.
D．Deal with the root cause of the problem.
9．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Negative feelings should be avoided or controlled.
B．Mindfulness involves both acceptance and judgment.
C．Mindfulness helps us fully experience life as it happens.
D．Digital technology is the key to understanding our inner world.
10．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．How Can You Avoid Negative Feelings
B．How Can You Define Digital Mindfulness
C．How Can Digital Mindfulness Help You
D．How Can Digital Mindfulness Harm You
11．What will probably be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Applications of mindfulness in communication.
B．Ways of practising mindfulness in the digital age.
C．Development of mindfulness in medical field.
D．Benefits of practising digital mindfulness in daily life.
New research shows that removing black rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory (领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.
The study, published in the journal PNAS, found that de horned South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 per cent smaller than those of complete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions.
“The big, dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive (繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, who led the work at Switzerland’s University of Neuch tel.
“It’s really hard to predict the effects of this,” she says. “It doesn’t mean that population success will necessarily decline, because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de horning (去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.
But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive procedure is worthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “No one’s put all the data together to say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the introduction of de horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.”
“It’s incredibly complicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team. “There are so many other factors involved. You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out — fencing, patrols, staff numbers — and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action. “A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.”
12．What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos
A．To make them less sociable. B．To protect them from being hunted.
C．To reduce their home ranges. D．To affect their reproductive success.
13．What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．The removal of rhino horns. B．The loss of rhino territories.
C．The impact on rhino population. D．The change of rhino behavior.
14．What is Chimes’ attitude toward the de horning of black rhinos
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Uncertain.
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．De horning rhinos shows satisfying effects.
B．Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting.
C．De horning is the last action researchers will take.
D．Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely.
阅读理解（2024·江苏省连云港市高三下学期二模）
Ayung River Rafting
About the trip
Explore Ayung River Rafting, the longest river rafting in Ayung River, a white-water rafting! The river is classified to level II to III and your rafting trip will be approximately 2 hours. Our friendly and experienced raft guides will take you on a safe and fun trip. You’ll find a level of professionalism that offers unique insights into Bali’s natural wonders and memorable experiences through the rainforest. Don’t miss out on this unforgettable adventure that showcases the beauty of Ayung River and the excitement and thrills of tackling the rapids of the Ayung River.
Prices
Ayung River Rafting Packages Price
Ayung River Rafting Own Transport IDR 350/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 2, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 550/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 3 – 4, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 485/Person
Ayung River Rafting Group of 5+, including Return Hotel Transfer IDR 430/Person
Tips
●We suggest you bring short pants or a swimsuit, a pair of changing clothes, sunscreen and extra money for drinks and souvenirs (纪念品).
●Steep road lies at the beginning and at the end of the tour, please be ready to walk with reliable shoes!
●Plastic bags for wet clothes are available, but you are advised to bring your own to reduce plastic use.
●Single-use raincoats are available if it rains. However, please bring your own to reduce plastic use.
1．What do we know about Ayung River Rafting
A．It’s an exciting guided adventure.
B．It helps to conserve the rainforest.
C．It offers unique insights into society.
D．It’s operated on the world’s fastest river.
2．What’s the charge for an Ayung River Rafting Group of 4 including Return Hotel Transfer
A．IDR 430. B．IDR 485. C．IDR 1940. D．IDR 2200.
3．What are the tourists advised to wear on a walk
A．Swimsuits. B．Strong shoes. C．Raincoats. D．Wet clothes.
Like many of the Indigenous (土著的) communities across the Australian continent, the remote communities in north-west New South Wales are struggling. Many of the 300 or so residents rely on welfare. Higher electricity bills—up to $3,000 a quarter for some households—further worsen the poverty. They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.
To that end, Anderson and other Indigenous leaders have formed the First Nations Renewable Energy Alliance (FREA) to push for renewable energy in Indigenous communities. They partner with private enterprise to support Indigenous communities looking to switch to renewable energy.
