资源简介

浦北县2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中考试
英语
（时间120分钟，满分150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What will Nick do tonight
A．Attend a party. B．Go to a concert. C．Rest at home.
2．What does the woman look forward to
A．Meeting her aunt. B．Finishing her work. C．Traveling with the man.
3．What subject is the woman taking
A．Biology. B．Chemistry. C．Physics.
4．Who will be absent from the dinner
A．Vicky. B．Amy. C．The speakers’mother.
5．How may the woman feel about the news
A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Angry.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the man make the call
A．He hurt his back.
B．He wants more medicine.
C．He feels pain in his shoulder.
7．When would the man like to see the doctor tomorrow
A．At 9:00 am. B．At 11:00 am. C．At 4:00 pm.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。
8．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Weekend plans. B．Social network usage. C．The best messaging app.
9．What is the woman’s attitude toward David’s behavior
A．Understanding. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving.
10．How many people does David text regularly
A.5． B．6． C．10．
听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。
11．What is Neth doing on the Internet
A．Doing some research.
B．Reading some news.
C．Searching for volunteer work.
12．What does the woman often offer to do
A．Help some kids with study.
B．Feed the homeless people.
C．Hold birthday parties for the poor.
13．Which program provides school supplies for at-risk kids
A．NEST Buddies. B．NEST Kares. C．NEST Nurtures.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。
14．Where does the conversation take place
A．On a train. B．In a bookstore. C．In a travel agency.
15．What kinds of books does the woman like to read
A．Those with powerful men.
B．Those about the history of England.
C．Those with strong female characters.
16．What does the man say about Jane Austen’s writing
A．It is full of emotion. B．It is humorous. C．It is frightening.
17．What will the man do next
A．Recommend some books.
B．Talk with the woman’s children.
C．Stop interrupting the woman’s reading.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。
18．What is the speaker
A．A reporter. B．A program producer. C．A scientist.
19．Where did the speaker do the task
A．In a boat. B．At a university. C．At a TV station.
20．Why are the sharks returning
A．There is more food to eat.
B．The water quality is better.
C．Hunting is forbidden.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you know there are apps that make it easy to help others, our planet, and ourselves, so we lead more giving and meaningful lives Check out four of the best ones and spring into action!
Be My Eyes
This app connects visually impaired people in need of some help with sighted people with a few minutes of spare time to offer through video calls. The help needed may be something like finding a missing object in the home. This app is available in over 150 countries and in more than 150 languages. Volunteers register and de tail which languages they speak. When someone needs help, a message reminder appears on their device.
Zooniverse
Want to help with cutting edge global research Zooniverse is an app with millions of registered volunteers that lets you become a citizen researcher! Help professional scientific researchers through your mobile device or the companion website. Global volunteers taking part in this exciting crowd sourcing project typically don’t have a scientific background but their contribution is highly valued.
My Selfless Act
This is a social networking site and app promoting the idea of giving back to the community through volunteering. It offers information on local volunteering opportunities globally and encourages the sharing of ideas and activities.
Aloe Bud
Created by someone who struggles with his mental illness, routine and remembering daily self-care, Aloe Bud is a welcoming and simple “self-care pocket companion” app. It gently reminds users about self-care activities in physical, mental and emotional needs. These reminders relate to anything from drinking enough water to taking screen breaks to maintaining connections.
21．What is Zooniverse intended to do
A．Help with disabled people. B．Provide access to research.
C．Share community resources. D．Organize self-care activities.
22．What is probably the major concern of users who choose Aloe Bud
A．Personal well-being. B．Community service.
C．Professional development. D．Volunteering information.
23．Which app targets users with eye problems
A．Aloe Bud. B．Zooniverse. C．Be My Eyes. D．My Selfless Act.
B
I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.
It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.
Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situation al needs, and adapting when circumstances change.
However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons（变色龙）whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.
I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: eudaimonia（幸福感）. Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism（享乐主义）, the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.
Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” To me, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.
24．What is the author’s belief
A．People should live alone.
B．People can’t always be happy.
C．People can’t always achieve their goals.
D．People should pursue true achievements.
