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金山区2023学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷
（考试时间120分钟，总分140分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A shop assistant. B. A waiter. C. A receptionist. D. A travel agent.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: We have never been here before. Do you have anything special to recommend
M: Well, madam, our seafood pizza is really good.
Q: Who is most probably the man
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes. D. 40 minutes.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: When does the next train leave for Shanghai
W: The train leaves every thirty minutes and the last train left ten minutes ago so you won’t have to wait for long.
Q: How long will the man have to wait
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. In a university. B. In a gallery. C. In a bookstore. D. In a library.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I have a map of the campus, but I still can’t find the library with a sculpture exhibit in it. Can you tell me how to get there
W: That looks like an old map. Follow me. I’m going that way myself.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Happy. B. Exhausted. C. Disappointed. D. Curious.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I can’t believe that I went through the trouble of arranging everything for the party and then no one came.
M: How come
Q: How does the woman feel
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Read the speech to her. B. Give a different speech.
C. Finish writing the speech. D. Stop worrying about the speech.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m so tired. I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech I have to give next week.
W: Come on, you will be fine. Just don’t stress yourself out.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Get his car window closed. B. Lend his umbrella to the woman.
C. Borrow the woman’s car key. D. Listen to the weather forecast.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice that it was raining outside
M: Yeah, it is. And I just realize that I left my car window open.
Q: What will the man most probably do next
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He’s not feeling fine. B. He can’t see very well.
C. His eye doesn’t hurt much. D. His eye isn’t healing quickly.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What on earth did you do to your eye
M: Oh, nothing. It looks a lot worse than it feels.
Q: What does the man mean
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. They need to dress similarly. B. The woman should avoid jeans.
C. They had better dress formally. D. The man is looking for a new jacket.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: It’s all right to wear jeans for a class presentation, isn’t it
M: That’s what I’m wearing. But if we wear jackets too, maybe we won’t look so casual.
Q: What is the man’s suggestion
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A The job is well-paid. B. He has just worked for a day.
C. The weather is not a problem. D. He has trouble riding a bicycle.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I hear that you are working as a pizza deliverer this summer. It’s got to be awfully hot riding a bicycle all day to every corner of the town.
M: Well, to tell the truth, but for the pay, I couldn’t even work for a day.
Q: What does the man imply
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman sold her car because she hates driving.
B. The woman thinks it is not convenient to drive a car.
C. The woman will be travelling by subway from now on.
D. The woman moved because she didn’t want to drive anymore.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: You’ve sold your car. You don’t need one
W: Not really. I’ve never liked driving anyway. Now that we have moved to a place near the subway, we can get about quite conveniently without a car.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. A. 5%. B. 80%. C. 40%. D. 10%.
12.
A. Polluting the environment.
B. Destroying wildlife habitats.
C. Endangering new species.
D. Hunting to a great extent.
13.
A. To appeal to people to protect wildlife.
B. To emphasize the importance of the Earth.
C. To describe different ways to stop pollution.
D. To analyze the reasons for wildlife’s disappearing.
【答案】11. C 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】Huge numbers of unknown plants and animals are in danger. The Earth, according to various estimates, supports between 5 million and 80 million species. “Species,” says Dr Lovejoy, “are disappearing before we have a chance to learn how they might benefit the rest of the world.”
Thousands of kinds of plants could help feed a growing world population. About four out of every ten medicines come from ingredients found in plants. Some animals also provide medicines.
“It’s natural for species to become extinct over millions of years,” says Dr Lovejoy. What’s unnatural is that humans are speeding up the process many times over.” Actually, humans have a great impact on other living things that share the Earth. And people are doing this in four main ways: making the living places of wildlife less habitable, hunting excessively, introducing new species that endanger native wildlife, and making the environment dirty and polluted. These activities affect all species in one way or another, because all life is interconnected.
Is there time to prevent disaster “Just barely,” say scientists. Worldwide action will be difficult and costly. But scientists agree that action must be taken quickly. Time is running out.
Questions:
11. What percentage of plants provide medicines for humans
12. Which of the following is not responsible for the disappearing of wildlife
13. What is the main purpose of the passage
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. Because it is his nickname.
B. Because he is often called to put out fires.
C. Because he brings more technical technology to each project.
D. Because he is the one who gets called to address troubled projects.
15.
A. He contributes more value than others.
B. He struggled to settle problems but failed.
C. He interfered with the distribution service projects.
D. He learns from past mistakes and successes consciously.
16.
A. To ask for a pay raise. B. To become a fireman.
C. To be the team leader. D. To present a better image.
【答案】14. D 15. D 16. A
【解析】
【原文】During the seven years that I’ve been working with the aircraft parts marketing team, I’m familiar with each new project assignment. I think it’s fair to say that I contribute a lot more value today than I did about seven years ago.
One reason is that, with each technical project, I bring more technical know-how than I did before. I make a conscious effort to learn from past mistakes and successes and to make sure that each new project benefits from the lessons that I have learned in the previous ones.
Another factor is leadership – the ability to lead troubled projects to success. When our Brazilian passenger aircraft project was in trouble last year, I stepped in. When distribution service projects in Germany nearly fell through this year, I stepped in. I think you’re familiar with my nickname, “the fireman.” I’m the “go-to” guy who gets called in to put out fires and get troubled projects going again.
I could go on, but I think you get the picture. Business today is about creating value at all levels. And I’m all about value.
So, I think you’ll agree that I’m due for a pay raise. Thank you.
Questions:
14. Why is the speaker called “the fireman”
15. What can we learn about the speaker
16. Why does the speaker make the speech
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. Black or white coffee. B. Their teachers in classes.
C. World history classes. D. The beginning of the semester.
18.
A. She has to take the course. B. She finds it interesting.
C The professor gives good instructions. D. There are many discussions.
19.
A. She holds big lectures. B. She takes her students seriously.
C. She loves the subject so much. D. She gives a usual test in class.
20.
A. Talk to the man’s teacher. B. Take another history course.
C. Meet the man next day. D. Go to the man’s world history class.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【原文】W: Mm, this coffee is really strong.
M: It is so strong. I like white coffee.
W: So do I. But I like black coffee today. During my last class I was thinking about coming here and could almost taste the coffee.
M: Sounds like it wasn’t too interesting.
