资源简介

(共43张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
Welcome to the unit & Reading
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
1. grasp basic information of the two explorers and their achievements;
2. enjoy the qualities of the two explorers;
3. understand the spirit of exploration and demonstrate this spirit in your daily lives.
Learning objectives
Looking into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known.
—Chen Shou
明镜所以照形，往事所以知今。
——《三国志》陈寿
Welcome to the unit
Let’s enjoy a famous saying and guess the meaning.
Since the past is so important, can we humans go back to the past How
By daydreaming.
By watching TV.
By reading books.
By traveling through the time machine.
a machine that enables you to travel in time to the past or the future
时间机器能使人往返于过去或未来
Read the excerpt (摘录) about the time machine and finish the following reading card.
The Time Traveller was explaining something to us.“People believe there are three dimensions of Space—Length, Breadth and Thickness; however, there is a fourth dimension—Time.”
“We all know time,” said a member of our group. “Time passes.”
“I do not agree,” the Time Traveller said. “Length, Breadth and Thickness do not pass. We move about in them. We move in Time the same way that we move in the other three dimensions.”
None of us believed the Time Traveller.
“It’s against reason,” one said.
The Time Traveller smiled. “It is clear,” he said, “ that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” Then he carried a model of the Time Machine.
(Adapted from The Time Machine, by H. G. Wells)
The name of the book
The author
The main character
The main character’s view
The way to support his view
The plot to be continued
Thought of the fourth dimension
The Time Machine
H. G. Wells
The time traveller
There is a fourth dimension—Time.
He conducted an experiment with a model of the Time Machine.
He moved in Time and got enough proof to convince the group.
Length
Breadth
Thickness
Time doesn’t pass and we move in it.
If you had a time machine, which dynasty would you go back to Why
Which historical figure would you like to meet What would you say to him/her
Discussion
If I had a time machine, I would like to go back to the Ming Dynasty, when Zheng He, one of the greatest explorers, set sail to explore the western seas.
I would like to meet Zheng He, because he led the navigation for 7 times, strengthening harmonious relations with foreign countries, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture and allowing Chinese to better understand overseas lands. I’d like to ask him: “Why are you so brave to take the risk ” “What was the difficulty in your navigation and how did you overcome it ”
Now, let’s come to today’s lesson—— get closer to two famous explorers.
Discussion: 1. What difficulties did explorers face in the past
Reading
loss of direction
pirate (海盗)
natural disasters
extreme weather
sickness and medical treatment
fear of the unknown
Pre-reading
2. What are the possible requirements for becoming an explorer
healthy, strong, brave/courageous, clever, knowledgeable, independent, calm and clear-headed, curious, cooperative, having navigation skills, ambitious, aggressive, generous, friendly
Prediction: According to the title and subtitles, what might be covered in the two historical articles
The two historical articles might focus on two explorers—Zheng He and Christopher Columbus, possibly including:
where they went
what they did
why they sailed the oceans
what influences their voyages had.
1.What is the passage mainly about
A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus’ contributions to the world.
B．The voyages of two famous explorers: Zheng He and Christopher Columbus.
C．The new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
D．The life experiences of two famous explorers.
√
Activity 1　Fast-reading for basic information.
While-reading
2. Read the first text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
1．Para.1　 A．The acknowledgement of Zheng He’s achievements.
2．Para.2　 B．The seven voyages.
3．Para.3　 C．The significance of the seven voyages.
4．Para.4　 D．Personal information and the first voyage.
Read the second text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
5．Para.1　 A．Details of Christopher Columbus’s discovery.
6．Para.2　 B．Significance of Christopher Columbus’s discovery.
7．Para.3　 C．Personal information about Columbus.
Ⅰ. Read the first historical article and do the following exercises.
Part I: Zheng He
Activity 2　Careful-reading for details
(6)____________________
(5)____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(3)____________________
(1)____________________
(7)____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
(4)____________________
Over 200 ships
(2)____________________
In the summer of 1405
Taicang
Almost 28,000 people
more than 30 countries and regions, as far as the east coast of Africa
7
developed and strengthened harmonious relations with the foreign countries, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands
1. Fill in the table.
2. What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two paragraphs
A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C．Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
√
3. What does the author choose the first voyage as the beginning of this article
The first voyage marked the beginning of a great period in the history of exploration in China and the whole world.
4. Why does the author use the following figures in Para. 1
To display the _________ of Zheng He’s voyage and demonstrate the ___________ of Ming Dynasty at that time, by using these persuasive and valid figures.
greatness
prosperity
5．Why were Zheng He’s ships loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures (Para. 2)
Because these are gifts to foreign rulers.
