资源简介 (共36张PPT)名词一、名词的数1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。单数=1 a book前有限定词(1)冠词:a/an/the 语法填空:a/an + adj. +单数n.(2)代词:that/this/every/each(3)名词所有格:Lihua’s book(4)形容词性物主代词:my book(5)基数词1:one book(6)固定搭配:have a look/seat复数>1 two pens(1)a number of/many/quite a few/few/a few/several/these/those/both/all+复数n.(2)>1的基数词:two bookshundreds/thousands/millions/billions of +复数n.(3)one of (+ the +adj.最高级)+复数n.(4)固定搭配:have problems doing sth.; make mistakes in...; make plans to do sth.(5)结合上下文语境The ________(student) in the school have to do morning exercisesstudents可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watchesbrush---brushes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities(4)黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-livesknife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves注意:特殊词类(1) 有些词本身就是复数名词 people(人们) police(警察)脚 foot---feet牙齿 tooth---teeth人;男人 man---menEnglishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士女人 woman---women老鼠 mouse---mice孩子 child---children胃 stomach---stomachs鹿 deer---deer鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)绵羊 sheep---sheep中国人 Chinese---Chinese日本人 Japanese---Japanese家人 family---family family---families(家庭)a person a policeman/policewoman(2)(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词人类:human----humans/human beingspeople作可数名词,意为“民族”(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。中国人 a Chinese---Chinese英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen德国人 a German---Germans2. 不可数名词(液体类/肉类/抽象类/数不清类/学科类/自然气象类)注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数Water is important for us.常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)不可数名词前不+a/an;后不+s(1)表示不可数名词的量: a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle ofa piece of paper two pieces of paper(2)修饰不可数名词的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough(3)不可数名词具体化spend a happy/meaningful time live a happy/hard lifea strong/heavy rain/snow/wind win a great success有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同单词 可数名词 不可数名词room 房子 空间chicken 小鸡 鸡肉work 著作、作品 工作orange 橙子 橙汁paper 试卷、论文 纸wood (woods)森林 木头time 次数、回、倍数 时间experience 经历 经验glass 玻璃杯 玻璃light 光 灯exercise 操;练习(题) do morning exercises; do eye exercises; do math exercises 锻炼、运动fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉space练一练 变复数a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________Frenchman____________ American _______________1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________7. fish__________ 8. sheep____________ 9. monkey___________10. stomach_______ 11. guy_____________ 12. hand____________13. baby__________ 14. man____________ 15. policeman__________16. thief___________ 17. child____________ 18. kid__________19. student_________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy___________22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat____________a girl student --- two girl studentsa man doctor --- two men doctors a woman teacher---two women teachersn.1 +n.2 n.1作定语修饰n.2,变复数只变n.2,但man和woman除外25. flower____________ 26. person___________ 27. foot_____________28. toy_____________ 29. movie___________ 30. ear______________31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch______________41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach_____________44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________62.ability___________ 63. memory_________二、名词的所有格构成 举例一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather城市的天气the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具Beijing’s street 北京的街以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室the students’ books 学生的们书两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother玛丽和琳达的母亲如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲(1)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉; at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所at the barber’s 在理发店at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家1. -’s所有格:职业名词+’s,“工作的地方”;称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,“居住地,......的家”(2)上下文避免重复(名词所有格后的名词会省略掉)(人或物的所有和所属关系)You look so pale, so you need to go to the doctor’sI want to get my hair cut. I will go to the barber’s this afternoon.I can’t go to the movies with you tonight. I am going to my uncle’sMy toy car is expensive. How about your sister’s today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 one pound’s weight 1磅的重量ten dollars’ worth 10美元的价值 five minutes’ walk 5分钟的路程ten miles’ journey 10英里的路程 two days’ trip 两天的旅行a two days’ trip = a two-day tripa two hours’ test = a two-hours testa three months’ holiday = a three-month holidaythe surface of the earth the cover of the booka map of China the top of the mountainthe capital of China the leg of the table特殊的一对一配对的名词所有格:钥匙答案桥与路,出入口都用tothe key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to the question 问题的答案the way to success 成功之路the bridge to the river 通往河边的桥the exit to the supermarket 超市入口the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口(从后往前翻译)3. 