2024届中考英语名词中考复习课件(共36张PPT+学案+素材)

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2024届中考英语名词中考复习课件(共36张PPT+学案+素材)

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(共36张PPT)
名词
一、名词的数
1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。
单数=1 a book
前有限定词
(1)冠词:a/an/the 语法填空:a/an + adj. +单数n.
(2)代词:that/this/every/each
(3)名词所有格:Lihua’s book
(4)形容词性物主代词:my book
(5)基数词1:one book
(6)固定搭配:have a look/seat
复数>1 two pens
(1)a number of/many/quite a few/few/a few/several/these/those/
both/all+复数n.
(2)>1的基数词:two books
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of +复数n.
(3)one of (+ the +adj.最高级)+复数n.
(4)固定搭配:have problems doing sth.; make mistakes in...; make plans to do sth.
(5)结合上下文语境
The ________(student) in the school have to do morning exercises
students
可数名词单数变复数的规则
(1)一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watches
brush---brushes
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities
(4)黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;
(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes
(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;
thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-lives
knife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves
围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves
注意:特殊词类
(1) 有些词本身就是复数名词 people(人们) police(警察)
脚 foot---feet
牙齿 tooth---teeth
人;男人 man---men
Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员
fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士
女人 woman---women
老鼠 mouse---mice
孩子 child---children
胃 stomach---stomachs
鹿 deer---deer
鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)
绵羊 sheep---sheep
中国人 Chinese---Chinese
日本人 Japanese---Japanese
家人 family---family family---families(家庭)
a person a policeman/policewoman
(2)(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词
人类:human----humans/human beings
people作可数名词,意为“民族”
(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。
中国人 a Chinese---Chinese
英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen
德国人 a German---Germans
2. 不可数名词
(液体类/肉类/抽象类/数不清类/学科类/自然气象类)
注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数
Water is important for us.
常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)
不可数名词前不+a/an;后不+s
(1)表示不可数名词的量: a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.
a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle of
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
(2)修饰不可数名词的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.
同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough
(3)不可数名词具体化
spend a happy/meaningful time live a happy/hard life
a strong/heavy rain/snow/wind win a great success
有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同
单词 可数名词 不可数名词
room 房子 空间
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
work 著作、作品 工作
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 试卷、论文 纸
wood (woods)森林 木头
time 次数、回、倍数 时间
experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
light 光 灯
exercise 操;练习(题) do morning exercises; do eye exercises; do math exercises 锻炼、运动
fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉
space
练一练 变复数
a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________
Frenchman____________ American _______________
1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________
4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________
7. fish__________ 8. sheep____________ 9. monkey___________
10. stomach_______ 11. guy_____________ 12. hand____________
13. baby__________ 14. man____________ 15. policeman__________
16. thief___________ 17. child____________ 18. kid__________
19. student_________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy___________
22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat____________
a girl student --- two girl students
a man doctor --- two men doctors a woman teacher---two women teachers
n.1 +n.2 n.1作定语修饰n.2,变复数只变n.2,但man和woman除外
25. flower____________ 26. person___________ 27. foot_____________
28. toy_____________ 29. movie___________ 30. ear______________
31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________
34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________
38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch______________
41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach_____________
44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________
47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________
50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________
53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________
edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________
59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________
62.ability___________ 63. memory_________
二、名词的所有格
构成 举例
一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather城市的天气
the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具
Beijing’s street 北京的街
以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室
the students’ books 学生的们书
两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother
玛丽和琳达的母亲
如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers
汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲
(1)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉; at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所
at the barber’s 在理发店
at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家
1. -’s所有格:
职业名词+’s,“工作的地方”;
称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,“居住地,......的家”
(2)上下文避免重复
(名词所有格后的名词会省略掉)
(人或物的所有和所属关系)
You look so pale, so you need to go to the doctor’s
I want to get my hair cut. I will go to the barber’s this afternoon.