6．What’s the meaning of “far-reaching” in paragraph 3
A．Negative. B．Shallow.
C．Deep. D．Various.
7．How did Zheng He’s seven voyages affect China and its neighbours
A．They promoted its neighbours’ economy.
B．They let its neighbours know China better.
C．They made these countries and regions stronger.
D．They improved the relations between western countries.
√
√
8．What was some historians’ attitude towards the records of Zheng He’s voyages
A．Convinced. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Optimistic.
9．What helped to prove that Zheng He’s voyages were not legends
A．The harmonious relations with other countries and regions.
B．The detailed maps of the voyages—Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
C．Chinese people’s better understanding of overseas lands.
D．An enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing.
√
√
Part Ⅱ: Christopher Columbus
Ⅱ. Read the second historical article and do the following exercises.
(7)________________________
(6)________________________
(5)________________________
(1)________________________
(8)_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________.
On 3 August 1492
(2)________________________
(3)________________________
(4)________________________
Spain
3 ships
About 90 crewmen
The shores of the Caribbean
Four
“discover” the new world
inspired explorers to explore and discover more vast areas of the world; opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, which witnessed many important geographical findings and allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures
1. Fill in the table.
2. Fill in the timeline focusing on what happened to Christopher Columbus.
1451
3 August 1492
(1) _________________
____________________
(2) ____________
______________
12 October 1492
(3)___________________
_____________________
1493
1504
(4)______________________________________________________________________
He was born in a port city of Italy.
He departed
from Spain.
He reached the shores
of the Caribbean.
He found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages.
3．What inspired Columbus to begin his career as a seaman
A．His love for sailing and his interest in history.
B．His love for sailing and his interest in geography.
C．His love for sailing and his interest in politics.
D．His love for sailing and his interest in physics.
4．Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus’s journey
A．The bad weather during the journey.
B．The longer time of the journey.
C．One of the ships was leaking badly.
D．The shortage of food.
√
√
5．Why did Columbus call the natives Indians
A．Because they lived in the East Indies.
B．Because he thought the islands were in the East Indies.
C．Because they came from the East Indies.
D．Because he liked living in the East Indies.
6．Which is Columbus’s major contribution
A．The discovery of the New World.
B．The discovery of the Caribbean.
C．The discovery of the East Indies.
D．The discovery of the Atlantic Ocean.
√
√
7．What can we conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus
A．One is never too old to learn.
B．The longest journey begins with the first step.
C．One minute on stage needs ten years’ practice off stage.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
√
Ⅲ. Read the whole text and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the similarity between the two explorers
A．They were welcomed by local people.
B．They promoted local construction successfully.
C．Their accomplishments were acknowledged constantly.
D．They made great contributions to our understanding of the world.
2．Which of the following can best describe the two explorers
A．Sensitive and doubt.
B．Brave and persistent.
C．Creative and trustworthy.
D．Independent and sympathetic.
√
√
1. What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful (Critical thinking)
Zheng He
advanced technology
shipbuilding skills
his navigation skills
learning from others by treating them in a friendly manner
Columbus
loving sailing
great interest in geography
his passion for exploration
financial support
being brave and knowledgeable
overcoming many challenges
Activity 1　Discussion
Post-reading
2. What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？(Creative thinking)
The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is an important part of our existence. It is human nature to discover new things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger. This kind of spirit encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is possible. In our daily life, if we were not willing to explore new things or take risks, we might lose many chances to expand our understanding of the world.
3. How might explorers have changed the course of history
Explorers have played an important role in world history. Their discoveries have improved our knowledge of the Earth and have also changed the way we understand our place in the world.
In the summer of 1405，Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. His ships 1.___________(load) with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers.Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far- reaching impact 2._____ China and its neighbours.Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen 3.__________(harmony) relations with these countries and regions.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now 4.______(wide) acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
were loaded
on
harmonious
widely
Activity 2　Summary
Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager，he loved sailing，and he showed great interest in geography,5._____ inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted on 6._________(search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.On 3 August 1492，he 7.________(depart) from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.Regardless of all the challenges，Columbus managed 8._______(keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 9._______ (brave) across the ocean.Finally，on 12 October，the crew spotted land in 10.___ distance.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
which
searching
departed
to keep
bravery
the
Activity 3　Practice
subsequent harmonious influential on behalf of
proof strengthen acknowledge be loaded with
The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history. During this time, the Yongle Emperor wanted to develop (1) __________ relations with the overseas neighbours. Zheng He, one of the most (2) __________ explorers, took charge of the task. One of the states mentioned in the historical records was Boni (present-day Brunei), a small kingdom in South-East Asia. There is (3) _______ that China established very good relations with this state a long time ago: one of its kings was buried in Nanjing during the early Ming Dynasty, and there is a fascinating legend about the king.
harmonious
influential
proof
B1 Complete the article with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.
