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专题17 如何细化肢体动作
动作细节描写中写到一连串的几个动作时，我们可以使用并列谓语来表达。我们常常可以用“A and B”或者“A,B and C”这两种结构来处理。当然，也没有必要在一个句子中塞进所有的动作2~4个动作是比较合理的。
在读后续写中使用动作链的方法：
逻辑连接： 动作链的每个环节都应该与前后环节有逻辑上的关联，使整个链条自然流畅。
感官描写： 在动作链中加入对感官的描写，如视觉、听觉、触觉等，可以让读者更全面地感受到场景。
情感表达： 利用动作链展示人物内心的情感变化，使读者更深入地了解人物的心理状态。
细节描写： 增加一些细节描写，如动作的细微变化、环境的变化等，让故事更具生动感。
时间流逝： 利用动作链展示时间的流逝，有助于读者感受到故事的发展和事件的推移。
例1 看到失散多年的儿子，她将其一把抱住。
可以把“抱”这个动作按时间拆分为：冲上前，搂入怀中。再用“A and B”
She dashed forward,and gathered her son into her arms.
例2 先看一眼奖杯，深吸一口气，说道：“谢谢!”。
用“A,B and C”这个结构：
She glanced at the trophy, took a deep breath and said,“Thank you!”
例3：发表获奖感言。
按时间拆分为：先看一下奖杯，深吸一口气，说道：“谢谢吞吞！”，再用A,B and C这个结构：She glanced at the trophy, took a deep breath and said,“Thank TUNTUN!”
此外，A,B and C也不一定都表示连续的动作，有时也可以表示并列，比如下面这两个例子。
例4：We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
翻译：我们冲着这只喊，猛烈地敲锅，还冲着天上开空枪。
例5：Every night, lying awake in bed, I waited for the the train to stop, waited for the sound of his work boots dropping on the step, and waited for his voice calling,“I’m home!”
翻译：每天晚上，我醒着躺在床上，等待火车到站，等待他的工作靴落在台阶上的声音，等待他说“我到家了”。
“and”连接多个并列谓语动词
1. She walked to the cash register and paid the money.
2. I rushed home, searched through my collection of hats, and grabbed the cotton one.
3. He stopped the taxi , jumped in with the suitcase and told the driver, "Go to the police station , please.”4. The boys rushed excitedly to the lake, took off their clothes and jumped into the water.
5. She dashed forward , knelt down and gathered her son into her arms.
6. The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.
7. We crossed big rivers and vast plains, climbed high mountains, and overlooked deep valleys.
8. He reached deep into his pocket，pulled out a handful of change，and held it up to the farmer.
9. He put on his coat, stormed out and slammed the door shut.
10. Lorna came to the window, opened it and looked out up at the night sky.
动作链除了用连词以外，也能用非谓语动词衔接动作。比如，“征战多年后，战士回到家中，发现家人已经搬走了。”Having fought in the war for years, the solider returned to his home,only to find his families had moved away.
例1 征战多年后，战士回到家中，发现家人已经搬走了。
Having fought in the war for years, the soldier returned to his home, only to find his families had moved away.
这句话的三个动作中，中间的returned为谓语动词，前后分别用了having done和to do两种非谓语形式。having done可以表示“已经做了……”, only to do是结果状语。比如这句话中，就强调这个战士在沙场上征战多年后才回到了家乡。
例2 排了三个小时的队后，他被告知票卖完了。
He queued for 3 hours, and was told that the tickets had been sold out.
Having queued for 3 hours, he was told that the tickets had been sold out.
例3：排了三个小时的队后，他被告知票卖完了。
Having queued for 3 hours, he was told that the tickets had been sold out.
例4：哈利波特收到光轮2000后高兴得不知所措。
Having received the Nimbus 2000, Harry Potter was so happy that he was at a loss what to do.
-ing现在分词，凸显主动，同一对象同时发生不同的动作。
例1 老人静坐/老人静坐=坐在夕阳下 + 看报纸 + 听广播
The old man sat under the sunset, reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.
例2 他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。
He was overwhelmed with joy, singing and dancing in the rain.