W: I was bored to death. I’m in that psychology class only because it is a requirement, so I have to stick it out. The problem is, the professor doesn’t know how to arouse our interest. She just walks in, gives us lectures and assignments. There is no discussion. Do you have any classes like that
M: I have only one big lecture class—world history—and the professor’s the best. It’s so appealing that I’m always on the edge of my seat. And when we have discussions, the room is filled with electricity.
W: I’m jealous. It is so bad. I have already taken world history.
M: You know, one day it occurred to me that I was lucky to be in her class because I found myself thinking a lot about what she said. Did you ever have a teacher like that
W: I’d have to think about it.
M: You should come with me to class sometime, just to see what I mean. I guess what it really comes down to is her enthusiasm for the subject. I remember at the beginning of this semester; I was not taking anything in school very seriously. I boomed the first history test, but then I started really enjoying school, especially her class.
W: You have got me really curious about this teacher. I think I will visit your class. When does it meet
Questions:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
18. Why does the woman take psychology course
19. In what way does the man’s world history teacher impress him most
20. What does the woman plan to do
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
DNA analysis reveals two waves of migration
The results of the study, published in the Science Bulletin, revealed two major migration waves in history. In this pioneering study, scientists from Fudan University ___21___ (dig) into the ancient DNA of individuals buried in Gansu province, revealing interesting insights into the genetic makeup of Hexi Corridor residents dating back over 12 centuries. The research employed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explore) human migration along the Hexi Corridor.
The Hexi Corridor, was a narrow yet crucial link ___23___ (connect) the heartland of ancient China to the Western Territory. Characterized by its lofty mountains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dotted with cities ___24___ (found) along short rivers.
Historical documents attest (证实) to the Hexi Corridor’s significance as a crossroads ___25___ Western and Eastern civilizations mixed through trade, religion and occasional conflicts following the establishment of the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty.
___26___ technological advances in biology open new avenues for exploration, archaeologists are increasingly drawn to analyzing DNA samples. Led by Wen Shaoqing from Fudan University’s Institute of Archaeological Science, the team successfully extracted DNA data ___27___ the teeth and bones found at two sites near Dunhuang.
The DNA analysis pinpointed two outliers (异常样本) dating to the Wei Dynasty and the Tang. Further examination revealed one had approximately 50 percent western Eurasian ancestry and ___28___ 30 percent, suggesting the individuals were likely descendants of unions between western Eurasian women and local men.
___29___ the team concluded was that the genetic mix could be partially attributed to those migrations. Experts said the second major migration period ____30____ (mark) by a significant shift in the gene pool. Historical records say migration facilitated by Chinese explorer Zhang Qian’s visit to the Western Territory from 138 BC resulted in the creation of the Silk Road.
【答案】21. dug##have dug
22. to explore
23. connecting
24. founded
25. where 26. As
27. from 28. the other
29 What 30. was marked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了发表在《科学公报》上的研究结果揭示了历史上两次主要的移民浪潮。在这项开创性的研究中，复旦大学的科学家们挖掘了甘肃省埋葬的个体的古代DNA，揭示了12世纪前河西走廊居民基因组成的有趣见解。该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：在这项开创性的研究中，复旦大学的科学家们挖掘了甘肃省埋葬的个体的古代DNA，揭示了12世纪前河西走廊居民基因组成的有趣见解。此处作谓语，可理解为发生在过去用一般过去时，也可用现在完成时，主语为scientists，助动词用have。故填dug/have dug。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。短语employ sth. to do sth.表示“利用某物做某事”。故填to explore。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：河西走廊是连接古代中国中心地带和西域的一条狭窄而重要的通道。分析句子结构可知connect与link构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填connecting。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这条古老的古道以高山和沙漠为特征，沿着短河流点缀着城市。此处cities与found构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填founded。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：历史文献证明了河西走廊作为东西方文明的十字路口的重要意义，在这里，随着汉朝丝绸之路的建立，东西方文明通过贸易、宗教和偶尔的冲突融合在一起。定语从句修饰先行词crossroads，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
【26题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：随着生物学技术的进步为探索开辟了新的途径，考古学家越来越热衷于分析DNA样本。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as，首字母大写。故填As。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：在复旦大学考古科学研究所温少青的带领下，研究小组成功地从敦煌附近两个遗址中发现的牙齿和骨头中提取了DNA数据。此处表示“从……中”应用介词from。故填from。
【28题详解】
考查短语。句意：进一步的研究显示，其中一人有大约50%的西部欧亚血统，另一人有30%的西部欧亚血统，这表明这些人可能是西部欧亚女性和当地男性结合的后代。根据上文two outliers可知，此处指两者中的另一个，应用the other。故填the other。
【29题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：研究小组得出的结论是，基因混合可以部分归因于这些迁徙。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【30题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：专家表示，第二次大迁徙时期的标志是基因库发生了重大变化。主语second major migration period与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文said可知用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was marked。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prize G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company ___31___ to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and ___32___ whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint.
“What it meant, ___33___, was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the ___34___ of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once ___35___ professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most ___36___— intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a ___37___ of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our ___38___,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been ___39___. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.”
As we are ___40___ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
【答案】31. K 32. J
33. A 34. H
35. I 36. F
37. G 38. D
39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能对于语言翻译行业的影响。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司转而使用机器翻译。根据“to using machine translation”以及句意“转变”可知应填动词switch，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选K。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：她保住了那份工作，而且还能养家糊口；然而，她现在在那里检查和规范计算机产生的任何东西。根据“whatever was produced by the computer”以及句意“规范”可知应填动词standardize，根据上文to check and可知应填原形。故选J。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：“实际上，这意味着我们人类在训练一台机器，”她说。根据“was that we humans were training a machine”以及句意“实际上”可知应填副词actually，作状语。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着可以模仿人类的聊天程序的发布，世界开始考虑人工智能的到来意味着什么。根据“of chat programs that can imitate humans”以及句意“发布”可知应填名词release，作宾语，不可数。故选H。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果许多曾经坚实的职业——法律、会计、医学——消失，对我们的工作将会有什么影响？根据“law, accountancy, medicine”以及句意“坚实的”可知应填形容词solid，作定语修饰名词professions。故选I。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：当人类最珍视的东西——智力——成为这个星球上最便宜的产品时，作为人类意味着什么？根据“intelligence”以及句意“珍视”可知应填动词prize，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选F。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：“你可以把笔译和口译员的世界看作是世界的反映，”翻译和口译协会董事会主席尼基·伯恩说。根据“of the world”以及句意“反映”可知应填名词reflection，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选G。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：“当然，我们也有批评者，”但她补充说，“也有机会，也有乐观主义者。”根据“Not all of them are adjusting.”以及句意“批评者”可知应填复数名词critics，作宾语。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，变化的速度是惊人的。根据“Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.(Bone说，她和她的同事们越来越多地扮演着机器第一遍编辑的角色，而不是原始材料的翻译)”以及句意“惊人的”可知应填形容词breathtaking，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们惊叹于ChatGPT及其模仿人类写作的强大能力时，与其他职业相比，翻译是敏感的。根据“at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing”以及句意“惊叹”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故选B。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Sandhya Sriram is impatient. The stem-cell (干细胞) scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use, developing cultivated seafood. Yet no one was doing that in Singapore. So four years ago, she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean (甲壳纲动物) meat. ___41___, she registered her company, Shiok Meats in August 2018. “Nobody was doing crustaceans,” says Sriram, Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder. “What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.” A lifelong ___42___, she had never tried real shrimp, but she sampled it the week she registered the company.