In 1405, (4) ___________ the emperor, Zheng He sailed the oceans on his first voyage. His fleet (5) ______________ gifts to the neighbouring countries and regions. In 1407, he travelled to Boni, which (6) __________ the friendly relationship between the two countries. In the (7) ___________ year, the King of Boni paid a friendly visit to China. He was accompanied by more than 150 people. The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. They received a royal welcome from the Yongle Emperor.
on behalf of
was loaded with
strengthened
subsequent
Unfortunately, after over a month in the capital, the king fell ill. On his deathbed, he asked to be buried in China, and in line with his will the emperor built a tomb for him. This tomb bears witness to the long history of friendly interactions between the two countries and is now (8) ______________ as one of the many important historic sites in China.
acknowledged
B2 The historical articles use a lot of words and phrases related to navigation. Find the words and phrases in the articles and think of more on your own.
Words and phrases for people explorer
Words and phrases for things ship
Words and phrases for actions sail
, navigator, seaman, crewman, crew, captain, sailor, navy, pilot
, fleet, compass, map, shipyard, lighthouse, radar, sonar, submarine, navigation tools, survival pack
, set sail, take compass readings, keep logs, chart the coast, command, steer, navigate, plan a route, launch
B3 The historical articles use facts to illustrate their points. Find the examples in the articles and try to use facts to support the point that explorers make an important contribution.
Good writers use facts to support their ideas. Without such specific information, the writers’ ideas remain unconvincing. The quality and amount of the information you give will largely determine the effectiveness of your writing.
Learn this
Sentences from the text:
In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.
A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.
According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, …
Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.
… and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions.
Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.
On 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.
Finally, on 12 October, the crew spotted land in the distance.
Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages.
Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese navigator, was one of the leading figures in the history of sea exploration. His greatest contribution was the discovery of the sea route linking Europe and Asia, which gave a huge boost to the economy of his country. This route was important because of the spice trade, which was driving Europe’s economy at the time. By discovering the spice trade route, da Gama ensured his country would dominate the European markets for decades. Between 1497 and 1650, there were more than 1,000 departures of ships at Lisbon. These fleets brought back spices, mainly black pepper, as well as other products which were new to Europe. Vasco da Gama’s success not only benefited his country, but also inspired many other countries in Europe to embark on their own voyages of discovery.
1. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。with的复合结构在句中作____。which引导____________从句，指代上文所提到的情况。
[自主翻译]　
Sentences analysis
复合
状语
非限制性定语
其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，
场面极其壮观。
2. According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。此句中的demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships在句中作____，其中used in constructing ships为过去分词短语作________，修饰_______。
[自主翻译]　
简单
状语
后置定语
skills
之高超，工艺之独特。
据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术
3. Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。此句中exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands为现在分词短语作____，其中______连接两个并列短语。
[自主翻译]　
简单
状语
and
郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦
关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国人对海外诸邦的了解。
4. Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。as引导________，修饰____。主句中含有一个who引导的________。
[自主翻译]　
复合
定语从句
主句
定语从句
克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。
凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家
5. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。此句中a period作______，其中which引导________。
[自主翻译]
复合
同位语
定语从句
他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多
重大地理发现的时期。
Write an article to introduce your favourite explorer.
Homework(共13张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
Project & Assessment
Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. research a historical event through cooperation and exploration;
2. make a report on a historical event including its background, process and impact;
3. present their report on a historical event;
4. evaluate and comment on each other's report.
1. What historical events do you know
2. What do you know about these events
Lead-in
1. Which historical event are you interested in
The attack on Pearl Harbor
...
The French Revolution
Zheng He’s voyages
Deciding on the historical event to research
2. What aspects do you want to contain in your report
A report
Background
Process
...
Impact
1. Read the report and figure out its structure and summarize the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.1) Background
Part 2 (paras.2-3) Process
Part 3 (para.4) Impact
The analysis of the example
2. Read the report again and answer the following questions.
1) When and where did the Industrial Revolution start
2) What were the changes of the Industrial Revolution
3) What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution
In England in the 18th century.
