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2024年高中高考英语复习测试卷（上海专用）（三）
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：140 分）
注意事项：
1 ．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I.Listening Comprehension （第 1-10 题, 每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1 ．A ．$20. B ．$40. C ．$60. D ．$80.
2 ．A ．In a language lab. B ．In a health center. C ．In a museum. D ．In a bookstore.
3 ．A ．On the bed. B ．In the wardrobe. C ．Under the lamp. D ．Near the map.
4 ．A ．Shop assistant and customer. B ．Husband and wife.
C ．Colleagues. D ．Neighbors.
5 ．A ．He agrees with the woman on school life.
B ．He has much change after going to college.
C ．He dislikes his life on campus.
D ．He has remained the same since last year.
6 ．A ．He is lining up.
B ．He is jumping the queue unknowingly. C ．He is complaining of the long queue. D ．He is standing behind the woman.
7 ．A ．Using core vocabulary.
B ．Having a general knowledge of grammar.
C ．Remembering more words.
D ．Concentrating on the key words.
8 ．A ．She has failed in the final exams.
B ．She should focus on her study.
C ．She should not have been anxious.
D ．She shouldn’t take too many courses. 9 ．A ．Ask his mum to pay for his study.
B ．Do some part-time jobs.
C ．Transfer to another school next semester.
D ．Talk about it with his mum.
10 ．A ．It is full of nonsense.
B ．It can hardly arouse the woman’s interest.
C ．It should be lent to more people.
D ．It is appealing to him.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11 ．A ．A naturalist. B ．A zoo specialist.
C ．A TV reporter. D ．A nurse.
12 ．A ．They are gentle and shy. B ．They are long-armed man-eaters
C ．They are good at smile from ear to ear. D ．They are fierce animals.
13 ．A ．Many species in the world may die out.
B ．A good example can be followed to preserve wildlife.
C ．Women are encouraged to work for zoos.
D ．Our world is not safe today.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14 ．A ．Industrial management. B ．Educational subjects.
C ．Vocational subjects. D ．Computer-aided design.
15 ．A ．Admissions Tutors. B ．Persons in the information office.
C ．Careers’ tutors. D ．Persons in the library.
16 ．A ．Foreign language. B ．Work experience.
C ．Educational background. D ．Students’ talent.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17 ．A ．Because they usually set fires at a wedding ceremony.
B ．Because people who receive them will give the couple a red envelop with money.
C ．Because they look like small bombs in a red envelop.
D ．Because Chinese people love red color especially at their wedding ceremonies.
18 ．A ．They often refer to a gift registry from the bride and groom.
B ．They directly ask the bride and groom for some advice. C ．They usually buy whatever they like themselves.
D ．They prefer to buy some special and expensive gifts.
19 ．A ．They have to promise to be responsible for their family.
B ．They often promise to take care of each other’s parents. C ．They usually promise to love and care for each other.
D ．They need promise to bring a happy life to the other.
20 ．A ．Chinese love alcohol while Americans prefer wine instead.
B ．Chinese toast with dishes but Americans toast with a cake.
C ．In China people toast after dancing but in U.S. people tend to toast before dancing.
D ．In China the bride and groom toast the guests while in U.S. guests toast the couple.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题 1 分；共 20 分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Love from the Apple Tree
Once upon a time, there used to be a tall and big apple tree. A little boy, every day to the tree down, climbed up 21
(pick) apples to eat, and slept in the shade of the tree. He loved the apple tree, and it loved to play with him. The little boy gradually grew up and stopped 22 (come) to play every day. One day he came to the tree, picked all the apples and left happily. Another day, the boy came again, and cut off all the branches, happily away to build a house himself. One summer, the boy came back, cut down her tree trunk, built a boat, 23 (sail) away, and did not come back for a long time. After years, the boy returned at last. He was old and wanted 24 more than a place to rest. “Old root is 25 (suitable) to sit down and rest, come on, sit down and rest with me!” The boy sat down, and the apple tree was so happy that it shed tears.
This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parent. 26 we are young, we love to play with Mom and Dad. Having grown up, we leave them, and only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they 27 to make you happy.
28 your parents can give you is not necessarily the best in the world, but they will try their best to give you all, and they are afraid that it is not enough; maybe they never said “I love you”, but love you in their own way for a lifetime, 29 is how most parents around the world show their love. For example, a tired father was watching his two daughters eat fried chicken, but he didn’t order anything, telling his daughters that he was not hungry, 30 more money in his pocket. We grow up to know that the world’s most affectionate lie is what the father and mother said: I do not love to cat it and I am not hungry.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is
one word more than you need.
A ．advantage B ．anticipating C ． digitally D ．facilitating E. geometry F. giant G. initiated H. painstakingly I. potentially J. reopened K. sought
How Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame, the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.
Since then, people from around the world have united to support an effort, 31 by French President, that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year. Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have 32 to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oakwood (橡木) and stone that have stood the test of centuries.
But the builders, architects and engineers do have the 33 of some 21st century technologies, including modern building information modeling (BIM) software that enables them to work with a(n) 34 detailed 3D digital model of
the cathedral and surrounding site, backed by powerful cloud computing technology.
“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together, how it’s constructed,” says Andrew Anagnost, CEO of design software 35 Autodesk. It has contributed technical consulting, software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire. A digital model, which took more than a year to create, includes more than 12,000 objects.
It was a complex process. Onsite workers captured the point-by-point 3D 36 of the cathedral with laser (激光) and photo equipment. Then, others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects, down to individual building stones. That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire — important for 37 any stability issues — and plan out the process of reconstruction.
“It’s like Mission: Impossible when they plan,” says Nicolas Mangon, VP of architecture, engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk. “Every little piece is done 38 , and with the 3D model you can simulate ( 模拟) everything.”
Even when the cathedral is 39 , the model may still serve important roles. Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward, 40 using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.
III.Reading Comprehension (共 45 分。 41-45 每题 1 分；56-70 每题 2 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Back in 1930, the economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that with technological change and improvements in-productivity, we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now. But while working hours have 41 by 26%, most of us still average 42.5 hours a week.
One of the things Keynes underestimated is the human desire to 42 with our peers — a drive that makes most of us work more than we need to. “We don’t measure productivity by how much we’ve harvested anymore,” says Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, visiting scholar at Stanford University. “Overworking has been part of Western society since the Industrial Revolution. When some predicted that automation would create an extra amount of 43 time, needless to say, that didn’t happen.
Thanks to computerization and globalization in the 1980s, managers could demand more of employees under the 44 that jobs could be given to someone else. So the 45 piled on. And we took it exhausted, but asking up the burden all the same. The psychologist Barbara Killnger writes in Workaholics: Te Respectable Addicts about how we 46
sacrifice our own well-being through overwork for “success” .
But far from delivering productivity, value, or personal fulfillment, overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress, greater risk of heart disease and even shorter lifespans. 47 we carried on — until COVID-19 came along.
Besides making us work longer hours from home, COVID-19 has also 48 the move towards the adoption of automated machine, especially tor jobs requiring much interpersonal contact-from Amazon developing delivery drones (无 人机) to self-driving cars. By 2050, Michael Osborne, a professor of machine learning at the University of Oxford, predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to 49 .
