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(共31张PPT)
短文填空
短文填空依托语篇，侧重考查学生阅读语篇后在语境中准确理解语义和在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。该题型综合考查学生对语篇上下文的理解能力，对单词、词组、句型的运用能力和对全文逻辑的推理能力，是近年中考的趋势题型。分析全国近3年中考真题可知，短文填空命题特点如下：
中考早知道
考查形式 语法填空(适当形式＋盲填)、方框选词、首字母提示填空、语篇盲填等
主题&话题 1. 主题：以人与自我、人与社会为主，少量涉及人与自然
2. 话题：以故事类(教育故事、人物经历及感受、情感故事、寓言故事等)和说明介绍类为主，也会涉及环境保护、做法建议、观点看法等话题
考查点 1. 动词：①时态、语态、非谓语动词相关变形，如原形、单三、过去式、现在分词、动名词等；②词性转换，如动词→名词、动词→形容词等
2. 名词：可数名词单数和复数、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词→形容词
3. 形容词：原级、比较级、最高级、形容词→副词
4. 代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等
5. 副词：原级、比较级、最高级
6. 其他：介词及其固定搭配、连词(短语)、数词、冠词、疑问词、感叹词等
语篇 类型 语篇类型呈多样化趋势，除常规文本外，还涉及多模态语篇(图文结合)、信件等
短文填空主要考查六种微技能：语境推断、语法知识、固定搭配、逻辑推理、词汇复现、生活/文化常识。各微技能的解题技巧详见 P5【类型1 选择型完形填空】。
微技能突破
解答短文填空类试题，可参考以下步骤：
技能演示
说明：由于短文填空四种考查形式的微技能相同，此处仅以“语法填空”为例进行展示。
(外文素材改编自Wonderful WORLD)
Have you ever taken a school trip to a nature reserve(保护区)
例题精讲
语法填空
语篇解读本文主要介绍了南非一所坐落在自然保护区的学校，旨在引导同学们更加了解大自然进而学会保护大自然。
Well, one school in South Africa is 1.________(actual) on a nature reserve. The Southern Cross Boarding School, in a town of South Africa, sits on a large nature reserve.
Students there can enjoy the beauty of nature 2._____ see many different kinds of wild animals including giraffes, snakes and so on.
副词
actually
连词
并列
and
剖析：1. 语法知识巧解题。此处缺少____修饰整个句子。故填________。
剖析：2. 句间关系判逻辑。根据语境可知，此处缺少________连接两个________动词短语。故填________。
At Southern Cross, students work inside the classrooms, just like you, but they also spend time 3.________(learn) in the wild.
The school's teachers feel students need a deep understanding of the 4.________(nature) world so that they can care for it.
spend time doing sth.
动名词
learning
形容词
world
natural
剖析：3. 语法知识巧解题。此处考查固定用法__________________，表示他们也会花费一些时间在自然环境中学习，应用learn的________形式。故填________。
剖析：4. 语法知识巧解题。此处缺少________修饰名词 ________。故填________。
Teachers take students outside during all kinds of lessons. 5.________ example, preschool(幼儿园) students don't learn counting with a workbook.
剖析：5. 固定搭配助解题。本句考查固定搭配______________，表示________。故填________。
Instead, they 6. ________(teach) on a farm by counting animals.
剖析：6. 语法知识巧解题。空处作句子的________， 主语________和谓语________为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用________，此处在讲述客观事实，应用__________，主语为they，助动词用________。故填__________。
for example
例如
For
谓语
they
teach
are
一般现在时
被动语态
are taught
In a language lesson, students discuss problems that the plants and animals 7. ________(face) on the reserve now.
剖析：7. 语法知识巧解题。此处从句中缺少谓语，根据句中“now”及语境可知，此处时态为____________，结合从句主语“the plants and animals”可知，be动词用________。故填___________。
They work together to find 8.________ best solutions(解决办法)．
剖析：8. 语法知识巧解题。根据空后的“________”可知此处考查形容词________。故填________。
现在进行时
are
are facing　
best
最高级
the
Southern Cross students also enjoy 9. ________(activity) such as rock climbing and horse riding.
