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2023年6月天津高考英语真题卷
ABCD阅读理解篇基础知识点总结
（A）
Welcome to UCLA Exchange Program! Let’s get started by checking out Student Guide for your academic journey!
Signing up for ESL (English as a Second Language)
ESL courses are designed to help international students improve academic English language skills. Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students. If space is available, you may enroll. You will then be asked to take an ESL Placement Test. The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you.
Changing Your Course Enrollment List
You may change your class schedule during the first two weeks of the term by adding or dropping courses from your enrollment list. After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change. Students often attend classes in which they are not enrolled on the first day of instruction to try adding this new course to the list, as other students may have dropped it.
Withdrawing from Courses
If you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule. If you forget to officially drop that course, a “F” (Fail) grade will be registered on your record at the end of the term. If, at a later date, you wish to apply for a job or graduate school where an official copy of your UCLA record is required, it will be to your advantage to provide an impressive academic record.
Taking Exams
Some instructors choose to put previous test papers on library reserve, making them available to all students. These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material. You can also access the exams online.
【A篇总结】
【任务一：重点单词学习】
1. Enrollment
- 音标: / n r lm nt/
- 详细释义: 注册；登记
- 词组搭配:
1. Enrollment priority: 注册优先权
2. Enrollment deadline: 注册截止日期
- 派生词:
- Enroll (v.): 注册，登记
2. Placement
- 音标: / ple sm nt/
- 详细释义: 安置；定位；安排
- 词组搭配:
1. Placement test: 定位测试
2. Placement program: 安置计划
- 派生词:
- Place (v.): 放置，安排
3. Withdraw
- 音标: /w dr /
- 详细释义: 撤回；退出
- 词组搭配:
1. Withdrawal form: 退学表格
2. Withdrawal process: 退学流程
- 派生词:
- Withdrawal (n.): 撤回，退出
4. Impressive
- 音标: / m pr s v/
- 详细释义: 令人印象深刻的；给人留下深刻印象的
- 词组搭配:
1. Impressive performance: 令人印象深刻的表现
2. Impressive achievement: 令人钦佩的成就
- 派生词:
- Impress (v.): 给…留下深刻印象
5. Relevant
- 音标: / r l v nt/
- 详细释义: 相关的；切题的
- 词组搭配:
1. Relevant information: 相关信息
2. Relevant experience: 相关经验
- 派生词:
- Relevance (n.): 相关性
【任务二：高级词组搭配】
1. Academic English language skills
- 学术英语语言技能
- 例句: Improving academic English language skills is essential for success in university courses.
- 翻译: 提高学术英语语言技能对于在大学课程中取得成功至关重要。
2. Enrollment priority
- 注册优先权
- 例句: Degree students are given enrollment priority for ESL courses.
- 翻译: 学位生在ESL课程的注册优先权。
3. Schedule change
- 课程表更改
- 例句: There is a charge for each schedule change made after the second week of classes.
- 翻译: 第二周后每次课程表更改都会收取费用。
4. Officially drop
- 正式退课
- 例句: If you officially drop a course, it will not appear on your academic record.
- 翻译: 如果你正式退课，该课程将不会出现在你的学术记录上。
5. Test papers on library reserve
- 图书馆保留的试卷
- 例句: Students often refer to test papers on library reserve for practice before exams.