-ed过去分词，凸显被动
例1 “孩子们哭了”感动哭了= 被感动 + 哭了
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
例2 被老师的话所鼓舞，Lucy举起了手，小声说，“我来。
Encouraged by the teacher's words, Lucy raised her hand, whispering,“I’ll do it.”
例3 被眼前的这一幕吓坏了，他一动不动，不知道该说什么。
Terrified by the scene in front of him, he was rooted to the spot, being at a loss what to say.
故该处用过去分词bought。)
非谓语动词表达多个动作
1. Walking to the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath.
2. Holding the necklace in her hand, Jenny lifted her lip, tears beginning to blur her vision.
3. Hearing this, her mother smiled, patting her back gently.
4. He dove into the water, kicking his legs and stretching his arms as far as he could.
5. Seeing the coat in the bag, he looked very astonished and then called his mother to go out.
6. Feeling stronger now.Jane walked along the stream, hoping that it would lead her to the lake.
7. Standing beside the empty road, they looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace from within.
8. Throwing the overcoat across her arm, she crossed the hall quietly.
9. Rushing towards the door, she opened it , saying, “Here, Edmond here I am”.
10. His mother, standing at the door, cried tears of joy.
11. Putting the book where it belonged, the boy tiptoed out of the room as lightly as possible.
12. Jane got to her feet shakily, approached her husband and threw herself into his arms, sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.
例1：Standing beside the empty road, they looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace from within.
他们站在空旷的路边，仰望着天空，感受着这份珍贵的平静。
例2：Gathering around the campfire, they feasted on BBQ, enjoying the unforgettable moment.
围在营火旁，他们吃着烧烤，享受着这一令人难忘的时光。
例1：Terrified by the scene in front of him, he was rooted to the spot, being at a loss what to say.
被眼前的这一幕吓坏了，他一动也不动，不知道该说什么。
例2：Encouraged by the teachers’ words, Lucy raised her hand, whispering, “I’ll do it.”
被老师的话所鼓舞，露西举起了手，小声说，“我来。”
例1：He was overwhelmed with joy, singing and dancing in the rain.
他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。
例2：He clapped his hands with excitement, nodding and smiling.
他激动地鼓掌，一边点头，一边微笑。
例1：With his head drooping, he leaned on the tree, reflecting on what had happened.
他头耷拉着，背靠在树上，反思之前发生的一切。
常见动词升级示例：
“说”：低语whisper / mumble / murmur，结巴：stutter，宣布announce / declare，保证promise / assure，建议propose / suggest，喊叫：cry out / shout / scream / yell / exclaim / howl（因疼痛、愤怒、开心等）大声叫喊，roar咆哮，吼叫，sign叹息 boast 自夸
“看”： catch a glance of 瞥一眼/ stare at / gaze at 凝视/ glare at 怒视/ glue one’s eyes to盯着; sb can’t take one’s eyes off 无法将视线移开 cast a meaningful/suspicious look at sb 意味深长地/怀疑地看着 blink 眨眼 look sb in the eye 直视
“走”：walk/stroll散步, tiptoe /creep手蹑脚地走，slip, steal into溜走，march 齐步走stride/prance 阔步走pace 踱步limp 蹒跚
“抓”：seize / grasp / grab / clutch / take hold of / catch hold of / hold on to
“跑”：rush/dash/race猛冲, 急速移动；rise to one’s feet站起来；spring / jump to one’s feet 一跃而起, 跳起；slide / slip into溜进；flee away 逃跑
“跳”：spring / jump to one’s feet 一跃而起, 跳起；rise to one’s feet站起来
“哭”：weep, sob (啜泣)
“吃”：bite (咬) chew（咀嚼) swallow (吞下)
技法示例：
1. 她看了一眼。She glanced at him.
升级：She shot her a meaningful look. 她向他意味深长地看了一眼。
2. 贝利紧盯着他。Belli looked at him closely.
升级：Belli’s diamond eyes locked on to her. 贝利钻石般的眼睛紧盯着她。
3. 我把他的名字忘记了。I forgot his name.
升级：His name had completely slipped from my memory. 他的名字，我竟忘得一干二净。
4. 小男孩对他妈妈说对不起。The little boy said sorry to his mother.