I can’t go to the movies with you tonight. I am going to my uncle’s
My toy car is expensive. How about your sister’s
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 one pound’s weight 1磅的重量
ten dollars’ worth 10美元的价值 five minutes’ walk 5分钟的路程
ten miles’ journey 10英里的路程 two days’ trip 两天的旅行
a two days’ trip = a two-day trip
a two hours’ test = a two-hours test
a three months’ holiday = a three-month holiday
the surface of the earth the cover of the book
a map of China the top of the mountain
the capital of China the leg of the table
特殊的一对一配对的名词所有格:钥匙答案桥与路,出入口都用to
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the way to success 成功之路
the bridge to the river 通往河边的桥
the exit to the supermarket 超市入口
the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口
(从后往前翻译)
3. 双重所有格
a book of my mother (这是)我妈妈的一本书
a book of my mother’s 我妈妈的(其中)一本书
a picture of my sister 我姐姐的一张照片(照片是本人)
a picture of my sister’s 我姐姐的一张照片(只是众多照片中的一张,照片不一定是本人)
(强调整体的一部分)
名词+ of +名词性物主代词
名词+ of + ’s所有格
a friend of me (这是)我的朋友
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(众多中的一个)
三、名词的词性转换(采用构词法)
名词后缀 例词
adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness
-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---reality
act---activity responsible---responsibility possible---possibility
-ce important---importance different---difference
silent---silence confident---confidence
-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---wind
noisy---noise difficult---difficulty rainy---rain
-al traditional---tradition national---nation natural---nature
personal---person cultural---culture environmental---environment
n.(sth.→n. (sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---arti
stscience---scientist tour---tourist
-an/ian/ean America---American history---historian
magic---magician music---musician Europe---European
v.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvement
move---movement agree---agreement
argue---argument excite---excitement
-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---driver
educate---educator act---actor visit---visitor
-ion/sion/ tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussion
act---action express---expression
-ing run---running swim---swimming feel---feeling build---building
课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)
advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为
choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血
die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长
warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生
true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸
discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具
explain→explanation 解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试
organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备
invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输
pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision 决定
discuss→discussion 讨论 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落
energrtic→energy 精力;活力 encourage→courage 勇气
fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge 知识
compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者 honest---honesty 诚实
laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活
think→thought 思想;想法 sit→seat 座位 proud→pride 骄傲
perform→performance/performer 表演;演员 sell→sale 售卖
prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure 压力
serve→service 接待;服务 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快
succeed→success 成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量
voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽
neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子
wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友
hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气
talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量) safe→safety 安全
weekly→week 周 high→height 高度 central→center 中心;中央
mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 foolish→fool 傻瓜
office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager
官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年
eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west//south/north 东/西/南/北/方
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Many _______(hero) have set good examples for us to follow. (2017 甘肃兰州)
2. My parents are _________(German), but they need to live and work in England. (2017 贵州黔南州)
3. Look! So many _______(girl) students are enjoying themselves on the playground. (2018 贵州安顺)
heroes
Germans
girl
4. Would you like to eat some _______(orange) or drink some _______(orange) juice
5. How much _______(sugar) did you put in your coffee
6. This supermarket has 700 free parking _______(space). But now there is no _______(space) for the car.
7. We have a 7-_______(day) holiday. We want to stay at home to relax.
oranges
orange
sugar
spaces
space
day
Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The _______ faces were a sight, covered with dust. (boy) (2017江苏扬州)
2. _________(teacher) Day is coming. I will get my Chinese, math, English _________(teacher) some flowers.
3. This is _______________(Tom and Jack) bedroom. It's tidy and nice.
boys'
Teachers'
teachers
Tom and Jack's
4. ________________(Lucy and Lily) mothers didn't come to this meeting, because they had an more important meeting.
