Unit1~8单元词汇短语语法知识点清单上传(8份打包)2023-2024学年牛津深圳版英语七年级下册

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Unit1~8单元词汇短语语法知识点清单上传(8份打包)2023-2024学年牛津深圳版英语七年级下册

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Unit 4 Save the Trees
课本
拯救 save
我们该如何拯救树木?
What can we do to save trees
松树 pine
菠萝 pineapple
使某人/某物保持……的状态keep sth./ sb. adj.
那位母亲使劲浑身解数让孩子保持安静。
The mum tried everything she could to keep the baby quiet.
它们使空气保持凉爽和干净。
They keep the air cool and clean.
讨论 v. discuss
我们来讨论一下假期计划。
Let’s discuss our holiday plan.
与某人讨论某事 discuss sth. with sb.
你与谁商量过这个问题吗?
Have you discussed the problem with anyone
讨论 n. discussion
我们来讨论一下假期计划。
Let’ have a discussion on our holiday plan.
树枝 branch 复数 branches
根 root
种子 seed
与……作斗争 fight 过去式 fought
我们应该与城市里的空气污染作斗争。
We must fight against air pollution in our city.
反对 against
下周我们将与红队进行比赛。
We will play against the Red Team next week.
例子 example
你能给我举个例子吗?
Can you give me an example
例如 for example
我们从树木获得了很多东西。比如说,橡皮来自橡树。
We get a lot of things from trees. For example, rubber is from rubber trees.
吸收 take in=absorb
树木能吸收二氧化碳。
Trees can take in carbon dioxide.
= Trees can absorb carbon dioxide.
有害的 adj. harmful
对……有害 be harmful to
从工厂排出的污水对我们的健康有害。
Waste water from factories is harmful to our health.
伤害 v. harm
从工厂排出的污水对我们的健康有害。
Waste water from factories harms our health.
伤害 n. harm
对……有害 do harm to sth./sb.
从工厂排出的污水对我们的健康有害。
Waste water from factories does harm to our health.
气体 gas
液体 liquid
固体 solid
产生;生产 v. produce
生产;产品 n. production
氧气 oxygen
二氧化碳 carbon dioxide
主要的 adj. major
空气污染是大城市的一大问题。
Air pollution is a major problem in big cities.
方便的 adj. convenient
方便 n. convenience
来自 come from=be from
这个房间里的所有家具都是木制的。
The furniture in this room all comes from trees.
(补充细节)确切地说 in fact
环顾四周 look around
杰克开心地环顾他的新卧室。
Jack looked around his new bedroom happily.
家具 furniture
房间里一件家具都没有。
There is no single piece of furniture in this room.
由……制成(可以辨认材料)(be) made of
由……制成(不能辨认材料)(be) made from
想象;设想 v. imagine
想象;设想 n. imagination
肖像;影像 v. image
大量的;数以百万计的 millions of
每年都有百万游客来万里长城参观。
Every year, millions of tourists come to visit the Great Wall.
疾病 disease
许多疾病是病毒导致的。
Many diseases are caused by virus.
对……有用,有好处 (be) good for
每天锻炼有益于你的身体健康。
Doing exercise every day is good for your health.
挖 dig 过去式 dug
两个人在路中央挖深坑。
Two men are digging a deep hole in the middle of the street.
洞 hole
搬;扛;背 carry
这个箱子太重了,我们需要两个人来搬。
This box is too heavy. We need two men to carry it.
容器 n. container
承装 v. contain
我们用玻璃容器装化学药品。
We use glass containers to contain chemicals.
美洲 n. America
(用在数字后标识面积)平方 square
使分散;使分布 spread
数以千计的;成千上万的 thousands of
成千上万的年轻人在外面等着见摇滚巨星。
Thousands of young people are waiting outside to see the pop star.
然而;不过 however
数目很重要,然而人类每年都砍伐大量的树木。
Trees are very important. However, people are cutting down many trees every year.
摧毁;毁灭;破坏 destroy
一场大火摧毁了整个城市。
A big fire destroyed the whole city.
毁林;砍伐森林 deforestation
砍伐森林对环境有害。
Deforestation is not good for the environment.
失去 lose 过去式 lost
白雪公主在森林里迷了路。
Snow White lost her way in the forest.
因为 because of
因为风暴的缘故他们延期了足球比赛。
They put off the football match because of the storm.
结果 as a result
我哥哥(弟弟)十分粗心,结果没能通过考试。
My brother was very careless. As a result, he didn’t pass the exam.
数量;数额 number
参加会议的学生人数有200。
The number of the students at the meeting is 200.
(使大小、数量等)减少;减小decrease
大城市新生儿数量减少。
The number of newborn babies is decreasing in big cities.
报纸
考点1 save 的用法
save v. 拯救
to keep sb./sth. safe from death, harm, loss, etc.
医生未能把她救活。
Doctors were unable to save her.
挽救某人的生命 save one’s life
谢谢你救了我的命。
Thanks for saving my life.
辨析 save 与 rescue
save 指“救、救助、挽救、拯救”。
医生未能把他救活。
Doctors were unable to save him.
rescue 指“营救、援救、抢救”。
他们被一艘经过的游轮救起。
They were rescued by a passing
cruise ship.
考点2 discuss 的用法
discuss v. 讨论 to talk about sth. with sb.
我们讨论怎样获得好成绩。
We discuss how to get good grades.
discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事
你与谁商量过这个问题吗?
Have you discussed the problem with anyone
discussion n. 讨论
这是一个正在讨论中的计划。
This is a plan under discussion.
许多问题正在讨论中。
Many questions are under discussion.
我想和你讨论这道数学题。
I want to discuss this Math problem with you.
考点3 example 的用法
example n.: 例子
sth. that shows, explains or supports what you say
你能给我举个例子吗?
Can you give me an example
for example 比如;例如
许多国家,例如墨西哥和日本,经常发生地震。
Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.
set an example to ... 为……树立榜样
他为其他同学树立了榜样。
He sets an example to the other students.
◇辨析 for example 与 such as
for example 用来举例某一论点或情况,一般
列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例。
例如,日本有两种语言。
Japan, for example, has two languages.
such as 用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或
事物中的几个例子。
我喜欢水果,如苹果、梨和香蕉。
I like fruit, such as apples, pears and bananas.
考点5 produce 的用法(P45,L6)
produce v.: make产生;生产
这是一家微芯片制造厂。
This is a factory that produces microchips.
product n. 产品;制品
我们需要新产品供销售。
We need new product to sell.
producer n. 生产商;制造商;产地
利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。
Libya is a major oil producer.
production n. 生产;制造;制作
这款汽车已于2007年停产。
The car went out of production in 2007.
考点6 convenient 的用法(P45, L11)
convenient adj.方便的
useful, easy or quick to do
Is it convenient for you to go out tonight
今晚你方便出去吗?
convenience n. 方便;便利
住在城市里有很大的方便。
It’s a great convenience to live in city.
考点7 in fact 的用法(P45, L16)
in fact(补充细节)确切地说
used to give extra details about sth.