The factory system and steam power.
It promoted economic growth, expanded world trade and brought about the rapid growth of industrial cities and the appearance of an urban working class.
3. What are the language features of the report
Objective, formal and brief
4. Tips for writing a report on a historical event
◎ Sticking to facts.
◎ Proper use of past tense and passive voice.
Discuss in groups to think about all the work that needs to be done and how to divide the work properly among the group members.
Collect materials (pictures and texts).
Write a report
Polish the report
Make a presentation
Task division
Tips for making a presentation.
◎ Speak clearly and confidently.
◎ Make eye contact with the audience.
◎ Keep your facial expressions relaxed and friendly.
◎ Talk at a proper speed and pause when it is necessary to give your audience time to think about what you have said.
Presentation
Give points according to every team’s performance (10 points in total) and give some suggestions.
Oral presentation 3 Total
Teamwork 2
The report Language 4 Layout 1 Evaluation
Assessment
Answer the following questions to assess your performance. Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.
1 Can you make a comparison between Zheng He's and Columbus's voyages
Make a list of the differences and similarities.
2 What do you think of your writing about popular history books List 2 or 3
sentences that you are the most satisfied with.
3 What can you learn from the article about the attack on Pearl Harbor to help
you describe wars
4 Did you have any difficulty doing the project of this unit If yes, what was it
5 What new words have you learnt from this unit List some of them. *
6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit Make a sentence with the grammar.*
7 What tips have you learnt from this unit Make a list of them.
8 How are you going to improve your overall performance Make an action plan.
Homework
1. Make improvements to the report of your group according to your classmates’ comments and suggestions.
2. Put your group’s report on the classroom wall and appreciate the works of other groups.(共30张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
Grammar & Usage
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. identify the use of predicative clauses;
2. work out the rules of predicative clauses;
3. use predicative clauses to finish related tasks;
4. write a short paragraph based on each of the situation using predictive clauses.
一、价值引领，素养导向
1. _______ Lucy found most difficult about learning Chinese was how she could pronounce it right.
2._______ Mr Zhang lives is near a school.
3.It is hard to believe ______ the old scientist still works very hard in his eighties.
4._________ he will visit our school or not tomorrow is still not decided yet.
What
Where
Whether
that
导
在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句须用陈述语序。
e.g. The question is who broke the vase.
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
Predicative Clauses
( 表语从句)
连系动词
状态类: be, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay…
变化类: become, get, turn, grow, fall, come, go …
感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel …
表语从句的引导词
连接词 连词 在从句中不作成分 that, whether, as if, as though, because …
连接代词 在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语、定语等 what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever …
连接副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, how, why …
二、任务驱动，问题导学
Task 1: Read the contents on your learning sheet.
Task 2: Underline the predicative clauses.
Task 3: Find out all the predicative clauses from a given passage and work out the rules.
思
三、合作探究，展示质疑
1.Who will win the prize is not known.
2.I am thinking about whether I should further my study.
3.You are saying that everything should be equal, and that is where I agree.
4.I don’t known whether Jack has passed the examination.
5.The meeting’s decision is that all workers should work three more hours
every day.
6.I have no idea which university I shall apply for.
7.That his hair was turning gray worried him a lot.
议、展
8.The reason is that he is too careless.
9.He talked as if they had been friends for years.
10.The best time of a year is when we are free from work and have tome to relax.
11.It looks as if it is going to rain.
12.Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
13.I have no doubt whether he is a good person.
14.What I want to know is how he realized his dream.
15.Money is what we are badly in need of.
表语从句要点归纳
1. 表语从句须用陈述语序。
e.g. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
2. that引导表语从句时, 在句中只起连接作用, 不充当句子成分, 无实际意义, 一般不能省略。
e.g. My point is that you may have to face the problem.
3. whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，到底”，在句中不作任何成分。if不能引导表语从句。
e.g. The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us.
4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等在从句中当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有词义。
e.g. My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
1)The city is no longer ______ it was ten years ago.
2) The fact is _____ we should depend on ourselves.
that/what
what
that
the city that
=
_______ surprised me most was _____ he spoke Spanish so fluently.
that
What
5. 连接副词where, when, why, how等在从句中分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。
e.g. The question is when they will start the project.
This is why he spoke French so funnily.
That’s where the battle took place.
That’s how matters stand.
6. That is because ... 指原因或理由；
That is why ... 则指由于某种原因所造成的后果。
e.g. Bruce did not watch the game last night. That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
Bob had seen the film before. That was why he did not see it yesterday.
because/why
because
1) He failed the math exam. That’s __________he was too careless.