Today, the results of her ___43___ can be seen at the headquarters of her company. During a fall 2022 visit, a bio-process engineer looked into a microscope carefully. He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is ___44___ crustacean cells. Under the lens, he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.
Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp, lobster, and crab prototypes (最初形态) to a select group of tasters, and it plans to ___45___ regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April 2023. That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners, putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat ___46___. As of this writing, only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products: Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is ___47___ but only in Singapore. Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval, but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024, offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of ___48___ than crustaceans from farms.
But even if that ambitious ___49___ is met, it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans. It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory, along with ___50___ consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___. Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of 2023, where a 500-liter and a 2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major ___52___ from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors. The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.
___53___ these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production. Organic waste, chemicals, and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater. Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty, as growing protein in a lab helps avoid ___54___ animals. And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s ___55___ cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.
In a word, when science meets seafood, many wonderful things happen naturally.
41.
A. Eagerly B. Hurriedly C. Incidentally D. Interestingly
42.
A. dieter B. foodie C. taster D. vegetarian
43.
A. discipline B. enthusiasm C. discovery D. mindset
44.
A. growing B. investigating C. increasing D. targeting
45.
A. accept B. adopt C. grant D. seek
46.
A. farm B. race C. section D. line
47.
A. available B. affordable C. competitive D. profitable
48.
A. additive B. cruelty C. meat D. salt
49.
A. guideline B. transformation C. condition D. timeline
50.
A. demanding B. directing C. persuading D. training
51.
A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
52.
A. difference B. emergence C. sacrifice D. leap
53.
A. Tracking B. Supervising C. Popularizing D. Sampling
54.
A. feeding B. killing C. mistreating D. trapping
55.
A. captured B. stranded C. consumed D. produced
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了企业家Sandhya Sriram把知识用于开发养殖海鲜，成立了一家公司，生产实验室培育的甲壳类动物肉。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2018年8月，她急切地注册了自己的公司Shiok Meats。A. Eagerly急切地；B. Hurriedly急忙；C. Incidentally偶然地；D. Interestingly有趣地。根据上文“Sandhya Sriram is impatient.( Sandhya Sriram没有耐心)”可知，指她急切地注册了自己的公司Shiok Meats。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她一生都是素食主义者，从来没有吃过真正的虾，但在她注册公司的那一周，她尝了一口。A. dieter节食者；B. foodie美食家；C. taster试味员；D. vegetarian素食者。根据后文“she had never tried real shrimp”推测她是素食主义者。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，她的“热情”的结果可以在她的公司总部看到。A. discipline纪律；B. enthusiasm热情；C. discovery发现；D. mindset观念。根据上文“What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.(亚洲人最得吃多的什么？海鲜。答案很简单。它们太好吃了。)”此处指她对于海鲜的热情。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从隔壁房间的生物反应器中提取了样本，该公司正在那里培养甲壳类动物细胞。A. growing生长；B. investigating调查；C. increasing增加；D. targeting把……作为目标。根据上文“He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door”指公司在生物反应器中培养甲壳类动物细胞。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shiok Meats已经向一组精选的品尝者展示了虾、龙虾和螃蟹的原型，并计划在2023年4月之前寻求监管部门的批准，出售实验室培育的虾。A. accept接受；B. adopt采取；C. grant给予；D. seek寻找。根据后文“regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp”指寻求监管部门的批准，出售实验室培育的虾。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能使它成为世界上第一家将养殖虾送到食客面前的公司，使其在养殖肉竞赛中处于领先地位。A. farm农场；B. race比赛；C. section部分；D. line线条。根据上文“putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat”可知，这家公司成为世界上第一家将养殖虾送到食客面前的公司，使其在养殖肉竞赛中处于领先地位。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在撰写本文时，只有一家公司获得了监管部门的批准，可以销售实验室培育的动物蛋白产品：Eat Jus的养殖鸡，但只在新加坡销售。A. available可获得的；B. affordable便宜的；C. competitive竞争的；D. profitable盈利的。根据后文“but only in Singapore”可知，这家公司可以销售实验室培育的动物蛋白产品：Eat Jus的养殖鸡，但只在新加坡销售。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shiok Meats 仍需提交所有必要的文件并获得监管部门的批准，但该公司希望在 2024 年年中看到其产品进入餐馆，为美食家提供比农场甲壳类动物更环保、更无公害的选择。A. additive添加剂；B. cruelty残酷；C. meat肉；D. salt盐。根据上文“offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of”指该公司希望在 2024 年年中看到其产品进入餐馆，为美食家提供比农场甲壳类动物更环保、更无公害的选择。短语free of cruelty表示“无公害。”故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但即使这个雄心勃勃的时间表得以实现，普通人吃到人工养殖的甲壳类动物可能还需要一段时间。A. guideline指导方针；B. transformation变化；C. condition条件；D. timeline时间轴。对应上文“see its products in restaurants by mid-2024”指在 2024 年让这种产品进入餐厅的时间表，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅需要监管部门的批准，还需要更多的资金和更大的工厂，还要说服世界各地的消费者和政府接受实验室种植的海鲜。A. demanding要求；B. directing指导；C. persuading说服；D. training训练。根据后文“consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood”指说服世界各地的消费者和政府接受实验室种植的海鲜。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位不耐烦的企业家是乐观的。A. delightful令人高兴的；B. insightful富有洞察力的；C. open-minded虚心的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据上文““We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”(“我们正处于创业的一个有趣阶段；它被称为死亡之谷，”斯里拉姆说。“我们目前所处的领域还没有提交监管机构的批准，但我们希望在未来两年内实现商业化。”)”以及however表示转折，说明这位企业家的心态是乐观的。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯利拉姆希望在2023年底之前建成公司的下一个制造工厂，届时500升和2000升的生物反应器将是目前50升和200升生物反应器的重大飞跃。