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虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试
高三英语 试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones
“Please, no flash photography.”
Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of ____21____ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.
The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphone as a command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.
Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows ____25____ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. ____26____ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.
But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to ____28____ with more immoral intentions.
Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, or even GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid _____30_____ (use) the prohibitive software.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily F. extent G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading
43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring
44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive
45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied
46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance
47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of
48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function
49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal
50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence
51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed
52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies
53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement
54. A. mature B. initial C. different D. final
55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. special
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.
It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.
I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.
Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.”
I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”.
56. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves
A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.
B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.
C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.
D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.
57. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up
A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.
B. It requires constant self-improvement and education.
C. It means being employed and living independently.
D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.
58. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult
A. Escaping basic responsibilities.
B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.
C. Comparing personal achievements to others.
D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Why Hide Harms
B. How to Be Better Adults
C. Why Growing up Matters
D. How to Have Effective Conversations
(B)
Guided Desert Adventure
Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking
With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.
You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.
What’s included
Pickup and drop-off
20 minutes of sandboarding
35 minutes of dune bashing
25 minutes of quad biking
10-minute camel ride
Water and soft drinks
A drive through a camel farm
Additional information
Requires a high level of physical fitness.
Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.
Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.
Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.
60. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip
A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.
B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.
C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.
D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.
61. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour
A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400.
62. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour
A. The show was great! I highly recommend!
B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.
C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro.
D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.
(C)
Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole.
A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100 Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.
Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders.
63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy
A. To maximize possible returns and profits.
B. To maintain consistency in business operations.
C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.
D. To attract customers to social events and trainings.
64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean
A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.
B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.
C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars.
D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices.
65 What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process
A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.
B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.
C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.
D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.
66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. The art of coordinating pricing processes
B. The best sales negotiation techniques
C Getting one step closer toward better pricing
D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______
While we may have a loving family a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.
B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize
C. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.
D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.
E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.
F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head — in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 火山喷发是多么令人惊叹自然现象呀！(What) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
73. 除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。(unless) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
74. 随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