我曾在法国住过;确切地说,离你要去的地方不远。
I used to live in France; in fact, not far from where you’re going.
in fact(用以强调,尤其与刚提到的相反)事实上;实际上
实际上,我认为你是正确的。
In fact, I think you are right.
考点8 (be) made of 的用法
(be) made of: 由……制成
The bridge is made of stones.
这座桥是由石头砌成的。
◇辨析 be made from 与 be made of
be made from
意为“由……制成”,其制成品已变得看不
出原料。
Butter is made from milk.
黄油是牛奶制成的。
be made of 意为“由……制成”,其制成品
能看得出原料。
be made up of: 由……构成
我们班由6个小组构成。
Our class is made up of six small groups.
考点9 imagine 的用法(P45, L24)
imagine v.想象;设想
to think about sth. and your mind forms a
picture or idea of it
设想你自己现在坐在海滩上晒太阳。
Imagine yourself sitting on the beach in the
sun.
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
你能想象在月球上漫步吗?
Can you imagine walking on the moon
imagination n. 想象力
He has got no imagination.
他缺乏想象力。
现在进行时的基本用法
(1) 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作,常和now, at the moment, at present等时间状语连用。
曼迪此刻正在做作业。
Mandy is doing her homework at the moment.
(2)现在进行时也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作,常与these days, this week等表示一段时间的状语连用。
这些天你在读什么书
What book are you reading these days
现在进行时的句式结构
现在进行时由be动词(am/is/are)加动词的现在分词(即动词的-ing形式)构成。具体如下:
■肯定句结构:
主语+be动词(am/is/are)+V-ing+其他
杰瑞现在正在吃早饭。
Jerry is eating breakfast now.
■否定句结构:
主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not +V-ing+其他。
汤姆现在没在玩电脑游戏。
Tom is not playing computer games now.
■一般疑问句结构:
be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+V-ing+其他
你在帮父母做家务吗
Are you helping your parents with
house-work
是的,我在/不,我没在。
Yes,I am./No,I'm not.
■特殊疑问句结构:
疑问词+be动词(am/is/are)+主语+V-ing+其

你妈妈现在在做什么
What is your mother doing now
动词-ing形式的变化规则
■一般情况下,大多数动词后直接加-ing。
visit→visiting talk→talking
■以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing。
write→writing come→coming
■以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。
run→running swim→swimming
■少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing。
lie→lying die→dying
【注意】
※动词look或listen在句首单独使用时,后
面的句子常用现在进行时。
听!鸟儿在欢快地歌唱。
Listen! The birds are singing happily.
※go, come, leave, start, arrive等位移动词
常用其现在进行时表将来含义。
我叔叔本周六要来看我。
My uncle is coming to see me this Saturday.
※一些表示感官、认知、情感类的动词:
hear, smell, like, love, see, know, need, want,
prefer等一般不用于现在进行时。
She needs a cup of hot coffee now. (√)
She is needing a cup of hot coffee now. (×)Unit 1 People around Us
课本
身边的人 people around us
与某人谈论某物/某人
talk to sb. about sth. /sb.
e.g. A girl talks to her grandma about
their relatives.
一个女孩儿与她的奶奶(姥姥)谈论她们
的亲戚。
谈论某物/某人 talk about sth./sb.
e.g. A girl and her grandma talk about
their relatives.
一个女孩儿和她的奶奶(姥姥)谈论她们
的亲戚。
欢乐的,愉快的 cheerful = happy
e.g. My grandma is always cheerful.
我奶奶(姥姥)总是愉快的。
勤奋的,努力的 hard-working
e.g. My father is hard-working.
我爸爸很勤奋。
耐心的 patient
e.g. My mother is patient.
我妈妈很耐心。
对……有耐心 be patient with sth./sb.
e.g. My mother is patient with me.
我妈妈对我很耐心。
聪明的 smart
e.g. She is a smart girl.
她是个聪明的女孩儿。
努力学习 study hard(adv.)
e.g. As students we should study hard.
作为学生我们应该努力学习。
花时间做某事 take time to do sth.
e.g. My mother takes time to help me with
my studies.
我妈妈花时间指导我学习。
打乒乓球 play table tennis
e.g. My hobby is playing table tennis.
我的爱好是打乒乓球。
一个头发灰白的矮小女人
a short woman with grey hair
一个戴着眼镜的高挑女孩
a tall girl with glasses
e.g. My grandma is a short woman with
grey hair.
我奶奶(姥姥)是个头发灰白的矮小女
人。
She is a tall girl with glasses.
她是个戴眼镜的高挑女孩儿。
一个好厨师 a good cook
菜肴 dishes
大概,或许 probably
是世界上最好的
be the best in the world
e.g. My grandma’s dishes were probably
the best in the world.
我奶奶(姥姥)做的菜应该是世界上
最好吃的。
照看某物/某人
take care of sth./ sb. = look after sth./sb.
e.g. Grandma took care of my family.
= Grandma looked after my family.
奶奶(姥姥)照看我们全家。
死亡,去世 die
e.g. She died two years ago.
她两年前去世了。
某人最好的朋友 one’s best friend
e.g. Dogs are humans’ best friends.
狗是人类最好的朋友。
讲笑话 tell jokes
e.g. She can tell many funny jokes.
她会讲很多有趣的笑话。
让某人发笑 make one laugh
e.g. She always knows how to make me laugh.
她总是知道如何引我发笑。
捉弄某人 make fun of sb.
e.g. One should never make fun of anyone.
每一个人都不应该取笑任何人。
擅长某事 be good at sth.
e.g. She is good at Maths.
她擅长数学。
一起做某事 do sth. together
e.g. Let’s play table tennis together.
我们一起打乒乓球吧。
维持友情
remain friends = still be friends
e.g. I hope we will always remain friends.
我希望我们永远是朋友。
充满欢乐 be full of fun
e.g. His classes are full of fun.
他的课堂充满欢乐。
教学 teaching
e.g. He uses lots of games in his teaching.
他利用很多游戏教学。
鼓励某人
encourage sb. = give … a lot of hope
e.g. He encourages his students.
= He gives his students a lot of hope.
他鼓励他的学生。
鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth.
e.g. He encourages his students to study hard.
他鼓励他的学生努力学习。
支持某人 give sb. support
e.g. My parents always give me support.
我的父母总是支持我。
放弃 give up (sth.)
e.g. Giving up smoking is good for
your health.
戒烟有益于你的健康。
成功 be successful
e.g. The only way to be successful is to
work hard.
成功的唯一途径是努力工作。
relatives
姨母,姑妈 aunt
舅舅,叔叔 uncle
侄子,外甥 nephew
侄女,外甥女 niece
表(堂)兄弟姐妹 cousin
第一次 for the first time
提及某物 mention sth.
e.g. In the letter, he mentioned his family for
the first time.
在信中,他第一提到了他的家庭。
使某物免受…… save sth. from sth.
e.g. The game is about saving the Earth
from aliens.
这个游戏关于从外星人手里拯救地球。
一座岛屿 an island
写一首诗 write a poem
一条宠物狗 a pet dog
解决,做出 work out
e.g. Let’s work out the rule together.