25．What do emotionally flexible people commit themselves to
A．Their strongly believed values. B．Their different needs.
C．Permanent happiness. D．The pursuit of hedonism.
26．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author
A．By being honest to others. B．By changing true nature.
C．By keeping realistically optimistie. D．By pursuing pleasure constantly.
27．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．What is the meaning of eudaimonia
B．What should we do to keep positive
C．How can we keep happy forever
D．Why can’t people be happy all the time
C
Buddy or Friendship Benches（长椅）are needed because playgrounds can be lonely places some times. When a school places the bench, they teach a little lesson to the kids on how it is to be used. Then when a child sits on the bench, it sends out a message to others that basic ally says, “Hey, I’m alone right now and would welcome the company（陪伴）of others.” Kids in the playground see this and from their training, they see there is a fellow student in ne ed. They are encouraged to come over and sit on the bench and make a new friend.
Benches like this have been around for a while now in many schools. But in Ireland, they are trying to do something different with the m. This school in Cork in the south of Ireland is the 247th to get benches from a social organization called “Buddy Bench Ireland” that doesn’t just provide schools with benches, but also runs special projects with trained child psychiatrists（精神病专家）. They use the bench as an opportunity to start conversations about mental health. They talk about the importance of knowing and understanding your feelings and those of others.
Judith Ashton, a co-founder of Buddy Bench Ireland said, “T he children need to understand what the bench is about, what it represents —friendship, understanding, listening to each other and the most important thing is that it’s important to express feelings.”
But do children really use the bench It’s a matter of great public concern. Sinead Mcgilloway from Maynooth University carried out a study and said, “We found that 40% of the children told us that they had actually used the benches at the time of the study. And over 90% said that they would talk to a child if that child was sitting on the bench. So, there’s nothing to worry about.”
Children’s mental health and safety at school is increasingly a concern in many countries. I n Ireland, they’re hoping these benches will no t only tackle problems like school violence and school bullying（校园暴力和校园欺凌）, but also give students the confidence to open up about t heir feelings.
28．According to the passage, buddy benches might ______
A．make students feel relaxed
B．help students feeling lonely to find friends
C．be a symbol of psychology classes
D．appear in schools filled with problem children
29．The organization “Buddy Bench Ireland” ______.
A．makes buddy benches more popular
B．brings more new-pattern benches to schools
C．encourages more students to choose buddy benches
D．provides psychological care projects along
30．In Judith Ashton’s opinion, what students most need to know is ______.
A．how to understand each other
B．what buddy benches are about
C．the importance of expressing themselves
D．the necessity of listening to their friends
31．From what Sinead Mcgilloway said, we can know that ______.
A．60% of the children in the study disliked these benches
B．over 90% of the children in the study once felt lonely
C．he once worried about children with mental problems
D．the public don’t have to worry about the use of buddy benches
D
Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring（后代）.
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence.“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.”
Because plants don’t have neural（神经的）networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular（细胞的）, molecular（分子的）, and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory（体细胞记忆）. “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics（表现遗传）. “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.
Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence（序列）,” he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”
32．What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons
A．They have shortened their flowering time.
B．They have got more chances to reproduce.
C．They have avoided flowering in cold seasons.
D．They have adjusted their environmental clock.
33．What can we learn about somatic memory
A．It is entirely based on neural networks.
B．It can help the plants’ offspring to survive.
C．It can help relieve environmental stresses.
D．It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks.
34．What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4
A．Adjusting. B．Treasuring. C．Recording. D．Sharing.
35．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Plants are smart about flowering time
B．Plants can also adapt to climate change
C．Environmental stresses challenge plants
D．Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why are people taking pictures of their faces, their hobbies and their food Why do we capture every single moment 36
The special thing about photography is that we can capture moments anywhere and anytime. All we need for this is our smartphone—something that rarely leaves our side.
37 Every single one of us can get started with this wonderful hobby, no matter if your goal is to sell your photographs or just to keep them for your own viewing pleasure.
Every picture you take is a personal story. There is no painting without context（背景）. However, unlike a painting, you don’t need to spend hours of your time on it. 38
If you prefer to share your pictures with the world, you can also get immediate feedback（反馈）. 39 Pictures connect and show the people around us what’s going on in our life right now.