75. 这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“戏曲进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到中国传统戏曲文化的独特魅力。(launch) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友William一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给William回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括：
（1）推荐其中一个节目；
（2）通过比较两个节目的信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。
节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures of the Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine
节目内容 介绍故宫里国宝及其背后的故事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方式
节目形式 纪录片 短视频
节目语言 英语解说 无字幕 (subtitles) 中文解说 英语字幕
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试
高三英语 试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones
“Please, no flash photography.”
Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of ____21____ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.
The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphone as a command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.
Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows ____25____ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. ____26____ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.
But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to ____28____ with more immoral intentions.
Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, or even GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid _____30_____ (use) the prohibitive software.
【答案】21. what##whatever##something##anything
22. where 23. awarded
24. to block
25. because##as##since
26. Despite
27. is introduced
28. someone##those
29. patented
30. using
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。苹果公司刚刚为一个系统申请了专利，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。
【21题详解】
考查连词或者代词。句意：像这样礼貌的要求在世界各地的博物馆都可以找到，但它们通常不会阻止人们拍摄自己喜欢的东西。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语。根据句意，此处指物，可译为“东西；事物”，可以用what(ever)连接宾语从句，或者something/anything为先行词，they feel like是省略了关系代词的定语从句。故填what(ever)/something/anything。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
【23题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在今天授予苹果的这项专利概述了一种系统，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词 The patent与award是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填awarded。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰command ，表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to block。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：许多音乐家和表演者已经禁止手机参加他们的演出，因为他们反对网络上流传的免费视频。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。由句意可知，此处表示原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管如此，图像仍然会泄露出去。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。根据句意，此处指“虽然；尽管”，应用介词despite，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态、语态以及虚拟语气。句意：如果苹果的专利被引入iPhone软件，在舞台周围放置红外发射器，这样的泄漏可能会停止发生。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句内容可知，此处条件状语从句应用一般现在时态。主语Apple’s patent 与动词introduce是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填is introduced。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：但这项专利也引发了人们的疑问，即这项技术将把什么样的权力交给意图更不道德的人。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。根据句意，此处指人，应使用someone/those作宾语。故填someone/those。
【29题详解】
考查时态。句意：考虑到该公司在警方要求侵入用户设备时对个人隐私的严格支持，苹果可能只是为这项技术申请了专利，这样其他人就不会使用它。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据上文可知，“苹果为这项技术申请专利”已经发生，故用一般过去时。故填patented。
【30题详解】
考查动名词。句意：但谁知道呢，如果它真的打算在未来的操作系统中引入这一功能，摄像机甚至GoPros的销售可能会得到急需的提振，因为人们试图避免使用这种令人望而却步的软件。根据空前的 avoid 可知，空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填using。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily F. extent G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
【答案】31. B 32. C
33. E 34. G
35 H 36. K
37. J 38. D
39. F 40. I
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，蚝菇可以利用一种特殊的有毒物质冷冻并清除食蘑菇的线虫。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：蘑菇生长在营养不良的枯木上，然后吃掉蠕虫为了获取营养。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据空后for nutrition可知，这些蚝菇为了营养吃掉了蠕虫。根据句意，此处指“吃；消耗”，故填consume。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该研究的资深作者说：“线虫恰好是这些蘑菇遇到的数量最多的动物。”根据空前 the most 可知，空处应填入形容词。根据句意，此处指“丰富的；充足的”，故填plentiful。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：所以我认为，从进化角度来看，这种跨王国的互动非常有趣。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“进化上”，故填evolutionarily。故选E。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：由遗传学家、生物化学家和生物学家组成的研究小组此前发现，蚝菇会释放一种未知的有毒物质，这种物质会在几分钟内以某种方式冷冻蠕虫，并导致一种化学元素流入它们的细胞，杀死它们。根据空前 will 可知，空处应填入动词原形。根据上文oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze 可知，蚝菇冷冻蠕虫，故此处指“冷冻”，故填freeze。故选G。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种机制不同于其他食肉蘑菇所使用的机制，可能是牡蛎蘑菇所独有的。根据空前 This 可知，空处应填入名词作主语。根据句意，此处指“机制”，故填mechanism。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们推断，杀死蠕虫的东西一定是一种不稳定的化合物，当受到干扰时会消失在空气中。根据空后 compound可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“不稳定的”，故填unstable。故选K。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：当他们再次破坏蚝菇组织并随后分析附近的空气时，他们最终发现了一种神经气体，这种气体原来包含在蘑菇表面的微小异形结构中。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“随后”，故填subsequently。故选J。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：当线虫接触蘑菇时，这些结构会释放气体，扰乱蠕虫的细胞壁，导致其静止不动和死亡。分析句子可知，空处应填入动词作谓语。根据句意，此处指“释放”，故填discharge。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这项研究之前，“我们低估了野生蘑菇抵御或消耗线虫的程度，”英国诺里奇塞恩斯伯里实验室的遗传学家尼克·塔尔博特指出。根据空前 the以及空后的to可知，空处应填入名词。根据句意，此处指“程度”，故填 extent。故选F。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他补充道，这项研究展示了“一种非常新颖的方法”。根据空前a very可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“新颖的”，故填novel。故选I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading
43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring
44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive
45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied
46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance
47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of
48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function
49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal
50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence
51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed
52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies
53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement
54 A. mature B. initial C. different D. final
55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. special