“We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”
Only a handful of Indigenous communities have set up renewable energy projects in Australia. The Indigenous-owned and -operated company AllGrid Energy, for instance, has installed solar panels and battery storage systems to replace diesel (柴油) generators in the communities of Ngurrara and Kurnturlpara in the Northern Territory’s Barkly Tableland. Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.
But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.
One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project. “Our experience is that if we can make it work for one community, it will work in every other community,” Anderson says.
4．What is FREA expected to do for the remote Indigenous communities
A．Increase power supply to them. B．Help them return to their homelands.
C．Shake them off poverty. D．Reduce their higher power costs.
5．What does the author indicate by mentioning AllGrid Energy
A．Renewables projects are inaccessible.
B．Renewables projects are quite workable.
C．Renewables projects can increase locals’ income.
D．Renewables projects can coexist with diesel power plants.
6．What’s paragraph 5 mainly about concerning FREA
A．Its strategies to win over the businesses. B．Its cooperation with community leaders.
C．Its potential conflict with energy companies. D．Its innovation in directing renewables projects.
7．What’s FREA going to do next
A．Consult the experts. B．Select a piloting community.
C．Collect sufficient construction fund. D．Make renewables projects available to all.
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
10．What is the significance of the research finding
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
11．What is the text mainly about
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
I’m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author’s angle, spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences Do we really have the right to treat animals as me re organ sources for humans So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.
I’ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation. I completely disagree. As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.
12．Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy
A．A school event. B．A news item.
C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.
13．What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy
A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.
C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.
14．What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about
A．Ways of tapping children ‘s intelligence. B．Potential application of fictional stories.
C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book. D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
15．What is Pig Heart Boy
A．An author profile. B．A science fiction novel.
C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation. D．An essay on writing children’s literature.
阅读理解（2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考）
This year Art- will continue to provide community art guides as we have been doing it for the past 24 years.
Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery
Established in Houston Historic Art District, at Sawyer Yards, Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery with 2,000 square feet features amazing paintings of landscapes and seascapes by impressionistic artists. In addition to hosting artist exhibitions, it provides art consultation services for collectors, designers and art enthusiasts.
Art of the World Gallery
The gallery provides a contemporary, complex and rich cultural experience for art enthusiasts and collectors from all around the world. Directly representing some of the most important living artists from Asia, Europe, and Latin America, Art of the World Gallery is one of the most famous galleries in the state, located in Houston’s finest hotspot for locals and tourists.
Zatista Contemporary and Fine Art
With over 4,000 works from the most talented emerging and established artists, Zatista provides access to the types of works previously only available to seasoned collectors. Buying online with Zatista is easy with their free art consultation, certificates of authenticity (真实性), and a buyer guarantee that allows you to try art in your home with free returns.
John Palmer Fine Art
It’s located in the avenue in the Historic Heights. The combination of a saved 1930’s bungalow (平房) with museum-quality new construction is the perfect atmosphere to showcase the great works of artist John Ross Palmer. John Palmer Fine Art is open by appointment only. You can set an appointment by calling 713-861-6726. We look forward to showing you the beautiful world of John Palmer Fine Art!
1．What is the purpose of Art-
A．Collecting artworks. B．Offering art information.
C．Helping seasoned artists. D．Founding art organizations.
2．What can visitors do in Halvorsen Fine Art Gallery
A．Hold personal exhibitions. B．Obtain authentic certificates.
C．Get a taste of different cultures. D．Appreciate impressionist paintings.
3．What can we learn about John Palmer Fine Art
A．It is in Houston’s best spot. B．It offers art consultation services.
C．It exhibits the works of only one artist. D．It can be visited without an appointment.
I was attacked by a tiger shark in late October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kauai—a typical fall morning with friends. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.
That is until a large shark came right up under me and sank his teeth into my lower leg. There had been no splashing. no noise, and I felt no pain, only great pressure on my lower body.
Then I followed my instinct: I punched the shark in the face, again and again which happens to be what the expert advice, until the shark released me. As I swam back into shore, I felt my lower right leg spasming(痉挛). When I looked down, I realized it was gone. The shark had bit my lower leg off. My friends rushed to my aid, and rushed me to hospital.
