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(共38张PPT)
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Language points
understand the use of ellipsis in English
Ellipsis
Learning objectives:
1.Master the kinds of Ellipsis.
2.Learn usage of each kind.
3.Use Ellipsis in daily exercise.
预习(下列句子有什么特点？)
1.Though tired, they went on working.
2.Doesn't matter.
3.(课本P28)This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.
4.(课本P28)A real mix of cultures here!
5.Hope to hear from you soon.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1为______________的省略;2,3,5为省略_________;4为　_________　的省略。为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。 在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快突出重点,常常省略句中的一个或几个成分,只要不影响句意表达,某些情况下,能省略的成分尽可能省略。
状语从句
主语
谓语动词
Ellipsis
Leading in
Watch the video and pay attention to the actors’ lines.
Ellipsis
Leading in
Talk about the actors’ lines and write down what you have found.
1. We appreciate everything you’ve done.
我们感激你所做的一切。
2. You’re the scariest bunch of monsters I have ever met.
你是我见过的最可怕的怪物
3. There is nothing I cannot buy.
没有我买不到的东西。
Ellipsis
Leading in
Talk about the actors’ lines and write down what you have found.
1. We appreciate everything you’ve done.
2. You’re the scariest bunch of monsters I have ever met.
3. There is nothing I cannot buy.
We appreciate everything that you’ve done.
You’re the scariest bunch of monsters that I have ever met.
There is nothing that I cannot buy.
定语从句中
关系词的省略
省略
7.简单句的省略
8.并列句的省略
9.其他情况的省略
2.定语从句的省略
3.状语从句的省略
1.宾语从句的省略
4.动词不定式的省略
5.介词的省略
6.比较句中的省略
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
1 宾语从句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中常省略连接词that；(如果由that引导的好几个从句，第一个可以省略，其余不可)
Lucy said (that) she wanted to apply for that job.
My father promised (that) he would take us to the zoo and that he would go shopping with our mum.
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
1 宾语从句中的省略
（2）省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用so或not代替。
例2：—Is he coming back tonight 今天晚上他要回来吗？
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例3：—Is he feeling better today 今天他觉得好点了吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
2.定语从句中的省略
(1)定语从句中，关系词that/which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
I learned everything (that)I know from my school--- monster university.
How can you get fired from a company(that/which) you started.
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
2.定语从句中的省略
。
（2）定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用in which 或that引导，其中that可以省略。I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
3.状语从句的省略
①在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步状语从句中；
省略从句中“主语+be”的部分，
满足一下条件：
②从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；
③从句谓语动词为be动词
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
3.状语从句的省略
Unless (he is) asked to answer the questions, Tom keeps silent all the time in class.
省略从句中“主语+be”的部分
While (she was) walking along the street, she heard her name called.
Ellipsis
复合句的省略
3.状语从句的省略
If (it is) necessary, you can contact me at ant time.
省略从句中“主语+be”的部分
注意：①条件状语从句的省略：
if any 如果有...... if ever 如果曾经......
if never如果从未...... if not 不然的话；否则
Please correct the mistakes in your paper, if any.
Ellipsis
注意：②if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的省略：
省略引导词if，把were, had, should 等提到句首。
复合句的省略
3.状语从句的省略
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had got up early, you could have caught the train.
Had you got up early, you could have caught the train,
【活学活用】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
2. Anyone, once __________(test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
3. While __________(do) my homework at home, I heard my name called.
【答案与解析】
1. accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。
2. tested。动词test与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是tested。
3.doing。动词do与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案是doing。
4.动词不定式的省略
（1）感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to；下列句型常省略不定式符号to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。
例1：We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例2：Why not join us in playing basketball 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢？
Ellipsis
4.动词不定式的省略
（2）在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。
例：I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里，但又不得不去。
Ellipsis
4.动词不定式的省略
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
a．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b．不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。
I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。
Ellipsis
4.动词不定式的省略
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
c．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。
Ellipsis
4.动词不定式的省略
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
d．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。
She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。
Why not try it again 为什么不再试试？
Ellipsis
Ellipsis
5.介词的省略
（1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
（2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
（3）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事；prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难；have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难；There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用；have fun (in) doing做……开心。（4）his, that, next, last后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例1：She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例2：The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
Ellipsis
5.介词的省略
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam.