我们一起找出规则吧。
弹吉他/弹钢琴/拉小提琴
play the guitar/the piano/the violin
打篮球/踢足球/打乒乓球/从事球类运动
play basketball/football/table tennis/ball games
穿紫色西装/黄色短裙/红色长裙
in the purple suit/the yellow skirt/the red dress
留短发/黑发with short hair/black hair
戴眼镜 with glasses = wear glasses
病人 sick people
夜以继日地工作
work all day and all night
e.g. Sometimes my father has to work all day
and all night.
有时我爸爸不得不夜以继日地工作。
抽时间做某事 find time to do sth.
e.g. Try to find time to clean your room.
抽时间打扫你的房间。
帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.
e.g. My mother helps me with my homework.
我妈妈帮我做家庭作业。
母亲节 Mother’s Day
在大多数国家 in most countries
e.g. In most countries, people celebrate
Mother’s Day every year.
在大多数国家,人们每年庆祝母亲节。
庆祝 celebrate
e.g. I celebrate my birthday with my family
and friends.
我和我的家人朋友一起庆祝我的生日。
制作特别的母亲节卡片
make special Mother’s Day cards
只与……有关 be only about sth.
e.g. Mother’s Day is not only about gifts.
母亲节不是只与礼物相关。
带某人去…… take sb. to
e.g. On weekends, my parents take me to the
park.
周末,我的父母带我去公园。
给某人一个拥抱 give sb. a hug
e.g. My mother gives me a big hug.
我妈妈给了我一个大大的拥抱。
一个完美的礼物 a perfect gift
计划某事 plan sth.
e.g. If you love your mum, why not plan
a special Mother’s Day for her
如果你爱你的妈妈,为什么不为她计划一
个特别的母亲节呢?
出售 sell – sold(过去式)
e.g. This weekend, he sold 100 hamburgers.
这个周末,他卖了100个汉堡。
名和姓中间的名字 middle name
cheerful形容词,快乐的;高兴的
Jack is a cheerful boy.
杰克是个快乐的男孩。
We tried to make her cheerful.
我们试图让她开心。
cheerful是由名词cheer加后缀-ful构成的。英语中,还有一些形容词也是由其相应的名词加后缀-ful构成的。
care (照顾)→careful (小心的)
success (成功)→successful (成功的)
help (帮助)→helpful (有帮助的)
use (用处)→useful (有用的)
forget 动词,意为“忘记”,与动词remember意思相反。其过去式是forgot。
I forgot his name. 我忘记他的名字了。
forget to do sth.
忘记去做某事,表示事情还没有做;
forget doing sth.
忘记做过某事,表示事情已经做过。
Don’t forget to water the flowers when you leave.
你离开时别忘了浇花。
He forgot going to Shanghai when he was five.
他忘记五岁时去过上海了。
remain
remain作动词,意为“仍然是;保持不变”,在作这个意思讲时,remain是个连系动词,后可接名词、形容词等作表语,表示某人或某物保持某种状态。
The room remains cool all summer.
这个房间整个夏天都保持凉爽。(后接形容词作表语)
How to stop people cutting down trees remains a problem.
如何阻止人们砍树仍然是个问题。(后接名词作表语)
remain还可作不及物动词,表示“逗留;停留”,后面常跟介词短语。
I remained in London until May.
我在伦敦一直待到五月。
Ted and Nick have many differences, but they remain friends.
泰德和尼克有许多不同之处,但他们仍然是朋友。
The shop remains open until 11 at night.
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。
He had to remain in hospital for another week.
他不得不再在医院待一周。
要点解读
as well
as well常用作状语,意为“也”,常位于句末,其前无须用逗号与句子隔开。
Tom can sing the song and I can sing it as well.
汤姆会唱这首歌,我也会。
除as well外,too和also也表示“也”。
too通常放在句末,但其前常用逗号与前面的句子隔开。
His father is a teacher. My father is a teacher, too.
他爸爸是老师,我爸爸也是老师。
also多位于句中,常放在be动词之后,实义动词之前。
He is good at English. He is also good at Chinese.
他擅长英语,也擅长汉语。
Mary can swim. Tom can also swim.
玛丽会游泳,汤姆也会。
make sb. do sth.
make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,make在此处用作使役动词,意为“使;让”。
The boy often makes his little brother cry.
这个男孩经常弄哭他弟弟。
与make用法类似的使役动词还有let。let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
My mum let me clean my bedroom yesterday. 我妈妈昨天让我打扫了我的卧室。
Alex told a joke and the joke made everyone laugh.
Alex讲的笑话让所有人逗笑了。
The box is a bit heavy. Let me help you carry it.
这个箱子有点重,让我来帮你搬吧。
(be) strict about
(be) strict about意为“对……要求严格”,后面常跟something,表示“对某事(物)要求严格”。
Mr Liu is strict about his work.
刘先生对工作要求严格。
与(be) strict about类似的短语还有(be) strict with。但be strict with后面常跟somebody,表示“对某人要求严格”。
Our teacher is strict with us.
我们的老师对我们要求严格。
Her parents are strict about her homework.
她父母对她的作业要求严格。
give up
give up意为“放弃”,后面跟动词作宾语时,只能跟动词-ing形式即give up doing sth.,表示“放弃做某事”。
It’s good for you to give up smoking.
戒掉吸烟对你有好处。
give up后面也可跟名词或代词作宾语。当宾语是名词时,名词可放在up前,也可放在up后;但当宾语是代词时,只能放在up前。
It’s a pity to give up the chance.
= It’s a pity to give the chance up.
放弃这个机会很可惜。
The puzzle is too difficult. I shall give it up. 这道题太难了;我只能放弃了。Unit 7 Poems
课本
诗歌 poem
我喜欢读诗。
I love reading poems.
诗人 poet
莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国诗人。
Shakespeare is a great English poet.
诗集 poetry
《飞鸟集》是泰戈尔写的诗集。
Stray Birds is a poetry written by Tagore.
普通的;平凡的 ordinary
普通人如果努力,也能作出伟大的事。
Ordinary people can do something great if they work hard.
太累了以至于不能笑或玩
too tired to laugh or play
他太累了,以至于不能笑也不能玩。
He is too tired to laugh or play.
感觉;情感 feeling
我们可以用不同的颜色表达情感。
We can use different colours to show our feelings.
无聊的 boring
我的父亲是个无聊的男人。
My father is a boring man.
无聊的 bored
我的父亲感到无聊。
My father is bored.
在建筑工地 on the building site
在报摊旁 at the newspaper stand
命令 n. order
遵从命令是士兵的天职。
It is a soldier’s duty to obey orders.
命令 v. order
命令某人做某事 order sb. to do
将军命令士兵开火。
The general ordered soldiers to fire.
次序 n. order
请按正确顺序排队。
Please line up in correct order.
井然有序 in order
妈妈要求我在她回来前保持整洁。
My mum asked me to keep everything in order before she came back.