It was another day before the “fog” lifted, at which point I opened my eyes and realized I was in the hospital—a below-the-knee amputee(截肢). For the next few bedridden weeks, I spent time with my family, and considered the future.
As soon as I was given the OK by my doctors, I did what many of us might consider unthinkable: I started riding the waves again. In fact, my first time back was near the site of his attack. I was unshaken and curious—Was it because of the tides The phase of the moon I also recalled that the morning of the attack the water had a fishy smell. Was that what attracted the shark
I was determined to research sharks, and I did learn something that would change my life: Humans are far more dangerous to sharks than the other way around, I tell Reader’s Digest. “I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the demand for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”
My unique situation as a shark survivor empowered me to give sharks a voice. I began working with the Hawaii state legislature to help pass a ban on shark-derived products. I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge senators to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.
4．What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs
A．The missing leg. B．The shark attack.
C．The timely rescue. D．The expert’s advice.
5．Why did the author ride the waves again
A．To go on with his unshaken hobby. B．To figure out why he became a target.
C．To keep track of the phase of the moon. D．To explore why the water had a fishy smell.
6．What did the author find after he recovered
A．Humans tend to ignore the dangers. B．Humans can’t survive without sharks.
C．Sharks pose a greater threat to humans D．Sharks are in urgent need of protection.
7．What does author imply in the last paragraph
A．He is speaking in favor of sharks. B．He argues against the bill about sharks.
C．There is widespread doubt about sharks. D．People should give sharks a preference.
Guangdong Dongpo Paper, a paper company in Guangdong Province, China, recently made international headlines for replacing its traditional performance-based employee bonus scheme with another one. To promote a healthy lifestyle among its 100 employees, management decided to reward them based on how much they exercise. For example, an employee will be eligible for a full monthly bonus if they run 50km a month. They will get 60 percent of the bonus for running 40km, and 30 percent for 30km. Running enthusiasts may stand to get up to an 30% bonus if they can prove they ran over 100km in a single month.
“My business can only endure if my employees are healthy,” said Dongpo Paper boss, Lin Zhiyong, adding that he spent the last three years encouraging his employees to enjoy sports and fitness.
The distance run by every employee is tracked by an app on their phones, which also takes into account activities like mountain hiking and speed walking, which can account for 60 and 30 percent respectively of the total exercise required. The program has proven a great success, and Lin Zhiyong himself somewhat of an exercise enthusiast, claims that all employees qualify to get the full bonus.
According to Chinese media, Dongpo Paper employees couldn’t be happier with the new bonus structure, claiming that the company now allows them to “kill two birds with one stone” as they “can get both health and money.” But while the new policy has been getting generally positive feedback online, some netizens it can lead to discrimination.
“The intention of the company’s policy is good but it should take into consideration any existing health issues among its employees,” one person commented online, asking what the policy is for employees who are at risk of heart attacks or are otherwise unable to meet the bonus requirements.
Others accused Guangdong Dongpo Paper of putting its employees’ health at risk by setting very high bonus thresholds for them. Some netizens believe that employees could ruin their knees by chasing these goals.
8．Why does the scheme of Guangdong Dongpo Paper become a hit
A．It favors those who ran 30km most. B．It defines what a healthy lifestyle is.
C．It is based on athletic performances. D．It is to promote a traditional lifestyle.
9．What may Lin Zhiyong agree with
A．When work is a pleasure, life is joy.
B．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
C．Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
D．The health of employees is the wealth of employers.
10．What’s Dongpo Paper employee’s response towards this scheme
A．Cautious. B．Positive.
C．Concerned. D．Negative.
11．What is the major concern on the Internet
A．The employee’s physical conditions. B．The impractical bonus requirements.
C．The slim chance of chasing the goals. D．The risk of developing heart diseases.
Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away.