There are 50 . Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills: so teaching, social care, nursing and counselling are all likely to 51 the AI revolution. As are jobs that rely on creativity. The same also goes for 52 jobs, according to Osborne, due to the large number of different objects cleaners encounter and the variety of ways those objects need to be dealt with. Interestingly, areas of the workplace traditionally dominated by women won’t be so easily adopted by AI. Robots are unlikely to 53 in the “work” of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes and doing the laundry.
Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future, just 54 . In about 60% of occupations, it is estimated that a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning changes to the way we work. A large-scale study has predicted that over the next 20 years, although 7 million jobs will be taken over by AI. 7.2 million new ones will be 55 as a result. So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.
41 ．A ．declined B ．increased C ．continued D ．kept
42 ．A ．disagree B ．compete C ．cooperate D ．identify
43 ．A ．working B ．tough C ．leisure D ．active
44 ．A ．fantasy B ．influence C ．threat D ．impression
45 ．A．joy B ．cash C ．ambition D ．pressure
46 ．A ．excitedly B ．willingly C ．dramatically D ．hopefully
47 ．A ．Otherwise B ．Still C ．Furthermore D ．Therefore
48 ．A ．speeded up B ．followed up C ．prepared for D ．planned for
49 ．A ．overwork B ．labour C ．automation D ．science
50 ．A ．dreams B ．models C ．expectations D ．exceptions
51 ．A ．cause B ．cease C ．survive D ．undergo
52 ．A ．caring B ．cleaning C ．curing D ．coaching
53 ．A ．assist B ．exist C ．believe D ．understand
54 ．A ．hardly B ．differently C ．unfortunately D ．probably
55 ．A ．lost B ．recovered C ．substituted D ．created
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C andD. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.
Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.
Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.
The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.
At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.
Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.
Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.
56 ．The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was .
A ．her family’s supportive influence on her education
B ．her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinic
C ．her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happily
D ．her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men
57 ．What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage
A ．Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.
B ．Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.
C ．Focusing on rote memorization and competition.
D ．Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.
58 ．Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .
A ．she wanted to explore other countries and cultures
B ．she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her work
C ．she was offered a better job in a different country
D ．she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country
59 ．Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage
A ．Observant and innovative. B ．Traditional and emotional.
C ．Progressive and dependent. D ．Open-minded and indifferent.
(B)
Star Wars: From a Certain Point of View- Return of the JediTo mark the 40th anniversary of the release of Return of the Jedi, this selection sees 40 scenes from the movie recreated through the eyes of a supporting character, from robots to Mon Mothma. So, among the 40 writers and artists contributing, we have Olivie Blake giving a glimpse into the mind of Emperor Palpatine, Mary Kenney telling the story of Wicket the Ewok’s dream of a quiet day on the forest moon of Endor and Charlie Jane Anders looking into that terrifying open mouth in the desert of Tatooine.
Creation Node by Stephen BaxterStephen Baxter is the author of one of my all-time favourite moments in a sci-fi novel: the oceans close over the top of Everest in Flood. I think of his drowned Earth relatively often - it is an image burned into my brain. His latest book sounds equally interesting and I’ll definitely be giving it a read. Set in 2255, it follows the discovery of an object called Planet Nine, which a
woman named Salma spots from her spaceship. It’s not a planet, or the “ninth” of anything; it was briefly believed to be a black hole, but then it sends a message that there is something waiting on its surface. Meanwhile, a quasar(类星体)has appeared and is heating up the solar system. Lots to deal with, then.
Starter Villain by John ScalziThis is the sort of sci-fi novel that needs to be described as a joke, I feel. It’s set on Earth today and sees divorced substitute teacher Charlie inherit his long-lost late uncle Jake’s business. Unfortunately for Charlie, he also inherits his uncle’s enemies. We are also promised intelligent, talking spy cats and unionised dolphins - what’s not to like
Land of Milk and Honey by C ．Pam ZhangI loved Zhang’s first novel, How Much of These Hills Is Gold, set in the 19th-century Old West. I highly, highly recommend it: Zhang is a phenomenal writer. Her second book moves the action to the near future, where food crops are disappearing and a smog is spreading. Hoping to escape her troubled reality, a chef takes a job in a mountaintop settlement for the global elite (精英) and discovers plans to reshape the world.
Edge of Here by Kelechi OkaforWhat a treat this sounds: a short story collection to dip into in this busiest of months. Okafor, who is host of the Say Your Mind podcast, sets out to explore contemporary Black womanhood, but sets her stories in a Black Mirror version of the near future. There’s one in which you can experience someone else’s emotions through a chip in your brain, one where you can view bits of a distant relative’s life with help from your DNA .
60 ．If you want to know the life of a cook, which novel would you choose
A ．Edge of Here by Kelechi Okafor B ．Starter Villain by John Scalzi
C ．Creation Node by Stephen Baxter D ．Land of Milk and Honey by C ． Pam Zhang
61 ．What does the underlined phrase mean in the first paragraph
A ．A non-leading role. B ．A viewer. C ．A director D ．A writing style.
62 ．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A ．In Fiction 2, the Solar System is getting colder.
B ．In Fiction 3, a single teacher inherited his uncle’s business.
C ．In Fiction 4, the author described events in the remote area.
D ．In Fiction 5, you can experience black life through brain chips.
(C)
Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine.
Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
63 ．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
A ．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them
B ．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted
C ．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them D ．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems
64 ．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics
A ．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.
B ．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.
C ．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.
D ．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.
65 ．According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .
A ．there is little chance of patenting phages in the future
B ．governments provide financial support for other research
C ．the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interest
D ．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages 66 ．What is the main idea of the passage
A ．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.
B ．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.
C ．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages. D ．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A ．Here we show how this work translates to humans. B ．Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep. C ．The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. D ．Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted. E ．The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. F ．Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.
Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success
For young adults, college is a time of transition. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using sleep trackers, they
found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. 67
David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA .
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. “ 68 The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
69 The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to ( 相 对 应 ) a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA .
“Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. “ 70 ”
“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
IV.Summary Writing (共 10 分）(71)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Should We Read Literary Classics
Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics. Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways. In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better
Many literary classics from yesteryear, which got little or no success when published, are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures. One can always ask, “But we can do so by reading our history books too. Why do we need to read classics ” The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.
It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language. But literary classics have an edge: the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart. Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing, we’ll surely pause and wonder about what we read. For instance, when we read Shakespeare, we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching “Have more than you show; speak less than you know.”
One more benefit is that after reading classics, we won’t see non-classics as just other stories: we’ll become interested in them. Maybe we’ll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating, or we’ll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story. Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works. We finally fall in love with non-classics as well.
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V.Translation (共 15 分。第 1 小题和第 2 小题,每题 3 分;第 3 题 4 分;第 4 题 5 分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72 ．如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。(preparation)(汉译英)
73 ．球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter) (汉译英)
74 ．我们要关注的不是孩子们的言语，而是他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动。(not...but) (汉译英)
75．这个导览机器人在很多方面有了改进，不仅可以为参观者提供需要的信息，甚至还能带他们去目的地。(which) (汉译英)
VI.Guided Writing (共 25 分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，学校最近就如何组织好每天上午 30 分钟的大课间活动征求全校学生的意见。 你给负责的王老师写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 有关组织大课间活动的建议；
2. 你的理由。
注意：不要在邮件中提及你的真实姓名和学校等相关信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________2024年高中高考英语复习测试卷（上海专用）（三）
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：140 分）
注意事项：
1 ．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I.Listening Comprehension （第 1-10 题, 每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1 ．A ．$20. B ．$40. C ．$60. D ．$80.