2) He was too careless. That’s ______ he failed the math exam.
why
The reason _____ he was absent from the meeting was _____ he fell ill suddenly.
that
why
7. 需使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在advice, suggestion, order, proposal等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should +动词原形”，should可省略。
e.g. My advice is that we (should) learn the new words first and then the grammar.
as if/as though 似乎，好像
1) It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
2) At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.
听上去好像有人在敲门。
3) Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if there is a storm coming.
4) It looks as if she were drunk.
5) It appears as if he hadn’t met her.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（与事实相符）
（与事实相反，事实是她未醉）
（与事实相反，事实是他见过她）
用正确的连接词完成下面短文。
Rats live in dark and dirty places, and can spread disease. That is 1. ________ lots of people dislike them. It looks 2. _____________ their value is hard to find — other than as an animal model for studying human illness. But rats have more to share. The contents of their nests can teach us about the people they live among. After all, where people go, rats tend to follow.
Colonial Williamsburg is a popular tourist destination in Virginia, the US. Many of its buildings were built in the late 1700s. When the first Europeans came to Virginia, black rats followed and built nests in the walls of people's homes. These nests are 3. __________ historians can find information about early settlers to learn about the past.
why
as if / as though
Practice
where
One good example comes from Orrell House. A family of rats built a nest behind a staircase ( 楼梯) in the building. That rat nest remained hidden from everyone until January 2021. That's 4. __________ Webster and his team, who help to preserve these buildings, opened the staircase and found the treasure in it.
“There were buttons, pins (大头针) and lots of thread (线),” Webster says. “It seems 5. __________________ the Orrell family were tailors.” But the nest's objects say more about the family than their work. They help historians find out what the early settlers could make and produce for themselves — and what they had to import.
The best part about rats is 6. __________ they tend to range only about 45 meters from their nest. So anything the rats stole was either in the house or very close to it. It is interesting to think that these little creatures are stealing things and safeguarding them for us to find later.
when
that / as if / as though
that
【注意】
a. 表语从句要用_______语序；
b. if不用来引导表语从句，表“是否”时，用__________；
c. 表语从句可由as if/ as though引导。
d. 在表示提议、建议、命令、要求等含义的词语后的表语从句中，谓语动词：should +动词原形，should可省。
e.g. My suggestion is that he (should) adapt himself to his new condition.
陈述
whether
评、拓
Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE. Influenced by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in
his later career as a historian.
Below is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian. Find the sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.
A Exploring the rules
议、展
His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father’s dream, in good times or bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed.
His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
表语从句
引导词
表语从句
引导词
Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
表语从句
引导词
We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.
We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _____________. We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) ________________. We can use what, why, when, where, etc. to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) ______________.
statement
Working out the rules
yes-no question
wh-question
B Applying the rules
B1 Complete the sentences with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.
1. I got six books from the library. The question is ________ one I should read first!
2. The truth is _______ there are many reasons why wars break out.
which
that
3. We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases. The problem is _______ some visitors do not pay attention to it.
that
五、素养落地，感悟提升
用
4. The museum was closed. That was _______ we couldn’t see the historical documents.
why
5. The two historians disagree with each other. The question is _________ it is possible to prove who is right.
whether
6. Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is _______ we learn about important events in history.
how
B2 Below is an article about plete the article with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.
In the first century BCE, Sima Qian completed the Shiji, which describes historical events and figures from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own time.
Totaling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years, the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five categories. What makes this book remarkable in content is (1) ______ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Another thing to note is (2) _______ it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.
that
that
One of the main features of the Shiji is (3) _______ the biographies are presented-in the form of stories rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vividly. Some of the phrases employed in his book are still in constant use.
Even today, the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them. Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format. Together with the Shiji, these were edited in the Qing Dynasty. That is (4) _______ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories. They are among the most important records of Chinese history.
how
why
I’d like to join you in doing the project on the First World War,
but my concern is that I don’t have much knowledge of it.
B3 Write a short paragraph based on each of the situations below, using predicative clauses. Use the example below to help you.
Example
1. Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.
2. David’s new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!
1. Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.
The problem is that he gets stressed very easily whenever he takes a test. One way to stay relaxed is to keep calm and breathe deeply. Tom hopes it will help solve his problem.