With data from weather radars and bird counts an international team of researchers revealed how many birds take off immediately after the start of the fireworks, at what distance from fireworks this occurs and which species groups mainly react. “Birds take off as a result of an acute flight response due to sudden noise and light. We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands, ”says ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam. In the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the researchers therefore argue for large fireworks-free zones.
Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend an average of 10% longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks.
Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2. 5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. “Flying requires a lot of energy, so ideally birds should be disturbed as little as possible during the cold winter months. Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.”
The authors argue for fireworks-free zones in areas where large birds live. Hoekstra: “These buffer zones could be smaller in areas where light and sound travel less far, such as near forests. Furthermore, fireworks should mainly be lit at central locations in built-up areas, as far away from birds as possible. It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.”
12．What can we learn about the research
A．It’s the first one about fireworks’ effects on birds.
B．It’s conducted by collecting data from weather radars.
C．It shows the extent of the fireworks’ influence on birds.
D．It keeps track of birds throughout Netherlands and beyond.
13．Why did geese spend more time looking for food
A．To make up for the lost energy. B．To store more food in case.
C．To find a new source of energy. D．To find a place without fireworks.
14．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in Para. 4 mean
A．Predictable. B．Noticeable.
C．Admirable. D．Avoidable.
15．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Panic in the air B．Fireworks-free zones
C．Fireworks in the world D．Birds throughout the country
阅读理解（2024·江苏省如皋市高三2月高考适应性考试）
Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May, and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc. ) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called ”rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1．What can we learn about application
A．There is a standard application form.
B．One will be charged for his/her application.
C．It is still available when the program starts.
D．It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
2．What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A．Sit the test in US B．Speak well Japanese.
C．Excel in English. D．Volunteer at test centers.
3．Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A．Culture. B．Travelling. C．Entertainment. D．Campus.
“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less daunting than it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.
4．What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A．She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B．Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C．She struck a balance between work and family.
D．She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
5．What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Realistic. B．Scary. C．Unlikely. D．Attractive.
6．What contributed most to her success according to the author
A．Supportive work environment. B．Academic researches.
C．Involvement in engaging projects. D．Interest in the projects.
7．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To analyze. B．To entertain. C．To promote. D．To report.
Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
8．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A．It is ill reputed. B．It is mostly misapplied.
C．It is totally ignored. D．It is seemingly contradictory.
9．What has America been witnessing
A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
10．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A．Tolerant. B．Enthusiastic. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
11．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to
using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
12．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A．To help him fight boredom. B．To develop his creative ability.
C．To make his drug more powerful. D．To aid the process of his experiments.
13．What can we learn about Temple’s system
A．Its effect remains to be seen. B．It failed to work as expected.
C．It is too complicated to operate. D．It has produced satisfying results.
14．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A．To get rid of public fear of the virus.
B．To show h1s talent in producing music.
C．To facilitate people’s understanding of science.
D．To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.
15．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why scientists are turning molecules into music.
B．How scientists help the public understand science.
C．Why music can be the best way to present science.
D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.
阅读理解（2024·江苏省泰州市高三一模）
South America has a long and interesting coastline. When it comes to beaches, there are some excellent options to be found across the continent.
Sancho Beach
This beach is an amazing stretch of sand with peaceful waters. The clear waters are perfect for swimming but it is difficult to access. It can only be reached by boat or by climbing down the rocky hillsides on each end, so it isn’t particularly good for younger children or people who are physically challenged.
Vichayito Beach
Just a short distance from the waterfront town of Mancora, this lovely beach is often quiet and peaceful, offering some nice shallow water to swim in for little ones. A little further out, the waves pick up, making for fine surfing and windsurfing surroundings, while the charming village offers nice accommodation.
Copacabana Beach
The cold water here means it isn’t an ideal swimming location, but there are good spots for surfing and windsurfing. Various water activities make it a great beach. Visit early, especially in the busy tourist seasons, not only to avoid crowds, but also to gain admittance — visitors will be turned away once the park reaches peak capacity.