【答案】B
【原文】M: The ticket price for adults is $40.
W: Wow, as students and retired people, we can have 50% off.
Q: How much do a couple of retired people have to pay for the tickets
2 ．A ．In a language lab. B ．In a health center. C ．In a museum. D ．In a bookstore.
【答案】D
【原文】W: Here we are. Now cooking, language learning, literature... What kind of book do you want M: On health, I’m afraid.
Q: Where are probably the two speakers
3 ．A ．On the bed. B ．In the wardrobe. C ．Under the lamp. D ．Near the map.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Have you seen our white cat
W: I saw it under the lamp between the wardrobe and the bed. Q: Where did the woman see the white cat
4 ．A ．Shop assistant and customer. B ．Husband and wife.
C ．Colleagues. D ．Neighbors.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Honey, look at the fruits you have brought home. W: Sorry, some of them got rotten.
Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers
5 ．A ．He agrees with the woman on school life.
B ．He has much change after going to college.
C ．He dislikes his life on campus.
D ．He has remained the same since last year.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Our campus life is much the same as the last year’s. M: Very much so.
Q: What does the man mean
6 ．A ．He is lining up.
B ．He is jumping the queue unknowingly. C ．He is complaining of the long queue. D ．He is standing behind the woman.
【答案】B
【原文】W: What are you doing We are standing in line. M: Sorry...I didn’t realize the queue.
Q: What is the man doing
7 ．A ．Using core vocabulary.
B ．Having a general knowledge of grammar.
C ．Remembering more words.
D ．Concentrating on the key words.
【答案】A
【原文】M: It is important to learn the basic grammar and words to speak a new language quickly. W: Well, I’m afraid the key factor is the use of core vocabulary.
Q: What does the woman think of the most important element to speak a new language fast
8 ．A ．She has failed in the final exams.
B ．She should focus on her study.
C ．She should not have been anxious.
D ．She shouldn’t take too many courses.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Jane seemed worried about her scores in the final exams. W: She has got A and A minus, hasn’t she
Q: What does the woman imply about Jane
9 ．A ．Ask his mum to pay for his study.
B ．Do some part-time jobs.
C ．Transfer to another school next semester.
D ．Talk about it with his mum.
【答案】D
【原文】W: Why not take up some part-time jobs to support your study next semester, Tom M: I’ll discuss it with my mum. After all, she pays my tuition here.
Q: What will the man do
10 ．A ．It is full of nonsense.
B ．It can hardly arouse the woman’s interest.
C ．It should be lent to more people.
D ．It is appealing to him.
【答案】D
【原文】W: I wasn’t sure whether the book I lent was the kind you would have any interest in. M: Nonsense. I can hardly tear myself away from it.
Q: What does the man think of the book
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11 ．A ．A naturalist. B ．A zoo specialist.
C ．A TV reporter. D ．A nurse.
12 ．A ．They are gentle and shy. B ．They are long-armed man-eaters
C ．They are good at smile from ear to ear. D ．They are fierce animals.
13 ．A ．Many species in the world may die out.
B ．A good example can be followed to preserve wildlife.
C ．Women are encouraged to work for zoos.
D ．Our world is not safe today.
【答案】11 ．B 12 ．A 13 ．B
【原文】
When all the animals of a species die out, the whole world loses. That creature is gone forever. Many people are
worried about this happening to a large number of wild animals. They spend time campaigning to help preserve wildlife. One of the best known preservationists is Joan Emberry. She is an attractive young woman who works for the San Diego Zoo.
Joan Emberry’s vast knowledge of animals makes her a frequent guest on TV talk shows. She has been on the "Jonny Carson Show" over forty times. She explains common errors in thinking about wildlife. For example, gorillas aren’t the
fierce, cruel and savage beasts they appear to be. They are really quite shy. Monkeys that smile aren’t as happy as they
seem. In fact, a monkey’s ear-to-ear smile means "watch out". Snakes really help nature by eating harmful insects. So
people should try to protect them. Joan Emberry hopes that once people understand animals better, they will do their best to preserve them.
How lucky animals are to have a friend like Joan Emberry! Questions：
11. Who is Joan Emberry
12. What do you think gorillas are according to the passage
13. What is the passage mainly about
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14 ．A ．Industrial management. B ．Educational subjects.
C ．Vocational subjects. D ．Computer-aided design.
15 ．A ．Admissions Tutors. B ．Persons in the information office.
C ．Careers’ tutors. D ．Persons in the library.
16 ．A ．Foreign language. B ．Work experience.
C ．Educational background. D ．Students’ talent.
【答案】14 ．C 15 ．A 16 ．B
【原文】
Good morning and welcome to the North-East London Polytechnic. The North-East London Polytechnic, which we often call as NELP for short is one of thirty polytechnics in England and Wales.
As you know, at a polytechnic, you follow similar courses of study to those at universities, although many polytechnic courses are strongly vocational. That is, they lead directly to a career, and you may well spend a considerable slice of your time actually working on placement in industry or any other work area as a part of the course itself. Some of these courses are the so called "sandwich" courses: typically two years’ polytechnic study, one year in industry, and a final year back at the poly before your examinations.
Another feature of polytechnic life is that there is a very large choice of courses. For example, at NELP you can study Manufacturing Systems Management specializing in computer-aided design, or Business Studies with the option of adding German to the course.
Entry requirements are often flexible: many mature students find that their work experience is rated by the Admissions Tutors as highly as if they offered formal examination qualifications. If you want to choose your course you may discuss
with Admissions Tutors on NELP courses. Careers advisory services and college careers tutors are a tremendous source of up-to-date information.
Questions:
14. What do polytechnic courses mainly focus on
15. Who may help students to choose right courses at NELP
16. What may be considered as an entry requirement
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17 ．A ．Because they usually set fires at a wedding ceremony.
B ．Because people who receive them will give the couple a red envelop with money.
C ．Because they look like small bombs in a red envelop.
D ．Because Chinese people love red color especially at their wedding ceremonies.
18 ．A ．They often refer to a gift registry from the bride and groom.
B ．They directly ask the bride and groom for some advice.
C ．They usually buy whatever they like themselves.
D ．They prefer to buy some special and expensive gifts.
19 ．A ．They have to promise to be responsible for their family.
B ．They often promise to take care of each other’s parents. C ．They usually promise to love and care for each other.
D ．They need promise to bring a happy life to the other.
20 ．A ．Chinese love alcohol while Americans prefer wine instead.
B ．Chinese toast with dishes but Americans toast with a cake.
C ．In China people toast after dancing but in U.S. people tend to toast before dancing.
D ．In China the bride and groom toast the guests while in U.S. guests toast the couple.
【答案】17 ．B 18 ．A 19 ．C 20 ．D 【原文】Joe: Hey, Ling! Look what I just got!
Ling: A red bomb!
Joe: Red bomb It’s a wedding invitation.
Ling: It’s just a joke. In Chinese, we say wedding invitations are red bombs. Because when you receive one, it means you’ll be giving money away.
Joe: What
Ling: For Chinese weddings, we give the couple cash in red envelopes. Joe: Like at Chinese New Year
Ling: Yes. That’s right. What do you do in the U.S. Joe: People usually choose gifts from a gift registry.
Ling: A gift registry You mean the bride and groom request gifts
Joe: Yes. I like registries. You know you’re giving the couple something they want.