2. David’s new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!
At first, his concern was whether anyone would read his book. Actually, it is a well-written book that is also fun to read. The reason why his book has sold so many copies is that David’s love for history is represented in the way he writes about the topic.(共24张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
Extended reading
To locate some specific information related to the attack on Pearl Harbor
To identify the function of the chronological order used to describe a historical event
To appreciate the use of sensory information
To recognise the negative influences of war on human beings
To spread the idea of preserving peace throughout the whole society
Learning objectives
Watch the filmlet of Pearl Harbor and predict what the article is about according to the title.
Lead-in
According to the title, predict what the article is about.
Maybe something extremely terrible happened on Pearl Harbor because the word “hell” usually refers to a very unpleasant experience or situation in which people suffer very much.
Read the article about the attack on Pearl harbor and figure out the structure of the article.
Part 1 (Para. 1) Before the attack
Part 2 _____________ During the attack
Part 3 _____________ After the attack
Part 4 (Para. 7) The present situation
(Paras. 2–4)
(Paras. 5–6)
Reading
Identifying the chronological order
Recognising how a text is organised can help you understand it better, and find particular information in the text more easily. Chronological order is often used to tell stories or describe historical events. While reading, you should pay attention to the linking words that indicate the order, e.g. later, meanwhile, after or before.
Complete the table below with the information from the article.
Time Events
Before the attack
During the attack
As usual, the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.
Hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles and dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor, and one hit the USS Arizona from above. Clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea. Russell was severely injured. Louis helped the injured ones and saved more men from water even after receiving the order to abandon ship. Russell was saved and survived.
Time Events
After the attack
Now
The surprise attack caused a lot of deaths and losses of ships and airplanes. The day after the attack, the US Congress declared war on Japan, which meant that the United States joined the Second World War.
Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank and its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge. Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. People will never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history.
Listen to the article and retell what happened that day from Louis’s perspective.
Everything seemed normal that day. When we sat down to breakfast aboard the USS Arizona, a bomb hit our ship. I was fortunate to have only minor injuries. When I got to the deck, what I saw was terrible. Many of my friends were dead or thrown into the sea. I tried my best to help those who were still alive and saved many people’s lives. Some people regard me as a hero, but I think heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day.
Why did Russell refuse to talk about the attack
Because Russell described it as “hell”. Any topic related to the attack might awaken memories of his horrible experience.
1. How do you like the title of the article
It is very impressive. Metaphor is used here to make the description more powerful. The author compares the Pearl Harbor attack to “hell” to emphasize the devastation of the attack. At the same time, suspense is created, making the readers wonder what exactly happened at Pearl Harbor.
Appreciate the article
2. What is the function of the last sentence in the first paragraph
The last sentence creates suspense because the reader’s attention is drawn to the possibility that it would not be a normal day on board the ship. The sentence also presents a sharp contrast between the first and second paragraphs, thus impressing the reader with the cruelty of the sudden attack. Meanwhile, it lays the groundwork for the following paragraphs which describe the attack in detail.
3. How does the author describe the sudden attack by making use of various senses
Hearing:
(Lines 7–8) … at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above.
(Lines 10–11) The scream of the engines was deafening.
(Line 11) As bombs thundered all around, …
Sight:
(Line 8) The ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror.
(Line 9) Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.
(Lines 11–12) …, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.
(Line 15) …, and watched many of his friends die.
4. Why does the author list numbers in Paragraph 5
To demonstrate the huge losses the United States suffered and the brutality of the surprise attack.
5. Read the article again and underline the sentences showing the war’s physical and mental impacts on individuals
(Lines 14–15) He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die.
(Lines 17–18) With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.
(Line 24) Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily.
(Lines 25–26) For many years, Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, describing it simply as “hell”.
(Lines 26–27) His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.”
1. What are the stylistic feature of this article
This article includes some basic information about the attack. Moreover, the author narrates the surprise attack in detail from the perspectives of two survivors, which helps bring the historical event to life.
Discussion
2. Why should we never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor
Suggested Answers:
We should never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor because it is a reminder of the horror of war. Many lives are lost in wars. Families are torn apart and those who survive wars are often left with injuries to their bodies or their minds. The traumas of war make it difficult for them to live a normal life after experiencing things so frightening like bombs thundering, things being destroyed, and people struggling. Furthermore, the attack on Pearl Harbor should be a reminder that maintaining peace throughout the world is the only way this kind of tragedy would never happen again.
3. Suppose you are visiting the USS Arizona memorial, what do you want to write in the visitors’ book
Suggested Answers:
The brutal attack on Pearl Harbor claimed many people’s lives and cast a shadow on survivors’ lives. The attack also created heroes like Louis who saved many people. The attack on Pearl Harbor should forever remind us of the unspeakable misery caused by war and inspire us to make efforts to preserve world peace.
