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(共41张PPT)
中考一轮复习讲练测
第05讲 任务型阅读之补全句子、
补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合
2024
授课：×××
01
复习目标
02
网络构建
03
知识梳理
题型归纳
04
真题感悟
目录
CONTENTS
PART ONE
复习目标
1.掌握补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合考查方式
2.明确补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合解题技巧
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夯基·必备基础知识
题型特点
1. 命题灵活，题型多样。
一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求学生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查学生多方面的能力。
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2. 贴近生活，凸显交际。
任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，学生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近学生使用语言的现实生活情景，学生完成任务的过程既是分析问题、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。
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3. 读写结合，重视输出。
任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求学生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。
4. 语言精练，高度概括。
任务型阅读题目要求学生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求学生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所学语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。
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考查方式及解题技巧
综观近年来这几类的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：
1. 中心归纳题
中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。
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考查方式及解题技巧
2. 段意概括题
段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？
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考查方式及解题技巧
作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpose/aim/goal; topic/theme; suggestion/advice; type/kind; way/means/method; effect/result; cause/reason; feature/characteristic; function/use; comment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占2―3题。
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考查方式及解题技巧
3. 功能理解题
功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占2―3题。
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考查方式及解题技巧
4. 信息压缩及改写题
信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The boy is eight years old这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-old boy。这类试题在考题中占2—3题。
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考查方式及解题技巧
5. 信息获取题
信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占2―3题。
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阅读填表命题方式
★ 标题归纳 文章标题的归纳，一要关注文章的核心及高频词汇，二要根据主题句提炼主题。
1. 阅读文章时，要注意文中反复出现或强调的信息，因而要在文中寻找覆盖全文的核心词汇或句子，或寻找与文章大部分内容相关的信息。
2. 寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心，主题句一般位于文章首末段或分散于各个段落中，需要考生加以总结提炼，得出答案。
PART ONE
真题感悟
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真题感悟 一、信息摘录
（2021·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）
You can read up your favorite skateboard star, email or test your friends. You can do a lot of wonderful things online. That’s why the Internet is amazing! If you’re a kid who likes to have fun and chat with friends online, here’re the things you need to watch carefully in order to stay safe and avoid problems.
Not all websites are safe for students. Luckily, your parents can guide you to some websites. And you can also visit the websites your teachers suggest. Stick to these safe websites and don’t go out to try something new. Some websites don’t allow kids under a certain age to visit them. You may find it inviting and fun to lie about your age. It’s safer to tell the truth and avoid those websites until you’re older.
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真题感悟
The loss of Internet ID can cause big problems. So it is important to make your Internet ID safe. If someone can get on the Internet in your username, you have no control over what they do or say. And everyone will think it’s you! So don’t ever let anyone know your username for the Internet. And don’t share your passwords with anyone except your parents.
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真题感悟
Take good care of your private information. Never tell an online stranger where you live. Your address can make it much easier for bad people to find you. Your phone number is another important piece of personal information. Once it’s out online, it can bring you a lot of trouble. Many online cheatings are carried out with the help of people’s phone numbers. Your parents’ names are also private information. It is risky if they are let out online.
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02
真题感悟
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真题感悟
【答案】1．websites 2．private information 3．teachers’ suggestions 4．username 5．parents’ names
【分析】本文是主要介绍了一些在上网时需要注意的事情。
1．根据“Not all websites are safe for students”可知，本段主要围绕“网址”介绍需要注意的事情，故填websites。
2．根据“Take good care of your private information”可知，保护好私人信息，故填private information。
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真题感悟
3．根据“And you can also visit the websites your teachers suggest”可知，可以登录老师建议的这些网址，故填teachers’ suggestions。
4．根据“ So don’t ever let anyone know your username for the Internet”可知，不要让任何人知道自己的用户名，故填username。
5．根据“Your parents’ names are also private information”可知，父母的姓名也是私人信息，故填parents’ names。
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真题感悟 （二）补全句子
（2023·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）“It can’t be done.” Boyan Slat heard this over and over when he first suggested a way to clean up millions of tons of plastic polluting our oceans.
Slat was on a diving（潜水）trip in Greece three years ago when he was troubled by plastic. “There were more plastic bags than fishes,” he says. “That moment I realized it was a huge problem and that environmental problems are really the biggest problems we will face.”
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真题感悟
That fall, Slat, then 17, decided to study plastic pollution as part of a high school project. Soon, Slat learned that no one had yet thought of useful ways to clean up all the rubbish. Most people wanted to “fish” up the plastic using ships with nets—which might need more than 1,000 years, cost too much, and leave sea life along with the rubbish.