双重所有格a book of my mother (这是)我妈妈的一本书a book of my mother’s 我妈妈的(其中)一本书a picture of my sister 我姐姐的一张照片(照片是本人)a picture of my sister’s 我姐姐的一张照片(只是众多照片中的一张,照片不一定是本人)(强调整体的一部分)名词+ of +名词性物主代词名词+ of + ’s所有格a friend of me (这是)我的朋友a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(众多中的一个)三、名词的词性转换(采用构词法)名词后缀 例词adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---realityact---activity responsible---responsibility possible---possibility-ce important---importance different---differencesilent---silence confident---confidence-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---windnoisy---noise difficult---difficulty rainy---rain-al traditional---tradition national---nation natural---naturepersonal---person cultural---culture environmental---environmentn.(sth.→n. (sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---artistscience---scientist tour---tourist-an/ian/ean America---American history---historianmagic---magician music---musician Europe---Europeanv.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvementmove---movement agree---agreementargue---argument excite---excitement-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---drivereducate---educator act---actor visit---visitor-ion/sion/ tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussionact---action express---expression-ing run---running swim---swimming feel---feeling build---building课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具explain→explanation 解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision 决定discuss→discussion 讨论 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落energrtic→energy 精力;活力 encourage→courage 勇气fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge 知识compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者 honest---honesty 诚实laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活think→thought 思想;想法 sit→seat 座位 proud→pride 骄傲perform→performance/performer 表演;演员 sell→sale 售卖prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure 压力serve→service 接待;服务 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快succeed→success 成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量) safe→safety 安全weekly→week 周 high→height 高度 central→center 中心;中央mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 foolish→fool 傻瓜office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west//south/north 东/西/南/北/方Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Many _______(hero) have set good examples for us to follow. (2017 甘肃兰州)2. My parents are _________(German), but they need to live and work in England. (2017 贵州黔南州)3. Look! So many _______(girl) students are enjoying themselves on the playground. (2018 贵州安顺)heroesGermans girl 4. Would you like to eat some _______(orange) or drink some _______(orange) juice 5. How much _______(sugar) did you put in your coffee 6. This supermarket has 700 free parking _______(space). But now there is no _______(space) for the car.7. We have a 7-_______(day) holiday. We want to stay at home to relax.orangesorange sugarspacesspace day Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. The _______ faces were a sight, covered with dust. (boy) (2017江苏扬州)2. _________(teacher) Day is coming. I will get my Chinese, math, English _________(teacher) some flowers.3. This is _______________(Tom and Jack) bedroom. It's tidy and nice. boys'Teachers'teachers Tom and Jack's 4. ________________(Lucy and Lily) mothers didn't come to this meeting, because they had an more important meeting. 5. The station is about two _______(hour) walk from my home. Lucy's and Lily's hours'1. —Excuse me, ________ is this T-shirt —It’s 88 yuan. (2019北京)A. how much B. how manyC. how long D. how oldA2. Hurry up! Some ________ and _______ are on sale in the supermarket. (2019四川凉山)A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; eggC. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggsC3. Tim got four _______ from his relatives on Children’s Day. (2019黑龙江哈尔滨)A. toy B. toys C. toiesB4. — Look! They are ______.— Yes. We are proud of them. (2019甘肃天水)A. man scientist B. women scientistsC. woman scientists D. man scientistsB5. ________ room looks very clean. (2019湖南怀化)A. Bob and Dave’s B. Bob’s and Dave’sC. Bob’s and DaveA6. We should brush our ______ every day. (2019湖南岳阳)A. tooth B. teeth C. handB7. — Keep quiet! I need complete_______ when I’m working.—Sorry, dad. I won’t make any noise again. (2019江苏苏州)A. trust B. silenceC. control D. strengthB8. Upstairs are ______ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But ______ are in a mess. (2019四川眉山)A. Lily’s and Lucy’s; ourB. Lily’s and Lucy’s; oursC. Lily’s and Lucy; oursD. Lily and Lucy’s; ourB9. You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. (2019安徽)A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. abilityB10. —What else do we need to make cold beef?