2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV.
3. You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________(raise) the four children.
【答案与解析】
1. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。
2. watching。spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事，介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。
3. raising。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。
Ellipsis
6.比较句中的省略
以than/as引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
省略主语：
(1)祈使句中主语通常省略
Thank you for your help.
See you tomorrom.
Be quiet, please.
Stand up, please.
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
省略主语：
(2)口语中常见省略主语或这主谓语的一部分
(Is there) anything wrong
Why (do you) not play with Kate
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
省略宾语或表语：
(1)省略作宾语的to-infinitive，只保留to
---Would you love to come with us？
---Yes, I’d love to.
He didn’t give Lucy the chance, though he had promised to (give her the chance).
注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时，
则须在to之后加be或have。
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
省略宾语或表语：
---Are you a teacher
---No, but I used to be.
---Jim haven’t finished his homework yet.
---Well, he ought to have.
注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时，
则须在to之后加be或have。
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
省略宾语或表语：
(2)省略作表语
---Have you been to Beijing
---No, I haven’t.
---Are you hungry
---Yes, I am.
Ellipsis
7.简单句的省略
感叹句的省略：
What a beautiful photo (it is)!
How fast (he runs)!
Such an intelligent girl！
Excellent!
1. Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and handed it to a policeman.
2. Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework.
Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and Mr. Smith handed it to a policeman.
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
8.并列句的省略
Ellipsis
1.省略共同的________
2.若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的___________________
主语或宾语
情态动词
Ellipsis
9.其他情况的省略
某些使役动词(let, make, have等)及感官动词(see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。
I saw the boy play tennis on the playground.
The boy was seen to play tennis on the playground.
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He was often noticed________(leave) the office after work.
2.—What do you suppose made her worried
— __________(lose) a new cellphone.
3.Children, when __________(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
4.Mary won't attend the party even if _____________invite).
5.Though________ (warn) again and again,the young man still drove after drinking,leading to his being fined.
6.While _____________(walk) along the street, I heard my name called.
to leave
Losing
exposed
invited
warned
walking
7.She seldom , if ___________, goes to the movie theatre.
8.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not ___________.
9.Some classmates suggest they ________(go) to places of interest nearby.
10.Her words made me____________(feel)happier than before.
ever
to
go
feel
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.You'd better get up early tomorrow.___________, you will miss the school bus.
你明天最好早点起床,否则,你就赶不上校车了。
2.If ________________, the meeting will be a failure. 如果会议组织不好,就会失败。
3.If you don't attend the meeting tomorrow, ______________. 如果你明天不参加会议,我也不参加。
4.He opened his mouth as if ________________. 他张开嘴好像要说话。
5.______________________, he will come to help me. 他一有可能就来帮助我。.
If not
not well organized
neither will I
to say something
Whenever possible
III.语篇填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Olympic torch relay began its second day on Thursday (Feb 3) at top the Great Wall, with Kong actor Jackie Chan and Chinese Olympic medalists among those taking turns ____41____(carry) the red-and-silver spiral torch along the Badaling section of the Great Wall, ____42____the Thursday morning temperature was -11℃.
The relay for the torch that____43____(open) the Feb 4-20 Winter Games is much more modest than the globe -spanning relay for Beijing’s 2008 Summer Games.
Badaling, the section of the wall most often visited by tourist, is 70km north-west of ____44____(center) Beijing in the Yanqing district, near the Olympics sliding and Alpine skiing venues. It ____45____(build) around AD1500 during the Ming dynasty.
____46____(late) on Thursday, the torch will be taken to Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei province, where most of Olympic snow events will take place. The relay will end with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron ____47____Friday’s opening ceremony.
Due to Covid-19,the Games are taking place inside a “closed loop” that keeps____48____(complete) and other Olympic personnel away from ____49____public, and will be attended only by small,_____50_____(select) audience.
41. carrying 42. where 43. will open 44. central 45. was built 46. Later
47. at petitors 49. the 50. selected
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