Jericoacoara Beach
Located near the city center, this beach is very popular among surfers thanks to its great waves. It isn’t too rough to swim for experienced swimmers, although a slightly rocky seafloor means you should be careful. With large crowds of people, the best time to visit is sunset-arrive early to get a good viewing spot.
1．What may make Sancho Beach difficult to reach
A．The great waves. B．Its unique location.
C．Lack of boat services. D．Large crowds of tourists.
2．Which beach is the most ideal place for young children to swim
A．Sancho Beach. B．Vichayito Beach.
C．Copacabana Beach. D．Jericoacoara Beach.
3．What do Copacabana Beach and Jericoacoara Beach have in common
A．They both appeal to those loving water sports.
B．Tourists may be rejected due to their limited capacity.
C．Tourists should arrive early to get a good viewing spot.
D．They provide perfect swimming options for professionals.
Norman Lear, a genius producer and screenwriter, passed away on Tuesday in Los Angeles at the age of 101. “Lear’s hit comedy shows changed television forever,” said Darnel Hunt, a leading artist on TV.
Lear grew up in an ordinary family in Connecticut, where an unexpected accident brought about his father’s business collapse. So he had to drop out of college and joined the army. In his late 20s, he moved to Los Angeles where he struggled hard for several years, selling furniture door to door. Later on, unsatisfied with his life, he eventually turned to writing for a nightclub comedy act.
By 1971, when he was almost 50, Lear had produced and directed some shows, among which was the hit show All in the Family. In the beginning, it didn’t get on the air smoothly. However, once it did, this show made it to the top 10 for eight of its nine seasons, promising Lear’s life was to change.
This successful show was just the beginning of Lear’s dominating position in comedy shows. Then came The Jeffersons, about a family on its way up. It ran for eleven seasons, one of the longest running comedy shows on television, becoming another successful story. When interviewed about the hit of his shows, Lear said, “Our team read two or three newspapers a day, paid a lot of attention to our families, and came in to talk about everything that was affecting us in our daily lives.” Therefore, it came as no surprise that viewers had a sense of Lear’s own family after watching All in the Family.
“Routinely, Lear’s shows might get fifty or sixty million viewers. He was in direct contact with the living rooms and families of the country,” says Marty Kaplan, founding director of the Norman Lear Center. “Lear did everything with humor and sympathy.”
4．What can we learn about Lear from the first two paragraphs
A．He led a challenging life in his twenties.
B．His shows had little impact on television.
C．His father expected him to be a screenwriter.
D．He received good education despite his father’s business failure.
5．Which factor may contribute to the success of Lear’s shows
A．His shows reflected real daily life. B．His shows featured surprise endings.
C．His shows go on the air immediately. D．His shows dominated the comedy industry.
6．What can we infer from Marty Kaplan’s words in the last paragraph
A．Lear promoted his shows to families directly.
B．Lear won widespread popularity for his shows.
C．Lear carried out face-to-face interactions with viewers.
D．Lear always focuses on the themes of humor and sympathy.
7．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A comedy script. B．A story collection.
C．A literature review. D．A news report.
The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell that contains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.
Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.
One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.
However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.
8．Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system
A．Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.
B．Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.
C．The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.
D．It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.
9．What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2
A．The cell protecting your body from viruses.
B．The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.
C．The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.
D．The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.
10．How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses
A．They strengthen the body’s immune system.
B．They battle against weakened or dead viruses.
C．They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.
D．They expose the body to viruses during flu season.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Antibodies Save Our Health. B．Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.
C．Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around. D．Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.
A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like puters function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
12．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The appearance of artificial satellites. B．The components of artificial satellites.
C．The basic function of artificial satellites. D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.
13．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites
A．Providing electrical power. B．Recording changes observed.
C．Monitoring space environment. D．Processing information received.
14．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits
A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.
B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.
C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.
D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.
15．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly
A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.
B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.
C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.
D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.
阅读理解（2024·江苏省宿迁市高三一模）
Participating in art competitions is essential for students to gain formal recognition and impress college admission officers. Today, we have a list of art competitions on regional, national, and international scales.