Slat decided to avoid these problems: a solar-powered system（太阳能系统）using a moving plastic tube（管）which will go around the rubbish and collect it. Wind and waves will push the rubbish to the tube. A ship will pick up the rubbish and take it back to the land.
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真题感悟
Slat organized a team of volunteers for the Ocean Cleanup, which has about 100 members.
Over the next three to four years, Slat will continue to test whether his project is good enough or not.
Use words with proper meanings and grammatical rules to fill in the blanks. (Only one word for one blank.)
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真题感悟
6．Slat first suggested cleaning up millions of tons of _____ to stop_______the ocean.
7．When Slat was diving in Greece, he found there were_______ fishes_______plastic bags.
8．“Fishing” up the plastic might need a _______time and_______too much.
9．Slat hoped the rubbish would be pushed to the tube by _______and_______ .
10．It will _______Slat and his team over three to four years to test _______ his project is good enough or not.
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真题感悟
【答案】6． plastic/plastics polluting 7． fewer than 8． long cost 9． wind/waves waves/wind 10． take whether
【导语】本文主要叙述了博扬·斯莱特成立了“海洋清理”组织来清理海洋垃圾的故事。
6．根据“Boyan Slat heard this over and over when he first suggested a way to clean up millions of tons of plastic polluting our oceans.”可知，博扬·斯莱特第一次提出一种清理海洋的数百万吨塑料来阻止污染海洋。“塑料”可用plastic或plastics来表示，动词短语stop doing sth意为“阻止做某事”，“污染”是动词pollute，其动名词为polluting。故填plastic/plastics；polluting。
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真题感悟
7．根据“Slat was on a diving（潜水）trip in Greece three years ago when he was troubled by plastic. ‘There were more plastic bags than fishes,’ he says.”可知，三年前，斯莱特在希腊潜水时，受到了塑料的困扰。“塑料袋比鱼还多，”他说。说明鱼比塑料少，应用fewer…than表示“比……更少”。故填fewer；than。
8．根据“Most people wanted to ‘fish’ up the plastic using ships with nets—which might need more than 1,000 years, cost too much, and leave sea life along with the rubbish.”可知，大多数人想用带网的船来“打捞”塑料，这可能需要1000多年的时间，成本太高，并留下海洋生物和垃圾。说明“打捞”塑料可能需要很长时间，而且成本太高。应用形容词long“长的”修饰名词time，情态动词might后接动词原形，因此应用动词cost的原形来表示“花费（金钱）”。故填long；cost。
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真题感悟
9．根据“Wind and waves will push the rubbish to the tube.”可知，风和浪会把垃圾推到管子里。故填wind/waves；waves/wind。
10．根据“Over the next three to four years, Slat will continue to test whether his project is good enough or not.”可知，在接下来的三到四年里，斯莱特将继续测试他的项目是否足够好。根据“It will”可知此处应用动词原形take来表示“花费（时间）”，根据“or not”可知第二空应填入whether。故填take；whether。
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真题感悟 (三）补全短文
（2022·山西·统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词，每空一词。
China impresses the world in the year 2022. In the past months, we have seen several important events that showed the world a strong China. Here we take a look back at them.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games closed on February 20. Themed “Together for a Shared Future”, the Games drew attention of the world successfully. Athletes (运动员)
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真题感悟
competed bravely on the ice and snow, achieving their dreams. They encouraged people around the world with their spirits. Behind stage, Chinese food and culture impressed international athletes. Many shared photos and videos of their life on social media, telling Chinese stories to the world. Beijing 2022 gave the world a window on China.
While Beijing 2022 reflects rich Chinese culture, the great progress in science and technology shows the ability to innovate (创新). On April 16, China welcomed three heroic astronauts home. After flying around Earth for six months, they came back home safely.
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真题感悟
During the stay in space, they gave lively science lessons from the Tiangong space station. That made millions of children fall in love with space science. What’s more, on June 5, the Shenzhou XIV spacecraft rose into space and another three astronauts were sent into the space station. They will make a further step in the exploration (探索) of space.
All these great achievements show the power of China. We’re proud of our country. We strongly believe that China will surely move forward to an even brighter future.