Ling: I learned something new! Have you ever been to a Chinese wedding before, Joe
Joe: I haven’t! I’m really looking forward to it. Ling: What are weddings like in the U.S.
Joe: Well, first there is a ceremony in a church or at a beautiful outdoor location. During the ceremony, the couple promises to love and care for each other.
Ling: There is no ceremony like that for most Chinese weddings. The celebration is the banquet. Joe: I’ve heard that it’s a real feast.
Ling: Yes. There are usually more than 10 courses at a wedding banquet. Each dish wishes the couple good luck in some
way.
Joe: Interesting. Is there dancing afterward Ling: Dancing Like at a party
Joe: Yes. After the ceremony at many American weddings, there is a buffet or sit-down dinner.
Ling: That sounds fun. But no, Chinese banquets don’t usually include dancing. We have toasts, though. The bride and groom and their parents go to each table and toast the guests.
Joe: They toast at American weddings, too. But the guests give them to congratulate the couple. Oh, and there is always a wedding cake! Cutting the cake is an important tradition.
Ling: That sounds interesting. I’d like to attend a Western wedding someday.
Questions:
17. According to the dialogue, why do Chinese people call wedding invitations red bombs
18. How do Americans choose a gift for the bride and groom
19. During the wedding ceremony in America, what do the couple usually promise
20. What is the difference between American toasts and Chinese toasts at a wedding ceremony according to the dialogue
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题 1 分；共 20 分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Love from the Apple Tree
Once upon a time, there used to be a tall and big apple tree. A little boy, every day to the tree down, climbed up 21 (pick) apples to eat, and slept in the shade of the tree. He loved the apple tree, and it loved to play with him. The little boy gradually grew up and stopped 22 (come) to play every day. One day he came to the tree, picked all the apples and left happily. Another day, the boy came again, and cut off all the branches, happily away to build a house himself. One summer, the boy came back, cut down her tree trunk, built a boat, 23 (sail) away, and did not come back for a long time. After years, the boy returned at last. He was old and wanted 24 more than a place to rest. “Old root is 25 (suitable) to sit down and rest, come on, sit down and rest with me!” The boy sat down, and the apple tree was so happy that it shed tears.
This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parent. 26 we are young, we love to play with Mom and Dad. Having grown up, we leave them, and only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter
what, parents will always be there and give everything they 27 to make you happy.
28 your parents can give you is not necessarily the best in the world, but they will try their best to give you all, and they are afraid that it is not enough; maybe they never said “I love you”, but love you in their own way for a lifetime, 29 is how most parents around the world show their love. For example, a tired father was watching his two daughters eat fried chicken, but he didn’t order anything, telling his daughters that he was not hungry, 30 more money in his pocket. We grow up to know that the world’s most affectionate lie is what the father and mother said: I do not love to cat it and I am not hungry.
【答案】
21．to pick 22．coming 23．sailed 24．nothing 25．the most suitable 26．When/While 27．can/could
28 ．What 29 ．which 30 ．without
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章通过一个小男孩和一棵树的故事来阐释父母与孩子的关系，以及父母对孩子的爱。
21 ．考查非谓语动词。句意： 一个小男孩，每天到树下，爬上去摘苹果吃，然后睡在树荫下。此处表示目的， 应用 不定式作目的状语，故填 to pick。
22 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小男孩渐渐长大了，不再每天来玩了。stop doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“停止做某 事”，符合语境，此处表示停止原来做的那件事，区别于 stop to do sth.，意为“停下来去做另外一件事”，不合句意， 故填 coming。
23．考查时态。句意： 一年夏天，男孩回来了，砍下她的树干，造了一艘船，扬帆远航，很长一段时间都没有回来。 此处是谓语动词，和 came ，cut ，built 以及 did not come 是并列关系，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填 sailed。
24 ．考查代词。句意：他老了，只想找个地方休息。nothing more than 固定搭配，意为“仅仅；只不过”，故填 nothing。
25 ．考查形容词最高级。句意： 老根最适合坐下来休息，来，坐下来和我一起休息！此处应用形容词作表语，由句 意可知，此处表示“最适合的”，应用形容词最高级，the most suitable。故填 the most suitable。
26 ．考查连词。句意： 当我们年轻的时候，我们喜欢和爸爸妈妈一起玩。空处引导时间状语从句， 应用 when/while 引导状语从句，表示“当…… 时候”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填 When/While。
27．考查情态动词。句意： 无论发生什么，父母总是会在你身边，尽他们所能让你快乐。they 是定语从句，
修饰 everything，此处表示“他们能给你的一切”，应用情态动词 can/could 表示“能”，此处省略了与前面重复的谓语 动词 give，故填 can/could。
28 ．考查主语从句。句意： 你的父母能给你的不一定是世界上最好的，但他们会尽最大的努力给你所有，他们害怕 这是不够的；也许他们从来没有说“我爱你”，但他们一生用自己的方式爱你，这是世界各地大多数父母表示他们爱
的方式。 your parents can give you 是主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用 what 引导主语从句，单词位于
句首，首字母大写，故填 What。
29 ．考查定语从句。句意： 你的父母能给你的不一定是世界上最好的，但他们会尽最大的努力给你所有，他们害怕 这是不够的；也许他们从来没有说“我爱你”，但他们一生用自己的方式爱你，这是世界各地大多数父母表示他们爱 的方式。空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词是前面整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用 which 引导定语从句，故填 which。
30 ．考查介词。句意： 例如，一个疲惫的父亲看着他的两个女儿吃炸鸡，但他没有点任何东西，告诉他的女儿，他 不饿，因为他口袋里没有更多的钱。根据句意可知，此处父亲口袋里没有钱，表示“没有”应用介词 without，故填 without。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is
one word more than you need.
A ．advantage B ．anticipating C ． digitally D ．facilitating E. geometry F. giant G. initiated H. painstakingly I. potentially J. reopened K. sought
How Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame, the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.
Since then, people from around the world have united to support an effort, 31 by French President, that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year. Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have 32 to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oakwood (橡木) and stone that have stood the test of centuries.
But the builders, architects and engineers do have the 33 of some 21st century technologies, including modern building information modeling (BIM) software that enables them to work with a(n) 34 detailed 3D digital model of the cathedral and surrounding site, backed by powerful cloud computing technology.
“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together, how it’s constructed,” says Andrew Anagnost, CEO of design software 35 Autodesk. It has contributed technical consulting, software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire. A digital model, which took more than a year to create, includes more than 12,000 objects.
It was a complex process. Onsite workers captured the point-by-point 3D 36 of the cathedral with laser (激光) and photo equipment. Then, others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects, down to
individual building stones. That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire — important for 37 any stability issues — and plan out the process of reconstruction.
“It’s like Mission: Impossible when they plan,” says Nicolas Mangon, VP of architecture, engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk. “Every little piece is done 38 , and with the 3D model you can simulate ( 模拟) everything.”
Even when the cathedral is 39 , the model may still serve important roles. Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward, 40 using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.