A. difference差异；B. emergence出现；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. leap跳跃。根据后文“from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors”指500升和2000升的生物反应器将是目前50升和200升生物反应器的重大飞跃。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：推广这些产品可以帮助解决甲壳类动物生产对环境的一些影响。A. Tracking追踪；B. Supervising监督；C. Popularizing普及；D. Sampling取样。根据后文“these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production”此处指推广这些产品可以帮助解决甲壳类动物生产对环境的一些影响。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shiok Meats表示，他们生产甲壳类动物肉的方式最大限度地减少了对动物的虐待，因为在实验室里培育蛋白质有助于避免动物死亡。A. feeding喂养；B. killing杀死；C. mistreating虐待；D. trapping困住。根据上文“growing protein in a lab helps avoid”可知，蛋白质是实验室培育的，所以避免了杀死动物。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在离虾的消费地更近的地方养殖虾可以减少渔船燃料和世界各地运输产品的排放。A. captured捕捉；B. stranded搁浅；C. consumed消耗；D. produced产生。根据后文“cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world”可知，减少渔船燃料和世界各地运输产品的排放是因为离虾的消费地更近。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
There is no known date for when the ancient Greeks or Romans first shared their stories about gods, monsters and heroes. But for the modern myth known as Star Wars, that date is May 25,1977, when the original movie opened in theaters and kicked off a global phenomenon that spanned films, TV shows, novels, comic books, toys, lunchboxes, bed sheets and more. Even today, Star Wars remains an enduring touchstone (检验标准) of pop culture. Critically praised or not, the movies continue to be a big hit.
And just as we know when the mythology began, we also know who invented it: writer-director George Lucas. His inspiration, he told TIME in 1977, was “all the books and films and comics that I liked when I was a child… My main reason for making it was to give young people an honest, wholesome fantasy life, the kind my generation had.”
No one could predict just how much Lucas’ creation would catch on — not even Lucas himself or the film’s star Mark Hamill, who played young hero Luke Skywalker. “I had no idea it would be as successful as it was,” Hamill said in 2017, marking the original film’s 40th anniversary. “I just thought I would be a fan of this even if I weren’t involved.”
Before Lucas created Star Wars, he had an even more ambitious goal — to blow up the ways of Old Hollywood. And he did. Star Wars introduced a new era of moviemaking, one that saw the development of amazing special effects and the tools to achieve them. After this legend, filmmakers felt free to bring their wildest ideas to life in totally realistic ways that left audiences thrilled.
Why did Star Wars become such a powerful force Hamill credits its ability to satisfy the human need for escapism. “People value the idea of going away to some happy place,” he said, “whether it’s Oz or Narnia or Middle Earth or Hogwarts. I think it appeals to children of all ages. It doesn’t matter if you’re 6 or 60. It appeals to the optimistic young idealism that I think every person has, however buried it might be.”
56. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. People should keep digging into the history of ancient myths.
B. More products associated with Star Wars have been created.
C. Some people’s criticism of Star Wars made it less popular than before.
D. Star Wars is more successful in the business field than in the entertainment field.
57. Why did George Lucas invent Star Wars
A. To break the old rules and traditions of making films.
B. To appeal to the optimistic young men to pursue their dreams.
C. To encourage other filmmakers to bring their wild ideas to life.
D. To offer young people an as good and healthy fantasy life as he had.
58. Star Wars can have such a great influence mainly because ______.
A. it meets people’s pursuit for a place to escape
B. it symbolizes the beginning of the modern myth
C. the special effects offer amazing viewing experience
D. the main actors in this film are very popular among the public
59. This passage is written to ______.
A. inspire people to be optimistic and ideal
B. introduce the basic information about Star Wars
C. recommend the talented writer-director George Lucas
D. criticize the fact that Star Wars is not as well made as before
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. A 59. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《星球大战》的巨大影响以及背后的原因。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But for the modern myth known as Star Wars, that date is May 25,1977, when the original movie opened in theaters and kicked off a global phenomenon that spanned films, TV shows, novels, comic books, toys, lunchboxes, bed sheets and more.(但对于被称为“星球大战”的现代神话来说，那一天是1977年5月25日，当时原版电影在影院上映，并引发了一场全球现象，涉及电影、电视节目、小说、漫画书、玩具、午餐盒、床单等)”可知，更多与星球大战相关的产品被创造出来了。故选B。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“My main reason for making it was to give young people an honest, wholesome fantasy life, the kind my generation had.(我制作它的主要原因是给年轻人一个诚实、健康的幻想生活，就像我们这一代人所拥有的那样)”可知，乔治·卢卡斯制作《星球大战》是为了给年轻人提供和他一样美好健康的幻想生活。故选D。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Why did Star Wars become such a powerful force Hamill credits its ability to satisfy the human need for escapism.(为什么《星球大战》会成为如此强大的力量？哈米尔将其归功于满足人类逃避现实需求的能力)”可知，《星球大战》之所以有如此大的影响，主要是因为它满足了人们对逃避的追求。故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But for the modern myth known as Star Wars, that date is May 25,1977, when the original movie opened in theaters and kicked off a global phenomenon that spanned films, TV shows, novels, comic books, toys, lunchboxes, bed sheets and more. Even today, Star Wars remains an enduring touchstone (检验标准) of pop culture. Critically praised or not, the movies continue to be a big hit.(但对于被称为“星球大战”的现代神话来说，那一天是1977年5月25日，当时原版电影在影院上映，并引发了一场全球现象，涉及电影、电视节目、小说、漫画书、玩具、午餐盒、床单等。即使在今天，《星球大战》仍然是流行文化经久不衰的试金石。无论是否受到好评，这些电影都将继续大受欢迎)”结合文章主要介绍了《星球大战》的巨大影响以及背后的原因。由此推知，这篇文章是为了介绍星球大战的基本信息而写的。故选B。
B
Looking for a career change Check out these unconventional options!