— _________. (2019四川自贡)A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of saltsC. Two spoons of saltC11. The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger. (2019 江苏盐城)A. cultures B. customers C. products D. historiesC名词专题名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类专有名词(大写首字母)单数名词名词 普通名词 可数名词 规则变化复数名词不可数名词 不规则变化专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、月份、星期、节日等特有的名称。(首字母大写的名词)。普通名词:数/格/词性转换/词义语法填空 阅读完型一、名词的数1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。单数=1 a book 前有限定词(1)冠词:a/an/the ( 语法填空:a/an + adj. +单数n.)(2)代词:that/this/every/each(3)名词所有格:Lihua’s book(4)形容词性物主代词:my book(5)基数词1:one book(6)固定搭配:have a look/seat复数>1 two pens(1)a number of/many/quite a few/few/a few/several/these/those/both/all+复数n.(2)>1的基数词:two bookshundreds/thousands/millions/billions of +复数n.(3)one of (+ the +adj.最高级)+复数n.(4)固定搭配:have problems doing sth.; make mistakes in...; make plans to do sth.(5)结合上下文语境The students (student) in the school have to do morning exercises可数名词单数变复数的规则一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watchesbrush---brushes以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-livesknife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves注意:特殊词类有些词本身就是复数名词people(人们) police(警察)cattle(牛)a person a policeman/policewoman a head of cattlepeople作可数名词,意为“民族”(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词(人类:human----humans/ human beings)脚 foot---feet牙齿 tooth---teeth人;男人 man---men Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员 fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士女人 woman---women老鼠 mouse---mice孩子 child---children胃 stomach---stomachs鹿 deer---deer鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)绵羊 sheep---sheep中国人 Chinese---Chinese日本人 Japanese---Japanese家人 family---family family---families(家庭)鹅 goose---geese公牛 ox---oxen(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。中国人 a Chinese---Chinese英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen德国人 a German---Germans2.不可数名词(液体类/肉类/抽象类/数不清类/学科类/自然气象类)常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数Water is important for us.(1)表示不可数名词的量: a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle ofa piece of paper two pieces of paper(2)修饰un.的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.(3)不可数名词具体化spend a happy/meaningful time live a happy/hard lifea strong/heavy rain/snow/wind win a great success同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同单词 可数名词 不可数名词room 房子 空间chicken 小鸡 鸡肉work 著作、作品 工作orange 橙子 橙汁paper 试卷、论文 纸wood (woods )森林 木头time 次数、回、倍数 时间experience 经历 经验glass 玻璃杯 玻璃light 光 灯exercise 操;练习(题)do morning exercisesdo eye exercisesdo math exercises 锻炼、运动fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉二、名词的所有格(人或物的所有和所属关系)1. -’s所有格:构成 举例一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather 城市的天气the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具Beijing’s street 北京的街以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室the students’ books 学生们的书两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother 玛丽和琳达的母亲如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲(名词所有格后的名词会省略掉)(1)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉(职业名词+’s,“工作的地方”;称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,“居住地,......的家”)(2)上下文避免重复也会省略 at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所at the barber’s 在理发店at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家I am going to my uncle’s.I am going to the Smith’s.Li Hua went to the teacher’ to hand in homework.Li Hua is seriously ill. He needs go to the doctor’sLi Hua wants to get his hair cut. He may be at the barber’.My toy car is expensive. How about your sister’s.today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 one pound’s weight 1磅的重量ten dollars’ worth 10美元的价值 five minutes’ walk 5分钟的路程ten miles’ journey 10英里的路程 two days’ trip 两天的旅行a two days’ trip = a two-day tripa two hours’ test = a two-hours testa three months’ holiday = a three-month holiday2. of所有格: n.1+ of +n.2 (从后往前翻译)(中心词) (中心词属于谁)the surface of the earth the cover of the book a map of Chinathe top of mountain the capital of China the leg of the table特殊的一对一配对的名词所有格:钥匙答案桥与路,出入口都用tothe key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to the question 问题的答案the bridge to the river 通往河边的桥the way to success 成功之路the exit to the supermarket 超市入口the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口双重所有格(强调整体的一部分)名词+ of + ’s所有格; 名词+ of +名词性物主代词a book of my mother (这是)我妈妈的一本书a book of my mother’s 我妈妈的(其中)一本书a picture of my sister 我姐姐的一张照片(照片是本人)a picture of my sister’s 我姐姐的一张照片(只是众多照片中的一张,照片不一定是本人)a friend of me (这是)我的朋友a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(众多中的一个)注意:双重所有格的名词和4个指示代词连用时,往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感彩,并不表示“部分”的意思。That little son of your uncle’s is really a dear. 你叔叔的小儿子真惹人怜爱。名词的词性转换(采用构词法)名词后缀 例词adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---realityresponsible---responsibility possible---possibilityact---activity-ce important---importance different---differencesilent---silence confident---confidence-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---windrainy---rain noisy---noise difficult---difficulty-al traditional---tradition national---nation natural---nature personal---person cultural---culture environmental---environmentn.