5. The station is about two _______(hour) walk from my home.
Lucy's and Lily's
hours'
1. —Excuse me, ________ is this T-shirt
—It’s 88 yuan. (2019北京)
A. how much B. how many
C. how long D. how old
A
2. Hurry up! Some ________ and _______ are on sale in the supermarket. (2019四川凉山)
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
C
3. Tim got four _______ from his relatives on Children’s Day. (2019黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. toy B. toys C. toies
B
4. — Look! They are ______.
— Yes. We are proud of them. (2019甘肃天水)
A. man scientist B. women scientists
C. woman scientists D. man scientists
B
5. ________ room looks very clean. (2019湖南怀化)
A. Bob and Dave’s B. Bob’s and Dave’s
C. Bob’s and Dave
A
6. We should brush our ______ every day. (2019湖南岳阳)
A. tooth B. teeth C. hand
B
7. — Keep quiet! I need complete_______ when I’m working.
—Sorry, dad. I won’t make any noise again. (2019江苏苏州)
A. trust B. silence
C. control D. strength
B
8. Upstairs are ______ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But ______ are in a mess. (2019四川眉山)
A. Lily’s and Lucy’s; our
B. Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C. Lily’s and Lucy; ours
D. Lily and Lucy’s; our
B
9. You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. (2019安徽)
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
B
10. —What else do we need to make cold beef?
— _________. (2019四川自贡)
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt
C
11. The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger. (2019 江苏盐城)
A. cultures B. customers C. products D. histories
C名词专题
名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类
专有名词(大写首字母)
单数名词
名词 普通名词 可数名词 规则变化
复数名词
不可数名词 不规则变化
专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、月份、星期、节日等特有的名称。(首字母大写的名词)。
普通名词:数/格/词性转换/词义
语法填空 阅读完型
一、名词的数
1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。
单数=1 a book 前有限定词
(1)冠词:a/an/the ( 语法填空:a/an + adj. +单数n.)
(2)代词:that/this/every/each
(3)名词所有格:Lihua’s book
(4)形容词性物主代词:my book
(5)基数词1:one book
(6)固定搭配:have a look/seat
复数>1 two pens
(1)a number of/many/quite a few/few/a few/several/these/those/both/all+复数n.
(2)>1的基数词:two books
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of +复数n.
(3)one of (+ the +adj.最高级)+复数n.
(4)固定搭配:have problems doing sth.; make mistakes in...; make plans to do sth.
(5)结合上下文语境
The students (student) in the school have to do morning exercises
可数名词单数变复数的规则
一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags
以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watches
brush---brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities
黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;
(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes
(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;
thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-lives
knife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves
围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves
注意:特殊词类
有些词本身就是复数名词people(人们) police(警察)cattle(牛)
a person a policeman/policewoman a head of cattle
people作可数名词,意为“民族”
(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词
(人类:human----humans/ human beings)
脚 foot---feet
牙齿 tooth---teeth
人;男人 man---men Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员 fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士
女人 woman---women
老鼠 mouse---mice
孩子 child---children
胃 stomach---stomachs
鹿 deer---deer
鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)
绵羊 sheep---sheep
中国人 Chinese---Chinese
日本人 Japanese---Japanese
家人 family---family family---families(家庭)
鹅 goose---geese
公牛 ox---oxen
(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。
中国人 a Chinese---Chinese
英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen
德国人 a German---Germans
2.不可数名词(液体类/肉类/抽象类/数不清类/学科类/自然气象类)
常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)
注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数
Water is important for us.
(1)表示不可数名词的量: a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.
a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle of
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
(2)修饰un.的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.