The Waterslide Tester
When the pool where he worked as a lifeguard was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, Guillaume Pop took jobs at various other pools that were virtually deserted. In one video on the social platform, he pretended to be a “professional waterslide tester”. Unexpectedly, Pop became a social media sensation. He was then hired to “test” slides and other facilities at water parks and swimming pools all over France. “It’s the best job in the world,” declares Pop, whose videos have received 80 million views. “I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!”
The Reindeer Herder
Finnish Lapland is home to around 200,000 wild reindeer. Anne Ollila, one of the 4,000 owners of these animals, works in this harsh but beautiful region with her big family. She gave up her job as a sociology researcher in 2010 to devote herself to reindeer herding full time. In summer, Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 12 miles a night through marsh and forest, enduring all kinds of insects. In deepest winter there is little daylight. Grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection. “Life here isn’t easy but it’s how nature works,” says Ollila, “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom. Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to the chain of life through the generations.”
The Zombie Trainer
Stevie Douglas, a 52-year-old Scot, has taught people how to behave like all varieties of the undead. A big fan of horror movies, Douglas noticed the zombies he saw in films were often unconvincing. “Their movement was poor and I thought I could do better.” So, in 2012, he formed ScareScotland to provide zombies for films and events such as horror conventions. A year later they started a zombie training program, which took off when they received a request for 300 zombies for a three-week-long interactive production. “What we do is very specific.” says Douglas. Many people enjoy being frightened, and he’s happy to oblige them.
60. What do the three people introduced in the passage above have in common
A. Their jobs are dangerous, unstable and low-paid.
B. Their jobs are well received throughout the world.
C. They have great passion and pride in what they do.
D. They need professional qualifications to do their job.
61. What does Guillaume Pop like most about his job
A. It has a sense of freedom. B. It is full of vigor and energy.
C. It is what he has been doing for decades. D. It satisfies people’s wishes to be frightened.
62. Who is most probably interested in this passage
A. Employees who are considering switching jobs.
B. Students who are applying for ideal universities.
C. Children who are interested in unusual activities.
D. Graduates who are deciding on their essay topics.
【答案】60. C 61. B 62. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了三个人对于自己工作的看法。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!(我不是坐在桌子后面。我很活跃，喜欢在户外晒太阳。事实上，所有的孩子都告诉我他们想成为一名滑水道测试员！)”；第三段““Life here isn’t easy but it’s how nature works,” says Ollila, “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom. Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to the chain of life through the generations.(“这里的生活并不容易，但这就是大自然的运作方式，”奥利拉说，“我喜欢这里的环境、动物和自由。而且，我有一种归属感，属于比我更大的东西，属于代代相传的生命链)”以及第四段““What we do is very specific.” says Douglas. Many people enjoy being frightened, and he’s happy to oblige them.(“我们所做的是非常具体的。”道格拉斯说。许多人喜欢被惊吓，他也很乐意满足他们)”可知，三个人的共同点是都对自己的工作充满激情和自豪。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!(我不是坐在桌子后面。我很活跃，喜欢在户外晒太阳。事实上，所有的孩子都告诉我他们想成为一名滑水道测试员！)”可知，Guillaume Pop最喜欢他工作充满活力和能量。故选B。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Looking for a career change Check out these unconventional options!(想换个工作？看看这些非传统的选择吧！)”可推知，考虑换工作的员工最有可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选A。
C
The phrase “coin toss” is a classic equivalent to randomness. But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare.
Franti ek Barto , currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Amsterdam, became fascinated by this challenge four years ago. He couldn’t round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first. “Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,” he says. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers (many of them friends and fellow students) from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin tossing later, the team had performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000.
The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn’t a fluke. “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Barto says.
The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top.
For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn’t perceptible with just a few coin tosses, says another statistician who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss’s slim bias.
It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot.
63. Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses
A. Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests.
B. Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic.
C. Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study.
D. Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence.
64. The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ______.
A. happens by accident B. can be planned in advance
C. occurs under specific conditions D. can be gained by practice
65. What can we imply from the last paragraph
A. This one percent bias matters little in real life.
B. We should rely on this one percent bias to help us.
C. Though unnoticeable, we may still take advantage of this bias.
D. Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair.
66. What is the best title of this passage
A. Risk-takers Experts recommend coin-toss matches.
B. Luck or Maths Here’re some tips on tossing coins.
C. Coin collectors There’re stories behind each coin.
D. Heads or Tails Research suggests it’s not 50-50.
【答案】63. A 64. A 65. C 66. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了掷硬币存在偏差，难以证明是因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。文章介绍了关于掷硬币正反面概率的研究以及发现。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare.(然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币，这使得实验室测试成为一场噩梦)”可知，很难证明抛硬币时的微小偏差因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。故选A。
【64题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time.(根据之前的研究结果，被扔出的硬币落地时，50.8%的情况下与抛硬币前的一面朝上)”以及后文““We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Barto says.(巴尔托夫斯基说:“我们可以非常肯定，在这个数据集之后，投掷硬币是有偏见的。”)”可知，之前的研究结果让统计学家认为近1%的偏差不是偶然发生的。故划线词意思是“偶然发生”。故选A。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot.(要防止这种偏差影响你的掷硬币比赛并不难；在抛硬币之前隐藏硬币的起始位置就可以达到这个效果。或者，你也可以把硬币放在手掌之间摇晃，这样就完全不用扔硬币了。但是，如果你的朋友没有意识到这种微小的偏差，你也可以从你的微小优势中受益。毕竟，51%的赔率已经很大了)”可知，虽然不明显，但我们仍然可以利用这种偏差。故选C。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top.(2007年，统计学家Persi Diaconis和他的同事进行了一项物理研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差，这是解释这种微妙优势的主要理论。从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它在空中的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面落地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。研究人员确定，硬币在空气中几乎不绕其对称轴转动；相反，他们倾向于不稳定地偏离中心，这导致他们在空中花更多的时间，他们最初的“向上”的一面在上面)”结合文章主要说明了掷硬币存在偏差，难以证明是因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。文章介绍了关于掷硬币正反面概率的研究以及发现。可知，D选项“正面还是反面？研究表明，这并不是五五开”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing.
