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(共35张PPT)
B5U4
Using language
Observe the rules
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
Activity 1
a But it is vital not to take any chances.
b But not to take any chances is vital.
c It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries.
d To remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries is important.
1 What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (c)
2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of (b) and (d)
Observe the rules
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
Activity 1
a But it is vital not to take any chances.
b But not to take any chances is vital.
c It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries.
d To remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries is important.
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences. The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised.
Observe the rules
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso, ...
..., it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
Activity 1
it 作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
it 作形式主语
It as an empty subject
1. 代表不定式
(1) It + be + 形容词 + 不定式
e.g., It is difficult to translate the book.
(2) It + be + 名词 + 不定式
e.g., It was her duty to clean the room.
(3) It + be + 介词短语 + 不定式
e.g., It was against my principle to do that.
(4) It + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式
e.g., It cost 150 yuan to buy the dress.
It as an empty subject
2. 代表动名词
it 代表动名词时，一般以“be + 名词”作谓语，也可以以“be + 形容词”作谓语。
e.g., It is no use doing that.
It is pleasant sitting here.
no use/no good/useless/
senseless/fun/tiring/nice/
good/interesting/a waste of/
a wonder
+ v-ing
It is +
It as an empty subject
3. 代表从句
(1) It + be + 形容词 + 从句
e.g., It is natural that she knows everything about it.
(2) It + be + 名词 + 从句
e.g., It is a question how he did it.
(3) It + 动词的被动语态 + 从句
e.g., It is not decided who will take over the company
(4) It + be/其他系动词 + that 从句
e.g., It may be/seems that he views the issue from a different perspective.
It as an empty subject 常用句型
(1) It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain/... that...
很明显他迟到了。
(2) It is important/necessary/right/strange/natural/... that... (should) do...
你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.
(3) It is said/reported/learnt/... that...
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
(4) It is suggested/ordered/required/... that... (should) do...
人们建议推迟会议。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is obvious that he’s late.
It as an empty subject 常用句型
(5) It is a pity/shame/... that...
真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.
(6) It happens/seems/looks/appears/... that...
碰巧我认识他。
It happens that I know him.
(7) It doesn’t matter whether/if...
你错过了这趟公交车也没关系，15分钟后还有一趟。
It doesn’t matter if you miss the bus, because there’s another one 15 minutes later.
It as an empty subject 常用句型
(8) It looks/seems as if...
看起来像是他错了。
It looks as if he is wrong.
(9) It takes sb. (some time) to do...
去那里要花费我们三个小时。
It took us three hours to get there.
(10) It is + 形容词 + (of sb.) + to do...
你为我们考虑那么多，你真是太好了。
It is kind of you to think so much of us.
It as an empty subject
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
Activity 2
It as an empty subject
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
Activity 2
It is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and television.
It as an empty subject
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
Activity 2
It is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywood.
It is more common than before for women to write and direct Hollywood films.
It as an empty subject
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
Activity 2
It is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian characters.
It as an empty subject
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
Activity 3
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.
Toronto
Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate.
Do online research if necessary.
Work in pairs:
Shanghai
London
Sydney
The global village
Activity 5
使……团结起来；集合
沟通渠道
形成密切联系
了解世界的窗口
更包容的
文化冲击
共同努力
互惠互利
The global village
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
1　What phenomenon does the passage describe
2　What effect does technology have on cultural exchange
It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of technological and cultural exchange.
Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.
Vocabulary building
Complete the letter with the correct form of the
expressions in the above activity.
Dear Editor,
Your article about living in a global village really struck a chord with me because I’ve just returned from a teaching project in Cambodia and Thailand. I had been worried about the 1_____________ , but fortunately the other volunteers and local teachers were really welcoming. We were able to
2 __________________________ each other as well as our students.
culture shock
form close connections with
Vocabulary building
Throughout, we made 3____________ to make our classes a success, so that we could all enjoy the 4 ______________ of working well together. It was rewarding to see how our work helped 5 _____________________ from different cultures.
a joint effort
mutual benefits
bring people together
Complete the letter with the correct form of the
expressions in the above activity.
Vocabulary building
Before I went, TV and the Internet were my
6 ____________________, but being there in person was even better. I think the experience has taught me to
7 _________________ and I can’t wait to do it all over again.