【答案】
31 ．G 32 ．K 33 ．A 34 ．H 35 ．F 36 ．E 37 ．B 38 ．C 39 ．J 40 ．I
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字建模如何在修复巴黎圣母院中发挥关键作用。
31 ．考查动词。句意： 从那以后，世界各地的人们联合起来支持一项由法国总统发起的努力，该努力的目的是在明 年年底之前让这座建筑重新向公众开放。根据“by French President”以及句意“发起”可知应填过去分词initiated，作定 语修饰 effort。故选 G。
32 ．考查动词。句意： 修复这座哥特式大教堂的团队试图用橡木和石头等经受了几个世纪考验的材料重建大部分受 损部分。根据“to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood”以及句意“试图”可知应填动词的过 去分词形式 sought，与空前的 have 构成现在完成时。故选 K。
33 ．考查名词。句意： 但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些 21 世纪技术的优势，包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM) 软件，该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下，对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的 3D 数字模型。根 据“including modern building information modeling (BIM) software”以及句意“优势”可知应填名词 advantage ，作宾语。 故选 A。
34 ．考查副词。句意： 但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些 21 世纪技术的优势，包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM) 软件，该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下，对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的 3D 数字模型。根 据“detailed 3D digital model of the cathedral”以及句意“精心制作的”可知应填副词 painstakingly，修饰 detailed。故选 H。
35 ．考查形容词。句意：设计软件巨头欧特克(Autodesk)的首席执行官 Andrew Anagnost 表示：“它让你真正了解一 栋建筑是如何组合在一起的，以及它是如何建造的。”根据“CEO of design software”以及句意“巨头”可知应填形容词 giant，故选 F。
36．考查名词。句意： 现场工作人员用激光和摄影设备逐点拍摄了大教堂的 3D 几何形状。根据“ofthe cathedral with laser and photo equipment”以及句意“几何”可知应填名词 geometry，作宾语。故选 E。
37 ．考查动词。句意：这让专家们看到了这座建筑在火灾中是如何移动的——这对预测任何稳定性问题都很重要 ——并规划出重建过程。根据“any stability issues — and plan out the process of reconstruction”以及句意“预测”可知应 填 anticipate，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选 B。
38 ．考查副词。句意： “每一个小部件都是数字化的，有了3D 模型，你可以模拟一切。”根据“with the 3D model”以 及句意“数字化”可知应填副词 digitally，修饰动词 done。故选 C。
39 ．考查动词。句意：即使大教堂重新开放，该模型仍可能发挥重要作用。根据“Even when the cathedral is”以及句 意“重新开放”可知应填动词的过去分词形式，与空前的 is 构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选 J。
40 ．考查副词。句意： 曼贡说，该公司目前正在讨论用它来管理未来综合体的各个方面，可能会使用传感器来显示 未来任何火灾的确切位置。根据“Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward”以及句意“可能”可知应填副词 potentially，修饰动词 use。故选 I。
III.Reading Comprehension (共 45 分。 41-45 每题 1 分；56-70 每题 2 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Back in 1930, the economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that with technological change and improvements in-productivity, we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now. But while working hours have 41 by 26%, most of us still average 42.5 hours a week.
One of the things Keynes underestimated is the human desire to 42 with our peers — a drive that makes most of us work more than we need to. “We don’t measure productivity by how much we’ve harvested anymore,” says Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, visiting scholar at Stanford University. “Overworking has been part of Western society since the Industrial Revolution. When some predicted that automation would create an extra amount of 43 time, needless to say, that didn’t happen.
Thanks to computerization and globalization in the 1980s, managers could demand more of employees under the 44 that jobs could be given to someone else. So the 45 piled on. And we took it exhausted, but asking up the burden all the same. The psychologist Barbara Killnger writes in Workaholics: Te Respectable Addicts about how we 46 sacrifice our own well-being through overwork for “success” .
But far from delivering productivity, value, or personal fulfillment, overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress, greater risk of heart disease and even shorter lifespans. 47 we carried on — until COVID-19 came along.
Besides making us work longer hours from home, COVID-19 has also 48 the move towards the adoption of automated machine, especially tor jobs requiring much interpersonal contact-from Amazon developing delivery drones (无
人机) to self-driving cars. By 2050, Michael Osborne, a professor of machine learning at the University of Oxford, predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to 49 .
There are 50 . Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills: so teaching, social care, nursing and counselling are all likely to 51 the AI revolution. As are jobs that rely on creativity. The same also goes for 52 jobs, according to Osborne, due to the large number of different objects cleaners encounter and the variety of ways those objects need to be dealt with. Interestingly, areas of the workplace traditionally dominated by women won’t be so easily adopted by AI. Robots are unlikely to 53 in the “work” of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes and doing the laundry.
Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future, just 54 . In about 60% of occupations, it is estimated that a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning changes to the way we work. A large-scale study has predicted that over the next 20 years, although 7 million jobs will be taken over by AI. 7.2 million new ones will be 55 as a result. So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.
41 ．A ．declined B ．increased C ．continued D ．kept
42 ．A ．disagree B ．compete C ．cooperate D ．identify
43 ．A ．working B ．tough C ．leisure D ．active
44 ．A ．fantasy B ．influence C ．threat D ．impression
45 ．A．joy B ．cash C ．ambition D ．pressure
46 ．A ．excitedly B ．willingly C ．dramatically D ．hopefully
47 ．A ．Otherwise B ．Still C ．Furthermore D ．Therefore
48 ．A ．speeded up B ．followed up C ．prepared for D ．planned for
49 ．A ．overwork B ．labour C ．automation D ．science
50 ．A ．dreams B ．models C ．expectations D ．exceptions
51 ．A ．cause B ．cease C ．survive D ．undergo
52 ．A ．caring B ．cleaning C ．curing D ．coaching
53 ．A ．assist B ．exist C ．believe D ．understand
54 ．A ．hardly B ．differently C ．unfortunately D ．probably
55 ．A ．lost B ．recovered C ．substituted D ．created
【答案】
41 ．A 42 ．B 43 ．C 44 ．C 45 ．D 46 ．B 47 ．B 48 ．A 49 ．C 50 ．D 51 ．C
52 ．B 53 ．A 54 ．B 55 ．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类工作时间的变化以及自动化对工作方式的影响。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 但是，虽然工作时间减少了 26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是 42.5 小时。
A. declined 下降；B. increased 增加；C. continued 继续；D. kept 保持。根据上文“we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now.(我们现在每周只工作 15 个小时)”可知，虽然工作时间减少了26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是 42.5 小时，while 引导让步状语从句，表转折，故选 A。
42 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 凯恩斯低估的一件事是人类与同伴竞争的欲望——这种欲望使我们大多数人工作得
比我们需要的更多。A. disagree 不同意；B. compete 比赛；C. cooperate 合作；D. identify 识别。根据后文“a drive that makes most of us work more than we need to”可知，人类喜欢和同伴竞争，导致大多数人工作得比我们需要的更多。
故选 B。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一些人预测自动化将创造更多的闲暇时间时，不用说，这并没有发生。A. working
有工作的；B. tough 艰难的；C. leisure 闲暇的；D. active 活跃的。根据上文“automation would create an extra amount of”可知，自动化应该带来更多的闲暇时间。故选 C。
44 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 由于 20 世纪 80 年代的计算机化和全球化，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的
威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。A. fantasy 幻想；B. influence 影响；C. threat 威胁；D. impression 印象。根据后文“that jobs could be given to someone else”可知，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。故 选 C。
45 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以压力越来越大。A. joy 玩笑；B. cash 现金；C. ambition 抱负；D. pressure 压力。 根据后文“And we took it exhausted, but asking up the burden all the same.(我们尽了力，仍要担重担)”可知，人类的压 力越来越大了。故选 D。
