2024年高中英语精选优质模拟题:阅读理解素质拓展知识积累素材(1)【2024年北京市海淀区高三春季一模】

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2024年高中英语精选优质模拟题:阅读理解素质拓展知识积累素材(1)【2024年北京市海淀区高三春季一模】

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2024年高中英语精选优质模拟题
阅读理解素质拓展知识积累(1)
【来源:2024年北京市海淀区高三春季一模】
简介:关于使用脑植入物和人工智能技术来研究和处理失语症患者的问题。文章讨论了一项新研究的发现,该研究利用脑电极和人工智能技术,将脑电活动数据转化为音乐,并探讨了这项技术在帮助失语症患者恢复语言能力方面的潜力。
Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia(失语症) to get their voice back—and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music.
A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures(癫痫发作), using electrodes(电极) on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize(合成) music.
To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI)model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song.
Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody(韵律). These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia.
Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words.
Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands—or brains— of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces.
【任务一:重难点单词突破】
序号 单词 音标 释义 拓展
1 aphasia fe 失语症;语言障碍 -
2 implants m pl nts (医学)植入物;(尤指)植入假体;植入手术 dental implants (牙科植入物); breast implants (乳房植入物)
3 epileptic p l pt k 癫痫的;癫痫患者 epileptic seizure (癫痫发作); epileptic fit (癫痫发作)
4 electrodes l ktr dz 电极;电极片 -
5 reconstructed ri k n str kt d 重建;重构;改组;复原 reconstructive surgery (重建手术); reconstructive efforts (重建努力)
6 synthesize s nθ sa z 合成;综合;综合;综合;人工合成 synthesized music (合成音乐); synthesize data (合成数据)
7 prosody pr s di 韵律学;语调学;语音节奏;词句的语调节奏 -
8 intonation nt ne n 语调;声调;抑扬顿挫;(言词)上扬降调;(音)上下行(上升和下降音的) tone and intonation (语气和语调); intonation pattern (语调模式)
9 interfaces nt fe s z 接口;界面;相互作用的表面;分界面 user interface (用户界面); interface design (界面设计)
10 assistive s st v 辅助的;有助益的 assistive technology (辅助技术); assistive devices (辅助设备)
11 implants m pl nts (医学)植入物;(尤指)植入假体;植入手术 dental implants (牙科植入物); breast implants (乳房植入物)
12 clarity kl r ti 清晰度;明晰;清楚;透明度;明确度 clarity of expression (表达清晰); clarity of vision (视觉清晰度)
13 symphony s mf ni 交响乐;和声;交响曲;和声音乐 symphony orchestra (交响乐团); symphony hall (交响乐厅)
14 non-invasively n n n ve s vli 非侵入性地;无侵入手术地 non-invasive procedure (非侵入性程序); non-invasive treatment (无创治疗)
15 ultrasensitive ltr s ns t v 超灵敏的;极度敏感的;超敏感;超灵敏 ultrasensitive detection (超灵敏检测); ultrasensitive equipment (超灵敏设备)
16 decoding di ko d 解码;译码;译解;译码过程;破译 decoding algorithm (解码算法); decoding process (解码过程)
17 playback ple b k 回放;播放;复制;重放;录音回放 audio playback (音频播放); video playback (视频播放)
18 invasively n ve s vli 侵入性地;侵略性地;侵略地;有侵略性地 invasively measuring (侵入式测量); invasively treating (侵入性治疗)
19 barriers b ri rz 障碍;壁垒;栅栏;屏障;障碍物 overcome barriers (克服障碍); entry barriers (进入壁垒)
20 implants m pl nts (医学)植入物;(尤指)植入假体;植入手术 dental implants (牙科植入物); breast implants (乳房植入物)
21 gathering ɡ r 聚集;收集;集会;集结;采集 gathering information (收集信息); gathering data (收集数据)
22 decoding di ko d 解码;译码;译解;译码过程;破译 decoding algorithm (解码算法); decoding process (解码过程)
23 playback ple b k 回放;播放;复制;重放;录音回放 audio playback (音频播放); video playback (视频播放)