EarthX Eco-Art Competition
It invites young artists aged 5-22 to create 2-D or 3-D art that illustrates the theme: Protectors for the Planet. The theme can be interpreted in various ways, including individuals taking action towards a more sustainable planet, or highlighting the efforts of environmental leaders working to sustain ecosystems.
Deadline: March 8, 2024
The Children’s Drawing Contest
Sponsored by International Certification Organization Network, the contest, whose theme this year is “Passing on Our Precious Earth to The Future”, invites children aged 7-15 worldwide to draw the kind of natural environment they would like to live in. 48 winners will receive special memorabilia. All entrants will receive a participation prize. Medium: Drawings with any type of paint, pastel, etc.
Deadline: May 31, 2024
Science without Borders Challenge
The competition is open to children and young people under the age of 16. We welcome entries from both groups and individuals to create art to promote public awareness of the need to preserve, protect, and restore nature. The theme is “The Sixth Extinction” and you can focus on the protection of endangered species. Acceptable media include paint, pencil, marker, crayon, ink, felt, and oil pastel.
Deadline: March 4, 2024
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards, the longest-running literary and art competition in the US, provides opportunities and academic awards for creative young people to express their talent. The theme this year is “Tell Your Climate Story”. Students in the 9th to 12th grades can submit poetry, fiction and nonfiction to show their understanding of environmental issues.
Deadline: June 10, 2024
1．On which date can participants send their entries to EarthX Eco-Art Competition
A．May 6, 2024. B．March 15, 2024. C．April 28, 2024. D．February 9, 2024.
2．Which competition best suits teenagers good at writing poems
A．EarthX Eco-Art Competition. B．The Children’s Drawing Contest.
C．Science without Borders Challenge. D．The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards.
3．What do the four competitions have in common
A．They target students under the age of 20. B．They are about environmental protection.
C．They require participants to write a story. D．They only accept entries from individuals.
I was surprised to find the congestion (拥塞) outside Layla’s primary school was unusually absent—I’d driven right into a parking space, and I was on time, for once. The school bell rang, and in a moment a stream of children made their way through the gate. But something was different—the kids were piling into vehicles in threes and fours.
Before I could enquire my daughter Layla, Mr Trent, the deputy head, approached. “Mrs Pavis, did you not read our letter ” Letter What letter I had a history of not looking out for them, and not reading them in most cases. “The letter Of course. It must have just slipped my mind—I’ve been away with work.”
Now I was digging around in Layla’s messy schoolbag at home. Eventually, I found several letters, all addressing the same topic—parking outside the school gates. Apparently with some parents parking illegally, the police were about to get involved. “Why didn’t you give me these letters ” I demanded. Layla shrugged. “I forgot.” I was about to launch into a severe lecture when it occurred to me that I had always forgotten—I had forgotten to give Layla her money for cookery that morning and forgotten to hang out the kids’ washed clothes.
I contained myself and figured out that they wanted the parents to car-pool (拼车). I spent the next half hour ringing round Layla’s friends’ parents, enquiring if they would like to car-pool with us. Unfortunately, they were all sorted. It was my own fault—I should have read those letters ages ago. “Er... I overheard others talking about it,” Layla said, “They said they didn’t know who would car-pool with us, because we’re always late.” I flushed instantly. We were a disorganised family, and I was the one to blame.
I resolved to change. With responsibility for my kids, I find I am never, ever late. It’s good for Layla and for her older brothers, and it’s good for me, because now I never leave the house unprepared. I’ve even started checking the kids’ schoolbags for notes from school.
4．What did the author notice when the school was over
A．It was hard to find a parking space. B．Children were picked up in groups.
C．Her daughter was absent from class. D．She arrived much earlier than others.
5．What stopped the author criticizing her daughter
A．The reflection of her daily routine. B．The realization of her carelessness.
C．The knowledge of her kid’s character. D．The awareness of her kid’s depression.