46 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：心理学家芭芭拉 基尔格在《工作狂:受人尊敬的瘾君子》一书中写道，为了“成功”，
我们是如何心甘情愿地牺牲自己的幸福的。A. excitedly 激动地；B. willingly 愿意地；C. dramatically 戏剧性地；D. hopefully 有希望地。根据后文“through overwork for “success””指人类为了成功，心甘情愿地牺牲自己的幸福。故选 B。
47 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们还是坚持了下来，直到 COVID-19 出现。A. Otherwise 否则；B. Still 仍然； C. Furthermore 此外；D. Therefore 因此。根据上文“But far from delivering productivity, value, or personal fulfillment, overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress, greater risk of heart disease and even shorter lifespans.(但事实证明，
过度工作不仅不会带来生产力、价值或个人成就感，还会导致倦怠、压力、更大的心脏病风险，甚至更短的寿命)” 以及后文“we carried on”指过度工作虽然有很多坏处，但我们仍然坚持下来了。故选 B。
48 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了让我们在家工作更长时间外，COVID-19 还加速了自动化机器的采用，特别是
对于需要大量人际接触的工作——从亚马逊开发的送货无人机到自动驾驶汽车。A. speeded up 加速；B. followed up
跟上；C. prepared for 准备；D. planned for 制定计划。根据后文“the move towards the adoption of automated machine, especially tor jobs requiring much interpersonal contact-from Amazon developing delivery drones to self-driving cars.”可知， COVID-19 加速了自动化机器的采用，特别是对于需要大量人际接触的工作——从亚马逊开发的送货无人机到自动 驾驶汽车。故选 A。
49 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 牛津大学机器学习教授迈克尔 奥斯本预测，到 2050 年， 目前至少 40%的工作岗位
将被自动化取代。A. overwork 劳累过度；B. labour 劳动；C. automation 自动化；D. science 科学。呼应上文“the move towards the adoption of automated machine”指到 2050 年，目前至少 40%的工作岗位将被自动化取代。故选 C。
50 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也有例外。A. dreams 梦想；B. models 模型；C. expectations 期待；D. exceptions 例 外。根据后文“Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills: so teaching, social care, nursing and counselling are all likely to survive the AI revolution.(涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因 此，教学、社会关怀、护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来)”可知，不是所有的工作都会被取代，有一 些工作例外。故选 D。
51 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因此，教学、社会关怀、
护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。A. cause 造成；B. cease 终止；C. survive 生存；D. undergo 经历。 根据上文“Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills: so teaching, social care, nursing and counselling are all likely to”可知，涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因此，教学、社会关怀、 护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。故选 C。
52 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 奥斯本表示，清洁工作也是如此，因为清洁工会遇到大量不同的物体，需要处理这
些物体的方法也多种多样。A. caring 关心；B. cleaning 清理；C. curing 治愈；D. coaching 指导。根据后文“due to the large number of different objects cleaners encounter and the variety of ways those objects need to be dealt with”可知，此处 指清洁工作。故选 B。
53 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒和洗衣服等“工作” 。A. assist 帮助，协
助；B. exist 存在；C. believe 相信；D. understand 理解。根据后文“in the “work” of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes and doing the laundry.”指机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒和洗衣服等“工作”。故选 A。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 那些工作不在护理、清洁或创意领域的人将来仍然会工作， 只是工作方式不同而已。
A. hardly 几乎不；B. differently 不同地；C. unfortunately 不幸地；D. probably 可能。根据上文“Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future, just”指辨析。句意：那些工作不在护理、清洁或创 意领域的人将来仍然会工作，只是工作方式不同。故选 B。
55 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 因此，将会产生 720 万个新岗位。A. lost 丢失；B. recovered 恢复；C. substituted 代 替；D. created 创造。根据后文“So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.(所以我们会在未
来工作：我们只是还不知道我们要做什么)”可知，人类将来仍然会工作。说明是产生 720 万个新岗位。故选 D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C andD. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.
Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.
Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.
The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.
At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.
Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.
Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.
56 ．The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was .
A ．her family’s supportive influence on her education
B ．her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinic
C ．her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happily
D ．her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men
57 ．What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage
A ．Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.
B ．Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.
C ．Focusing on rote memorization and competition.
D ．Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.
58 ．Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .
A ．she wanted to explore other countries and cultures
B ．she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her work
C ．she was offered a better job in a different country
D ．she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country
59 ．Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage
A ．Observant and innovative. B ．Traditional and emotional.
C ．Progressive and dependent. D ．Open-minded and indifferent.
【答案】56 ．C 57 ．D 58 ．B 59 ．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了教育家蒙台梭利是如何发展出新的教育方法的， 其教育方法的特色以及 影响。
56 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包 屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related
with poverty.(一天，她发现孩子们正兴高采烈地玩着掉在地上的面包屑。她突然想到，一些智力缺陷的根源可能与 贫穷有关)”可知，蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法的主要原因是她观察到孩子们开心地玩面包屑。故选 C。
57 ．细节理解题。根据第五段“At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and
designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their
creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.(它 的核心原则是，所有的学习材料都应该适合儿童，并设计成能吸引所有感官。此外， 每个孩子也应该被允许自由移 动和行动，并发挥他们的创造力和解决问题的能力。老师们扮演了向导的角色， 在没有压力和控制的情况下支持孩 子们)”可知，文中所描述的蒙台梭利教育方法的核心原则是营造自由、以儿童为中心的学习环境。故选 D。
58 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the
schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.(当法西斯主义者试图影响学校
的教育内容时，事情达到了一个突破点，1934 年蒙台梭利和她的儿子决定离开意大利)”可知，1934 年，蒙台梭利决 定离开意大利，因为她想避免法西斯分子对她工作的影响。故选 B。
59 ．推理判断题。根据第四段“The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.(这一观察结果将引导蒙台梭利发展一种新的 教育方法，专注于在儿童的敏感时期提供最佳的刺激)”以及倒数第二段“Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907.(1907 年，蒙台梭利开办了她的第一所儿童之家)”可推知，蒙台梭利是善于观察和创新的。故选 A。
(B)
Star Wars: From a Certain Point of View- Return of the JediTo mark the 40th anniversary of the release of Return of the Jedi, this selection sees 40 scenes from the movie recreated through the eyes of a supporting character, from robots to Mon Mothma. So, among the 40 writers and artists contributing, we have Olivie Blake giving a glimpse into the mind of Emperor Palpatine, Mary Kenney telling the story of Wicket the Ewok’s dream of a quiet day on the forest moon of Endor and Charlie Jane Anders looking into that terrifying open mouth in the desert of Tatooine.
Creation Node by Stephen BaxterStephen Baxter is the author of one of my all-time favourite moments in a sci-fi novel: the oceans close over the top of Everest in Flood. I think of his drowned Earth relatively often - it is an image burned into my brain. His latest book sounds equally interesting and I’ll definitely be giving it a read. Set in 2255, it follows the discovery of an object called Planet Nine, which a woman named Salma spots from her spaceship. It’s not a planet, or the “ninth” of anything; it was briefly believed to be a black hole, but then it sends a message that there is something waiting on its surface. Meanwhile, a quasar(类星体)has appeared and is heating up the solar system. Lots to deal with, then.