___________67___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________68___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________69___________ Instead they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________70__________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services.
D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market.
F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
【答案】67. E 68. B 69. A 70. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人引领着消费市场的新潮流的现象。
【67题详解】
根据后文“Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. (成长于互联网时代的年轻消费者，普遍具有更高的教育水平和更广阔的全球视野，并且有着相对强大的经济背景。因此，他们的消费行为与前几代人不同。)”可知，本段主要说明了年轻人在消费市场的影响。故E选项“事实上，年轻人正慢慢成为消费市场的主力军。”符合语境，故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。
【69题详解】
根据后文“Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. (相反，他们更关注产品的质量和功能。)”可知，后文与本句的内容相反，本句是在说明年轻消费者不再追求的产品。故A选项“年轻消费者不再盲目追求时尚或奢侈品。”符合语境，故选A。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (此外，年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，反映了他们的情感需求和自我价值感的增强。)”可知，上文提到年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，本句为本段最后一句，总结这一行为是愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。故F选项“他们愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。”符合语境，故选F。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The ingredients of love
In modern times, finding love seems more central to people’s lives. Then, researchers wonder, can love, a highly valued emotional state, be created
To help determine the ingredients of attraction, one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to predict what kind of relationship they might build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. Reports showed their initial judgments often held true. All these students seemed to distinguish at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling open to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we assess attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Researchers are studying what may create love. One possible factor is the first impressions when people meet and talk to each other, no matter how long the talk lasts. The second key is the smell, through which people get information about others, just like what animals do with pheromones. Last, good appearance also matters and can cause positive thinking.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员正在研究是什么产生了爱情，以及重点介绍了可能产生爱情的三个因素。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Then, researchers wonder, can love, a highly valued emotional state, be created
②To help determine the ingredients of attraction, one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other’s individuality.
③In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.
④When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句One possible factor is the first impression people make when they meet and talk, no matter how long the conversation lasts.
The second key is smell, through which people get information about others, just as animals get information through pheromones.
Finally, a good appearance is also important and can cause positive thinking.
【点睛】[高分句型1]One possible factor is the first impressions when people meet and talk to each other, no matter how long the talk lasts.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]The second key is the smell, through which people get information about others, just like what animals do with pheromones.（运用了介词through+关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 中国文化产业充当着文化交流的桥梁。(act) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry acts as a bridge for cultural exchanges.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和动词时态。主语“中国文化产业”用The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry，主语为单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；表示“充当着”用act as，表示“文化交流的桥梁”用a bridge for cultural exchanges。故翻译为The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry acts as a bridge for cultural exchanges.
73. 滑雪的魅力在于追求速度，突破极限。(charm) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】The charm of skiing lies in pursuing speed and pushing one’s limits (pushing beyond limits).
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“滑雪的魅力”短语为the charm of skiing；表示“在于”短语为lie in；表示“追求”应用动词pursue；后跟名词speed，作宾语；表示“突破极限”应用动名词短语pushing one’s limits或pushing beyond limits。为一般现在时。故翻译为The charm of skiing lies in pursuing speed and pushing one’s limits (pushing beyond limits).
74. 消费复苏的初步迹象对资本市场有积极的影响。(initial) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】The initial signs of recovery in consumption has a positive effect on the capital market.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“消费复苏的初步迹象”应用the initial signs of recovery in consumption；表示“对……有积极影响”短语为have a positive effect on；表示“资本市场”短语为the capital market。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为The initial signs of recovery in consumption has a positive effect on the capital market.
75. 值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。“值得一提的是”可以用句型“It is worth mentioning that…”，It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。“这个城市的权利部门”可以翻译为“the city authorities”，该名词短语在句中作that从句中的主语。“解决”用动词“address”，该动词在从句中作谓语动词。that从句描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“迅速而有效地”可以翻译为“quickly and effectively”，两个并列副词修饰谓语动词。“游客的投诉”可以翻译为“tourists’ complaints”，该名词短语作address的宾语。后面接which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰“the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints”整个句子。“被认为是……”可用动词短语“be regarded/considered/seen as…”，该短语在定语从句中作谓语动词。该从句中是对一般事实的描述，所以用一般现在时态。which指代整个句子，在从句中做主语，所以be动词用is。“成功的危机管理”可以翻译为“successful crisis management”。故翻译为It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你在英语一考中取得了118分的成绩，现在你正面临着是否参加6月份二考的选择，请谈谈你的想法。内容需包括：
1）说明你的选择；
2）阐述你的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
My Decision on the Second English Test
I'm Wu Lei, a student from Mingqi High School. I am writing to share my thoughts on whether to participate in the second English test scheduled for June. After careful consideration, I have decided to forego the second test.
My primary reason for this decision stems from the encouraging score of 118 I achieved in the first exam. This result indicates that I possess a solid foundation in the language, and I believe that with continued effort and dedication, I can further enhance my proficiency. Additionally, I recognize that my time is valuable, and I wish to utilize it effectively. Participating in the second test might not significantly impact my overall score, but it could potentially detract from my focus on other subjects and extracurricular activities.
In conclusion, I am confident in my current English proficiency and believe that my efforts should be directed towards maintaining and improving my performance in other areas. Therefore, I have chosen not to participate in the second English test.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你在英语一考中取得了118分的成绩，现在你正面临着是否参加6月份二考的选择，请谈谈你的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→join in
此外：additionally→besides
提高：enhance→strengthen
总之：in conclusion→in short
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Additionally, I recognize that my time is valuable, and I wish to utilize it effectively.
拓展句：Additionally, after I recognize that my time is valuable, I wish to utilize it effectively.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to share my thoughts on whether to participate in the second English test scheduled for June.(运用了特殊疑问词+不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] In conclusion I am confident in my current English proficiency and believe that my efforts should be directed towards maintaining and improving my performance in other areas. (运用了that引导宾语从句)金山区2023学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷
（考试时间120分钟，总分140分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A shop assistant. B. A waiter. C. A receptionist. D. A travel agent.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes. D. 40 minutes.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. In a university. B. In a gallery. C. In a bookstore. D. In a library.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Happy. B. Exhausted. C. Disappointed. D. Curious.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Read the speech to her. B. Give a different speech.