建议 n. advice
v. advise
怀特小姐给了我一些学好英语的建议。
Miss White gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
医生建议我多喝水。
The doctor advised me to drink more fresh water.
大声地;高声地 aloud
请大声朗读课文。
read the text aloud, please.
高声地;吵闹地 loudly
他们整晚都在大声争吵。
They argued loudly for the whole night.
组;群 group
请以组为单位解决问题。
Please work in groups to solve the problem.
同意 agree 反义词 disagree
与某人在某事上达成一致意见
agree with sb. on sth.
玛丽有时在旅行计划上和我有不同意见。
Mary does not always agree with me on our travel plans.
协议;一致;同意 n. agreement
达成协议 reach an agreement
两家公司最终就项目达成了协议。
The two companies finally reached an agreement on the programme.
押韵词 rhyme (h不发音)
诗行 line
诗节 verse
完整的;整个的 complete
你记得完整的故事吗?
Do you remember the complete story
一点也(不);完全(不) (not) at all
这些孩子太小了,以至于完全不知道该如何遵守规矩。
These kids are so young that they don’t know how to behave themselves at all.
学生们完全没兴趣。
Students are not interested at all.
井;水井 well
洗澡 take a shower
淋浴(用花洒) n. shower
沐浴(在浴缸里) n. bath v. bathe
狭窄的 narrow 反义词 wide
这座桥太窄了,汽车过不去。
This bridge is too narrow for a car to pass on it.
一条窄木板 a narrow piece of wood
为……担忧 (be) worried about=worry about
她为考试忧心忡忡。
She is worried about the exam.
= She worries about the exam.
高度 height
上海中心大厦有632米高。
Shanghai Tower is 632 metres in height.
在高处 (be) high up
他站在云端。
He is high up in the clouds.
超人 superman
卖方;卖家 seller
报摊 newspaper stand
卖报人 newspaper seller
微笑 smile
对某人/某物微笑 smile at sb./sth.
女孩在对小狗微笑。
The girl is smiling at the puppy.
迅速移动 rush
冲出去 rush out
铃声响起时,学生们冲出教室。
When the bell rang, students rushed out the classroom.
一群 a crowd of
一群人聚在校门口等着自己的孩子。
A crowd of people gathered at the school gate and waited for their children.
放下 put down
他们放下钱,迅速拿起报纸。
They put down some money and take their papers quickly.
急着去上班 hurry to work
人们急着去上班。
People are hurrying to work.
升起 come up
太阳升起时,世界变亮了。
When the sun comes up, the world becomes bright.
想到一个好主意。
come up with a good idea
杰克想到一个好主意。
Jack comes up with a good idea.
黎明;拂晓;破晓 dawn
黄昏;傍晚 dusk
从早到晚 from dawn to dusk
放假期间我从早到晚都在学习。
During the holiday, I studied from dawn to dusk.
扫;打扫;清扫 sweep 过去式 swept
扫帚 broom
请用这把扫帚打扫地板。
Please use this broom to sweep the floor.
小偷 thief 复数 thieves
昨天在超市有两个小偷被抓了。
Two thieves were caught in the supermarket yesterday.
刀子 knife 复数 knives
树叶 leaf 复数 leaves
妻子 wife 复数 wives
勇敢的 brave 名词 bravery
你能够承认错误,这很勇敢。
It is brave for you to admit your fault.
你的勇敢将被铭记。
Your bravery will be remembered.
耐心的 patient
紧张的 nervous
羞愧的 ashamed
要点辨析
no用作限定词,放在名词前,意思是“没有;无”,相当于not… a/any。
水是无味的。
Water has no taste at all.
我没有兄弟。
I have no brother.
= I do not have a brother.
瓶子里面没有水。
There is no water in the bottle.
= There isn’t any water in the bottle.
“too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth.”是英语中
一个常用的句型,它通常表示否定意义,可译为 “太……而不能做某事”。
这帽子太大,没法戴。
The hat is too large to wear.
“too…to…”句型可与“so…that…”句型相互转换:
他太累了以至于不能笑也不能玩。
He is too tired to laugh or play.
= He is so tired that he can’t laugh or play.
see sb. doing sth.
意为 “看到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行的状态。
see sb. do sth.
意为“看到某人做某事”,强调动作已经结束或者经常发生。
我们看见他今早正在花园里干活。
We saw him working in the garden this
morning.
我们看见他今早在花园里干活了。
We saw him work in the garden this
morning.
祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子。
注意:
祈使句最常用于表达请求、命令。
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。
祈使句的动词都为动词原形,句末则使用句号来表示结束。
肯定结构:
Do型 (即:动词原形+宾语+其他成分)。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可以省略。
这边坐。
Have a seat here.
请这边走。
This way, please.
= Go this way, please.
Be型 (即:Be+表语+其他成分)。
做个好人!
Be a good person!
Let型 (即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分)
让我来帮你。
Let me help you.
否定结构:
Do型和Be型的否定式都在句首加don’t构成。
不要忘记我!
Don’t forget me!
上学不要迟到!
Don’t be late for school!
Let型的否定式有两种:
Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分和Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。
别让他走。
Don’t let him go. / Let him not go.
有些祈使句可用no开头,用来表示禁止。
禁止吸烟
No smoking!
禁止钓鱼
No fishing!
注意:
为了显得更为客气和礼貌,我们常在
祈使句中加上please。当 please用在句末时,需用逗号与其余部分隔开。
请快点。
Please hurry up.
= Hurry up, please.
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will或won’t。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
请不要出去。正下着大雨呢。
Don’t go out, please. It’s raining hard.
好,我不会出去的。
OK, I won’t.
感叹句是表达一种较为强烈的感情(如喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等)的句子。读时一般用降调。感叹句大致分为两类:
第一类在句式上与陈述句没有任何区别,只是将句号变成了感叹号,语气变得更强烈。
它太美了!
It’s so beautiful!
我喜欢他的音乐!
I love his music!
第二类是What 型感叹句和how型感叹句。
What型感叹句以名词为中心词,结构为What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!
中心词为单数可数名词,加冠词a/an:
他是个多么聪明的男孩儿!
What a clever boy (he is)!
中心词为不可数名词,无冠词:
天气真好!
What fine weather (it is)!
中心词为复数名词,无冠词:
多美的花儿啊!
What beautiful flowers (they are)!
How型感叹句以形容词或副词为中心词,结构为How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!
你真贴心!
How kind you are!
他跑得真快!
How fast he runs!
注意:
What型感叹句和how型感叹句可以互相转换:
多漂亮的鸟!
What a beautiful bird it is!
= How beautiful the bird is!
多么可爱的女孩儿!
What a pretty girl she is!
= How pretty the girl is!Unit 8 From Hobby to Career
课本
事业 career[k 'r ] 同音词 Korea[k 'r ]
他希望从事工程师的工作。
He wants to have a career as an engineer.
将来 in the future
我梦想将来成为一名医生。
I dream to be a doctor in the future.
行星 planet
卫星(包括人造和天然) satellite
恒星 star
曾经 used to
我曾经很怕狗。
I used to be afraid of dogs.