(3)不可数名词具体化
spend a happy/meaningful time live a happy/hard life
a strong/heavy rain/snow/wind win a great success
同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同
单词 可数名词 不可数名词
room 房子 空间
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
work 著作、作品 工作
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 试卷、论文 纸
wood (woods )森林 木头
time 次数、回、倍数 时间
experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
light 光 灯
exercise 操;练习(题)do morning exercisesdo eye exercisesdo math exercises 锻炼、运动
fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉
二、名词的所有格(人或物的所有和所属关系)
1. -’s所有格:
构成 举例
一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather 城市的天气the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具Beijing’s street 北京的街
以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室the students’ books 学生们的书
两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother 玛丽和琳达的母亲
如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲
(名词所有格后的名词会省略掉)(1)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉(职业名词+’s,“工作的地方”;称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,“居住地,......的家”)(2)上下文避免重复也会省略 at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所at the barber’s 在理发店at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家I am going to my uncle’s.I am going to the Smith’s.Li Hua went to the teacher’ to hand in homework.Li Hua is seriously ill. He needs go to the doctor’sLi Hua wants to get his hair cut. He may be at the barber’.My toy car is expensive. How about your sister’s.
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 one pound’s weight 1磅的重量
ten dollars’ worth 10美元的价值 five minutes’ walk 5分钟的路程
ten miles’ journey 10英里的路程 two days’ trip 两天的旅行
a two days’ trip = a two-day trip
a two hours’ test = a two-hours test
a three months’ holiday = a three-month holiday
2. of所有格: n.1+ of +n.2 (从后往前翻译)
(中心词) (中心词属于谁)
the surface of the earth the cover of the book a map of China
the top of mountain the capital of China the leg of the table
特殊的一对一配对的名词所有格:钥匙答案桥与路,出入口都用to
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the bridge to the river 通往河边的桥
the way to success 成功之路
the exit to the supermarket 超市入口
the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口
双重所有格(强调整体的一部分)
名词+ of + ’s所有格; 名词+ of +名词性物主代词
a book of my mother (这是)我妈妈的一本书
a book of my mother’s 我妈妈的(其中)一本书
a picture of my sister 我姐姐的一张照片(照片是本人)
a picture of my sister’s 我姐姐的一张照片(只是众多照片中的一张,照片不一定是本人)
a friend of me (这是)我的朋友
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(众多中的一个)
注意:双重所有格的名词和4个指示代词连用时,往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感彩,并不表示“部分”的意思。
That little son of your uncle’s is really a dear. 你叔叔的小儿子真惹人怜爱。
名词的词性转换(采用构词法)
名词后缀 例词
adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness
-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---realityresponsible---responsibility possible---possibilityact---activity
-ce important---importance different---differencesilent---silence confident---confidence
-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---windrainy---rain noisy---noise difficult---difficulty
-al traditional---tradition national---nation natural---nature personal---person cultural---culture environmental---environment
n.(sth.→n.(sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---artistscience---scientist tour---tourist
-an/ian/ean America---American history---historianmagic---magician music---musician Europe---European
v.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvementmove---movement agree---agreementargue---argument excite---excitement
-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---drivereducate---educator act---actor visit---visitor
-ion/sion/tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussionact---action express---expression
-ing run---running read---reading swim---swimmingfeel---feeling shop---shopping build---building
课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)
advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为
choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血
die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长
warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生
true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸
discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具
explain→explanation解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试
organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备
invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输
pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision决定 discuss→discussion 讨论 central→center 中心;中央
sell→sale 售卖 encourage→courage 勇气
fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge知识
laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活
think→thought 思想;想法 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落
perform→performance表演;表现 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快
prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure压力
serve→service 接待;服务 sit→seat 座位
succeed→success成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量
voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽
neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子
wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友
hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气
talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量)
safe→safety 安全 weekly→week 周
high→height 高度 energetic→energy 精力;活力
mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 foolish→fool 傻瓜
compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者 honest---honesty 诚实
office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager
官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年
eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west/north/south 东/西/南/北/方
proud→pride 骄傲
n.1 +n.2 n.1作定语修饰n.2,变复数只变n.2,但man和woman除外
a girl student --- two girl students
a man doctor --- two men doctors a woman teacher---two women teachers
练一练 变复数
a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________
Frenchman____________ American _______________
1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________
4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________
7. fish__________ 8. sheep_____________ 9. monkey___________
10. stomach_______ 11. guy_______________ 12. hand____________
13. baby__________ 14. man______________ 15. policeman__________
16. thief___________ 17. child______________ 18. kid__________
19. student___________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy_______________ 22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat_______________
25. flower____________ 26. person_____________ 27. foot_____________
28. toy_____________ 29. movie______________ 30. ear_______________
31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________
34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________
38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch________________
41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach______________
44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________
47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________
50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________
53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________
edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________
59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________
62.ability___________ 63. memory_________
月份表
月份 缩写
January 一月 Jan. spring(春季)
February 二月 Feb.
