资源简介

(共29张PPT)
词句微技能
“熟词生义”是学生正确理解语篇内容的难点之一。不懂“熟词”的“生义”会影响阅读速度和对全文的准确理解，造成理解偏差。因此，学生在日常学习中应积累常见的熟词生义。
微技能1　利用语境猜测熟词生义
(一)词汇微技能
微技能突破
例　Last week, my school announced(宣布) a speech competition, and about 35 students entered the competition. I also took part in it and decided to make it to the final round, but I knew I needed to do a lot of preparations. I practiced every day and asked my English teacher for suggestions. Finally, I was ready for the competition.
1. The underlined word “entered” means “________”．
A. 进来 B. 报名 C. 提出 D. 登录
剖析：本题考查的是enter的“生义”。enter的 “基本义”是“进来”，在这里结合语境引申为“报名，参加”。故选B。
技能精讲
大多数多义词的“生义”和其“熟义”具有紧密的联系，学生除平时积累并记忆单词的意思之外，还需要养成借助“熟义”和语境提示去推测“生义”的思维习惯，就能迅速精准地推测出“生义”。
方法指导
Every year in June, there are celebrations all over the country to mark Mid Summer Day. It takes place on Saturday nearest to midsummer. In our neighborhood, everyone gets together to join in the fun.
1. The underlined word “mark” in the passage means “________”．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. 庆祝 B. 标记 C. 表明 D. 弄污
对点微练
A
英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。英语常见的构词法有合成法、派生法和转化法。更多构词法规则详见右侧二维码。
微技能2　利用构词法猜测词义
例1　In yesterday's soccer game, I was the goalkeeper. I had never done it in a match before. As the game began, the ball headed towards the goal. I hesitated(犹豫) at first, but then I tried to stop the shot. With each save, my confidence grew.
1. 文中画线单词的汉语意思是：________。
剖析：本题考查合成词“goalkeeper”，可拆分为goal和keeper，goal“进球，球门”；keeper“看守人”，结合语境可知，此处“goalkeeper”意为“球门看守人”，也就是“守门员”。
技能精讲
1. 合成法
若生词是由两个独立且语义不同的单词复合而成，学生可通过分析两个组成部分的词义并结合语境推出词义，并将词义代入语境，核验是否正确。如blackboard由形容词black“黑色的”和名词board“板”构成，可推测出词义为“黑板”。
方法指导
例2　Last week, we visited the science museum. We learnt about scientific ideas through the exhibition，which helped us discover more about the world. It was an unforgettable experience!
2. 文中画线单词的汉语意思是：________。
剖析：画线单词由forget“忘记”、前缀un 和后缀 able构成，un 前缀表示否定含义， able后缀表示其具有形容词的词性，结合语境可知，此处表示这次经历是难忘的。
2. 派生法
学生通过积累并熟记初中阶段常见前缀和后缀的含义，推测生词含义。通常情况下，加前缀不改变词性，仅改变词义。常见前缀加un ，dis ，im 等表示否定，与原单词构成反义词。加后缀一般会改变词性，但词义基本不变。
方法指导
例3　Mina May is a British student. She goes to school from Monday to Friday. But on Saturdays, Mina works. She's an illustrator(插图画家) for children's books. The books are about a girl named Wendy Quill.
2. 文中画线单词的汉语意思是：________。
剖析：此处“named”作动词，name作名词时意为“名字”，结合语境可知，此处指名字叫作Wendy Quill的女孩。
3. 转化法
单词转化后往往与单词基本义联系密切，学生通过判断词性，结合语境对词义进行推测。如： The girl is watering the flower.分析句子可知画线词为动词，结合water 的基本义“水”可推知此处意为“浇水”。
方法指导
When Pablo was eleven years old, he thought of an idea for a product called the Wordwatch. Pablo needed his uncle's help to create this invention because he needed the help of a computer programmer. Uncle Tim ① shouldered the job of programming. They figured out how to make Wordwatches.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. 文中画线单词①的汉语意思是：________。
对点微练
承担
Like most watches, a Wordwatch shows the time. However, unlike other watches, the Wordwatch also shows a word.Pablo and Uncle Tim invited a teacher to research which words should be used in the Wordwatch. The teacher made different lists of words for different ages. The watches for nine year old students have simpler words than the ones for high school students. After a year, a Wordwatch owner may call the ② hotline and the programmers there will reprogram it with new vocabulary.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. 文中画线单词②的汉语意思是：________。
热线
At the beginning, people had a ③ misunderstanding about this kind of watch. But more and more students find Pablo's invention irreplaceable(不可替代的) because it can help them spell many difficult words and read better. Wordwatches appear to be sold very well these days.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3. 文中画线单词③的汉语意思是：________
误解
(二)句子微技能
在语篇阅读中，我们有时熟知词汇却无法理解文章。这时，我们可以通过观察话语标记语捋清文章逻辑顺序、分析长难句来理解句子成分以准确理解句意；同时，在语篇题型设置中，正确选项常常是原文内容的同义转换，熟悉常见同义转换能在一定程度上提高得分率。
微技能突破
微技能1　话语标记语识别
话语标记语在语篇中起衔接作用，表明句子内部、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系，形成语篇的连贯性与条理性。熟知话语标记语对理顺文章结构、预测和推理文章内容、理解篇章乃至提高阅读能力都有很大的帮助。
例　In my science class, everyone had to give an important presenta-tion(报告). Most of the final grade for the class would depend on the presentation, 1. _______ the teacher asked us to prepare for it carefully. The teacher told us to include graphic(图表的) information. There were a few things I didn't understand 2. ________ I didn't listen carefully in class. As I prepared, I neither asked any questions nor asked for help. In the end, I didn't use graphs. The presentation was terrible. I almost failed the class. Since then, I have changed the way I prepare. Now, I ask questions when I don't understand anything, 3. ________ I also ask for help when I need it. It was a hard lesson to learn, but now I am a better student.