剖析：9. 语法知识巧解题。根据空后列举的____________和___________可知活动不止一种，此处应填名词的________形式。故填________。
Their 10. ________(educate) isn't just about homework and exams. Students solve real world problems, have fun and build friendships—all while learning to care for the Earth！
剖析：10. 语法知识巧解题。根据空前的“________”可知，此处缺少________，educate的名词形式education为__________，应用原形。故填________。
rock climbing
horse riding
复数
activities
Their
名词
不可数名词
education
实战演练
Passage 1语法填空(外文素材改编自Lijft)
语篇类型：记叙文 |　主题：Ximena的写实画　|　　词数：221　|　　难度：★★★☆☆ |　　建议用时：8′　 　|　
Passage 1本阅读语篇属于“人与自我”主题范畴下的“做人与做事”的主题群。通过介绍Ximena被老师要求画一幅写实的百合花，由一开始的不自信到最终通过他人的鼓励和自己的坚持，创作出了一幅特别的画作，旨在引导学生大胆尝试新事物，相信他人的鼓励和支持，从而增强自信心。
素材解读
[五育并举——美育]Ximena walked to the Community Center with her bag. She had just moved to 1._____ 1题new city. To make new friends, she took a painting class. She loved making 2.________ (color) and 2题special art.
a
colorful　
In the classroom, Ximena met Mr. Chen and 3题other 3.___________ (student). Mr. Chen showed a photo of a lily(百合花) and handed out copies to the class. “You're all going to paint this lily，” he said. “Um, Mr. Chen？” said Ximena, 4题feeling 4.________________(comfortable)．“I can't paint it. I don't know how to paint a real flower.”
“We should learn something new. I believe you can do it.” Mr. Chen smiled. Others agreed with 5._______(he) 5题words. Everyone but Ximena believed in her. Just 6.________ 6题she thought it couldn't get any worse, Mr. Chen told students their paintings would be shown in the community.
students
uncomfortable
his
when/as
Just when she thought it couldn’t get any worse, Mr. Chen told students their
时间状语从句　　　　　　 主语 谓语　宾语　　　
paintings would be shown in the community.
宾语从句
析成分：本句为主从复合句，其基本结构为主＋谓＋宾。it...worse为省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。
句意：正当她认为情况不会更糟的时候，陈老师告诉学生们他们的画将在社区展出。
长难句分析
——Passage 1
7题Ximena 7.________(watch) her classmates begin painting lilies that looked like real flowers. Ximena tried again and again, but hers looked like cartoons. She 8题left the class 8.________(sad). All week, Ximena tried to paint the lily every day.
The day came at last. 9题To 9.__________(everyone) surprise, Ximena's painting was the most special among all the paintings. In Ximena's painting, a lily had come to life. People 10题talked 10.___________ it and admired it. That day, Ximena felt proud.
watched
sadly　
everyone's　
about
Passage 2 方框选词(外文素材改编自Oxford Discover)
语篇类型：说明文　|　　主题：锻炼益于健康|　　词数：223　　|　　难度：★★★☆☆　|　　建议用时：8′ |　
Passage 2本阅读语篇属于“人与自我”主题范畴下的“生活与学习”的主题群。通过介绍锻炼的重要性以及运动时身体内部发生的变化。旨在引导学生认识到运动给我们带来的好处，从而热爱运动，提高身体素质。
素材解读
[五育并举——体育]Do you like exercise？Exercise is important for everyone. When you exercise, your muscles(肌肉) get 1.________ and you feel 1题better. However, what happens inside 2.________ 2题body when you exercise
stronger
your
out　minute　strong　that　beat　become　as　normal　face　you
Imagine that you decide to run around the park for 3题thirty 3.________. When you begin to run, your muscles start working hard. 4.________ 4题a result, they need more oxygen(氧气). Then, two things happen. First, your breathing rate increases, which sends more oxygen into your body. During this time, your lungs(肺)are working harder and faster. Next, 5题your heart 5.________ faster. It sends more oxygen rich blood to your muscles. Your muscles then use the oxygen.
minutes
As
beats
out　minute　strong　that　beat　become　as　normal　face　you
In fact, your muscles use most of 6题the oxygen 6.________ your body brings in when you exercise. 7题Of course, after your body uses oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) that travels back through your blood and 7.________ of your lungs into the air.