March 三月 Mar.
April 四月 Apr. summer(夏季)
May 五月 May.
June 六月 Jun.
July 七月 Jul. autumn(秋季)
August 八月 Aug.
September 九月 Sep.
October 十月 Oct. winter(冬季)
November 十一月 Nov.
December 十二月 Dem.
前面的时间介词用in记忆口诀:健步(一月Jan)如飞(二月Fe);三八妇女节(三月Mar);四月吃苹果(Ap);五月劳动节,劳动人民最美丽(May);六一儿童节,孩子聚(Ju)在一起;七月寒假来了(ly);8月是秋季(au);九月(9像S);9+1=(1)O;十一月的N是11;十二月的D像12.
一周表(week)
星期
星期一 Monday weekday(s)
星期二 Tuesday
星期三 Wednesday
星期四 Thursday
星期五 Friday
星期六 Saturday weekend(s)
星期日 Sunday
前面的时间介词用inon the weekend=on the weekends 在周末
附表
节日名称
部分国家、重要组织机构名称缩写
CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党
PLA (People's Liberation Army) 人民解放军
PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国
UN(United Nations) 联合国
UNESCO (United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)
联合国教科文组织
WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
部分重要节日名称、中国文化专有名词
节日
Children's Day儿童节 Double Ninth Festival重阳节
Dragon Boat Festival端午节√ Labour Day 劳动节
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节√ Lantern Festival 元宵节
National Day 国庆节 New Year's Day元旦√
PLA Day 建军节 Spring Festival春节 (Chinese New Year) √
Teachers’ Day 教师节√ Tomb-sweeping Day清明节
Women's Day 妇女节√
地名景点
Mount Huangshan 黄山 Mount Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
Mount Taishan 泰山 The Changjiang River (The Yangtze River) 长 江
The Great Wall 长城 The Palace Museum故宫
The Yellow River 黄河 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场
其他专有名词
hot pot火锅 lunar calendar 阴历 mooncake 月饼 paper-cut 剪纸 qipao旗袍 The Silk Road 丝绸之路
Spring Festival couplets 春联 spring roll 春卷
Beijing opera ( Peking opera)京剧 Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 中医名词专题
名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类
专有名词(大写首字母)
单数名词
名词 普通名词 可数名词 规则变化
复数名词
不可数名词 不规则变化
专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、月份、星期、节日等特有的名称。(首字母大写的名词)。
普通名词:数/格/词性转换/词义
语法填空 阅读完型
一、名词的数
1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。
单数=1 a book
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
复数>1。如:two pens
(1)
(2)
(3)
固定搭配:
(5)
可数名词单数变复数的规则
一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags
以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watches
brush---brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities
黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;
(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes
(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;
thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-lives
knife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves
围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves
注意:特殊词类
有些词本身就是复数名词people(人们) police(警察)
(2)(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词
脚 foot---feet
牙齿 tooth---teeth
人;男人 man---men Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员 fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士
女人 woman---women
老鼠 mouse---mice
孩子 child---children
胃 stomach---stomachs
鹿 deer---deer
鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)
绵羊 sheep---sheep
中国人 Chinese---Chinese
日本人 Japanese---Japanese
家人 family---family family---families(家庭)
(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。
中国人 a Chinese---Chinese
英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen
德国人 a German---Germans
2.不可数名词
常见的不可数名词有:rice, water, meat, furniture(家具), bread, clothing(衣服), sugar, progress(进步), medicine(药), news(新闻、消息), work, homework, housework, money, rubbish, weather, cotton, wood, chalk, advice(意见), information(信息、消息),traffic(交通)
注:不可数名词无复数,做主语常作单数
(1)表示不可数名词的量:a/an/基数词+量词+of + un.
a piece of 一块/片/条/张/段/首 a bad/box/glass/cup/bottle of
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
(2)修饰un.的词:much/a great deal of/a great amount of/a large amount of/quite a little/a little/little/a bit of + un.