升级：The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother. 小男孩垂着头，咕哝着向他母亲道歉。
Step1分解动作Divide the action into several steps；
Step2合并动作Combine a chain of actions together；
Step3美化动作Modify and beautify the action；
类型1：主语+谓语A,B and C.
动作链一般以三连动为主，多个动作一气呵成，紧凑而有节奏感，使得描写非常生动。
[注意]动作链的三个或者以上的动作，必须在时态上保持一致，常常采用A, B and C的格式。
我参加颁奖仪式的上台动作: 面带微笑—走上舞台—骄傲地挺起胸膛
I wore a smile on my face, strode onto the stage and puffed out my chest with pride.
获奖后老师对我的赞扬的动作：朝我眨眼睛—竖起了大拇指—绽放笑容
I was greeted by my teacher's smiling eyes. “Well done!” he blinked at me, gave me a thumbs-up and broadened a radiant（灿烂的） smile.
[注意] 也可以加上介词词组或者副词对动作进行美化：
with + 情感名词的搭配：
with delight / excitement / pleasure/ happiness / joy / satisfaction / anger / rage / patience / fear / terror / embarrassment / pride / caution / care / patience / certainty
with+身体部位：
with his bright eyes / its sharp teeth / her shaky hand / her pale lips…
in+名词：
in surprise / amazement / shock / sorrow伤心
in a high / low / sweet / loud / soft / weak voice 用..的嗓音
in a tone of surprise / curiosity / impatience / regret /command 用...的语气
副词 suddenly /immediately /instantly / rapidly / firmly / slowly / angrily / happily / excitedly
With a giant smile on her face, she dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her daughter into her arms tightly.
He pulled my face towards him with patience, wiped my tears, and patted my head gently.
Putting on my coat hurriedly, I grabbed my schoolbag and rushed to the school like an arrow.
类型2：非谓语doing（表示主动，与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生）, 主语+谓语 and 谓语.
他鼓起勇气，然后用一块湿毛巾去捂住自己的嘴和鼻，冲进着火的房间。
He gathered his courage and then used a wet towel to cover his mouth and nose, dashing into the burning room.
Gathering the courage, he then used a wet towel to cover his mouth and nose, dashing into the burning room.
类型3：非谓语done(作为状语表示被动/心理/状态）, 主语 + 谓语 + 无灵主语句
沉浸于快乐中，我的老师向我挥手并表达他对我的真诚祝贺，一股幸福的感觉立刻向我袭来。
Immersed in the enjoyment, he waved at me and expressed his sincere congratulations on me, a wave of happiness immediately swept over me.
类型4：非谓语Having done（先于主句谓语动作发生）, 主语+谓语A.
听从了老师的指导之后，我才开始用有趣的方式去与热情的观众互动。
Having followed his teacher’s instructions, I began to interact with the enthusiastic audience in a funny way.
技法示例：
1. 她抱住女儿。She hugged her daughter.
分解：dash forward --- knee down --- gather
合并：She dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her daughter into her arms.
美化：With a giant smile on her face, she dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her daughter into her arms tightly.
2. 她去捉蝴蝶。She went to catch the butterfly.
分解：creep爬, bend弯腰, cup（使成杯型）
合并：She crept along the path, bent over and cupped her hands around the butterfly.
美化：She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently. 她蹑手蹑脚地走着小路，迅速弯下腰，轻轻地绕着蝴蝶。
3. 朝狼扔石块。
分解：Pick up --- aim at --- throw
合并：Having picked up a stone, he aimed at the wolf and threw it to the wolf.
美化：Having picked up a stone firmly, he aimed at the fierce wolf carefully and threw it straight to the wolf with all his strength.
4. 我早上匆忙去上学。
分解：Put on my coat --- grabbed my schoolbag --- rushed to school
合并：I put on my coat, grabbed my schoolbag and rushed to the school.
美化：Putting on my coat hurriedly, I grabbed my schoolbag and rushed to the school like an arrow.
5. 这个歌手在台上唱歌。
分解：Glanced at the audience --- took a deep breath --- began to sing
合并：The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.
美化：Anxiously glancing at the audience, the singer took a deep breath and began to sing with emotion.