The most amazing thing for me is without question the ability to capture every single click of a button. 40 It’s crazy how the emotions of one single picture can throw you back in time. We can connect to our past, no matter where we are and preserve those memories that are most meaningful.
A．Camera phones allow us to upload our pictures in a few seconds.
B．Photography is an amazing tool to appreciate the world around us and to stay in the moment.
C．I can’t really give you an answer, because I also like taking photos of everything.
D．Compared to other forms of visual art, you don’t need any special talent for it.
E．This enables me to remember every experience as it happens.
F．It is a way to express yourself through different photographs.
G．It is a way to allow each of you to become an artist.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life, and there was nothing much wrong in my life. 41 , I was bored.
I wanted more. I wanted to live 42 and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the gray ones of everyday life. But I was 43 . I’ve never had any 44 in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of 45 , and even though I did get better as I got older, I never 46 that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really 47 .
So I 48 that the small steps weren’t enough. I signed up for an internship（实习期的工作）teaching English in Vietnam, an 49 huge step, one that terrified me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved ones. I was alone in a country where the food and the streets were 50 . I had no idea whether I would be able to 51 everything this very strange environment would 52 at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching and exploring and laughing. I’d learned to 53 myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home being 54 , even to myself let alone to others. The 55 that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were completely worn off.
That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.
41．A．Thus B．Instead C．Otherwise D．However
42．A．easily B．brightly C．peacefully D．modestly
43．A．proud B．innocent C．outgoing D．afraid
44．A．pride B．confidence C．interest D．shame
45．A．stress B．excitement C．confusion D．surprise
46．A．added to B．talked about C．got over D．suffered from
47．A．continued B．survived C．failed D．helped
48．A．decided B．promised C．predicted D．disagreed
49．A．equally B．incredibly C．unnecessarily D．occasionally
50．A．nice B．colorful C．strange D．adequate
51．A．doubt B．handle C．quit D．obtain
52．A．point B．throw C．shout D．aim
53．A．trust B．enjoy C．excuse D．forgive
54．A．unconcerned B．unsatisfied C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable
55．A．fear B．respect C．courage D．anger
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than 11,000 scientists from 153 countries have sounded the alarm on climate change. In a paper 56．______（publish）last week in the journal BioScience, they signed a declaration（声明）stating clearly that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency, saying that if no changes 57．______（make）, the world will face untold suffering. The evidence that the scientists collected reveals an undeniable truth 58．______ human activities have been causing global warming from the fast rise of fossil fuel consumption 59．______ the increase in greenhouse gas emissions（排放）over the past 40 years.
The scientists also gave some instructions to fight against global warming, proposing six actions to prevent 60．______（far）disasters: stabilizing population 61．______（grow）by investing into family-planning services and girls’ education, replacing fossil fuels, cutting the emissions of climate pollutants, eating less meat, restoring and protecting 62．______（ecosystem）, and building 63．______ carbon-free economy.
The scientists say the climate crisis is 64．______（close）related to human activities, so they call on people 65．______（change）their life styles. But these measures are comparatively abstract. Therefore, it is high time for policymakers to figure out more practical measures that can bring down carbon emissions.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校英文网站“Super Heroes”专栏邀请大家分享心目中的“超级英雄”。请你根据所给信息，介绍战斗英雄张富清。
1．曾为中国人民解放军（Chinese People’s Liberation Army）战士，且在战争期间两次被授予“战斗英雄”（Combat Hero）称号；
2．1955年退役后，到湖北来凤县的贫困山区工作；
3．淡泊名利，从未提及自己的成就。直到2018年底，他的人生故事经媒体报道后才为人所知；
4．于2019年获得“感动中国”奖（the“Touching China”award）。
注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We met Max at the pickup area of Alaska Airlines. A standard poodle（鬈毛狗）born on Valentine’s Day in 2002, he came to us in a small blue box. We had adopted him from a friend, who raised many dogs.
We were a sweet little family—me, my husband, and our children, Sophie and Jake. But for years I’d felt as if we wouldn’t really be complete until we had a dog. Also, my husband travelled for some 200 days a year on business, and I knew I’d feel safer with a large animal sleeping by the door.