同时修饰复数名词和不可数名词的:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义不同
单词 可数名词 不可数名词
room 房子 空间
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
work 著作、作品 工作
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 试卷、论文 纸
wood (woods )森林 木头
time 次数、回、倍数 时间
experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
light 光 灯
exercise 操;练习(题) 锻炼、运动
fish 鱼(种类、条数) 鱼肉
二、名词的所有格(人或物的所有和所属关系)
1. -’s所有格:
构成 举例
一般的名词在末尾+’s the city’s weather 城市的天气the children’s toys 孩子们的玩具Beijing’s street 北京的街
以s结尾的名词在末尾+’ the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室the students’ books 学生的书
两个以上名词表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后+’s Mary and Linda’s mother 玛丽和琳达的母亲
如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别同拥有,在每个名词后分别+’s Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲
表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅、教堂等名称时,常在名词后+’s,所有格后的名词省略掉(职业名词+’s,工作的地方;称呼类名词+’s/the+姓氏’s,居住地,......的家)(避免重复也会省略) at the doctor’s 在医院/诊所at the barber’s 在理发店at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家
所有格: n.1+ of +n.2 (从后往前翻译)
(在中心词) (中心词属于谁)
the surface of the earth the cover of the book a map of China
the top of mountain the capital of China the leg of the table
双重所有格(强调整体的一部分)
名词+ of + ’s所有格; 名词+ of +名词性物主代词
名词的词性转换(采用构词法)
名词后缀 例词
adj.→n. -ness kind---kindness happy---happiness
-ity/ty able---ability creative---creativity real---realityresponsible---responsibility possible→possibilityact---activity
-ce important---importance different---differencesilent---silence confident---confidence
-y healthy---health wealthy---wealth windy---windrainy---rain noisy---noise difficult---difficulty
-al traditional---tradition national---nation Natural---nature personal---person cultural---culture environmental---environment
n.(sth.→n.(sb.) -ist piano---pianist violin---violinist art---artistscience---scientist tour→tourist
-an/ian/ean America---American history→historianmagic→magician music→musician Europe→European
v.→n. -ment develop---development improve---improvementmove---movement agree---agreementargue---argument excite---excitement
-er/or win---winner teach---teacher drive---drivereducate---educator act---actor visit---visitor
-ion/sion/tion/ation decide---decision discuss---discussionact---action express---expression
-ing run---running read---reading swim---swimmingfeel---feeling shop---shopping build---building
课本中的特殊单词词性转换(死记硬背)
advise→advice 劝告;建议 behave→behavior 行为
choose→choice 选择;挑选 bleed→blood 血
die→death 死;死亡 grow→growth 成长
warm→warmth 温暖 bear/born→birth 出生
true→truth 真相;事实 breathe→breath 呼吸
discover→discovery 发现;发觉 cook→cooker 厨具
explain→explanation解释;说明 examine→examination 检查;测试
organize→organization 组织;机构 prepare→preparation 准备
invite→invitation 邀请 transport→transportation 运输