- 翻译: 学生们常常在考试前参考图书馆保留的试卷进行练习。
（B）
I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …
任务一：重点单词学习
1. Pursuits
- 音标: /p sju ts/
- 详细释义: 追求；事务；职业
- 词组搭配:
1. Pursuits of happiness (追求幸福)
2. Academic pursuits (学业追求)
- 所有派生词: pursue (v. 追求，追逐)
2. Encourage
- 音标: / n k r d /
- 详细释义: 鼓励；支持
- 词组搭配:
1. Encourage someone to do something (鼓励某人做某事)
2. Encourage positive behavior (鼓励积极行为)
- 所有派生词: encouragement (n. 鼓励), encouraged (adj. 受鼓舞的), encouraging (adj. 鼓舞人心的)
3. Permission
- 音标: /p m n/
- 详细释义: 许可；同意
- 词组搭配:
1. Seek permission (寻求许可)
2. Permission granted (许可已获得)
- 所有派生词: permissible (adj. 可允许的), permissionless (adj. 无需许可的)
4. Passion
- 音标: / p n/
- 详细释义: 激情；热情
- 词组搭配:
1. Pursue one's passion (追求自己的激情)
2. Passion for music (对音乐的热情)
- 所有派生词: passionate (adj. 充满激情的), passionately (adv. 充满激情地)
5. Ability
- 音标: / b l ti/
- 详细释义: 能力；才能
- 词组搭配:
1. Natural ability (天赋)
2. Develop abilities (培养能力)
- 所有派生词: able (adj. 有能力的), inability (n. 无能)
6. Community
- 音标: /k mju n ti/
- 详细释义: 社区；团体
- 词组搭配:
1. Community service (社区服务)
2. Community engagement (社区参与)
- 所有派生词: communal (adj. 社区的), community-driven (adj. 社区驱动的)
7. Pursue
- 音标: /p sju /
- 详细释义: 追求；继续进行
- 词组搭配:
1. Pursue a career (追求事业)
2. Pursue one's dreams (追求梦想)
- 所有派生词: pursuit (n. 追求，事务), pursued (adj. 追求的)
8. Drawn
- 音标: /dr n/
- 详细释义: 被吸引；被勾引
- 词组搭配:
1. Drawn to something/someone (被某事/某人吸引)
2. Feel drawn (感到被吸引)
- 所有派生词: drawing (n. 图画), drawer (n. 抽屉)
9. Annoyed
- 音标: / n d/
- 详细释义: 恼怒的；烦扰的
- 词组搭配:
1. Easily annoyed (易怒的)
2. Annoyed by something (对某事感到恼火)
- 所有派生词: annoyance (n. 恼怒), annoying (adj. 令人讨厌的)
10. Wild
- 音标: /wa ld/
- 详细释义: 狂野的；野生的
- 词组搭配:
1. Wild animals (野生动物)
2. Go wild (狂热)
- 所有派生词: wilderness (n. 荒野), wildly (adv. 狂野地)
11. Desperate
- 音标: / d sp r t/
- 详细释义: 绝望的；拼命的
- 词组搭配:
1. Desperate situation (绝望的情况)
2. Desperate measures (拼命的措施)
- 所有派生词: desperately (adv. 绝望地), desperation (n. 绝望)
12. Flooding
- 音标: / fl d /
- 详细释义: 洪水；泛滥
- 词组搭配:
1. Flooding the market (市场泛滥)
2. Flooding the area (地区洪水泛滥)
- 所有派生词: flood (v. 淹没), floodgate (n. 水闸)
13. Chosen
- 音标: / t o zn/
- 详细释义: 被选择的；精选的
- 词组搭配:
1. Chosen career path (选择的职业道路)
2. Chosen few (少数
精英)
- 所有派生词: choose (v. 选择), choice (n. 选择)
14. Slid
- 音标: /sl d/
- 详细释义: 滑动；滑落
- 词组搭配:
1. Slid down (滑下)
2. Slid into place (滑入位置)
- 所有派生词: slide (n. 滑动), sliding (adj. 滑动的)
15. Thrilled
- 音标: /θr ld/
- 详细释义: 兴奋的；激动的
- 词组搭配:
1. Thrilled to do something (兴奋地做某事)
2. Thrilled with excitement (激动不已)
- 所有派生词: thrilling (adj. 令人激动的), thrill (n. 激动)
任务二：高级词组搭配
1. Turn point (转折点)
- Example: Learning the violin marked a significant turn point in Tara's life.
(学习小提琴标志着塔拉生活中一个重要的转折点。)
2. Wild with joy (因喜悦而狂野)
- Example: Tara felt wild with joy when she discovered her passion for the violin.
(当塔拉发现自己对小提琴的热情时，她感到欣喜若狂。)
3. Desperate efforts (拼命的努力)
- Example: Despite her fear of water, Tara made desperate efforts to excel in swimming.
(尽管害怕水，塔拉还是拼命努力在游泳上取得成功。)
4. Rise in ability (能力的提升)
- Example: Tara's dedication to practicing the violin led to a rapid rise in her ability.
(塔拉对练习小提琴的投入使她的能力迅速提升。)
5. Warm, dry towel (温暖干燥的毛巾)
- Example: After each swim meet, Tara's father was there with a warm, dry towel to comfort her.
(每次游泳比赛后，塔拉的父亲都会拿着一条温暖干燥的毛巾来安慰她。)
6. Sweetest sound (最美的声音)
- Example: To Tara, the violin produced the sweetest sound she had ever heard.
(对于塔拉来说，小提琴发出的声音是她听过的最美的声音。)
7. Run all the way (一路狂奔)
- Example: Excited about joining the orchestra, Tara ran all the way home to share the news.