把动作和面部表情，声音, 心理，语言, 环境等结合，形成动作面。从整体→局部，从肢体→面部→语言/心理描写，从多个角度描绘一个场景。
Type 1：Done，句子主干，doing
受到老师的话鼓励，Tom举起手,低声说:”我决定参加.”
Encouraged by the teacher's words, Tom raised her hand, whispering/murmuring,“I decide to participate in it.”
被吓得要死， 麦克面色苍白，像一片树叶一样浑身颤抖。
Frightened to death, Mac turned as white as a sheet, trembling all over like a leaf.
Type 2：Doing, 句子主干，doing
站在草地上，他们拉着手，抬头看着天空，感受着来自内心的那份宝贵的宁静。
Standing on the grass, they held hands together and looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace from within.
内心充满愤怒， 他用他那恐怖的大眼睛瞪着我，吼道：“你是个傻子”
Burning with anger, he glared at me with his big frightening eyes, yelling, “You’re such an idiot.”
Type 3 ：With复合结构或独立主格结构，句子主干,（doing)
手里拿着花, Mindy站在大海旁边, 微笑着低头看着自己的花,想象着未来充满前景的生活.
With a bunch of flowers in her hands, Mindy stood beside the sea and looked down at the flowers with a smile, imagining her promising life in the future.
我的脸气红了，跑上跑下，想要毁掉路上的任何东西。
My face red with anger, I raced up and down，wanting to destroy everything that came in my way.
技法示例：
1. 面部--- 睁大眼睛惊恐万分
肢体 --- 逃走
语言/心理 --- 大喊妈妈
Widening his eyes in extreme horror, Sheldon fled away, screaming, “Mom, help!”
2. 心理 --- 受老师鼓舞
肢体 --- 举起手
语言 --- 小声说“我来”
Encouraged by the teacher's words, he raised his hand, whispering “I volunteer.” 受到老师的鼓舞，他举起手，小声说道：“我来” (whisper小声说)
头部动作：
buried/held his head in hands埋头
dropped/lowered/bent/ducked his head in shame 低头
scratched/shook/nodded/raised his head挠头/摇头/点头/抬头
面部动作：
his face lit up/ brightened/glowed 喜形于色
His face paled with fright 吓白了 His face flushed/ burned with embarrassment 面颊发烫
wore a shining smile on one ' s face 脸上挂着灿烂的笑容 be all smiles 满脸笑容
his face beamed with delight/joy 面露喜色 He had a slight frown on his face. 愁眉不展
眼部动作：
fixed one’s eyes on/gazed at/stared at/glued one’s eyes to 盯着
looked her father straight in the eye直视glared at/shot him an angry look 怒视 glance at瞥见
cast her an admiring glance 投去钦佩的目光 threw me a frightened glance 惊恐地看着我
narrow/widen/shut/raise his eyes 眯眼/睁大/眯眼/闭眼/ 抬眼
her eyes shone/ sparked/ sparkled/ glowed with excitement闪耀，闪烁
her eyes brimmed with/filled with tears眼里充满泪水
(with) tears blurred/clouded her eyes/vision.模糊双眼
tears welled up in my eyes泪水涌出来
Tears rolled/streamed/flowed/poured his cheeks/face流下来
嘴部动作：
bite his lips咬唇cupped/covered his mouth 捂住嘴
My heart was in my mouth 心提到嗓眼
He froze, his mouth hanging open.呆住了，嘴张开着
His mouth widened to a smile. 咧嘴笑。
耳部动作：
his words was ringing in his ears在耳边萦绕
He was beaming/He smiled from ear to ear.他笑得合不拢嘴
My heart was pounding/ ringing/ echoing in my ears. 心在怦怦地跳
手部动作：
took/held the child's hand牵手 waved one’s arms挥舞着胳膊;
patted sb on the shoulder 拍...肩膀 threw oneself into one’s arms投入...的怀抱
gathered/locked her in her arms 拥抱 held out/reached out a hand 伸出手
reached his hand into his pocket伸进口袋 clapped/raised his hands 拍/举手
腿部动作：
dragged his legs back home 拖着腿 rushed into冲进去
slipped into溜进去 quickened one’s pace加快步伐 knelt down跪下
stormed in/ out冲进来/出去 fled away逃走
strode away 阔步走开 rose to his feet on shaky legs 颤抖地站起来
脚部动作：
dragged her feet 拖着缓慢的步子jumped/rose/leaped/sprung to her feet跳起来
stamped/tapped his feet跺脚 struggled to one’s feet挣扎着站起来;
心脏动作：
One’s heart sank/dropped心情沉重 heart melted心软/心融化了
heart beat fast/wildly 心跳加快 heart pounded with excitement 心砰砰跳
one’s heart ached 心痛
连贯动作法一般用来描写一个人的动作过程，如跳高、跳远、游泳、切菜、烧饭、钓鱼、挑水等。描写连贯动作时，要按动作的顺序依次进行描写，这样文章才能通顺、连贯。其次要准确地运用动词描写人物的行为。在描写每一个动作时，不仅要写清人物做了什么，还要写出人物是在什么情境、背景下做的，是怎么做的——写出人物动作表现时的神态、语言、心理等。
·He grabbed the ball, dribbled it down the court, and slammed it through the hoop.