pronounce→pronunciation 发音 decide→decision决定 discuss→discussion 讨论 central→center 中心;中央
sell→sale 售卖 encourage→courage 勇气
fail→failure 失败;故障;失败者 know→knowledge知识
laugh→laughter 笑;笑声 marry→marriage 结婚;婚姻生活
think→thought 思想;想法 lose→loss 损失;伤亡;失落
perform→performance表演;表现 please→pleasure 高兴;愉快
prefer→preference 喜好;偏爱 press→pressure压力
serve→service 接待;服务 sit→seat 座位
succeed→success成功;成功的人/事 weigh→weight 重量;分量
voluntary→volunteer 志愿者 beautiful→beauty 美女;美丽
neighbor→neighborhood 小区 childhood→child 孩子
wooden→wood 木头 friendship/friendly→friend 朋友
hungry→hunger 饥饿 angry→anger 生气
talented→talent 天才 hot→heat 热(量)
safe→safety 安全 weekly→week 周
high→height 高度 energetic→energy 精力;活力
mix(n./v.)→mixture 混合物;混合料;混合料 honest---honesty 诚实
compete→competition/competitor 竞争;竞争者
office/village/bank/foreign/teenage→officer/villager/banker/foreigner/teenager
官员/村民/银行家/外国人/青少年
eastern/western/southern/northern→east/west/north/south 东/西/南/北/方
proud→pride 骄傲
练一练 变复数
Frenchman____________ American _______________
a woman driver____________ an apple tree______________
1. fisherman___________ 2. fireman__________ 3. Japanese___________
4. box____________ 5. wife_____________ 6. potato____________
7. fish__________ 8. sheep_____________ 9. monkey___________
10. stomach_______ 11. guy_______________ 12. hand____________
13. baby__________ 14. man______________ 15. policeman__________
16. thief___________ 17. child______________ 18. kid__________
19. student___________ 20. star_____________ 21. boy_______________ 22. film_____________ 23. fish____________ 24. cat_______________
25. flower____________ 26. person_____________ 27. foot_____________
28. toy_____________ 29. movie______________ 30. ear_______________
31. life______________ 32. knife______________ 33. leaf______________
34. photo_____________ 35. radio_____________ 37. zoo______________
38. tomato_____________ 39. bus____________ 40.watch________________
41.enemy______________ 42. lady____________ 43. coach______________
44.laboratory___________ 45. gentleman__________ 46. African____________
47.piano___________ 48. postman__________ 49. tooth____________
50.dictionary___________ 51. library_________ 52. strawberry__________
53.story___________ 54. country_________ 55. activity__________
edy___________ 57. university_________ 58. hobby________
59.factory___________ 60. party_________ 61. city__________
62.ability___________ 63. memory_________
月份表
月份 缩写
January 一月 Jan. spring(春季)
February 二月 Feb.
March 三月 Mar.
April 四月 Apr. summer(夏季)
May 五月 May.
June 六月 Jun.
July 七月 Jul. autumn(秋季)
August 八月 Aug.
September 九月 Sep.
October 十月 Oct. winter(冬季)
November 十一月 Nov.
December 十二月 Dem.
前面的时间介词用in记忆口诀:健步(一月Jan)如飞(二月Fe);三八妇女节(三月Mar);四月吃苹果(Ap);五月劳动节,劳动人民最美丽(May);六一儿童节,孩子聚(Ju)在一起;七月寒假来了(ly);8月是秋季(au);九月(9像S);9+1=(1)O;十一月的N是11;十二月的D像12.