Paul
window on the world
be more inclusive
Complete the letter with the correct form of the
expressions in the above activity.
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea.
1　More and more foreign words and expressions are entering the English language, especially those about food.
2　Chinese food is popular in the UK, and many Chinese words and expressions are entering English dictionaries as a result.
3　Intercultural communication is increasing, and people all over the world have a better understanding of each other.
4　World sports are bringing people together in the same way that food is.
√
Listening & speaking
Listen again and complete the table.
Phenomena Examples
More and more 1 _______________________________ into dictionaries these days. From Devon: grockle
From Chinese: wok, chow mein,
2 _______ and chop suey
regional words are making it
wonton
Listening & speaking
Phenomena Examples
Besides words, changes also happen to 3 ____ ________________________________________________________ ______________. In a large Asian supermarket, there are 4 _______________ from Asia.
There are 5 _______________________
______________ in the male speaker’s city, such as 6 ____________________
________________________________.
Many European people can 7 __________________.
the food we now find in shops and restaurants /
the food we buy and eat
all kinds of food
a lot of other restaurants /
a lot of choices
Italian, French and
Japanese restaurants
use chopsticks
Listening & speaking
Phenomena Examples
Sports also play an important role in 8 __________ ____________ . It is not a surprise to see 9 _____________
_________________________ while watching the UEFA Champions League live and not unusual to find people enjoying 10 ________________________
__________ on the other side of the world.
connecting
people
people in Britain eating Chinese food
pizza while watching the
same game
Really
That’s interesting.
Is it really
It is really amazing ...
I also find it interesting to see ...
No wonder it isn’t a surprise to see ...
It is not unusual to find ...
Listening & speaking: Summary
Showing interest
Describing a common phenomenon
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Really
That’s interesting.
Is it really
Listening & speaking: Summary
Showing interest
Describing a common phenomenon
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
It is really amazing ...
I also find it interesting to see ...
No wonder it isn’t a surprise to see ...
It is not unusual to find ...
Work in pairs. Talk about another phenomenon of the global village using the expressions in this section.
Language points
教材原句p.41 ... to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors . ……如今，对于少数族裔演员来说，成为好莱坞主角的愿望更容易实现了。
minority n. 少数派；少数；少数民族
a minority of 少数……
be in a/the minority 占少数
Only a minority of students is/are interested in politics.只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
Women are in the minority in the top ranks of government.在政府的高级职位中，女性占少数。
minority languages 少数民族语言
【单词积累】
（1）minor adj. 较小的，次要的→ minority n. 少数派；少数
（2）major adj. 大的，重要的→ majority n. 大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数 the majority of 大多数……
搭配
◆完成句子
(1) Most of the people turned their back to him. Only 　　　　　 　　　　 ___________________（少数人）gave him a hand.
(2)An agreement seems to be impossible because 　　　　　 　　　　　_____________________（大多数）the committee members are against it.
(3)In the nursing profession，women 　　　　　 　　　　　（占大多数）.
◆单句语法填空
(4) ［词汇复现］To our disappointment，only a minority of people ________　　　　　（be）in favour of our plan.
a minority of people
is/are
the majority of
are in a/the majority
教材原句p.41 Even now， to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios. 即使是现在，由白人演员扮演亚洲角色也被电影制片厂所接受。
cast （cast，cast） v. 选派（角色）；投，抛，扔
cast sb. as sth. 选某人扮演某个角色
cast light on sth. 使了解某事；阐明某事
cast doubt on sth. 使怀疑某事
cast a shadow/cloud over sth. 给某事蒙上阴影
Steven Spielberg cast her as the young Wendy in Hook.
史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格选她扮演影片《铁钩船长》中年轻的温迪一角。
Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.
最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。
Her father’s illness cast a shadow over the birth of her baby.
她父亲的病给她孩子的出生蒙上了一层阴影。
搭配
◆完成句子
(1)He has 　　　　　　　　　　（选定她扮演一名律师）in his latest movie.
(2)He 　　　　　　　　　　（被选定扮演） a college professor.
(3) The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has　　　　　　　　　　______________________（使人们了解）why they became extinct.
(4) ［词汇复现］ This latest evidence has 　　　　　　　　　　______________________（使人们怀疑）his version of events.
cast her as a lawyer
was cast as
cast light on
cast doubt on

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