资源简介

(共39张PPT)
第一讲
词性、句子成分及基本句型
英语词法
1.词类
英语中有十大词类，可以分为实词和虚词
实词，是具备一定词汇意义，在句中可独立担任句子成分的词。
虚词，起结构作用，在句中表明词和词或句子中各个部分的关系词。
2.词的意义和作用
英语中的每个词都有其特定的作用，在句子中承担不同的功能。
基
数
词
序
数
词
句子成分
句子中最重要的两成分就是主语和谓语。英语中句子成分一般可以分为八种。
（1）主语（Subject）它是句子的主体，句子所要说明的人或事，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。常用n, pron, num, to-do,
v-ing, clause来担任。
The old lady told a joke but it fell flat.
They say we`re going to have a hot summer.
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
What you did is quite right.
（2）谓语（Predicate）它说明主语的动作或状态的部分。一般由动词(及物和不及物)或动词短语来担任。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has worked at the dress shop since 1994.
He laughed at his classmates.
The parents were invited to work shop on the last day of camp.
谓语的形式：
原形、三单、过去式、
情态动词/助动词+do
don't/doesn't/didn't+动词原形、
have/has/had done...
be + done
（3）宾语（Object）是及物动词的对象或者介词所表示的某种联系的对象。不及物动词后面不能接宾语，加上某个介词后才能加宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语，宾语一般由n,pron,num,to-do,doing,clause来担任。
1)He wants to buy a book.
2)We should learn from him.
3)He gave me a book.
4)Do you mind opening the window
5)He wants to dream a nice dream.
6)We need know what others are doing.
(动词宾语)
(介词宾语)
(间接宾语；直接宾语)
动名词
不定式
句子
（4）表语（Predicative）它在连系动词之后表示主语的性质,特征,状态或身份的部分。一般由n, pron, adj, num, to-do, v-ing, clause, prep.phrase 来担任。
My father is a professor.
Who's that in the photo It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
I was tired.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
名词 n
代词 pron
形容词 adj
-ing形式的adj
-ed形式的adj
to do不定式
句子
介词短语
①状态系动词：
②感官系动词：
③变化系动词：
④持续系动词：
⑤表象系动词：
⑥终止系动词：
am,is,are,was,were
look, sound, feel, smell, taste
get, grow, become, turn, go, fall
keep, remain, stay
seem, appear
prove(证明是), turn out(结果是,证明是)
（5）定语（Attributive）用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,常用形容词或与之相当的结构来承担,翻译成“……的”
Two boys need two pens.
His name is Tom.
The boy needs a ball pen.
The boy in blue is Tom.
The boy there needs a pen.
There is nothing to do today.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The boy you will know is Tom.
定语位置：
单个单词作定语通常位于被修饰词前。
复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；
不定式/分词短语/介词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰词后；
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
6. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，
说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
常用副词或与之相当的结构来承担。
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
The evening passed quickly.
副短
介短
to do
doing
adv
When I was a little girl, my mom taught me cooking.
If he goes, so will I .
I decided to go with them, because I had nothing better to do.
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等。
（7）宾语补足语：对宾语进行适当地补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。通常位于宾语之后。
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the chance.
I saw him going upstairs.
They found the house broken in.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
现在分词 doing
done 过去分词
（8）同位语(Appositive)：把一个名词（短语）、代词 或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，指代同一事物，这样的名词/代词或从句叫同位语。
We students should study hard.
(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students.
(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
Our monitor，Li Qiang , is a warm-hearted guy.
I heard the news that we had won the competition.
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：
He is six years old.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating
How old is he
Mary can swim, can’t she
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.
Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
句式分类
英语句式
简单句
并列句
复合句
2、按句子结构分，可分三种：
英语句式
简单句
并列句
复合句
只含有一个主谓结构的句子
1. Bill came.
2. I like basketball.
5. It makes me happy.
4. My friend lent me some CDs.
主谓宾 (S V O)
主谓(S V)
主谓宾宾(S V O O)
主谓宾宾补(S V O Oc)
3. The song
sounds beautiful.
主系表(S V P)
1. The 5 types of simple sentences
五种简单句
1. The sun has risen.
2. He will leave tomorrow.
不及物动词
S V
常见的vi有：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, appear, work, come true, take place, live等。
主语+不及物动词(短语)
升级：S V A(主语+谓语+状语)
1)Everything│goes│well.
2)He│has been standing│there.
3)They│talked│for half an hour last nigh
4)His parents│have worked│in the company for ten years.
1. Tom likes football.
2. Mary is reading a story book.
及物动词
S V O
主+谓+宾
升级：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)
1)The girl /enjoys/ reading /in the morning.
2)I│saw│her │just now.
3)She│stopped│teaching English│ two years ago.
4)She │responded to │my letter │quickly.
1.你们看起来气色很好。
You look very well.
3. 他们成了朋友。
They became friends.
2. 他的手摸上去很冷。
His hands feel cold.
4. 我们的任务是好好学习。
Our duty is to study hard.
5. Jim 在那儿。
Jim is there.
6.她可能在Jim 家。
She may be at Jim’s.
S V P
主+系+表
Can you ______ me this book
give
show
pass
lend
offer
hand
S V IO DO
主+谓+宾+宾
I can ______ you the kite .
make
buy
get
常见可接双宾语的动词：tell, teach, bring, send，return，offer,pay,award等。
间宾
直宾
I found him _________ (interest) in science.
2. The boss keeps them _________ (work).
3.I make myself __________ (understand) by students.
4.They│kept│the door│green.
5.We │call│him│hero.
6.He│made│the girl│cry just now.
7.He│asked│me│to come back soon.
interested
working
understood
S V O Oc
主+谓+宾+宾补
该句式常用于三类动词:
①使役动词: keep, make, let, have, leave, get..
②感官动词: see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch, look at, listen to, smell...
③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/ ... sb to do sth;等。
consider/elect/appoint sb (to be)…
There be +主语+状语
此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
现在有 there is/are …
过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…；
现在已经有 there has/have been…
2. 并列句：
句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用分号，and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。
e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
3）复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。
句型：1.主句+连词+从句；2.连词+从句+主句
e.g.
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
复合句
定语从句
状语从句
名词从句
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
句子成份综合练习
1、You should study hard.
2、The teacher got very angry.
3、The boy told me his story.
4、We elected him our monitor.
5、The sun keeps us warm.
6、I told him to open the window.
7、We watched the train leaving the station.
状语
表语
间宾+直宾
宾语+宾补
宾语+宾补
宾语+宾补
宾语+宾补
8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.
9. There seems little hopes of success.
10、To our joy, they arrived safe.
11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.
12. After graduation he will work where he came from.
宾语+宾补
主语
状语
同位语从句
时间和地点状语
You are sitting beside a dog.
There comes the bus !
The ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.
Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.
Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.
We think it our duty to study well.
主+谓（S+V）
主+谓（S+V）
主+系 +表（S+V+P）
主+动 +宾（SVO）
主+动 +间宾 +直宾（SVOiOd）
主+动 +宾 +补（SVOC）
判断下列句子属于何种句式．
综合练习
1. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
2. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
3. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
4. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
5. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
6. What he said at the meeting is very important.
7. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
8. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
并列句
复合句
并列句
复合句
简单句
简单句
简单句
复合句
简单句、并列句还是复合句
Thank you!

展开更多......

收起↑