技能精讲
1. 1题空处前后表示______关系，故符合文意的连词为：______。
2. 2题空处前后表示______关系，故符合文意的连词为：______。
3. 3题空处前后表示______关系，故符合文意的连词为：______。
剖析：“这个课的期末成绩大部分将取决于报告”与“老师让我们认真准备”为因果关系，前因后果，应用连词so。
剖析：“我不理解一些东西”与“我上课没认真听讲”为因果关系，前果后因，应用连词because/since/for/as。
剖析：“我不懂的时候就提问”与“我需要帮助的时候也寻求帮助”为并列关系，应用连词and。
学生应多积累常见的话语标记语，了解文章中句子内部、句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关系，从而加深对文章的理解。初中常见的话语标记语有：
(1)转折关系： but, however；
(2)对比关系：unlike，while，rather than...；
(3)并列关系：like, or, in other words，that is to say, just as, and, also, as well as...；
方法指导
(4)因果关系：
①表原因：because, since, for, as, because of, thanks to...；
②表结果：so, therefore，so that，so/such... that...；
(5)选择关系：or, either；
(6)让步关系：though, although, even if/though。
Last year, I took part in a 100 meter running event. I ran the slowest and came in last. It was a terrible performance. What did I do I began to run every day. Moreover, I exercised to improve my strength. The training process was hard, 1. ________ I stuck to it. Gradually, I became much stronger and ran much faster. Finally, after weeks of practice, I took part in another short race, and I won first place!
1. 空处前后表示________关系，故符合文意的连词为：________。
对点微练
转折
but
微技能2　长难句分析
例　The talented musician, who has won many awards for his excellent performances, will give a concert next month.
Step 1：提主干：The musician(主语)will give(谓语) a concert(宾语)
Step 2：析成分：①主语部分：talented修饰主语musician；
②定语从句中：who引导定语从句修饰musician(先行词)；从句主干为who(主语)has won(谓语) awards(宾语)；many修饰宾语awards；for his excellent performances作原因状语；
③状语成分：next month作句子的时间状语。
技能精讲
分析长难句时，可参考以下步骤：
Step 1：提主干：找出句子主语、谓语和宾语或主语、系动词和表语；
Step 2：析成分：若是复合句，先根据连词、关系词等分清句子层次；然后分别分析每个简单句的句子成分。
方法指导
1. Jack is such a creative boy that he often creates useful things to make his life easy. (请分析句子成分)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
对点微练
提主干：Jack(主语) is(系动词) a boy(表语)；
析成分：①主句：creative修饰名词boy；②such...that引导的结果状语从句：he(主语)creates(谓语) things(宾语)，often为时间状语；useful修饰名词things；to make his life easy作目的状语。
微技能3　同义转换
例　In A．D.105, Cai Lun improved the paper making skill. Writings were usually made on pieces of bamboo or silk before. But silk was expensive and bamboo was heavy. Cai Lun then put forward the way of making paper from the bark(树皮) of trees, small pieces of cloth and fishing nets. From then on, paper has been in use everywhere.
技能精讲
1. 请写出文中画线部分的同义词组：________．
剖析：分析画线短语所在句可知，画线短语意为“提出，想出”，其同义词组为“come up with”，此处put为过去式，此处应填came up with。
学生平时需要多积累初中阶段常用同义词(组)和表达句式，加强对选项的理解进而提高得分率。
方法指导
Nowadays, scientific research plays an important role in pushing forward technology and improving the quality(质量) of our lives. Scientists who throw themselves into research are key persons to find solutions to main scientific problems. We take pride in those scientists who spend the whole life on scientific development.
1. 请写出文中画线部分的同义词组：______________．
对点微练
are proud of

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