When we opened the box, we saw him. With his curly black hair and intelligent eyes, Max was beautiful. He was so small that he fit into the palm（手掌）of my hand, his big paws（爪子）lapping over the sides. He was also scared. As I pulled him close, I felt his heart pound and wondered if we’d done the right thing, taking him from his mother. But it was too late. Sophie and Jake were already fighting over who would hold him next.
Over the following months, we spent endless hours watching Max play with his toy or run around the living room. Like most poodles, he was smart. He mastered house-training quickly and never chewed on our furniture or shoes. He considered himself one of us.
Some days after school, I’d find Jake curled up with Max inside his box. When I suggested that my son get out of the dog box, Jake yelled, “Max wants me in here! We’re brothers!”
By his first birthday, Max had grown into a 50-pound guard dog. He manned the front door like a soldier, barking fiercely at other dogs walking by. I felt safe with him there, especially when my husband was away. Sometimes, when I was missing my husband a lot, I held Max close.
Many years later, my husband passed away. My kids grew up and went to university. They worked in other cities after graduation.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
And then, suddenly, I was alone. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
One Day, I found there was something wrong with Max’s back legs. _________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2024年春季学期高中期中教学质量监测
高二英语参考答案
第一部分听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1～5CABBA 6～10CABCA 11～15CABBC 16～20BACAB
第二部分阅读（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
21～25BACBA 26～30 CDBDC 31～35DDBAB 36～40 CDFAE
第三部分语言运用
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
41～45DBDBA 46～50 CDABC 51～55BBADA
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56．published 57．are made 58．that 59．to 60．further
61．growth 62．ecosystems 63．a 64．closely 65．to change
详解：
第二部分阅读
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A篇
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个应用程序的情况。
21．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Want to help with cutting edge global research Zooniverse is an app with millions of registered volunteers that lets you become a citizen researcher!”可知，Zooniverse针对的是提供研究的途径。
22．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It gently reminds users about self-care activities in physical, mental and emotional needs.”可知，Alo e Bud的用户最关心的是个人的幸福。
23．C 细节理解题。根据Be My Eyes部分中“This app connects visually impaired people in need of some help with sighted people ...”可知，Be My Eyes应用程序针对的是眼睛有问题的用户。
B篇
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么样的人生才是真正积极和快乐的人生。
24．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“I’ve long believed…impossible to achieve.（我一直相信积极的生活并不是每天的每一分钟都保持乐观。那种永久的快乐的状态不是我们的目标，因为它不可能实现。可知，作者认为人们不可能得到永久的快乐。故选B。
25．A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead, emotional flexibility. ..deeply held values.（相反，情绪的灵活性是一种技能，它能帮助人们判断日常生活的复杂之处，并且坚持他们深信不疑的价值观。）”可知，情绪灵活的人能够应对生活中的复杂情况，并坚持他们的价值观。故选A。
26．C 推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy.（相反，幸福感鼓励我们追求意义、真实、成长和诚实的快乐。）”可推知，保持幸福感就是要保持真心和乐观的本性。故选C。
27．D 标题判断题。文章首先介绍了人们不可能得到永久的快乐，从而导入了真正的快乐是来自于情绪的灵活。然后，文章还介绍了要保持真正的乐观才能获得幸福感。这些内容都很好地回答了“为什么人们不能永远快乐。”故选D。