6．Why did others refuse to car-pool with them according to Layla
A．Because they contacted them late. B．Because they failed to keep the house tidy.
C．Because they couldn’t be on time. D．Because they ignored the school’s request.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．Action creates motivation. B．Mother’s love never changes.
C．It’s never too late to mend. D．Patience is the key to success.
Countless stories have portrayed the deep connection between humans and horses, such as classic literary works Black Beauty and The Chronicles of Narnia. However, the extent to which horses comprehend their human companions remains a mystery. Recent research has shown that horses can distinguish between human expressions of happiness and sadness conveyed through facial movements or vocal tones.
The researchers brought 28 horses into a room one by one, each wearing heart rate monitors as their actions were recorded. The horse faced two screens playing two different videos: one showed a happy person and the other a sad person. A voice was played at the same time, sounding happy or sad.
When the picture and voice didn’t match—for example, if the voice was sad but the picture showed a happy person—the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time, compared to the one that did match, as if it knew something didn’t make sense. “You could imagine that they have a particular box in their mind labeled ‘human sadness’ containing the characteristics of both a sad face and a sad voice, and that when we are sad, they expect what we say to match how we look,” said Doctoral Researcher Océane Liehrmann of the University of Turku, in Finland.
The researchers also saw that horses were more attentive to the screen displaying the happy face. They looked at it more often and for a longer time and their heart rates increased when they heard a happy voice and decreased when they heard a sad voice as well.
It is possible that the horses might have associated happy human expressions with positive memories from their past. Another theory is that seeing a happy person could actually make a horse feel happier—a process known as emotional contagion. “We don’t know whether horses themselves understand what it is to be sad. It is possible that they learn it means something for a human,” said Liehrmann.
8．How did the researchers carry out the experiment
A．By comparing different horses’ expressions.
B．By monitoring horses’ odd behavior in the lab.
C．By summarizing the characteristics of the horses.
D．By observing horses’ reaction to human emotions.
9．What can we learn from the result of the research
A．Horses had a preference for happy people. B．Horses were too nervous about the videos.
C．Horses recognized people’s identity quickly. D．Horses looked excited at a voice of sadness.
10．What does the underlined word “contagion” probably mean in the last paragraph
A．Support. B．Influence. C．Outbreak. D．Control.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Humans Impact Horses Hugely B．Horses Dislike Sorrowful People
C．Humans and Horses Interact Closely D．Horses Know When You are Happy
Reunions offer a chance to reflect on how much has changed. One happened in Hollywood when Here premiered (首映), bringing together the actors, director and writer behind Forrest Gump 40 years later for a new film. The stars were “de-aged” using new AI tools, making them more youthful in some scenes and enabling the filmmakers to see the transformation in real time while shooting.
With the use of generative AI in film making come things worth watching. The first is how AI will be used to tell new types of stories, as storytelling becomes more personalised and interactive. No one is quite sure how the nature of storytelling will change, but it is sure to. David Thomson, a film historian, compares generative AI to the advent of sound. When movies were no longer silent, it changed the way plot points were made and how deeply viewers could connect with characters. Cristóbal Valenzuela, who runs a company providing AI-enhanced software, says AI is like a “new kind of camera”, offering a fresh “opportunity to reimagine what stories are like”. Both are right.
Another big development to watch is how AI will be used as a time-saving tool. Generative AI will automate and simplify complex tasks like film-editing and special effects. For a glimpse of the future, watch Everything Everywhere All at Once, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2023. It featured a scene that used a “rotoscoping” tool to edit out the green-screen background and make a talking rock more believable. It shortened into hours what might have otherwise taken days of video-editing.
What is also noticeable is more dramatic conflicts between creators and those running AI platforms. This year is likely to bring floods of lawsuits (诉讼) from authors, musicians and actors about how their works have been used to train AI systems without permission or payment. Perhaps they can agree on some sort of licensing arrangement, in which AI companies start paying copyright-holders.
It will probably be a few years before a full-length film is produced entirely by AI, but it is just a matter of time.
12．What can we le

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