他抓住球，运球穿过球场，然后大力扣篮。
·She picked up her books, slung her backpack over her shoulder, and hurried out the door.
她拿起书，把背包甩到肩上，匆匆出了门。
·He snatched the paper from the table, scanned it quickly, and then tossed it aside.
他从桌子上抓起论文，快速地扫了一眼，然后扔到了一边。
·She grabbed her purse, slung it over her shoulder, and hurried out of the store.
她抓起钱包，把它甩到肩上，匆匆走出了商店。
分解动作法，就是把一个大动作分解成几个连贯的小动作，用慢镜头的方式一一描绘出来。我们都知道，在日常生活中，许多事都是有连续性的，在一段时间内是由若干连续的小动作完成的。描写时，如果把事情发展过程中每个人物所作的一连串动作都写出来，读者就无法对它有个清楚的认识。采用分解动作法描写人物行动时，要注意抓住人物行动过程中最主要、最精彩的几个镜头进行描写，不必面面俱到。
·He took a deep breath, steadied himself, and then dived into the pool.
他深深吸了口气，稳住自己，然后跳进了游泳池。
·She opened the book, found the page she wanted, and began to read.
她打开书，找到她想找的那一页，然后开始阅读。
·He took a step back, raised his arm, and then threw the ball with all his might.
他后退一步，举起手臂，然后用尽全力扔出了球。
·She picked up the phone, dialed the number, and waited for it to ring.
她拿起电话，拨了号码，然后等待着电话响起。
对照动作法是通过两个人或两组人动作的对比，来揭示人物的内心活动和思想感情，表现文章的中心思想。运用对照动作法描写人物行动时，要注意围绕文章中心，抓住重点部分，精心选择对比的内容，做到既符合人物身份，又能突出文章中心。其次描写时，要一边叙事一边写人，既写出人物在做些什么，又写出人物在想些什么。这样，人物的行动和心理活动才能一致起来。
·He sat alone at the table, while she stood by the window, lost in thought.他独自坐在桌子旁，而她站在窗边，陷入了沉思。
·She spoke loudly and confidently, while he mumbled his words and looked down at his feet.
她说话大声而自信，而他则咕哝着说话，低头看着他的脚。
·He sat in silence, while she chattered away, excited about the plan.
他沉默地坐着，而她则喋喋不休地说着，对这个计划感到兴奋。
·She danced around the room, while he sat still, feeling awkward and out of place.
她在房间里跳舞，而他则一动不动地坐着，感到尴尬和不自在。
细节描写就是对人物行动过程中的那些细微的环节进行描写。细节描写可突出人物性格。
·He fumbled with the keys, finally finding the right one and unlocking the door.
他摸索着钥匙，终于找到了正确的钥匙并打开了门。
·She ran her fingers through her hair, tucking a strand behind her ear.
她用手指梳理着头发，把一绺头发拨到耳后。
·He rubbed his eyes, yawned, and then reached for his coffee cup.
他揉了揉眼睛，打了个哈欠，然后伸手去拿咖啡杯。
·She bit her lip, nervously fidgeting with her hands as she waited for the results.
她咬了咬嘴唇，紧张地摆弄着双手，等待着结果。

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