外出 go outside
你最好不要在新型冠状病毒疫情期间外出。
You’d better not go outside during the COVID-19 pandemic.
看起来像…… look like
天上的星星像钻石。
The stars look like diamonds in the sky.
丝绒;天鹅绒 velvet
钻石 diamond
红宝石 ruby
珍珠 pearl
射;冲 shoot 过去式 shot
一辆汽车从我身旁冲过去。
A car shot by me.
一头鹿被猎人打死了。
A deer was shot dead by the hunter.
越来越多 more and more
每年都有越来越多中国游客涌向国外。
More and more Chinese tourists flood to abroad every year.
主持 host
大卫在电视台主持一档节目。
David hosts a programme at the TV station.
知识 knowledge
他有广博的历史知识。
He has a wide knowledge of history.
生动的 adj. lively
爸爸绘声绘色地给我讲睡前故事。
My dad told me bedtime stories in a lively way.
活的 adj. alive
虽然这条狗伤得很重,但它还活着。
Although seriously injured, the dog is still alive.
直播的;现场的 adj. live
上周末我们听了一场现场音乐会。
We listened to a live concert last weekend.
持续 v. last
会议持续了40分钟。
The meeting lasted for 40 minutes.
最近的;最后的 adj. last
你上周某做了什么?
What did you do last weekend
事实上 adv. actually
事实上,我才是获得了最高分的人。
Actually, I was the one who got the highest score.
真实的;实在的 adj. actual
这个故事反映了现实生活。
This story reflects actual life.
任何人 anybody
有人看见我的书了吗?
Does anybody see my book
(凭借长期努力)达到 achieve
努力学习,你将会实现你的梦想。
Work hard and you will achieve your dreams.
成就 achievement
能走到这一步是一个伟大的成就。
To reach this stage is a great achievement.
长大 grow up
我长大之后想当老师。
I want to be a doctor when I grow up.
生长;增长 growth
人口的快速增长造成了严重的资源短缺。
The rapid growth of population causes serious resource shortage.
驾驶帆船航行 sail
去进行帆船运动 go sailing
上周末我和朋友去玩帆船了。
I went sailing with my friend last weekend.
决定 v. decide
我决定去英国进修。
I decided to continue my study in the UK.
决定 n. decision
你做了个很好的决定。
You made a good decision.
训练;接受训练 v. train
我接受训练成为一名护士。
I was trained to be a nurse.
独自 adv. alone
约翰独自待在家里。
John stayed home alone.
孤独的 adj. lonely
孤独 n. loneliness
约翰虽独自待在家里,却并不觉得孤独。
Although John stayed home alone, he was not lonely at all.
黑猩猩 chimpanzee
大猩猩 gorilla
自然生长的;野的;野生的 wild
黄石国家公园里有很多野生动物。
There are many wild animals in the Yellowstone National Park.
非洲 Africa adj. African
美洲 America adj. American
亚洲 Asia adj. Asian
欧洲 Europe adj. European
南极洲 Antarctica adj. Antarctic
大洋洲 Oceania adj. Oceanian
英国 Britain adj. British
哈利波特是英国人。
Harry Porter is British.
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(英国全称)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
发现 v. discover n. discovery
科学家在亚马逊热带雨林发现了很多新物种。
Scientists discovered many new species in the Amazon tropical rain forest.
镭的发现为居里夫人赢得了诺贝尔奖。
The discovery of radium won Madame Curie a Nobel Prize.
吻;亲吻 kiss
流行歌手给了疯狂的粉丝一个飞吻。
The pop star blew a kiss to her crazy fans.
工具 tool
实现 come true
努力学习直到你梦想实现。
Work hard until your dreams come true.Unit 2 Travelling around the World
课本
以……而闻名 (be) famous for
be famous for = be well known for
London is famous for its changeable weather.
伦敦以其多变的天气而闻名。
作为……而闻名 (be) famous as
Lu Xun us famous as a writer.
鲁迅以作为一名作家而闻名。
最著名的 the most famous
The most famous street in Paris is the Champs-Elysees.
巴黎最著名的街道是香榭丽舍大街。
尝试做某事 try doing sth.
You can try swimming in the swimming pool.
你可以在泳池尝试游泳。
努力做某事 try to do sth.
He will try to finish the homework on time. 他会尽量按时完成作业。
为什么不……? Why not do sth.
Why not join us and have a good time together
为什么不和我们一起开心地玩呢?
完成做某事 finish doing sth.
He will try to finish doing the homework on time.
他会尽量按时完成作业。
去度假 go on holiday
We will go on holiday in Thailand this year.
我们今年会去泰国度假。
去观光 go sightseeing
Guilin is a nice place to go sightseeing.
桂林是个观光的好地方。
倾斜 lean
The Tower of Pisa leans to one side.
比萨塔歪向一边。
失败;未能(做到) fail
They failed to launch a rocket into space.
他们没能将火箭发射到太空。
持续 continue
The rain continued to fall all day long.
这场雨下了一整天。
援救;抢救 rescue
Firemen tried their best to rescue people in the flood.
消防员们竭尽全力解救困在洪水中的人。
卢浮宫 the Louvre Museum
北京火车站 the Beijing Railway Station
红十字会 the Red Cross
联合国 the United Nations
世界贸易组织the World Trade Organization
西方国家 the West
地球 the Earth
长城 the Great Wall
红海 the Red Sea
太平洋 the Pacific Ocean
珠江 the Pearl River
报纸
说词解语
possible
possible是形容词,意为“可能的”,它在句中常作表语或定语,表示某事可能发生。
Everything is possible if we work hard.
只要我们努力,一切皆有可能。
possible常用在结构“as … as possible”中,意为“尽可能……”,与“as … as sb. can”意思相同。
Please go to the teacher’s office as soon as possible.
= Please go to the teacher’s office as soon as you can.
请尽快到老师的办公室。
possible的反义词在其前加否定前缀im-,即impossible,意为“不可能的”。possible的副词形式为possibly。
lie
lie作不及物动词,意为“位于;坐落在”,后常跟表示方位的介词短语,其过去式是lay,现在分词是lying。
Shanxi lies in the north of China.
山西位于中国的北部。
lie作动词,还可意为“躺”,过去式为lay,现在分词是lying。
The doctor asked him to lie down and rest.
医生让他躺下来休息。
lie作动词,还可表示“撒谎”,过去式为lied,现在分词是lying。
任何时候都不要对我说谎。
Don’t lie to me at any time.
lie也可作名词,表示“谎言”。
她的朋友们厌倦了她的谎言。
Her friends are tired of her lies.
词义 原形 过去式 现在分词
躺;位于 lie lay lying
说谎 lie lied lying
下蛋,放置 lay laid laying
prefer
prefer意为“更喜欢”,相当于“like … better”,过去式为preferred,后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾语,表示“更喜欢某物”。
过去他更喜欢乡村音乐。
He preferred the country music in the past.
prefer A to B意为“比起B来更喜欢A”。
我喜欢苏州胜过上海。
I prefer Suzhou to Shanghai.
prefer to do sth. 意为“更喜欢做某事”。
许多老人更喜欢住在乡下。
Many old men prefer to live in the countryside.