(sth.→n.(sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---artistscience---scientist tour---tourist-an/ian/ean America---American history---historianmagic---magician music---musician Europe---Europeanv.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvementmove---movement agree---agreementargue---argument excite---excitement-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---drivereducate---educator act---actor visit---visitor-ion/sion/tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussionact---action express---expression-ing run---running read---reading swim---swimmingfeel---feeling shop---shopping build---building课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具explain→explanation解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision决定 discuss→discussion 讨论 central→center 中心;中央sell→sale 售卖 encourage→courage 勇气fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge知识laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活think→thought 思想;想法 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落perform→performance表演;表现 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure压力serve→service 接待;服务 sit→seat 座位succeed→success成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量)safe→safety 安全 weekly→week 周high→height 高度 energetic→energy 精力;活力mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 foolish→fool 傻瓜compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者 honest---honesty 诚实office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west/north/south 东/西/南/北/方proud→pride 骄傲n.1 +n.2 n.1作定语修饰n.2,变复数只变n.2,但man和woman除外a girl student --- two girl studentsa man doctor --- two men doctors a woman teacher---two women teachers练一练 变复数a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________Frenchman____________ American _______________1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________7. fish__________ 8. sheep_____________ 9. monkey___________10. stomach_______ 11. guy_______________ 12. hand____________13. baby__________ 14. man______________ 15. policeman__________16. thief___________ 17. child______________ 18. kid__________19. student___________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy_______________ 22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat_______________25. flower____________ 26. person_____________ 27. foot_____________28. toy_____________ 29. movie______________ 30. ear_______________31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch________________41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach______________44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________62.ability___________ 63. memory_________月份表月份 缩写January 一月 Jan. spring(春季)February 二月 Feb.March 三月 Mar.April 四月 Apr. summer(夏季)May 五月 May.June 六月 Jun.July 七月 Jul. autumn(秋季)August 八月 Aug.September 九月 Sep.October 十月 Oct. winter(冬季)November 十一月 Nov.December 十二月 Dem.前面的时间介词用in记忆口诀:健步(一月Jan)如飞(二月Fe);三八妇女节(三月Mar);四月吃苹果(Ap);五月劳动节,劳动人民最美丽(May);六一儿童节,孩子聚(Ju)在一起;七月寒假来了(ly);8月是秋季(au);九月(9像S);9+1=(1)O;十一月的N是11;十二月的D像12.一周表(week)星期星期一 Monday weekday(s)星期二 Tuesday星期三 Wednesday星期四 Thursday星期五 Friday星期六 Saturday weekend(s)星期日 Sunday前面的时间介词用inon the weekend=on the weekends 在周末附表节日名称部分国家、重要组织机构名称缩写CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党PLA (People's Liberation Army) 人民解放军PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国UN(United Nations) 联合国UNESCO (United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织部分重要节日名称、中国文化专有名词节日Children's Day儿童节 Double Ninth Festival重阳节Dragon Boat Festival端午节√ Labour Day 劳动节Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节√ Lantern Festival 元宵节National Day 国庆节 New Year's Day元旦√PLA Day 建军节 Spring Festival春节 (Chinese New Year) √Teachers’ Day 教师节√ Tomb-sweeping Day清明节Women's Day 妇女节√地名景点Mount Huangshan 黄山 Mount Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰Mount Taishan 泰山 The Changjiang River (The Yangtze River) 长 江The Great Wall 长城 The Palace Museum故宫The Yellow River 黄河 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场其他专有名词hot pot火锅 lunar calendar 阴历 mooncake 月饼 paper-cut 剪纸 qipao旗袍 The Silk Road 丝绸之路Spring Festival couplets 春联 spring roll 春卷Beijing opera ( Peking opera)京剧 Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 中医名词专题名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类专有名词(大写首字母)单数名词名词 普通名词 可数名词 规则变化复数名词不可数名词 不规则变化专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、月份、星期、节日等特有的名称。(首字母大写的名词)。普通名词:数/格/词性转换/词义语法填空 阅读完型一、名词的数1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。单数=1 a book(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)复数>1。