24 clarity kl r ti 清晰度;明晰;清楚;透明度;明确度 clarity of expression (表达清晰); clarity of vision (视觉清晰度)
25 symphony s mf ni 交响乐;和声;交响曲;和声音乐 symphony orchestra (交响乐团); symphony hall (交响乐厅)
26 non-invasively n n n ve s vli 非侵入性地;无侵入手术地 non-invasive procedure (非侵入性程序); non-invasive treatment (无创治疗)
27 ultrasensitive ltr s ns t v 超灵敏的;极度敏感的;超敏感;超灵敏 ultrasensitive detection (超灵敏检测); ultrasensitive equipment (超灵敏设备)
28 decoding di ko d 解码;译码;译解;译码过程;破译 decoding algorithm (解码算法); decoding process (解码过程)
29 playback ple b k 回放;播放;复制;重放;录音回放 audio playback (音频播放); video playback (视频播放)
30 invasively n ve s vli 侵入性地;侵略性地;侵略地;有侵略性地 invasively measuring (侵入式测量); invasively treating (侵入性治疗)
【任务二:特殊情景主题词组搭配学习】
序号 搭配 释义
1 brain implants 脑植入物;大脑植入假体
2 electrical activity 电活动;电信号活动
3 epileptic seizures 癫痫发作;癫痫病突发
4 machine learning 机器学习
5 artificial intelligence (ai) 人工智能
6 brain waves 脑电波
7 brain-computer interfaces (bci) 脑-计算机接口
8 assistive devices 辅助设备;辅助装置
9 future research 未来研究;未来的研究方向
10 non-invasive 非侵入性的
11 decoding into 解码成;转化成
12 implant surgery 植入手术
13 recording techniques 录音技术;记录技术
14 playback clarity 播放的清晰度
15 electrical symphony 电活动的交响乐
16 melodic differences 旋律上的差异;音乐上的差异
17 speech prosody 语音韵律;语音节奏
18 communication experience 交流体验;沟通经验
19 invasive techniques 侵入性技术
20 data non-invasively 无侵入性地获取数据
21 surgical implants 外科植入物
22 recording electrodes 记录电极;录音电极
23 assistive technology 辅助技术
24 prosody and emotional weight 语音韵律和情感的分量
25 playback speed 播放速度;回放速度
26 playback clarity 播放的清晰度
27 electrical symphony 电活动的交响乐
28 non-invasive gathering 非侵入性的收集
29 surgical implants 外科植入物
30 detailed look 详细查看;仔细观察
【任务三:长难句解析】
1. 原句: "A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures, using electrodes on the surface of their brain."
解析: 这个句子中包含了一个复杂的从句结构,由于是一个学术论文的开头,因此较为正式和严谨。首先是主句部分:“A new study analyzed data”,意为“一项新的研究分析了数据”。然后是一个由逗号引导的从句:“from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures, using electrodes on the surface of their brain”,这个从句通过介词短语“from 29 people”说明了数据的来源,接着使用了非限制性定语从句“monitored for epileptic seizures”来修饰“people”,这个从句说明了这些人被监测是因为他们患有癫痫,最后通过介词短语“using electrodes on the surface of their brain”进一步说明了监测的方法,即使用了在他们大脑表面的电极。
拆分解析:
- 主句:A new study analyzed data.
- 从句1:from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures。
- 介词短语“from 29 people”说明了数据的来源。
- 非限制性定语从句“monitored for epileptic seizures”修饰“people”,说明了这些人被监测的原因。
- 从句2:using electrodes on the surface of their brain。
- 介词短语“using electrodes”进一步说明了监测的方法。
翻译:一项新的研究分析了来自29名癫痫患者的数据,这些患者使用在他们大脑表面的电极进行监测。
2. 原句: "Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech."
解析: 这个句子包含了一个虽然...但是...的复合句结构,用来表达对比关系。首先是主句:“the researchers expect their results to be most useful”,意为“研究人员期待他们的研究结果最有用”,然后通过转折连词“Although”引出对比的从句:“the findings focused on music”,意为“研究结果集中在音乐方面”,这个从句说明了研究的内容,虽然研究结果是关于音乐的,但是主句表达了研究人员的期待,即这些结果对将脑电波翻译成人类语音最有用。
拆分解析:
- 主句:the researchers expect their results to be most useful。
- 从句:Although the findings focused on music。
- 转折连词“Although”引出对比的从句。
- 从句说明了研究的内容。
翻译:尽管研究结果集中在音乐方面,但研究人员期待他们的研究结果最有用,即将脑电波翻译成人类语音。
3. 原句:“To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI) model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery.”