专有名词表示特定的人名、地名、团体或组织机构名等。具体说来:
表示人名、个人头衔。如:
Michael Jordan 迈克尔·乔丹
Doctor Shirley 雪莉医生
表示地名(国家、城市、街道等)。如:
Australia 澳大利亚
Wall Street 华尔街
Zhalong Nature Reserve扎龙自然保护区
表示组织机构名。如:
the World Health Organization
世界卫生组织
表示书名、电影名、戏剧名、画作或报刊的名称。
The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》
Time 《时代》周刊
表示时间(星期、月份、节日名)。如:
Monday 周一
December 十二月
the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
【注意】
◆专有名词的第一个字母通常要大写。试比较:
Rose罗斯(姓氏,专有名词)
rose 玫瑰 (普通名词)
◆一般来讲,专有名词前面不用定冠词the,但江河海洋、山脉群岛等地理名称前常用定冠词the,如the Yangtze River (长江), the Himalayas (喜马拉雅山);由两个以上的普通名词构成的专有名词前,通常也要加上定冠词the,如the British Museum (大英博物馆), the Olympic Games (奥林匹克运动会)。
and, but和so
连词用来连接两个意思联系紧密的句子或两个相同的成分。常见的连词有and, but, so等。具体说来:
and意为“和;又;而且”,用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子,表示并列、连续、增补等关系,译法较灵活,有时并不译出。
爱丽丝非常喜欢水果和蔬菜。
Alice likes fruit and vegetables very much.
朱莉有一把吉他,而且她弹得很好。
Julie has a guitar and she plays it very well.
but意为“但是”,所连接的内容前后意思不同或相反,表示转折关系。
有一辆公共汽车来了,不过车上坐满了人。There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.
他看上去很累,但是他没有停止工作。
He looked very tired, but he didn’t stop working.
so意为“因此;所以”,表达的是结果。because意为“因为;由于”,表达的是原因,在一个句子中不能同时出现because和so。
Helen is new here, so we know nothing about her. (√)
Because Helen is new here, we know nothing about her. (√)
Because Helen is new here, so we know nothing about her. (×)
be famous for
be famous for意为“以……而闻名”,相当于be well-known for。
Sichuan is famous for pandas.
四川以大熊猫而闻名。
与be famous for类似的短语还有be famous as。be famous as意为“作为……而闻名”,相当于be well-known as。
Li An is famous as a director in the world.
= Li An is well-known as a director in the world.
李安作为一名导演闻名于世。
… be the perfect place for …
… be the perfect place for sth. 表示“……是……的理想之地”,可与“… be the perfect place to do sth.”互换,其中,perfect也可换为其他如great, good, best, nice等类的形容词。
海边的法国小镇是夏日度假的理想去处。
A French town by the sea is the perfect place for a summer holiday.
这个公园是观鸟的最佳之地。
The park is the best place for bird-watching.
=The park is the best place to watch birds.
try doing sth. & try to do sth.
try doing sth.意为“试着做某事;试验做某事”,侧重表示尝试,没有明显的目的性。
我试着去种花,但是失败了。
I tried growing the flowers, but I failed.
try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事;设法做某事”,侧重表达为了目标而努力,不一定成功。
Try to finish the work on time, please.
请尽力准时完成工作吧。
Why not do sth. 句型
“Why not do sth. ”意为“为什么不做某事 ”,用来提出建议。相当于“Why don’t you/we do sth. ”。
Why not go for a walk in the park this afternoon
=Why don’t we go for a walk in the park this afternoon
今天下午去公园散步怎么样?
其表示提出建议的句型还有“How/What about doing sth.”,意为“做……怎么样 ”
What about flying a kite this weekend
这个周末去放风筝怎么样?
Country Nationality (国籍) Capital(首都) Largest City (最大城市)
France(法国) French Paris(巴黎) Paris
Germany(德国) German Berlin(柏林) Berlin
Italy(意大利) Italian Rome(罗马) Rome
the United Kingdom(英国) British London(伦敦) London
Russia(俄罗斯) Russian Moscow(莫斯科) Moscow
the United States of America(美国) American Washington D.C.(华盛顿特区) New York(纽约)
Canada(加拿大) Canadian Ottawa(渥太华) Toronto(多伦多)
the People’s Republic of China(中国) Chinese Beijing Shanghai
Japan(日本) Japanese Tokyo(东京) Tokyo
South Korea(韩国) Korean Seoul(首尔) Seoul
Thailand(泰国) Thai Bangkok(曼谷) Bangkok
Australia(澳大利亚) Australian Canberra(堪培拉) Sydney(悉尼)Unit 5 Water
课本
滴 drop
一滴雨落在我脸上。
A drop of rain fell on my face.
旅行;旅程 journey
你在澳大利亚的旅行愉快吗?
Did you have a nice journey to Australia
数量 quantity
每年都有大量的食物被浪费。
A huge quantity of food is wasted every year.
实验;试验 experiment
淡的;无盐的 fresh
人类只能饮用淡水。
People can only drink fresh water.
盐 n. salt
咸水 salty water
含盐的;咸的 salty
海水尝起来是咸的。
Ocean water tastes salty.
已经连接、处于工作状态或使用中 on
不要一直开着水龙头。
Don’t keep the tap on all the time.
关掉 turn off
请关掉收音机。
Please turn off the radio.
打开 turn on
嗓音;说话声 voice
她的声音很美妙。
She has a beautiful voice.
小鸟用美妙的歌喉唱歌。
Birds sing in beautiful voice.
声音 sound
噪音 noise
掉下;落下 drop
小心点儿别把花瓶打碎了。
Be careful not to drop the vase.
水库 reservoir
增加;添加 add
把……加入 add...to…
我喜欢在咖啡里加糖。
I like to add sugar to my coffee.
化学品 chemical
通过;穿过 through
水通过水管流向千家万户。
Water runs through the pipes to people’s homes.
管道 pipe
宝贵的;有用的 valuable
时间是宝贵的。 Time is valuable.
价值 value
生命比任何东西都要宝贵。
The value of life is higher than anything else.
有点;一点 bit
有点;一点 a bit
外面有点冷。
It’s a bit cold outside.
银行 bank
……的一部分 a part of
跳舞是她生活的一部分。
Dancing is a part of her life.
找给的零钱 change
归还 return
昨天我去图书馆还了些书。
I went to the library and returned some books yesterday.
(父母给孩子的)零用钱 pocket money
我没多少零用钱。
I don’t have much pocket money.
蒸汽 vapour
形成;构成 form
他想到一个好主意。
A good idea forms in his head.
搅拌 stir
她缓慢地搅拌着咖啡。
She stirred the coffee slowly.
由……组成 (be) made up of
水由氧元素和氢元素构成。
Water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen.
继续 continue
麦克歇了片刻,继续写作业。
Mike continued to do his homework after a short break.
干涸 dry up
河水干涸的时候鱼会死去。
When the lake dries up, the fish will die.