如:two pens(1)(2)(3)固定搭配:(5)可数名词单数变复数的规则一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watchesbrush---brushes以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-livesknife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves注意:特殊词类有些词本身就是复数名词people(人们) police(警察)(2)(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词脚 foot---feet牙齿 tooth---teeth人;男人 man---men Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员 fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士女人 woman---women老鼠 mouse---mice孩子 child---children胃 stomach---stomachs鹿 deer---deer鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)绵羊 sheep---sheep中国人 Chinese---Chinese日本人 Japanese---Japanese家人 family---family family---families(家庭)(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。中国人 a Chinese---Chinese英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen德国人 a German---Germans2.不可数名词常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数(1)表示不可数名词的量:a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle ofa piece of paper two pieces of paper(2)修饰un.的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同单词 可数名词 不可数名词room 房子 空间chicken 小鸡 鸡肉work 著作、作品 工作orange 橙子 橙汁paper 试卷、论文 纸wood (woods )森林 木头time 次数、回、倍数 时间experience 经历 经验glass 玻璃杯 玻璃light 光 灯exercise 操;练习(题) 锻炼、运动fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉二、名词的所有格(人或物的所有和所属关系)1. -’s所有格:构成 举例一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather 城市的天气the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具Beijing’s street 北京的街以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室the students’ books 学生的书两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother 玛丽和琳达的母亲如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉(职业名词+’s,工作的地方;称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,居住地,......的家)(避免重复也会省略) at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所at the barber’s 在理发店at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家所有格: n.1+ of +n.2 (从后往前翻译)(在中心词) (中心词属于谁)the surface of the earth the cover of the book a map of Chinathe top of mountain the capital of China the leg of the table双重所有格(强调整体的一部分)名词+ of + ’s所有格; 名词+ of +名词性物主代词名词的词性转换(采用构词法)名词后缀 例词adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---realityresponsible---responsibility possible→possibilityact---activity-ce important---importance different---differencesilent---silence confident---confidence-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---windrainy---rain noisy---noise difficult---difficulty-al traditional---tradition national---nation Natural---nature personal---person cultural---culture environmental---environmentn.(sth.→n.(sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---artistscience---scientist tour→tourist-an/ian/ean America---American history→historianmagic→magician music→musician Europe→Europeanv.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvementmove---movement agree---agreementargue---argument excite---excitement-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---drivereducate---educator act---actor visit---visitor-ion/sion/tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussionact---action express---expression-ing run---running read---reading swim---swimmingfeel---feeling shop---shopping build---building课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具explain→explanation解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision决定 discuss→discussion 讨论 central→center 中心;中央sell→sale 售卖 encourage→courage 勇气fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge知识laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活think→thought 思想;想法 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落perform→performance表演;表现 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure压力serve→service 接待;服务 sit→seat 座位succeed→success成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量)safe→safety 安全 weekly→week 周high→height 高度 energetic→energy 精力;活力mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 honest---honesty 诚实compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west/north/south 东/西/南/北/方proud→pride 骄傲练一练 变复数Frenchman____________ American _______________a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________7. fish__________ 8. sheep_____________ 9. monkey___________10. stomach_______ 11. guy_______________ 12. hand____________13. baby__________ 14. man______________ 15. policeman__________16. thief___________ 17. child______________ 18. kid__________19. student___________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy_______________ 22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat_______________25. flower____________ 26. person_____________ 27. foot_____________28. toy_____________ 29. movie______________ 30. ear_______________31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch________________41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach______________44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________62.ability___________ 63. memory_________月份表月份 缩写January 一月 Jan. spring(春季)February 二月 Feb.March 三月 Mar.April 四月 Apr. summer(夏季)May 五月 May.June 六月 Jun.July 七月 Jul. autumn(秋季)August 八月 Aug.September 九月 Sep.October 十月 Oct. winter(冬季)November 十一月 Nov.December 十二月 Dem.