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真题感悟
完成短文
China impresses the world in the year 2022. And the world sees a 11 China. Beijing held the 2022 Winter Olympic Games successfully. Athletes competed bravely and 12 people around the world. Besides, they told Chinese stories on social media. That let the world know more about Chinese food and 13 . China also keeps innovating in science and technology. On April 16, three heroic astronauts returned home 14 . The lively lessons they gave from space rose children’s interest in space science. With the Shenzhou XIV rising into space on June 5, China will continue with a further space exploration. As Chinese, we feel 15 of our country for all these great achievements. We believe China will have an even brighter future.
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真题感悟
【答案】11．strong 12．encouraged 13．culture 14．safely 15．proud
【导语】本文向我们展示了中国近期实现的伟大成就，显示了中国的力量。
11．根据“In the past months, we have seen several important events that showed the world a strong China.”可知，在过去的几个月里，我们看到了一些向世界展示中国强大的重要事件。故填strong。
12．根据“They encouraged people around the world with their spirits.”可知，他们用自己的精神鼓励世界各地的人们。故填encouraged。
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真题感悟
13．根据“Behind stage, Chinese food and culture impressed international athletes.”可知，中国的饮食和文化给国际运动员留下了深刻的印象。故填culture。
14．根据“After flying around Earth for six months, they came back home safely.”可知，在绕地球飞行了六个月之后，他们安全回到了家。故填safely。
15．根据“We’re proud of our country.”可知，我们为我们的国家感到骄傲。故填proud。
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真题感悟 （四）多任务混合
（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）In the coastal city of Laguna in Brazil, there is a special fishing team. (A) ________ is made up of fishermen and dolphins (海豚)! They cooperate (合作) to catch fish.
Mauricio Cantor from Oregon State University, US, studied this relationship. As he told Science News Explores, (B) they started to work as a team more than 100 years ago.
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真题感悟
“The dolphins are really good at finding fish in dirty water and driving them to the coast,” Cantor said. “The fishermen are really good at catching the fish with their nets.” Once the fish are caught in the nets, dolphins can move in and get some for themselves. ①
Cantor’s study described how fishermen and dolphins give cues (信号) to each other during fishing. When dolphins find fish, they drive them to the coast. After that, they arch (拱起) their backs in front of the fishermen to tell them to get nets ready. ② Fishermen may wait for a long time (C) 如果他们失去最好的机会. Therefore, they should be well-trained to understand the cues from dolphins.
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真题感悟
The study found that fishermen are 17 times more likely (可能的) to catch fish by working with dolphins. ③ At the same time, cooperative dolphins have 13 % higher survival rates (生存率) (D) ________ other dolphins.
Human-animal partnerships have been uncommon throughout history. But they give us an idea of how positive our human cooperation can be with nature.
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真题感悟
16．在文中(A)和(D)的空白处填入适当的单词：________ ；_________
17．将文中画线部分(B)改写为：they started to work _________ more than a _________ago.
18．将文中画线部分(C)译成英语：_________
19．将 “Fishermen will then throw the nets right away.” 填入文中，①②③三处中最佳的位置是：_________
20．从文中找出海豚擅长做的两件事： _________ ； _________
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真题感悟
【答案】16． It than 17． together/cooperatively century
18．if they lose the/their best chance/opportunity 19．②
20． finding fish (in dirty water) driving them/fish (to the coast)
【导语】本文主要介绍了渔民和海豚合作捕鱼的事情。
16．根据“In the coastal city of Laguna in Brazil, there is a special fishing team. (A) ... is made up of fishermen and dolphins!”可知(A)处用it指代上文提到过的特殊捕鱼队，句子开头首字母大写；根据“At the same time, cooperative dolphins have 13 % higher survival rates (D) ... other dolphins.”可知是合作的海豚存活率比其他海豚高，形成对比，用than表示“比”。故填It；than。
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真题感悟
17．根据“they started to work as a team more than 100 years ago”可知是开始一起工作，as a team可用together或cooperatively替换；100年是一个世纪，a后接名词century表示“世纪”。故填together/cooperatively；century。
18．“如果”if；“他们”they；“失去最后的机会”lose the/their best chance/opportunity。根据上下文可知用一般现在时。故填if they lose the/their best chance/opportunity。
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02
真题感悟
19．“Fishermen will then throw the nets right away.”意为“渔民们会立刻把网扔掉”，结合“After that, they arch their backs in front of the fishermen to tell them to get nets ready.”可知渔民收到海豚发出的信号后会及时撒网捕鱼。故填②。
20．根据“When dolphins find fish, they drive them to the coast.”可知海豚擅长找到鱼和驱赶鱼。故填finding fish (in dirty water)；driving them/fish (to the coast)。
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