C篇
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在操场放置伙伴长椅能够帮助孤独的学生找到朋友，一个名为“爱尔兰伙伴长凳”的社会组织不仅为学校提供长凳，还提供心理护理项目。他们希望这些长椅不仅能解决校园暴力和校园欺凌等问题，还能让学生有信心敞开心扉表达自己的感受。
28．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中 Buddy or Friendship Benches are needed because playgrounds can be lonely places sometimes.（伙伴或友谊长椅是需要的, 因为操场有时可能是孤独的地方）以及下文They are encouraged to come over and sit on the bench and make a new friend.（他们被鼓励过来坐在长凳上，结交新朋友）可知伙伴长椅可以帮助感觉孤独的学生找到朋友。故选B。
29．D 推理判断题。根据第二段中…a social organization called “Buddy Bench Ireland” that doesn’t just provide schools with benches, but also runs special projects with trained child psychiatrists.（……一个名为“爱尔兰伙伴长凳”的社会组织不仅为学校提供长凳，还与训练有素的儿童精神病学家一起开展特殊项目）可知一个名为“爱尔兰长凳伙伴”的组织提供心理护理项目。故选D。
30．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段 Judith Ashton, a co-founder of Buddy Bench Ireland said, “The children need to understand what the bench is about, what it represents ----friendship, understanding, listening to each other and the most important thing is that it’s important to express feelings.”（Buddy Bench Ireland的联合创始人Judith Ashton说：“孩子们需要理解这张长椅的意义，它代表着什么——友谊、理解、相互倾听，最重要的是表达自己的感受。”）可知在 Judith Ashton看来，学生们最需要知道的是表达自己的重要性。故选C。
31．D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中We found that 40% of the children told us that they had actually used the benches at the time of the study. And over 90% said that they would talk to a child if that child was sitting on the bench. So, there ‘s nothing to worry about.（我们发现40%的孩子告诉我们，他们在学习时确实使用过这些长椅。超过90%的人表示，如果孩子坐在凳子上，他们会和他说话。所以，没什么好担心的）可知从Sinead Megilloway所说的，我们可以知道，公众不必担心伙伴长椅的使用问题。故选D。
D篇
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是植物像动物一样，可以迅速地适应不利的条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件，并将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。
32．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,”…（例如，气候变化使许多地方的冬季缩短，植物正在做出反应。“许多植物需要最短的寒冷时间，以便设置环境时钟来定义它们的开花时间，”……）”可知，为了适应缩短的寒冷季节，植物会设置环境时钟来定义开花时间。故选D项。
33．B 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics（表现遗传）.（然后，这些体细胞记忆可以通过表观遗传学传递给植物的后代。”可知，这些体细胞记忆通过表现遗传学传给下一代，由此可以判断，体细胞记忆可以帮助下一代生存下来。故选B项。
34．A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.（随着寒冷季节的缩短，植物已经适应了需要较短的寒冷时间来延迟开花。这些机制允许植物避免在繁殖机会较少的时期开花。）”可知，这些机制使植物能够调整自己在繁殖机会少的时期避免开花，这是植物调整适应环境变化的结果，划线单词所在的“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses（几个例子表明，存在调节植物记忆对环境胁迫并影响后代对这些胁迫的适应的分子机制。）”谈论的是有几种个例子表明存在这样的“分子机制”调节植物记忆来适应环境的变化，与第二段阐述的与“这些机制”允许植物调节花期适应环境的内容相当，故该单词意为“调节”。故选A项。
35．B 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too.（动物可以快速适应，以在不利的环境条件下生存。越来越多的证据表明，植物也可以。）”并结合下文围绕该话题举例说明和分析植物能快速适应不利条件的原因可知，本文主要是陈述植物和动物一样能快速适应不利条件。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们喜欢拍照的原因。
36．C 上文中提出了问题，由此推知下文要对问题进行回答。故选C项。
37．D 上文讲的是这个爱好（拍照）是不用任何技巧，人们仅仅是为了自己的观赏乐趣才保留它们。选项D符合语境。故选D项。
38．F 根据上文可知，你所拍摄的每一张照片都是一个个人故事。然而，不像一幅画，你不需要花几个小时在上面。讲述了拍照不费时间，所以下文要提的是拍照可以通过不同的照片来表达自己。故选F项。
39．A 根据上文“If you prefer to share your pictures with the world, you can also get immediate feedback”可知，选项A中的“upload our pictures in a few seconds”与上文的“immediate feedback”在逻辑上是一致的。故选A项。
40．E 根据上文“The most amazing thing for me is without question the ability to capture every single click of a button.”可以推知,下文讲述的是这样做给“我”带来的意义。E项语义上与前文一致。故选E项。
第三部分语言运用
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了曾经的作者没有自信，对生活充满恐惧，在去越南教书实习后，作者发生了很大的改变。
41．D “我很厌烦”和“我拥有大多数人所说的美好生活，我的生活也没有什么错”之间是转折关系,用However。故选D项。