结晶(体) crystal
人的 human
大海;海洋 ocean
因此;所以;因而 therefore
天色已晚,因此他们结伴回家。
It was late. Therefore, they went home together.
滴下 drip
我可以听见水从水龙头滴落的声音。
I can hear water dripping from the tap.
升 litre
(使)充满;装满;注满 fill
他在玻璃杯里装满淡水。
He filled the glass with fresh water.
代替:作为……的替换 instead of
你应该多喝点水,少喝点饮料。
You should drink more water instead of soft drinks.
报纸
考点1 journey 的用法(P57)
journey n. 旅行;旅程
an act of travelling from one place to another
去三亚的旅程要多久?
How long is the journey to Sanya
◇辨析 trip, travel 与 journey
trip通常指短距离的“旅行;出行”。
We are going on a trip to the
暑假期间我们打算去海边旅行。
seaside during the summer holidays.
travel可作动词也可作名词,指长距离的旅
行或国外旅行。
格林先生去过中国许多地方旅行。
Mr Green has travelled to many places of China.
journey指远距离的陆地旅行。
从北京到广州是一个较长的旅程。
From Beijing to Guangzhou is a long journey.
考点2 experiment 的用法(P57)
experiment n.实验;试验
a scientific test that is done to learn sth.
我们正在做一个化学实验。
We are doing a chemical experiment.
做一个实验 do an experiment
我决定做一次实验。
I decided to do an experiment.
考点3 add 的用法(P59, L11)
add v. 增加;添加
to put sth. together with sth. else
你还有什么想要添加到列表里面的吗?
Do you have anything to add to the list
add ... to ... 把……加到……
把这些加在三明治上。
Add these to the sandwich.
add to使(数量)增加;使(规模)大
恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
The bad weather added to our difficulties.
请往牛奶里加些糖。
Please add some sugar to the milk.
考点4 valuable 的用法(P59, L18)
valuable adj.宝贵的;很有用的
very useful or important
真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。
Real friendship is more valuable than money.
value n. 价值
他的想法没有多大价值。
His ideas don’t have much value.
考点5 change 的用法(P62, B)
change n.找给的零钱;找头
money that you get when you have paid too much
我给了他一英镑,他找了20便士的零钱给我。
I gave him a pound, and he gave me 20 pence change.
change v. 改变;变化
我们无法改变过去。
We cannot change the past.
change one’s mind 改变主意
我不想改变主意。
I don’t want to change my mind.
考点6 return 的用法(P62, B)
return v.归还give back
别忘了把这本书还给你同学。
Don’t forget to return this book to your classmate.
return v. 返回
你什么时候回来?
When will you return
考点7 form 的用法(P66, B)
form v. 形成;构成
to make sth. have a particular shape
养成好习惯很重要。
It is important to form good habits.
一个计划开始在他脑子里形成。
A plan starts to form in his head.
考点8 continue 的用法(P67, A)
continue v.: go on 继续
他们继续争论了很长时间。
They continued arguing for a long time.
辨析continue to do sth.与continue doing sth.
continue to do sth.
继续做另一件事情(已经完成一件工
作)
他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。
After he finished reading a novel,
he continued to play games with his
friends.
continue doing sth.
继续做同一件事(还没完成)
稍作休息后,他继续看书。
After a rest, he continues reading his book.
读完第九课后,他开始读第十课。
After reading Lesson Nine, he continued reading Lesson Ten.
考点9 dry up 的用法(P67, A)
dry up: become completely dry 干涸
雨后地面很快就干了。
The ground dried up quickly after the rain.
那湖已经干涸了。
That lake has already dried up.
英语中,我们通常用much, many, a little, a few, a lot of, no, enough等词(组)来谈论名词的数量。根据这些词(组)所修饰的名词的可数与不可数,可以将它们分为三类。
具体如下:
◆1. 只能修饰不可数名词的有much, too much, a little, too little等。
◆2. 只修饰可数名词的有many, too many, a few, too few等。
◆3. 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有no, a lot of, enough等。
50. 询问数量的用法
※当询问数量时,常用how many和how much。
how many用于询问可数名词。
篮子里有多少个苹果
How many apples are there in the basket
how much用于询问不可数名词。
你需要多少钱
How much money do you need Unit 6 Electricity
课本
电 n. electricity
电的;用电的 adj. electrical
谈话 conversation
和陌生人交谈对我来说不是件容易的事。
I cannot start a conversation with a stranger easily.
一袋 a packet of
你能从超市给我买袋糖吗?
Can you buy me a packet of sweets from the supermarket
任何人 anyone
这个房间里的任何人都不准离开。
Anyone in this room are not allowed to leave.
回答 reply
“我会成功的,”他回答。
“I’ll make it,” he replied.
愚蠢的 foolish
玛利亚穿那条红裙子的样子看起来很蠢。
Maria looks foolish in that red dress.
电线 wire
在某种程度上 in a way
水,在某种程度上,是人类最重要的需求。
Water, in a way, is people’s most important need.
(使)连接 connect
在写作课上我们学习如何用过渡词连接句子。
In writing class, we learn how to connect sentences using transition words.
连接到 (be) connected to
这些电脑都联网了。
The computers are connected to the Internet.
电缆 cable
发电站 power station
瞬间;片刻 moment
片刻之后,警察出现在门外。
A moment later, police showed up at the door.
电池 battery
洗衣机 washing machine
厨灶;炉具 cooker
厨师 cook
冰箱 fridge
空调 air conditioner
电灯泡 bulb
(用锁)锁上 lock
他下了车又锁了车。
He got out of the car and locked it.
关(电灯;机器等) switch off=turn off
我昨天忘了关灯了。
I forgot to switch off the lights yesterday.
测试 test
萨拉在买车前测试了一下车。
Sarah tested the car before she bought it.
使整洁;使整齐 tidy
收拾妥;整理好 tidy up
孩子们要自己整理床铺。
Children must tidy up their beds by themselves.
触摸;碰 touch
不要碰这条电线,它很危险。
Don’t touch this wire. It’s very dangerous.
指点;实用的指示 tip
你能给我些去英国旅行的指示吗?
Can you give me some tips on travelling in the UK
(家用)电器 appliance
(盛食物的)罐;瓶;壶 pot
空的 empty
拔掉……的电源插头 unplug
当你不用电脑时要拔掉电源插头。
Unplug the computer when you don’t use it.
微波炉 microwave
把金属器具放到微波炉(加热)是很危险的。
It’s dangerous to put metal appliances into the microwave.
物品;东西 object
确信的;肯定的 sure
我确信她今晚回来看望我们。
I am sure she will come to visit us tonight.
确保;设法保证 make sure
请确保你离开房间时所有灯都关了。
Please make sure all the lights are turned off when you leave the room.
报纸
conversation 的用法(P71)
conversation n. 谈话
informal (非正式的) talk in which people exchange news, feelings, etc.