前面的时间介词用in记忆口诀:健步(一月Jan)如飞(二月Fe);三八妇女节(三月Mar);四月吃苹果(Ap);五月劳动节,劳动人民最美丽(May);六一儿童节,孩子聚(Ju)在一起;七月寒假来了(ly);8月是秋季(au);九月(9像S);9+1=(1)O;十一月的N是11;十二月的D像12.一周表(week)星期星期一 Monday weekday(s)星期二 Tuesday星期三 Wednesday星期四 Thursday星期五 Friday星期六 Saturday weekend(s)星期日 Sunday前面的时间介词用inon the weekend=on the weekends 在周末附表节日名称部分国家、重要组织机构名称缩写CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党PLA (People's Liberation Army) 人民解放军PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国UN(United Nations) 联合国UNESCO (United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织部分重要节日名称、中国文化专有名词节日Children's Day儿童节 Double Ninth Festival重阳节Dragon Boat Festival端午节√ Labour Day 劳动节Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节√ Lantern Festival 元宵节National Day 国庆节 New Year's Day元旦√PLA Day 建军节 Spring Festival春节 (Chinese New Year) √Teachers’ Day 教师节√ Tomb-sweeping Day清明节Women's Day 妇女节√地名景点Mount Huangshan 黄山 Mount Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰Mount Taishan 泰山 The Changjiang River (The Yangtze River) 长 江The Great Wall 长城 The Palace Museum故宫The Yellow River 黄河 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场其他专有名词hot pot火锅 lunar calendar 阴历 mooncake 月饼 paper-cut 剪纸 qipao旗袍 The Silk Road 丝绸之路Spring Festival couplets 春联 spring roll 春卷Beijing opera ( Peking opera)京剧 Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 中医写出下列单词的名词和词义advise________ _____ behave behavior _____organize________ _____ think________ _____die________ _____ weigh________ _____explain explanation _____ examine________ _____fail failure _____ know________ _____laugh________ _____ marry marriage _____prefer preference _____ press________ _____serve________ _____ sit________ _____choose________ _____ decide________ _____foreign________ _____ village________ _____high________ _____ hot________ _____angry________ _____ friendship/friendly________ _____neighbor________ _____ beautiful________ _____weekly________ _____ central________ _____safe→safety 安全 voluntary________ _____please________ _____ lose loss ______perform________________ _____ talented________ _____succeed________ _____ discover________ _____wooden________ _____ childhood________ _____hungry________ _____ grow________ _____southern________ _____ bleed________ _____warm________ _____ transport________ _____bear/born_______ _____ cook________ _____true________ _____ breathe________ _____prepare________ _____ invite________ _____pronounce________ _____ discuss________ _____sell________ _____ encourage________ _____know________ _____compete_________________ _____________根据中文写出单词或短语鸡肉______________ 空间_______________我的家人们______________ 5个女护士______________5片面包______________ 3杯水______________做早操______________ 做物理练习______________有用的经验______________ 许多快乐的经历______________5条鱼______________ 10户人家______________一群女警察______________ 许多人______________一群孩子______________ 内江的人口______________成都的机场______________ 5个小时的锻炼______________其中最聪明的女孩之一_____________________大量的玩具______________ 8条有用的建议___________________一段有意义的时光________________很多有趣的经历___________________ 丰富的经验_______________按要求写出下列单词read__________(n.) run__________(n.)use__________(adj.) __________(adj.)develop__________(n.) improve__________(n.)help__________(adj.) __________(adj.)meaning__________(adj.) __________(adj.)educate_________(n.) __________(n.)nature__________(adj.) tradition__________(adj.)nation__________(adj.) health__________(adj.)happy__________(n.) kind__________(n.)act__________(n.)__________(n.)tour__________(n.) excite__________(n.)surprised__________(n.) America___________(n./adj.)China__________(n./adj.) different__________(n.)说出可数名词单数变复数的规则默写星期一---星期天_________ _________ _________ __________________ _________ _________工作日_________ 周末_________ 周_________根据中文写出英文1月1日 _______________________在2024年1月1日 _______________________12月24日 _______________________4月4日 _______________________7月1日 _______________________3月12日 _______________________2月24日 _______________________3月8日 _______________________10月11日 _______________________4月1日 _______________________5月1日 _______________________11月28日 _______________________6月10日 _______________________8月1日 _______________________9月10日 _______________________10月1日 _______________________6月1日 _______________________12月25日 _______________________中国人_______________________美国人_______________________ 美国文化_______________________纽约_______________________德国人_______________________亚洲_______________________澳大利亚人_______________________俄罗斯人_______________________法国_______________________ 法语_______________________英国_______________________春节_______________________(万里)长城_______________________阴历_______________________ 故宫_______________________端午节_______________________ 妇女节_______________________儿童节_______________________ 中秋节_______________________重阳节_______________________ 劳动节_______________________清明节_______________________ 国庆节_______________________黄河_______________________ 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 名词中考复习课件.pptx 名词知识 学生版.doc 名词知识 教师版.doc 默写过关 (普通名词).doc 默写过关(专有名词).doc