42．B 根据空后“and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the gray ones of everyday life”可知这里意思是作者想要生活得明亮和响亮。故选B项。
43．D 根据下文“I’ve never had any in myself...”可知作者很害怕。故选D项。
44．B 根据下文“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”可知作者对自己从来都没有信心。故选B项。
45．A 根据空后“and even though I did get better as I got older, I never that childhood shyness”可知当作者还是个孩子的时候，即使在商店里买东西也会给作者带来很大的压力。故选A项。
46．C 根据下文“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really.”可知长大后的作者，始终没有克服童年的羞涩。故选C项。
47．D 根据下文“So I that the small steps weren’t enough.”可知作者尝试了所有方法，比如阅读有关自信的书籍。作者朝着目标迈出了一小步，但是没有一个真的有帮助。故选D项。
48．A 根据下文“I signed up for an internship teaching English in Vietnam, an huge step, one that terrified me as much as it excited me.”可知作者断定这些小步骤是不够的。故选A项。
49．B 根据下文“one that terrified me as much as it excited me”可知这巨大的进步是令人难以置信的。故选B项。
50．C 根据下文“I had no idea whether I would be able to every thing this very strange environment would at me.”可知作者独自一人生活在一个食物和街道都很陌生的国家。故选C项。
51．B根据下文“this very strange environment would at me”可知作者不知道自己是否能够应对这个陌生环境给作者带来的一切。故选B项。
52．B 作者到了一个陌生的环境中，很担心这个陌生的环境会抛给作者一些不好的东西。故选B项。
53．A 根据下文“The that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were completely worn off.”可知作者学会了相信自己,相信自己的技能、能力和决定。故选A项。
54．D 根据下文“That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.”可知作者的变化太大，让人无法辨识。故选D项。
55．A 根据上文“As a child, even buying something in a shop... that childhood shyness.”可知曾经的作者没有自信，对生活充满恐惧，现在控制作者生活的恐惧和自我怀疑完全消失了。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多名科学家对气候变化发出了警告，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，并解释了原因。
56．published考查非谓语动词。句意： 在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，signed为主句谓语，故空处缺少非谓语，paper和publish“发表”之间是被动关系, 故使用过去分词published作后置定语。故填published。
57．are made考查时态及语态。句意：在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，if引导条件状语从句，主句使用一般将来时，故条件状语从句使用一般现在时，且主语changes和make“做出”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are made。
58．that考查同位语从句。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明truth，且同位语从句中不缺少成分和含义，故用引导词that。故填that。
59．to考查固定搭配。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。结合句意和空前的from可知，本空填介词to，from... to...为固定搭配, 意为“从······到······”。故填to。
60．further考查形容词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动，进一步，故填further.
61．growth考查名词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。根据population可知，此处指的是人口增长，故使用不可数名词形式growth“增长”。故填growth。
62．ecosystems 考查名词复数, 故填ecosystems.
63．a考查冠词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。此处泛指一种无碳经济，且carbon-free是以辅音音素开头，故使用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
64．closely考查副词。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。空处修饰形容词related，要用副词closely“密切地”，作状语。故填closely。
65．to change考查不定式。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。call on sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“呼吁某人做某事”，故本空填 change“改变”的不定式形式to change，作宾补。故填tochange。
第四部分写作
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求介绍一名战斗英雄，属于说明文的写作范畴。介绍人物时，要注意突出其主要经历及贡献。介绍其经历时，时态以一般过去时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
二、谋篇布局
根据提示信息，我们可将本写作分为三部分：
第一部分：总体介绍张富清的身份及成就；
第二部分：详细介绍张富清的主要经历。
第三部分：进行评价并表达自己的看法、感受。
One possible version:
Zhang Fuqing, once a soldier of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, was awarded the title of “Combat Hero” twice during the war. Besides, in 2019 he was given the “Touching China” award.