1. His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.”
他的妻子Elsa说：“后来当他敞开了心扉，总是提起那件事有多恐怖。”
open up start to say exactly what they think or feel
直抒胸臆，畅所欲言
e.g. When he knew he could trust me, he began to open up.
Many people find it easier to open up to a trained professional, such as a counsellor.
Language points
【语境应用】英译汉。
1. Open up the curtains and make use of natural light.
2. Another is to open up more public bus routes and subways so that more people will take the public transportation instead of travelling by private cars.
3. Lorna found that people were willing to open up to her.
打开窗帘，利用自然光。
另一个是开放更多的公共汽车路线和地铁，让更多的人乘坐公共交通工具而不是私家车旅行。
Lorna发现人们愿意对她畅所欲言。
2. Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天，“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：太平洋中央。
句中where引导地点状语从句，the USS Arizona为主语，谓语动词lies为不及物动词。
e.g. Please sit where I can see you.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is a river, there is a city.
sink v. (sank, sunk) to go down below the surface of water, mud etc
下沉，沉没
e.g. Their motorboat struck a rock and began to sink.
The kids watched as the coin sank to the bottom of the pool.
sink v. (sank, sunk) to fall down or sit down heavily, especially because you
are very tired and weak 倒下; （颓然）坐下
e.g. He let go of her shoulders and she sank at once to the floor.
Marion sank down on a rock, and wept.
sink v. (sank, sunk) to move downwards to a lower level
下降，降低(至某一高度)
e.g. The sun was sinking behind the coconut palms.
Her chin sank onto her chest, and she looked despairing.
sink v. (sank, sunk) to gradually get into a worse condition
衰退，恶化
e.g. They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty.
The doctor said that the boy was sinking fast.
1. Finish the reading task on Page 74.
2. If time permits, watch the film Pearl Harbor on the Internet and prepare to share your feelings in class.
3. Preview the next part: Project.
Homework(共26张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
Integrated skills
Learning Objectives
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
learn something about a popular history book through listening;
grasp the features of popular history books;
write an article on popular history books.
Lead-in
kind of book
Do you like reading If yes, what kind of book do you like best and why
popular
history
politics
economy
romance
geography
psychology
…
I am interested in history books which describe historical figures or events in a simple and interesting way, such as Stories about Ming Dynasty. Of course, I hope I can get some historical wisdom after reading.
What kind of history books do you like to read
A Alan is introducing his favorite popular history book. Listen and finish the exercises below.
Recognizing paraphrasing
The wording of the statements may not be the same as that of the specific information in the text. First read the statements carefully and identify keywords and phrases that might help you listen for the information you need. When listening, look out for the synonyms for those words or phrases.
Listening
(1) The book is about the Song Dynasty. T / F
(2) In the first week, the book sold 5,000 copies. T / F
(3) The author has tried her best to ensure that the facts are accurate. T / F
(4) The author provides many thoughtful comments on some events. T / F
(5) Alan thinks that there is a new trend towards reading popular
science books. T / F
A1 Listen to the introduction and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Tang
50,000
history
My favourite popular history book
Writing style
The author turns (1) ________________.
She (2) _____________________ of historical figures or events.
Her language is (3) _________________.
Factual accuracy
The author has referred to many academic history books to (4) __________.
(5) _______________ on the same event have been considered.
(6) _____________ have been compared.
Influence on me
The author has inspired me to (7) _______________ on certain topics.
I am eager to (8) _________________.
A2 Listen to the introduction again and complete the notes below.
easy to understand
history into a story
gives a vivid description
do more research
check the facts
Different views
Similar events
read up on history
Paras 2-3: Give ___________________ to support the opinion.
Para 4: End the article with a strong .
Para 1: Introduce ____________________________ and state the _______ on them.
opinion
reasons and examples
Task 1: Sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
conclusion
the rise of popular history books
Reading
1. According to the historian,why can popular history books attract a wider audience
Task 2: Find out the answers of the following two questions.
Because popular history books use a natural and chatty style of writing with vivid descriptions and fun facts, making the subject of history easy to understand and more interesting.
2. What is the historian’s attitude towards popular history books Use details in the article to support your opinion
The historian has a positive attitude towards popular history books.
Examples:
a. “Luckily, popular history books have made that a thing of the past”.
b. “a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader”.
c. “use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader’s interest”.
d. “Reading popular history books is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history”.
3. What is the writing techniques of the passage
In the first paragraph, contrast is used to introduce the topic.