一周表(week)
星期
星期一 Monday weekday(s)
星期二 Tuesday
星期三 Wednesday
星期四 Thursday
星期五 Friday
星期六 Saturday weekend(s)
星期日 Sunday
前面的时间介词用inon the weekend=on the weekends 在周末
附表
节日名称
部分国家、重要组织机构名称缩写
CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党
PLA (People's Liberation Army) 人民解放军
PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国
UN(United Nations) 联合国
UNESCO (United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)
联合国教科文组织
WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
部分重要节日名称、中国文化专有名词
节日
Children's Day儿童节 Double Ninth Festival重阳节
Dragon Boat Festival端午节√ Labour Day 劳动节
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节√ Lantern Festival 元宵节
National Day 国庆节 New Year's Day元旦√
PLA Day 建军节 Spring Festival春节 (Chinese New Year) √
Teachers’ Day 教师节√ Tomb-sweeping Day清明节
Women's Day 妇女节√
地名景点
Mount Huangshan 黄山 Mount Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
Mount Taishan 泰山 The Changjiang River (The Yangtze River) 长 江
The Great Wall 长城 The Palace Museum故宫
The Yellow River 黄河 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场
其他专有名词
hot pot火锅 lunar calendar 阴历 mooncake 月饼 paper-cut 剪纸 qipao旗袍 The Silk Road 丝绸之路
Spring Festival couplets 春联 spring roll 春卷
Beijing opera ( Peking opera)京剧 Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 中医写出下列单词的名词和词义
advise________ _____ behave behavior _____
organize________ _____ think________ _____
die________ _____ weigh________ _____
explain explanation _____ examine________ _____
fail failure _____ know________ _____
laugh________ _____ marry marriage _____
prefer preference _____ press________ _____
serve________ _____ sit________ _____
choose________ _____ decide________ _____
foreign________ _____ village________ _____
high________ _____ hot________ _____
angry________ _____ friendship/friendly________ _____
neighbor________ _____ beautiful________ _____
weekly________ _____ central________ _____
safe→safety 安全 voluntary________ _____
please________ _____ lose loss ______
perform________________ _____ talented________ _____
succeed________ _____ discover________ _____
wooden________ _____ childhood________ _____
hungry________ _____ grow________ _____
southern________ _____ bleed________ _____
warm________ _____ transport________ _____
bear/born_______ _____ cook________ _____
true________ _____ breathe________ _____
prepare________ _____ invite________ _____
pronounce________ _____ discuss________ _____
sell________ _____ encourage________ _____
know________ _____
compete_________________ _____________
根据中文写出单词或短语
鸡肉______________ 空间_______________
我的家人们______________ 5个女护士______________
5片面包______________ 3杯水______________
做早操______________ 做物理练习______________
有用的经验______________ 许多快乐的经历______________
5条鱼______________ 10户人家______________
一群女警察______________ 许多人______________
一群孩子______________ 内江的人口______________
成都的机场______________ 5个小时的锻炼______________
其中最聪明的女孩之一_____________________
大量的玩具______________ 8条有用的建议___________________
一段有意义的时光________________
很多有趣的经历___________________ 丰富的经验_______________
按要求写出下列单词
read__________(n.) run__________(n.)
use__________(adj.) __________(adj.)
develop__________(n.) improve__________(n.)
help__________(adj.) __________(adj.)
meaning__________(adj.) __________(adj.)
educate_________(n.) __________(n.)
nature__________(adj.) tradition__________(adj.)
nation__________(adj.) health__________(adj.)
happy__________(n.) kind__________(n.)
act__________(n.)__________(n.)
tour__________(n.) excite__________(n.)
surprised__________(n.) America___________(n./adj.)
China__________(n./adj.) different__________(n.)
说出可数名词单数变复数的规则默写星期一---星期天
_________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________
工作日_________ 周末_________ 周_________
根据中文写出英文
1月1日 _______________________
在2024年1月1日 _______________________
12月24日 _______________________
4月4日 _______________________
7月1日 _______________________
3月12日 _______________________
2月24日 _______________________
3月8日 _______________________
10月11日 _______________________
4月1日 _______________________
5月1日 _______________________
11月28日 _______________________
6月10日 _______________________
8月1日 _______________________
9月10日 _______________________
10月1日 _______________________
6月1日 _______________________
12月25日 _______________________
中国人_______________________
美国人_______________________ 美国文化_______________________
纽约_______________________
德国人_______________________
亚洲_______________________
澳大利亚人_______________________
俄罗斯人_______________________
法国_______________________ 法语_______________________
英国_______________________
春节_______________________
(万里)长城_______________________
阴历_______________________ 故宫_______________________
端午节_______________________ 妇女节_______________________
儿童节_______________________ 中秋节_______________________
重阳节_______________________ 劳动节_______________________
清明节_______________________ 国庆节_______________________
黄河_______________________

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