After retiring from the army in 1955, Zhang devoted his life to the poverty-stricken mountainous areas of Laifeng, a remote county in Hubei Province. Zhang lives a simple and independent life with indifference to fame and fortune. For many years he had never told anyone about his past achievements until they were widely reported by the media at the end of 2018 when millions of Chinese people were touched.
Zhang Fuqing, a hero who devotes his life to our motherland, will live in our hearts forever.
第二节（共1小题；满分25分）
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了由于丈夫出差在外时间较长，作者认为养一条狗能带来安全感，于是在2002年情人节那天收养了一只小狗，名叫 Max，孩子们也和 Max 产生了感情。
【审题分析】
Max and our family
审语篇类型：记叙文
审人称：第一，三人称
审时态：以一般过去时为主
审主题：忠诚的鬃毛狗
审故事情节：
故事引入
On Valentine’s Day in 2002, We adopted a standard poodle（鬈毛狗）Max.
We were a family of four—me, my husband, and our children, Sophie and Jake.
My husband often traveled on business and I felt safer with the dog.
故事发展
Opening the box we saw a small dog with curly black hair and intelligent eyes.
He mastered house-training quickly and considered himself one of us.
By his first birthday, Max had grown into a 50-pound guard dog.
He manned the front door like a soldier.
My husband died and my kids worked in other cities after graduation.
【思路点拨】
续写第一段首句：“突然，我只身一人了。”这里我们很自然会想到：作者的心情怎样？狗是怎么做的呢 由此可知，续写第一段主要应该写狗是如何陪伴作者的，同时要注意和续写第二段首句自然地衔接起来。续写第二段首句说狗的后腿出了问题。所以本段末尾需要将话题引到狗逐渐变老上，为与续写第二段衔接做铺垫。
续写第二段首句：“有一天，我发现Max的后腿出了问题。”这里可以思考，狗的身体状况会发生什么变化？孩子们会回来吗？本段可以描述狗因为年纪大，身体状况不好，一家人陪它走完最后的时间；或者经过家人陪伴和医生的治疗，狗的身体恢复，从此家人之间更加相互珍惜等。续写只要符合生活实际，积极向上即可。
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
And then, suddenly, I was alone. I had loved all my family wildly, all of them, and they had left. Max became my only companion and brought me a great sense of security. He followed me from room to room, sometimes staying so close that I nearly tripped over him. However, as time went on, Max was getting older. Gradually, he lost his hearing and sight. He grew less happy and less active on our walks.
Paragraph 2:
One day, I found there was something wrong with Max’s back legs. A few days later, he went into heart failure. Jake flew home to be there when we said goodbye. By then, Max had stopped eating and drinking. All he could do was lie on the floor with his eyes closed. So Jake bought a sleeping ma t and lay beside Max all night. I took a picture: a boy and his dog. A boy and his brother.
【范文评析】
and they had left.作者深爱着自己的家人，他们却都离开了自己，此处呼应了原文最后一段的情节。
He followed me from room to room, sometimes staying so close that I nearly tripped over him.反映了狗和作者形影不离，“trip over”这一高级词汇的使用，体现了作者的语言功底。
Jake flew home to be there when we said goodbye.为了狗，Jake 乘飞机回家，足见作者一家人和狗感情深厚。
Jake bought a sleeping mat and lay beside Max all night.在狗病重时，Jake整晚陪伴它，体现了狗在Jake心中的分量，与原文中Jake躺在狗窝的情节相照应。
I took a picture: a boy and his dog. A boy and his brother.展现出了一幅人与动物友爱、和谐相处的画面。
第一部分：听力材料
Text 1 在家养病
M: Nick is supposed to come to the party tonight. But where is he After the party, we plan to go to the concert.
W: He has a bad cold today, as he got caught in the storm. He said he would stay at home.
Text 2 迫不及待见姑姑
W: I can’t wait to see my aunt next week! She’s always traveling for work, so she hasn’t had time to visit us. With her crazy schedule, I’m not sure how long she’ll stay, though.
M: Sounds fun! I’m sure you’ll have enough time to catch up.
Text 3 考试很难
M: I can’t believe there’s another biology test! There are so many unfamiliar terms!
W: At least you aren’t taking chemistry like me. So many things to remember!