While this happens, you may sweat(发汗). 8题It keeps your body from 8.________ hot. Your body also keeps you cool by sending blood to your skin. That's why your 9.________ 9题gets red.
that　
out
becoming
out　minute　strong　that　beat　become　as　normal　face　you
face
10题After you stop running, your muscles need less oxygen. Your breathing and heartbeat return to the 10.________ situation. And your body now feels great!
normal
out　minute　strong　that　beat　become　as　normal　face　you
Passage 3 首字母提示填空
语篇类型：说明文　 |　　主题：货币的演变 |　词数：223　　|　　难度：★★★★☆ |　　建议用时：9′ |　
Passage 3本阅读语篇属于“人与社会”主题范畴下的“历史、社会与文化”的主题群。通过阐述了货币的起源、发展和演变过程，旨在引导学生了解货币的发展演变史，以及本质和作用，培养学生对经济学的兴趣。
素材解读
We use money every day but long ago people didn't have any money so 1题they “bartered(以物易物)”. This means you exchange something you have for something you need from 1. o________ people. The things had to have similar values.
ther　
This means you exchange something you have for something you need from other
主语谓语　 　 　　　 　宾语从句
people．
析成分：本句为主从复合句。you have和you need均为省略了that的定语从句分别修饰先行词something。
句意：这意味着你用你拥有的东西从别人那里来交换你需要的东西。
长难句分析
——Passage 3
To solve this problem, 2题people in China started using shells(贝壳) to buy things 2. i________ of bartering. At the same time, people in the West started to 3题use something that was strong and wouldn't break 3. e______. They decided to use gold, but gold was 4. h______ and 4题difficult to carry. In 200 AD(公元), coins were made. Coins were small and they were weighed and everybody knew how much they cost. 5题Carrying the gold around was worrying, 5. s________ people left it with a gold worker who kept it safe. The gold worker gave the 6题owner a receipt(收据) for the gold and these receipts were the first 6. p________ money.
nstead
asily
eavy
o　
aper
7题As time went on, money 7. c_________ to change. 7题In the 1950s, credit (信用) cards were invented. 9题This meant we didn't need to 8题carry 8. c ________ or paper money to pay.
Now, lots of people don't carry paper money. They 9. p________ with their cards or phones! Most of the money today can not be seen. Who knows 10. w________ 10题will happen in the future
ontinued
oins
ay
hat
Passage 4 语篇盲填(外文素材改编自PowerUp)
语篇类型：记叙文　　|　　主题：飞向蓝天 |　　词数：236　　|　　难度：★★★★☆　　|　　建议用时：10′ |　
Passage 4本阅读语篇属于“人与自我”主题范畴下的“生活与学习”的主题群。通过讲述Amy Johnson为证明女性也可以成为飞行员，独自驾驶飞机从英国飞到澳大利亚的故事，旨在引导学生勇敢追求梦想，在追求梦想的过程中不断突破自我，实现自我价值。
素材解读
Amy Johnson was born in Hull (UK) in 1903. She 1题fell in 1.________ with planes when she was young. And when she grew up, she took flying lessons while studying to be an engineer. At this time, some pilots were 2.__________ 2题records for long flights(航班) around the world. So, Amy decided to fly from England to Australia 3.________ and to break the record of fifteen days.
breaking
alone
love
It was 4.___________ for Amy to get the money for her trip. 4题Because people thought that a woman couldn't do it, 3题but she made up her mind to achieve it by herself. Amy's plane 5题was 5.___________ Jason and she took off on May 5th, 1930. Amy had to fly across 6题high 6.__________，
6题deserts and seas and through bad weather. Flying in the 1930s was noisy, cold and dirty.
She flew for ten hours every day and at night she 7题had to 7.________ places where she could land her plane for the night.
difficult/hard
called/named
mountains　
find
When Amy landed one evening, her propeller(螺旋桨) was broken. She changed it but 8.________ 8题took her a long time. She knew she couldn't break the record, but she didn't give up. 9题She flew across the Timor Sea. Suddenly, there it was! She saw Australia! Nineteen and a half days 9.________ leaving London, 9题Amy Johnson arrived at Port Darwin.
10题Amy didn't break the record 10.________ she showed the world that women could be pilots, too. What she did also told us that we should be brave enough to achieve our dreams.
it
after
but

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