In the last paragraph, a metaphor is used— studying history is compared to entering a palace.
Speaking
In pairs, talk about popular history books. Use the following questions and expressions to help you.
What is the current situation of popular history books
What is your opinion of popular books
What are the features of popular history books
Useful expressions
Agreeing and disagreeing
I agree with you. That’s not always the case.
Yes, that’s right. I don’t think that’s a good idea.
You’re absolutely right. I don’t see eye to eye with you.
I couldn’t agree with you more. I’m sorry, but I totally disagree.
I feel the same way. I see your point, but…
Sample:
A: Recently, I’ve seen more and more people reading popular history books. I think that more people are into history now than in the past.
B: I feel the same way. Popular history books make history less like a serious subject, but more like an interesting one. Maybe the overall style of popular history books contributes to the growing interest in the subject.
A: Yes, that’s right. Popular history books often use eye-catching titles and colourful covers to arouse the reader’s interest. Once they open the book, the easy-to-understand writing style draws them in and they become willing participants in history—this would be unlikely to happen if they were simply reading dry and scholarly history books!
B: You’re absolutely right. Presenting the past in a way that describes historical figures and events vividly is essential to ensuring the general reader remains interested in the subject.
A: The rise of popular history books is, in my opinion, a fantastic thing for education. I believe that this type of history book inspires students first and helps them develop a real passion for the subject, making them more willing to tackle the more challenging, less fun work later.
B: I don’t think it’s a good idea. Even if they do add a unique perspective to the subject, popular history books sometimes don’t have an in-depth analysis of some historical facts.
A: I see your point, but to get the relatively full picture of history, perhaps they can be used together with academic history books.
B: Definitely! There is absolutely nothing wrong with making the past colourful and exciting.
学校图书馆正打算采购一批新书，现向同学们征集推荐书目。你打算写信推荐通俗历史读物。具体要点如下：
（1）介绍通俗历史读物的受欢迎程度
（2）介绍通俗历史读物特点并陈述你推荐的理由
注意：
（1）词数100左右
（2）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Writing
Beginning
Body
Ending
a letter to recommend a popular history book
Talk about the features of the book and give your reasons for recommendation.
State your expectations.
State the purpose of your writing and introduce the current situation of popular history books.
Following the structure
Pre-writing
Useful expressions
Beginning: purpose+current situation of popular history books
Knowing that the school library...., I'm writing to recommend ....
Nowadays popular history books are gaining increasing popularity.
While-writing
1. What is the current situation of popular history books
There are more popular history books on our shelves than before.
More and more people begin to take interest in reading them.
With the appearance of popular history books, people’s interest in history books is also on the rise.
Body: the book's features+reasons for recommendation.
The books feature/ are characterized by...
The reasons why I recommend the books are as follows. First of all, ... In addition,...
Useful expressions
While-writing
Beginning: purpose+current situation of popular history books
Knowing that the school library...., I'm writing to recommend ....
Nowadays popular history books are gaining increasing popularity.
2. What are the features of popular history books
They often use eye-catching titles and colourful covers.
The subject is now more accessible than ever.
The authors usually adopt a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary readers.
Popular history books present historical information in a way that is easily understood.
The authors often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly.
It provides a knowledge base for those who want to study history.
Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable and true to life.
a. What do you think of the content of them
b. What influence do they have on you
c. Why do you like or dislike to read them
3. What is your opinion of popular history books
using examples
Ending: expectations
I'd appreciate it if you take my recommendation into consideration.
Useful expressions
While-writing
Body: the book's features+reasons for recommendation.
The books feature/ are characterized by...
The reasons why I recommend the books are as follows. First of all, ... In addition,...
Beginning: purpose+current situation of popular history books
Knowing that the school library...., I'm writing to recommend ....
Nowadays popular history books are gaining increasing popularity.
Learning about writing techniques
An effective opening paragraph is important for a piece of successful writing. A well-written introduction tells the reader what is to come and encourages them to read further. You could use a rhetorical question or a well-known saying to grad the reader’s attention.
Self-review & peer review
Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner. Pay attention to the following aspects:
□ Punctuation □ Spelling □ Grammar
□ Choice of words □ Style (formal/informal) □ Structure
Self-review
What reasons do you give to support your opinion
How well do you write your opening paragraph
Peer review
Does your partner think you clearly state your opinion on popular history books
What corrections does your partner think you have to make
Post-writing
Some must-read popular history books
Read extensively! 博览群书！
Histories make men wise; poetry, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻， 伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
—Francis Bacon

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