M: Well, I hear physics class is even harder.
Text 4家人团聚
W: I love it when all the family get back together. What’s for dinner
M: I’m not sure yet. Mom, Dad and Vicky will be there, but Amy can’t make it. She has a meeting.
Text 5太空旅行
W: I’m really into science fiction films, especially those about space. In fact, I hope I can travel in space one day.
M: Well, I read a piece of news yesterday. It said that a group of Japanese scientists are working on a“space elevator”. So you may do that in 2050．
Text 6 手臂疼痛
M: Good afternoon.⑥I’m calling because I feel pain when I move my arm backwards. It has been like this for several days already. I took some medicine, but that didn’t help. I think I need to see a doctor.
W: That’s too bad.⑥You said it’s a shoulder problem, right
M:⑥Yes. I also have a little back pain sometimes. But I am not worried about that.
W: OK. Would tomorrow morning or afternoon be better for you ⑦We have openings at 9:00 am, 11:00 am, and 4:00 pm.
M:⑦The earlier, the better.
Text 7 手机上有许多通信软件
M: Oh, wait a second. Let me just look at this message.
W:⑧You’re always looking at messages on your phone! How many messaging apps do you have, David
M: Four Five Maybe six by now.
W: If you have an average of ten people on each of those six social networks who send you messages every day, that’s at least 60 conversations! Let’s say you spend as little as one minute on each conversation. That’s a whole hour! But you would probably spend two or three times that much for each person. ⑨What a waste of time!
M:⑨Calm down. It’s my mother. We’re making plans for the weekend.⑩She’s one of the five people I regularly text.
Text8 志愿工作
W: Neth, are you reading some news on the Internet
M: No. I want to do some volunteer work in the following months, so I’m searching the Internet.
W: I know some good volunteer programs in our city.
M: Really Could you tell me about them
W: Certainly. The first one is NEST Nurtures. They’ve served over 12,000 homeless people in the Washington, DC area by providing food and other supplies. The second is NEST Tutors. It is a free tutoring program designed to help low-income kids in 19 local schools.
M: I love this program.
W: Me, too. Actually I often volunteer through this program. But there are also two other good volunteer programs started by NEST4US.
M: What are they
W: NEST Kares and NEST Buddies. The first collects school supplies for at-risk kids, makes blessing bags for the homeless, and provides disaster relief assistance. The latter provides a “birthday in a box” to low-income children and families.
M: They really sound good. I want to give them all a try.
Text9为旅途挑选书籍
M: Can I help you find something
W: Yes, I’m going to have a long journey by train next week, and I need a book to take with me.
M: What do you usually like to read
W: I love classics with strong female characters. I get tired of reading about men all the time. I’m looking for something easy and with a happy ending. I don’t want to think too hard while I’m traveling!
M: Where are you going Sometimes it’s nice to read about the place you’re visiting.
W: England.
M: You might like an author like Jane Austen, who writes with a lot of humor. Or Emily Bronte, another classic author. Her writing is full of emotion. It isn’t terribly enjoyable, but it always has powerful female characters.
W: I love Austen and Bronte, but I didn’t think about mysteries. Are they frightening
M: Not at all. The main story is about solving the crime, rather than the murder. I can suggest a few titles.
W: All right. I hope I will have time to finish the book! I’m traveling with my children, and they often interrupt my reading.
Text 10给科学家们分享好消息
M: Fellow scientists, I finally have some good news to report. As you know, I have been studying sea life for three months in New York Harbor. Today, I can finally present some hard evidence that sharks have returned to these waters. For the past two weeks, I’ve been helping to film the Shark Week program for the Discovery Channel on TV. My job was to sit in a boat near a dead whale and check it for shark bites. It’s been a very hot July, so this wasn’t the easiest task. After five days, I noticed there were several large shark bites along the stomach of the whale. I was thrilled, because this means our conservation efforts are starting to pay off. Sharks’ returning to a former hunting ground indicates that the waters are cleaner and healthier. We have been trying to clean up this area and the river s that poured into the harbor for many years. I want to take this opportunity to thank the Environment Friends Society. You have all made your best effort so that future generations can live in a clean world.

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