Starter Villain by John ScalziThis is the sort of sci-fi novel that needs to be described as a joke, I feel. It’s set on Earth today and sees divorced substitute teacher Charlie inherit his long-lost late uncle Jake’s business. Unfortunately for Charlie, he also inherits his uncle’s enemies. We are also promised intelligent, talking spy cats and unionised dolphins - what’s not to like
Land of Milk and Honey by C ．Pam ZhangI loved Zhang’s first novel, How Much of These Hills Is Gold, set in the 19th-century Old West. I highly, highly recommend it: Zhang is a phenomenal writer. Her second book moves the action to the near future, where food crops are disappearing and a smog is spreading. Hoping to escape her troubled reality, a chef takes a job in a mountaintop settlement for the global elite (精英) and discovers plans to reshape the world.
Edge of Here by Kelechi OkaforWhat a treat this sounds: a short story collection to dip into in this busiest of months. Okafor, who is host of the Say Your Mind podcast, sets out to explore contemporary Black womanhood, but sets her stories in a Black Mirror version of the near future. There’s one in which you can experience someone else’s emotions through a chip in your brain, one where you can view bits of a distant relative’s life with help from your DNA .
60 ．If you want to know the life of a cook, which novel would you choose
A ．Edge of Here by Kelechi Okafor B ．Starter Villain by John Scalzi
C ．Creation Node by Stephen Baxter D ．Land of Milk and Honey by C ． Pam Zhang
61 ．What does the underlined phrase mean in the first paragraph
A ．A non-leading role. B ．A viewer. C ．A director D ．A writing style.
62 ．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A ．In Fiction 2, the Solar System is getting colder.
B ．In Fiction 3, a single teacher inherited his uncle’s business.
C ．In Fiction 4, the author described events in the remote area.
D ．In Fiction 5, you can experience black life through brain chips.
【答案】60 ．D 61 ．A 62 ．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了五本著名的科幻小说。
60．细节理解题。根据文章 Land of Milk and Honey by C. Pam Zhang 部分中“Hoping to escape her troubled reality, a chef takes a job in a mountaintop settlement for the global elite (精英) and discovers plans to reshape the world.(为了逃离 她陷入困境的现实，一位厨师在一个为全球精英提供的山顶定居点找到了一份工作，并发现了重塑世界的计划)”可 知，你如果想要了解一名厨师的生活，你可以选择 Land of Milk and Honey by C. Pam Zhang。故选 D 项。
61 ．词义猜测题。根据文章 Star Wars: From a Certain Point of View- Return of the Jedi 部分中“To mark the 40th
anniversary of the release of Return of the Jedi, this selection sees 40 scenes from the movie recreated through the eyes of a supporting character, from robots to Mon Mothma.(为了纪念《绝地归来》上映 40 周年，本次精选通过配角的眼睛重现
了电影中的 40 个场景，从机器人到蒙·莫特玛)”可知，要从“from robots to Mon Mothma”猜测 a supporting character 的含义，根据常识，机器人和 Mon Mothma 都是《绝地归来》当中的配角，故 a supporting character 的意思是非主 要角色。故选 A 项。
62 ．细节理解题。根据文章 Starter Villain by John Scalzi 部分中“It’s set on Earth today and sees divorced substitute
teacher Charlie inherit his long-lost late uncle Jake’s business.(故事发生在今天的地球上，离婚的代课老师查理继承了他 失散多年的已故叔叔杰克的事业)”可知，一位单身老师继承了他叔叔的事业。故选 B 项。
(C)
Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
63 ．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
A ．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them
B ．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted
C ．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them D ．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems
64 ．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics
A ．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.
B ．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.
C ．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.
D ．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.
65 ．According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .
A ．there is little chance of patenting phages in the future
B ．governments provide financial support for other research
C ．the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interest
D ．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages 66 ．What is the main idea of the passage
A ．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.
B ．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.
C ．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages. D ．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.
【答案】63 ．B 64 ．C 65 ．D 66 ．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了噬菌体可以替代问题多多的抗生素， 有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取 措施推动推广。
63．细节理解题。根据第二The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. (耐药性出现的速度越来越快。一些新药的药效只有两年，细菌就会产生抗药性)”可知，
抗菌素耐药性的发展比预期的要快。故选 B。
64 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if
bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.(与抗生素不同，噬菌体可以像细菌一样 迅速进化，这意味着即使细菌产生耐药性，噬菌体也可以反过来在细菌周围进化)”可知，噬菌体相对于抗生素的优 势是当细菌产生耐药性时，它们会相应地进化。故选 C。
65．细节理解题。根据第五段“The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the
antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.(噬菌体的问题在于，人们对它们的了 解相对较少。1928 年，第一种抗生素青霉素被发现后，它们在西方基本上被忽视了。考虑到抗生素耐药性问题的严 重性，找到更多关于它们的信息将是一个好主意)”可知，噬菌体治疗的障碍是对抗生素的过度依赖分散了对噬菌体 的关注。故选 D。
66．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical
procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance,
creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial(抗菌的) resistance,
expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.(抗生 素对现代医学至关重要，它可以消灭或阻止细菌的生长，并治愈感染。它们在不伤害病人的情况下杀死细菌的能力 挽救了数十亿人的生命，并使外科手术更加安全。但经过几十年的过度使用， 它们的力量正在减弱。一些细菌已经 进化出了耐药性，产生了越来越多的超级细菌，而目前几乎没有有效的治疗方法。抗微生物药物耐药性被许多人视 为一场危机。预计到 2050 年，每年将导致 1000 万人死亡，而 2019 年约为 100 万人)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要 解释了噬菌体可以替代问题多多的抗生素，有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取措施推动推广，所以本文的主旨是噬 菌体可以帮助预防抗生素危机。故选 B。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A ．Here we show how this work translates to humans. B ．Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep. C ．The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. D ．Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted. E ．The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. F ．Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.
Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success
For young adults, college is a time of transition. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. 67
David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA .
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. “ 68 The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
69 The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to ( 相 对 应 ) a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA .
“Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. “ 70 ”
“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
【答案】67 ．E 68 ．A 69 ．C 70 ．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现夜间睡眠是学生取得优异成绩的关键。
67 ．上文“Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.(使用睡眠跟踪器，他们发现学生平均每晚睡眠 6.5 小时，但 当学生每晚睡眠少于 6 小时时，负面结果就会积累起来。)”介绍了研究结果，空处也应是围绕研究结果来介绍，E 项“研究结果发表在 2 月 13 日的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。”符合，故选 E。
68 ．上文““Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell.(“动物研究表明睡眠 对学习和记忆是多么重要，”Creswell 说)”可知，对动物的研究表明睡眠对学习和记忆很重要，下文“The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.(大学一年级学生在学期开始时睡眠时间越少，
学期结束时的平均绩点就越低。缺乏睡眠可能会损害学生在大学课堂上学习的能力。)”介绍了对于人而言，睡眠对 学习和记忆也很重要，A 项“这里我们展示这项工作如何影响人类。”符合，引起下文，故选 A。
69 ．下文“The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. (研究人员发现，睡眠时间少于 6 小时的学生，其学习成绩明显下降。)”介绍了研究发现，空 处应该是介绍研究对象等，C 项“这项研究对三所大学的五项研究中的 600 多名一年级学生进行了评估。”符合，故 选 C。
70 ．上文““Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s
health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. (克雷斯威尔说：“一旦你的睡眠时间降到 6 小时以 下，你就开始增加大量的睡眠债务，这会损害学生的健康和学习习惯，破坏整个系统。”)”指出睡眠不足会损害学生 的健康和学习习惯，破坏整个系统。空处也应是介绍睡眠不足的危害，D 项“最令我惊讶的是，无论我们采取什么 措施来消除这种影响，它仍然存在。”符合，承接上文，进一步描述睡眠不足的危害，故选 D。
IV.Summary Writing (共 10 分）(71)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Should We Read Literary Classics
Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics. Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways. In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better
Many literary classics from yesteryear, which got little or no success when published, are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures. One can always ask, “But we can do so by reading our history books too. Why do we need to read classics ” The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.