C. Finish writing the speech. D. Stop worrying about the speech.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Get his car window closed. B. Lend his umbrella to the woman.
C. Borrow the woman’s car key. D. Listen to the weather forecast.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He’s not feeling fine. B. He can’t see very well.
C. His eye doesn’t hurt much. D. His eye isn’t healing quickly.
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. They need to dress similarly. B. The woman should avoid jeans.
C. They had better dress formally. D. The man is looking for a new jacket.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The job is well-paid. B. He has just worked for a day.
C. The weather is not a problem. D. He has trouble riding a bicycle.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman sold her car because she hates driving.
B. The woman thinks it is not convenient to drive a car.
C. The woman will be travelling by subway from now on.
D. The woman moved because she didn’t want to drive anymore.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. A. 5%. B. 80%. C. 40%. D. 10%.
12.
A. Polluting the environment.
B. Destroying wildlife habitats.
C. Endangering new species.
D. Hunting to a great extent.
13.
A. To appeal to people to protect wildlife.
B. To emphasize the importance of the Earth.
C. To describe different ways to stop pollution.
D. To analyze the reasons for wildlife’s disappearing.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. Because it is his nickname.
B. Because he is often called to put out fires.
C. Because he brings more technical technology to each project.
D. Because he is the one who gets called to address troubled projects.
15.
A. He contributes more value than others.
B. He struggled to settle problems but failed.
C. He interfered with the distribution service projects.
D. He learns from past mistakes and successes consciously.
16.
A. To ask for a pay raise. B. To become a fireman.
C. To be the team leader. D. To present a better image.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. Black or white coffee. B. Their teachers in classes.
C. World history classes. D. The beginning of the semester.
18.
A. She has to take the course. B. She finds it interesting.
C. The professor gives good instructions. D. There are many discussions.
19.
A. She holds big lectures. B. She takes her students seriously.
C. She loves the subject so much. D. She gives a usual test in class.
20.
A. Talk to the man’s teacher. B. Take another history course.
C. Meet the man next day. D. Go to the man’s world history class.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
DNA analysis reveals two waves of migration
The results of the study, published in the Science Bulletin, revealed two major migration waves in history. In this pioneering study, scientists from Fudan University ___21___ (dig) into the ancient DNA of individuals buried in Gansu province, revealing interesting insights into the genetic makeup of Hexi Corridor residents dating back over 12 centuries. The research employed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explore) human migration along the Hexi Corridor.
The Hexi Corridor, was a narrow yet crucial link ___23___ (connect) the heartland of ancient China to the Western Territory. Characterized by its lofty mountains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dotted with cities ___24___ (found) along short rivers.
Historical documents attest (证实) to the Hexi Corridor’s significance as a crossroads ___25___ Western and Eastern civilizations mixed through trade, religion and occasional conflicts following the establishment of the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty.
___26___ technological advances in biology open new avenues for exploration, archaeologists are increasingly drawn to analyzing DNA samples. Led by Wen Shaoqing from Fudan University’s Institute of Archaeological Science, the team successfully extracted DNA data ___27___ the teeth and bones found at two sites near Dunhuang.
The DNA analysis pinpointed two outliers (异常样本) dating to the Wei Dynasty and the Tang. Further examination revealed one had approximately 50 percent western Eurasian ancestry and ___28___ 30 percent, suggesting the individuals were likely descendants of unions between western Eurasian women and local men.
___29___ the team concluded was that the genetic mix could be partially attributed to those migrations. Experts said the second major migration period ____30____ (mark) by a significant shift in the gene pool. Historical records say migration facilitated by Chinese explorer Zhang Qian’s visit to the Western Territory from 138 BC resulted in the creation of the Silk Road.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prize G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company ___31___ to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and ___32___ whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint.
“What it meant ___33___, was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the ___34___ of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once ___35___ professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most ___36___— intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a ___37___ of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our ___38___,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been ___39___. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.”
As we are ___40___ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Sandhya Sriram is impatient. The stem-cell (干细胞) scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use, developing cultivated seafood. Yet no one was doing that in Singapore. So four years ago, she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean (甲壳纲动物) meat. ___41___, she registered her company, Shiok Meats in August 2018. “Nobody was doing crustaceans,” says Sriram, Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder. “What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.” A lifelong ___42___, she had never tried real shrimp, but she sampled it the week she registered the company.
Today, the results of her ___43___ can be seen at the headquarters of her company. During a fall 2022 visit, a bio-process engineer looked into a microscope carefully. He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is ___44___ crustacean cells. Under the lens, he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.
Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp, lobster, and crab prototypes (最初形态) to a select group of tasters, and it plans to ___45___ regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April 2023. That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners, putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat ___46___. As of this writing, only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products: Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is ___47___ but only in Singapore. Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval, but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024, offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of ___48___ than crustaceans from farms.
But even if that ambitious ___49___ is met, it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans. It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory, along with ___50___ consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___. Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of 2023, where a 500-liter and a 2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major ___52___ from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors. The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.
___53___ these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production. Organic waste, chemicals, and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater. Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty, as growing protein in a lab helps avoid ___54___ animals. And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s ___55___ cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.
In a word, when science meets seafood, many wonderful things happen naturally.
41.
A. Eagerly B. Hurriedly C. Incidentally D. Interestingly
42.
A. dieter B. foodie C. taster D. vegetarian
43.
A. discipline B. enthusiasm C. discovery D. mindset
44.
A. growing B. investigating C. increasing D. targeting
45.
A. accept B. adopt C. grant D. seek
46.
A. farm B. race C. section D. line
47.
A. available B. affordable C. competitive D. profitable
48.
A. additive B. cruelty C. meat D. salt
49.
A. guideline B. transformation C. condition D. timeline
50.
A. demanding B. directing C. persuading D. training
51.
A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
52.
A. difference B. emergence C. sacrifice D. leap
53.
A. Tracking B. Supervising C. Popularizing D. Sampling
54.
A. feeding B. killing C. mistreating D. trapping
55.
A captured B. stranded C. consumed D. produced
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
There is no known date for when the ancient Greeks or Romans first shared their stories about gods, monsters and heroes. But for the modern myth known as Star Wars, that date is May 25,1977, when the original movie opened in theaters and kicked off a global phenomenon that spanned films, TV shows, novels, comic books, toys, lunchboxes, bed sheets and more. Even today, Star Wars remains an enduring touchstone (检验标准) of pop culture. Critically praised or not, the movies continue to be a big hit.