(对于加入乐队感到兴奋，塔拉一路狂奔回家分享这个消息。)
8. Dive into (投入；专心于)
- Example: Tara decided to dive into her passion for the violin with full dedication.
(塔拉决定全身心投入她对小提琴的热情之中。)
（c）
Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be.
The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.
One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through.
The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently.
Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario.
However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives.
Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research.
Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character.
Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail.
And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination.
Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures.
And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world.
This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.
任务一：重点单词学习
1. Judgement
- 音标: / d d m nt/
- 详细中文释义: 判断；裁决；判决
- 词组搭配:
1. Exercise judgment (行使判断)
2. Use good judgment (运用良好的判断力)
- 所有派生词: judge (n. 法官；裁判), judgmental (adj. 好评断的), judging (adj. 评判的)
2. Indicator
- 音标: / nd ke t r/
- 详细中文释义: 指示器；指示物；指标
- 词组搭配:
1. Economic indicators (经济指标)
2. Health indicators (健康指标)
- 所有派生词: indicate (v. 表明；指示), indication (n. 表示；指示)
3. Preference
- 音标: / pr f r ns/
- 详细中文释义: 偏爱；优先权
- 词组搭配:
1. Personal preference (个人偏好)
2. Show preference (表现出偏爱)
- 所有派生词: prefer (v. 更喜欢), preferable (adj. 更可取的)
4. Teasing
- 音标: / ti z /
- 详细中文释义: 戏弄；逗弄
- 词组搭配:
1. Teasing behavior (戏弄行为)
2. Teasing someone (逗弄某人)
- 所有派生词: tease (v. 戏弄；调戏), teaser (n. 戏弄者)
5. Scenario
- 音标: /s n ri.o /
- 详细中文释义: 情景；剧情
- 词组搭配:
1. Real-life scenario (现实情境)
2. Hypothetical scenario (假设情景)
- 所有派生词: scenarist (n. 编剧), scenario planning (情景规划)
6. Experimenter
- 音标: / k sp r m nt r/
- 详细中文释义: 实验者；试验者
- 词组搭配:
1. Professional experimenter (专业实验者)
2. Skilled experimenter (熟练的试验者)
- 所有派生词: experiment (n. 实验), experimental (adj. 实验性的)
7. Patient
- 音标: / pe nt/
- 详细中文释义: 耐心的；病人
- 词组搭配:
1. Be patient with someone (对某人有耐心)
2. Show patience (表现出耐心)
- 所有派生词: patience (n. 耐心), patiently (adv. 耐心地)
8. Accidentally
- 音标: / ks d nt li/
- 详细中文释义: 意外地；偶然地
- 词组搭配:
1. Accidentally drop (意外掉落)
2. Accidentally break (意外破坏)
- 所有派生词: accident (n. 意外), accidental (adj. 偶然的)
9. Examine
- 音标: / ɡ z m n/
- 详细中文释义: 检查；审查
- 词组搭配:
1. Examine closely (仔细检查)
2. Examine the evidence (审查证据)
- 所有派生词: examination (n. 检查), examiner (n. 检查员)
任务二：高级词组搭配
1. Make eye contact (保持眼神交流)
- Example: The dogs made eye contact with the experimenter during the study.
(研究中，狗与实验者保持了眼神交流。)
2. Stay closer to (靠近)
- Example: The dogs stayed closer to the screen after the "unable" scenario.
(在“无法”情境之后，狗靠近了屏幕。)
3. Move the treat towards (将食物移向)
- Example: The experimenter moved the treat towards the hole to test the dogs' reactions.
(实验者将食物移向孔以测试狗的反应。)
4. Pass it through (通过)
- Example: The experimenter attempted to pass the treat through the hole to the dogs.
(实验者试图把食物通过孔递给狗。)
5. Pull it out of reach (拉开，使无法触及)
- Example: In the "unwilling" scenario, the experimenter pulled the treat out of reach of the dogs.
(在“不愿意”情境中，实验者将食物拉到了狗无法触及的地方。)
6. Play out (上演；发生)
- Example: After the scenarios played out, the researchers analyzed the dogs' behaviors.
(情境发生后，研究人员分析了狗的行为。)
7. Wander around (四处漫游)
- Example: In the "unwilling" scenario, the dogs tended to wander around instead of focusing on the experimenter.
(在“不愿意”情境中，狗倾向于四处漫
游，而不是专注于实验者。)
8. Observe that (观察到)
- Example: The researchers observed that the dogs reacted differently to the two scenarios.
(研究人员观察到，狗对这两种情境有不同的反应。)

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