It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language. But literary classics have an edge: the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart. Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing, we’ll surely pause and wonder about what we read. For instance, when we read Shakespeare, we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching “Have more than you show; speak less than you know.” One more benefit is that after reading classics, we won’t see non-classics as just other stories: we’ll become interested in them. Maybe we’ll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating, or we’ll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story. Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works. We finally fall in
love with non-classics as well.
【参考范文】
Why Should We Read Literary Classics
Reading literary classics benefits us a lot. Firstly, It offers us individualized ways of experiencing history.secondly, it
improves our writing ability by encouraging us to think over their expressions and learn to express our ideas in that way. Besides, we’ll love to read non-classics because reading classics enable us to think and reason deeply from diverse
perspective.
【解析】本文是篇议论文。阅读文学名著使我们受益匪浅。首先， 它为我们提供了个性化的体验历史的方式。其次， 它通过鼓励我们思考他们的表达并学会用这种方式表达我们的想法来提高我们的写作能力。此外， 我们会喜欢阅读 非经典作品，因为阅读经典作品可以让我们从不同的角度进行深入的思考和推理。
1. 要点摘录：
1.In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better
2.The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.
3.But literary classics have an edge: the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart.
4.Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works.
2. 缜密构思：
将 1 、2 、3 、4 分别进行总结概述。
3. 遣词造句：
Reading literary classics benefits us a lot.
Firstly, It offers us individualized ways of experiencing history.
secondly, it improves our writing ability by encouraging us to think over their expressions and learn to express our ideas in that way.
Besides, we’ll love to read non-classics because reading classics enable us to think and reason deeply from diverse
perspective.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】secondly, it improves our writing ability by encouraging us to think over their expressions and learn to express our ideas in that way.（运用了动名词作宾语。）
【高分句型 2】Besides, we’ll love to read non-classics because reading classics enable us to think and reason deeply from diverse perspective.（运用了 because 引导的原因状语从句。）
V.Translation (共 15 分。第 1 小题和第 2 小题,每题 3 分;第 3 题 4 分;第 4 题 5 分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72 ．如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。(preparation)(汉译英)
【答案】Without proper preparation, Friday’s speech can/could /may/might become a complete mess.
【解析】考查固定短语和情态动词。表示“如果不好好准备”应用介词短语 without proper preparation 表示，相当于一 个条件状语从句；“周五的演讲”翻译为 Friday’s speech，作主语；表示“可能”可用情态动词 can/could may/might；表 示“会变得一塌糊涂”翻译为 become a complete mess。故翻译为 Without proper preparation, Friday’s speech can/could may/might become a complete mess.
73 ．球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter) (汉译英)
【答案】Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork.
【解析】考查句子结构。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力”用 whether 引导主语从句，为 whether a player has excellent scoring ability，表示谓语“固然重要”用动词 matter 的第三人称单数形 式 matters；表示“场上取胜的关键在于团队合作”为 the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork，主语 the 可以后 的 to 是介词，介词短语 to winning on the field 作后置定语，动名词 winning 作介词宾语，动词短语 lie in“在于”是固 定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为 Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork。
74 ．我们要关注的不是孩子们的言语，而是他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动。(not...but) (汉译英)
【答案】What we need to focus on is not what children say, but what action they take to creatively solve problems.
【解析】考查主语从句和固定短语。此处第一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物用 what；主语为 we，表示“要” 短语 need to do sth.；表示“关注”应用 focus on；表示“不是……而是 ……”句型为 not…but…；表示“孩子们的言语”应 用 what children say，what 引导表语从句；表他们在创造性地解决问题的情况下的行动”翻译为 what action they take to creatively solve problems。陈述事实，时态为一般现在时。故翻译为 What we need to focus on is not what children say, but what action they take to creatively solve problems.
75．这个导览机器人在很多方面有了改进，不仅可以为参观者提供需要的信息，甚至还能带他们去目的地。(which)
(汉译英)
【答案】This guiding robot, which has improved in many aspects, can not only provide visitors with the information they need, but also even take them to their destination.
【解析】考查连词、定语从句和时态。分析句子可知，“这个导览机器人不仅可以为参观者提供需要的信息，甚至 还能带他们去目的地。”是主句，其中主语“这个导览机器人”用 this guiding robot ，“为……提供 ……”和“带……
去 ……”是并列谓语动词，放在情态动词“可以”即 can 后分别用动词短语 provide...with...和 take...to...表示，两个谓语 部分用复合连词 not only...but also...连接，意为“不仅……还 ……”，宾语“参观者”用 visitors ，“需要的信息”用 the
information they need，其中 they need 是定语从句，宾语“他们”用宾格代词 them ，“目的地”用 their destination；“在 很多方面有了改进”可处理为限制性定语从句，修饰主句主语 this guiding robot，指物，关系代词 which 将其代入从 句作主语，谓语“改进”用动词improve，陈述过去的事情对现在的影响用现在完成时态 has improved，状语“在很多 方面”用介词短语 in many aspects。综上，全句译为：This guiding robot, which has improved in many aspects, can not only provide visitors with the information they need, but also even take them to their destination.
VI.Guided Writing (共 25 分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，学校最近就如何组织好每天上午 30 分钟的大课间活动征求全校学生的意见。 你给负责的王老师写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 有关组织大课间活动的建议；
2. 你的理由。
注意：不要在邮件中提及你的真实姓名和学校等相关信息。
【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am Xu Jing, a senior student. I am writing to share some suggestions regarding how to organize our daily 30-minute mid-morning break activities.
I suggest incorporating a variety of activities during the break time. This could include physical activities like sports,
dance or yoga sessions, as well as creative activities such as art workshops or music clubs. Providing diverse options would cater to different interests and allow students to choose activities that they enjoy and find beneficial. In addition, it would be
great to involve student clubs and organizations in organizing these activities. This not only offers opportunities for student leadership and teamwork, but it also ensures a wider range of options and promotes a sense of belonging among students.
I believe implementing these suggestions would make our mid-morning break more enjoyable and productive. Thank you for taking the time to consider my suggestions.
Sincerely, Xu Jing
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生给负责征求如何组织好每天上午 30 分钟大课间活动意见的王老 师写一封电子邮件，需陈述个人对于组织大课间活动的建议，并提供相应的理由。
1. 词汇积累
关于：regarding→concerning/with regard to
各种各样的：a variety of→various/a wide range of 选择：choose→pick/select
确保：ensure→guarantee/secure
促进：promote→advance/facilitate 2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I suggest incorporating a variety of activities during the break time.
拓展句：It is suggested that a variety of activities during the break time should be incorporated.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] Providing diverse options would cater to different interests and allow students to choose activities that they enjoy and find beneficial. (运用了动名词短语作主语、that 引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型 2] I believe implementing these suggestions would make our mid-morning break more enjoyable and productive. (运用了 that 引导宾语从句并被省略、动名词短语作从句的主语)

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