他聆听他们的谈话。
He listened to their conversation.
have a conversation with sb. 和某人交谈
我和你的老师进行了长时间的谈话。
I had a long conversation with your teacher.
rule 的用法(P71)
rule n. 规则
a statement of what may, must or must not be done
如果你违反规定,你会受惩罚。
If you break the rules, you will be punished.
ruler n. 统治者;直尺
她的弟弟是国王,但实际上她才是真正的统治者。
Her brother is king, but she is, in fact, the real ruler.
reply 的用法(P73, L4)
reply v. 回答
to say or write sth. as an answer to sb./sth.
他回答说他对此事一无所知。
He replied that he knew nothing about it.
◇辨析 answer 与 reply
answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,
常指口头或书面的回答,是表示“回答”的一般用语。
回答问题之前认真想想。
Think carefully before you answer the questions.
reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性
的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词 to连用,这时 reply to 可以和 answer 互换。
他没有回复这封信。
He didn’t reply to this letter.
foolish 的用法(P73, L8)
foolish adj. 愚蠢的 silly; stupid
It’s foolish of you to follow his advice.
你听从他的建议,真是傻。
silly adj. 愚蠢的 (同)
stupid adj. 愚蠢的
How silly you are! 你真傻!
It was a stupid thing to do.
做那样的事是愚蠢的。
fool n. 蠢人;傻瓜
She made me feel like a fool!
她让我觉得自己像一个傻瓜!
in a way 的用法(P73, L11)
in a way: in some degree 在某种程度上
The work is well done in a way.
这工作在某种程度上看做得不错。
与 way 有关的短语:
all the way 一直;总是
他一直开到纽约。
He drove all the way through to New York.
by the way 顺便说一下;顺便问一下
顺便问一下,你来自哪个省
By the way, which province are you from
on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。
I met Mary on my way to school.
(be) connected to 的用法(P73, L14)
(be) connected to: be linked to 连接到
键盘已连接到电脑。
The keyboard was connected to the computer.
cooker 的用法(P76)
cooker n. 厨灶;炉具
a large piece of equipment (设备) for cooking food
他买了一个新煤气炉。
He bought a new gas cooker.
cook v. 烹饪;烹调 n. 厨师
你在哪里学的烹调?
Where did you learn to cook
我长大了想当一名厨师。
I want to be a cook when I grow up.
switch off 的用法(P81)
switch off: turn off 关(电灯、机器等)
当时钟敲响12点时,我关了电视上床睡觉。
When the clock struck twelve, I switched off the TV and went to bed.
(反)switch on 打开
他为什么把灯打开?
Why does he switch on the light
tidy 的用法(P81)
tidy: make neat (整洁的); put in good order
使整洁;使整齐
我用了整个上午的时间清扫整理。
I spent all morning cleaning and tidying.
tidy up 收拾妥;整理好
在我们搬进去之前应该先打扫一下那个地方。
We should tidy up the place before we move in.
情态动词 modal verbs
表示说话者的情感、态度或语气,它本身有一定的含义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。can、may、must是常用的情态动词,它们的含义和用法具体如下:
*can
(1)can表示人或物本身具有的能力,意为“能;会”。
杰克会下棋。
Jack can play chess.
(2)can也可表示请求或许可,意为“可以”。
我可以坐在这里吗
Can I have a sea there
(3)can的否定形式是cannot/can’t,意为“不能”。
我找不到吉姆。你知道他在哪里吗?
I can’t find John. Do you know where he is
(4)以can引导的问句,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+can.”;否定回答用“No,主语+cannot / Can’t.”
我可以借你的报纸吗?
—Can I borrow your newspaper
是,你可以。/ 不,你不可以。
—Yes, you can./No you can’t.
*may
may表示同意许可或请求对方许可,意为“可以”,多用于肯定句和疑问句且多跟第一人称连用公may和can都表示许可,不过may比较正式,can则更口语化。
我可以进来吗?
May / Can I come in
(2)may的否定形式为may not,意为“不可以”。
你不可以在这里吸烟。
You may not smoke here.
(3)以may引导的问句,肯定回答一般用 “Yes, 主语+may.”;否定回答则根据说话人语气的强弱可用“No,主语+may not/can’t.”、“No, 主语+mustn’t.”或“No, 主语+had better not.”
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
—May I ask for a photo of your baby
是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
—Yes, you may./No,you may not.
*must
(1)must意为“必须;一定”,表示必须或一定要做某事,具有强制性。
我们必须照顾父母。
We must take care of our parents.
(2)must的否定形式是mustn’t(=must not), 意为“不许;禁止”。
你不准在这条河里游泳。
You mustn’t swim in the river.
以must引导的问句,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must.”;否定回答用“No, 主语+needn’t/do (es) n’t have to.”。
我必须立刻去那儿吗?
—Must I go there at once
是的,必须。/ 不,不必。
—Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to/ needn’t.Unit 3 Our Animal Friends
课本
反身代词
Subject pronoun Reflexive pronoun
I myself
you (singular) yourself
you (plural) yourselves
we ourselves
they themselves
he himself
she herself
it itself
举止规矩 behave oneself
献身于 devote oneself to sth./doing sth.
穿衣 dress oneself
表达 express oneself
随便吃点 help oneself to
不拘束 make oneself at home
自言自语 say to oneself
就坐 seat oneself
心里想 think to oneself
报纸
arrive at 的用法(P31, L1)
arrive at: reach; get to 到达
I arrived at the central park at 9:00 a.m.
我早上九点到达了中心公园。
◇辨析 arrive, reach 与 get (to)
arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者较口语化。两者之后均不可直接接宾语,但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。arrive 要表示“到达某地”,需借助介词 at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)。
火车什么时候到站?
When will the train arrived at the station
reach通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语 (不能用介词)。注意,reach 之后可接 here, there, home 等词。
When did he reach home yesterday
他昨天什么时候到家?
get 之后通常接介词 to。在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客到站时,通常用 get in。
当我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。
When we got to the park, it began to rain.
Finally, the fireman got Charlie out of the building too and they were both safe. (P31, L28)
最后,这名消防员也把查理弄出了大楼,他们都安全了。
too 用于肯定句末尾表示“也”,可与 also 互换,但二者位置有所不同;both意为“两者都”。
I know the answer, too.
我也知道答案。
We are both from America.
我们两个都来自美国。
◇辨析 too, also, either
too, also, either 均意为“也”,其区别如下:
too 多用于口语,在肯定句中使用,通常位于句末。
also 比too正式一些,语气较重,通常用于肯定句中,一般靠近动词。
either 用于否定句,放在句末,前面通常要加逗号。
我也爱吃香蕉。
I also love bananas.
我也不喜欢雨。
I don’t like rain, either.
反身代词的用法
反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。在句中一般作宾语、表语、同位语,不可单独作主语。
a. 作动词或介词的宾语
我们已经不小了,我们应该学着照顾自己。
We are old enough; we should learn to look after ourselves.
你不应把孩子独自留在家里。
You shouldn’t leave the child by himself at home.
b. 作表语
我今天感觉有点不舒服。
I am not feeling myself today.
c. 作同位语时,译为“本人、本身、自己、亲自”。
她把这件事告诉了吉姆本人。
She told the matter to Jim himself.
玛丽自己打开了门。
Mary herself opened the door.

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