解释:这个句子是一个复杂的复合句,其中包含了一个目的状语从句。主句是:“researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI) model to decode data”,意思是“研究人员训练了一个人工智能模型来解码数据”,然后通过不定式短语“to turn brain activity data into musical sound”来说明训练模型的目的。接着,从句通过关系代词“that”引出修饰“electrodes”的定语从句,“attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery”,这个从句是一个时间状语从句,说明了电极被附在参与者身上的时间和情境。
拆分解析:
- 主句:researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI) model to decode data。
- 目的状语从句:To turn brain activity data into musical sound。
- 定语从句:attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery。
- 时间状语从句,说明了电极被附在参与者身上的时间和情境。
翻译:“为了将脑活动数据转化为音乐声音,研究人员训练了一个人工智能模型来解码从数千个电极捕获的数据,这些电极在参与者进行手术时听歌时被附着在他们身上。”
4. 原句:“Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody.”
解释:这句话主要是在说明演讲的特点,其中包括了一个由连字符连接的短横项目列表,用来描述语音的特征。主语是“Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author”,谓语是“explains”,说明了解释这一行为的主体和行为。然后通过定语从句“the study’s lead author”进一步解释了主语的身份。主句的宾语从句“speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody”,详细解释了演讲的特点,包括了一个描述演讲特征的项目列表。
拆分解析:
- 主句:Ludovic Bellier explains。
- 定语从句:the study’s lead author。
- 宾语从句:speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody。
翻译:“研究的主要作者Ludovic Bellier解释说,无论语言如何,演讲都具有小的旋律差异,包括节奏、重音、口音和语调,这被称为韵律。”
5. 原句:“Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands—or brains— of patients.”
解释:这个句子是一个简单的主从复合句,其中包含了一个条件状语从句。主句是:“Several barriers remain”,意思是“几个障碍依然存在”,然后通过转折连词“before”引出了一个条件状语从句:“we can put this technology in the hands—or brains— of patients”,说明了在哪些情况下这些障碍可以被克服。
拆分解析:
- 主句:Several barriers remain。
- 条件状语从句:before we can put this technology in the hands—or brains— of patients。
翻译:“在我们把这项技术交到患者的手中——或大脑中——之前,还有一些障碍需要克服。”
【任务四:全文翻译】
研究人员希望脑植入物有一天能帮助失语症患者恢复他们的声音——甚至可能唱歌。现在,科学家们首次证明了大脑的电活动可以被解码并用来重构音乐。一项新研究分析了来自29名被监测癫痫发作的人的数据,使用电极放置在他们大脑表面。当参与者听选定的歌曲时,电极捕捉到与音乐元素相关的大脑活动,如音调、节奏和歌词。罗伯特·奈特(Robert Knight)和他的同事们利用机器学习重新构建了参与者听到的内容,并发表了他们的研究结果。这篇论文首次提出了科学家可以“秘密听取”大脑来合成音乐的观点。为了将脑活动数据转化为音乐声音,研究人员训练了一个人工智能模型,来解码成千上万个电极捕获的数据,这些电极被附着在参与者身上,当他们在接受手术时听歌。一旦大脑数据通过模型输入,音乐就会回响起来。该模型还显示了一些大脑部位对歌曲的不同音乐特征做出的反应。尽管研究结果集中在音乐方面,研究人员期待他们的研究结果对将脑电波翻译成人类语音最有用。研究的主要作者Ludovic Bellier解释说,语音,无论语言如何,都具有小的旋律差异——节奏、重音、口音和语调,这被称为韵律。这些元素传递了我们无法仅靠单词沟通的含义。他希望这个模型能改进脑-计算机接口(BCI),这是一种记录与语音相关的脑波并使用算法重构意图信息的辅助设备。这项技术,尚处于初期阶段,可能会帮助因失语症而失去说话能力的人们。未来的研究应该调查这些模型是否可以从参与者听到的音乐扩展到想象中的内部语音。如果脑-计算机接口能够重新创造出带有音乐中所发现的韵律和情感的语音,那么它将提供一个比单纯的文字更丰富的沟通体验。在将这项技术交到患者的手中——或大脑中——之前,还存在一些障碍。目前的模型依赖于外科植入物。随着记录技术的改善,希望能够非侵入性地收集数据,可能使用超灵敏的电极。然而,在目前的技术下,这种方法可能导致将数据解码为自然语音的速度降低。研究人员还希望通过将电极更紧密地包裹在大脑表面上来改善回放的清晰度,从而更详细地观察大脑产生的电活动交响乐。

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