And just as we know when the mythology began, we also know who invented it: writer-director George Lucas. His inspiration, he told TIME in 1977, was “all the books and films and comics that I liked when I was a child… My main reason for making it was to give young people an honest, wholesome fantasy life, the kind my generation had.”
No one could predict just how much Lucas’ creation would catch on — not even Lucas himself or the film’s star Mark Hamill, who played young hero Luke Skywalker. “I had no idea it would be as successful as it was,” Hamill said in 2017, marking the original film’s 40th anniversary. “I just thought I would be a fan of this even if I weren’t involved.”
Before Lucas created Star Wars, he had an even more ambitious goal — to blow up the ways of Old Hollywood. And he did. Star Wars introduced a new era of moviemaking, one that saw the development of amazing special effects and the tools to achieve them. After this legend, filmmakers felt free to bring their wildest ideas to life in totally realistic ways that left audiences thrilled.
Why did Star Wars become such a powerful force Hamill credits its ability to satisfy the human need for escapism. “People value the idea of going away to some happy place,” he said, “whether it’s Oz or Narnia or Middle Earth or Hogwarts. I think it appeals to children of all ages. It doesn’t matter if you’re 6 or 60. It appeals to the optimistic young idealism that I think every person has, however buried it might be.”
56. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. People should keep digging into the history of ancient myths.
B. More products associated with Star Wars have been created.
C. Some people’s criticism of Star Wars made it less popular than before.
D. Star Wars is more successful in the business field than in the entertainment field.
57. Why did George Lucas invent Star Wars
A. To break the old rules and traditions of making films.
B. To appeal to the optimistic young men to pursue their dreams.
C. To encourage other filmmakers to bring their wild ideas to life.
D To offer young people an as good and healthy fantasy life as he had.
58 Star Wars can have such a great influence mainly because ______.
A. it meets people’s pursuit for a place to escape
B. it symbolizes the beginning of the modern myth
C. the special effects offer amazing viewing experience
D. the main actors in this film are very popular among the public
59. This passage is written to ______.
A. inspire people to be optimistic and ideal
B. introduce the basic information about Star Wars
C. recommend the talented writer-director George Lucas
D. criticize the fact that Star Wars is not as well made as before
B
Looking for a career change Check out these unconventional options!
The Waterslide Tester
When the pool where he worked as a lifeguard was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, Guillaume Pop took jobs at various other pools that were virtually deserted. In one video on the social platform, he pretended to be a “professional waterslide tester”. Unexpectedly, Pop became a social media sensation. He was then hired to “test” slides and other facilities at water parks and swimming pools all over France. “It’s the best job in the world,” declares Pop, whose videos have received 80 million views. “I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!”
The Reindeer Herder
Finnish Lapland is home to around 200,000 wild reindeer. Anne Ollila, one of the 4,000 owners of these animals, works in this harsh but beautiful region with her big family. She gave up her job as a sociology researcher in 2010 to devote herself to reindeer herding full time. In summer, Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 12 miles a night through marsh and forest, enduring all kinds of insects. In deepest winter there is little daylight. Grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection. “Life here isn’t easy but it’s how nature works,” says Ollila, “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom. Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to the chain of life through the generations.”
The Zombie Trainer
Stevie Douglas, a 52-year-old Scot, has taught people how to behave like all varieties of the undead. A big fan of horror movies, Douglas noticed the zombies he saw in films were often unconvincing. “Their movement was poor and I thought I could do better.” So, in 2012, he formed ScareScotland to provide zombies for films and events such as horror conventions. A year later they started a zombie training program, which took off when they received a request for 300 zombies for a three-week-long interactive production. “What we do is very specific.” says Douglas. Many people enjoy being frightened, and he’s happy to oblige them.
60. What do the three people introduced in the passage above have in common
A. Their jobs are dangerous, unstable and low-paid.
B. Their jobs are well received throughout the world.
C. They have great passion and pride in what they do.
D. They need professional qualifications to do their job.
61. What does Guillaume Pop like most about his job
A. It has a sense of freedom. B. It is full of vigor and energy.
C. It is what he has been doing for decades. D. It satisfies people’s wishes to be frightened.
62. Who is most probably interested in this passage
A. Employees who are considering switching jobs.
B. Students who are applying for ideal universities.
C. Children who are interested in unusual activities.
D. Graduates who are deciding on their essay topics.
C
The phrase “coin toss” is a classic equivalent to randomness. But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare.
Franti ek Barto , currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Amsterdam, became fascinated by this challenge four years ago. He couldn’t round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first. “Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,” he says. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers (many of them friends and fellow students) from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin tossing later, the team had performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000.
The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn’t a fluke. “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Barto says.
The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top.
For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn’t perceptible with just a few coin tosses, says another statistician who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss’s slim bias.
It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot.
63. Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses
A. Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests.
B. Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic.
C. Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study.
D. Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence.
64. The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ______.
A. happens by accident B. can be planned in advance
C. occurs under specific conditions D. can be gained by practice
65. What can we imply from the last paragraph
A. This one percent bias matters little in real life.
B. We should rely on this one percent bias to help us.
C. Though unnoticeable, we may still take advantage of this bias.
D. Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair.
66. What is the best title of this passage
A. Risk-takers Experts recommend coin-toss matches.
B. Luck or Maths Here’re some tips on tossing coins.
C. Coin collectors There’re stories behind each coin.
D. Heads or Tails Research suggests it’s not 50-50.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing.
___________67___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________68___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________69___________ Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________70__________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services.
D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market.
F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The ingredients of love
In modern times, finding love seems more central to people’s lives. Then, researchers wonder, can love, a highly valued emotional state, be created
To help determine the ingredients of attraction, one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to predict what kind of relationship they might build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. Reports showed their initial judgments often held true. All these students seemed to distinguish at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling open to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we assess attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 中国文化产业充当着文化交流桥梁。(act) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
73. 滑雪的魅力在于追求速度，突破极限。(charm) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
74. 消费复苏的初步迹象对资本市场有积极的影响。(initial) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
75. 值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你在英语一考中取得了118分的成绩，现在你正面临着是否参加6月份二考的选择，请谈谈你的想法。内容需包括：
1）说明你的选择；
2）阐述你的理由。
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