【答案】41. D 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学HuthLab进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。恢复交流困难病人的交流能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活，但它也可以让其他实体在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活，因此，随着脑科学的更多开发，考虑神经技术的应用对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过人工智能(AI)和脑成像技术的结合，无法与外界交流的人的思想和印象首次被翻译成连续的自然语言。A. eager渴望的；B. ready准备好的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. unable不能够的。根据“were translated into continuous natural language”和下文“Losing the ability to communicate”可知，空处修饰people，此处表示一些人无法与外界交流，他们的想法被翻译成语言。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是迄今为止最接近读心术的科学方法。A. clearing清理；B. occupying占据；C. changing改变；D. reading看透（心思或想法）、读懂。根据上文“For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___1___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language”可知，有交流困难的人的想法被翻译成语言，这是一种解读大脑思维的方法。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：恢复这种能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活。A. Reducing减少；B. Restricting限制；C. Restoring恢复；D. Requiring要求。根据“gives the patient greater control over their lives.”及前文“Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.”可知，有的人无法交流，恢复这种能力能让病人更好的生活。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它也可以让其他实体，如公司、研究人员和其他第三方，在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活。A. irrelevant不相关的；B. uncomfortable不舒适的；C. negligible微不足道的；D. supportive支持的。根据“But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties”及“degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients”可知，解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处，但是也会在让他们不舒适的程度上控制他们的生活。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：位于纽约哥伦比亚大学的神经权利基金会(NeuroRights Foundation)认为，所有人都需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。A. needed需要；B. limited限制；C. controlled控制；D. denied否认。根据“new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be”及“for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will.”可知，需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：残疾患者的潜在弱点使这成为一个特别重要的问题。A. application申请，应用；B. weakness弱点；C. impact影响；D. significance意义。根据“of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem”可知，残疾患者是弱者，有着交流上的弱点，所以需要新的权力才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志，这是十分重要的问题。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：与这种方法一致，智利是第一个通过立法，起草新法律来解决神经技术风险的国家。A. In comparison with与……相比；B. In line with与……一致；C. At the conclusion of在……结束时；D. At the cost of以……为代价。根据上文所说“that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___5___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will.”及“Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology.”可知，智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，而且还在通过一项禁止销售神经数据的法案，并迫使所有神经技术设备作为医疗设备进行监管，即使是那些面向普通消费者的设备。A. integrity完整；B. condition条件；C. disorder混乱；D. function功能。根据结合上文“___3___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.”及空后法案内容可知，该法案与上文方法一致，不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，还保障了数据安全性。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：拟议的立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，并将其视为器官组织，不能买卖，只能捐赠。A. group小组；B. general整体上；C. physical身体上的；D. personal个人的。根据“which cannot be bought or sold, only donated”可知，该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，不能买卖、捐赠。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这项立法也面临着批评，法律学者质疑新权利的必要性，并指出它可能会阻碍对残疾患者有益的大脑研究。A. interaction互动；B. chance机会；C. criticism批评；D. defence防御。根据“with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.”可知，该立法也接受了法律学者的批评。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然智利采取的法律行动是迄今为止最具影响力和影响深远的，但其他国家正在考虑更新现有法律，以应对神经技术的新发展。A. far-reaching影响深远的；B. labor-saving节省劳力的；C. short-sighted目光短浅的；D. ill-timed不合时宜的。根据“the most impactful”可知，空处与形容词impactful并列，表示“影响深远的”，情感色彩一致。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然神经技术的第一个应用很可能是医疗，但未来的发展可能会涉及娱乐等消费应用，以及军事和安全目的。A. advances发展、进步；B. arrangements安排；C. requirements要求；D. policies政策。根据“are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes.”可知，此处表示这项技术的未来发展和进步。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：神经技术在商业环境中的日益普及只会引起更多的法律问题。A. confidence自信心；B. availability可用性，可能性；C. membership会员身份；D. movement移动，运动。根据前文“future ___12___ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes.”可知，越多的普及该技术可用性，就会引起更多法律问题。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。A. mature成熟的；B. initial起初的；C. different不同的；D. final最终的。根据后文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science”可知，我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们开始发现脑科学的巨大潜力时，考虑它们对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。A. diversified多样化的；B. genuine真诚的；C. pressing紧迫的；D. special特别的。根据“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more”可知，脑科学发展越多，其中涉及的个人信息数据安全就越多，考虑法律影响就越迫切。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.
It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.
I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.
Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.”
I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”.
56. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves
A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.
B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.
C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.
D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.
57. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up
A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.
B. It requires constant self-improvement and education.
C. It means being employed and living independently.
D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.
58. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult
A. Escaping basic responsibilities.
B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.
C. Comparing personal achievements to others.
D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Why Hide Harms
B. How to Be Better Adults
C. Why Growing up Matters
D. How to Have Effective Conversations
【答案】56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自我反思，并从22岁的博鲁身上学会了如何做一个好成年人。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not. (我了解到，在人类的内心深处，除了爱和善良之外，还有愤怒、需要、贪婪、嫉妒、破坏性和优越感——无论我们是否愿意承认它们。)”可知，了解我们自己意味着接受自己好的一面和坏的一面。故选C。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” (“你开始与自己进行这些对话，你变得更诚实了。我不再觉得我在隐瞒任何事情，因为我没有隐瞒自己。”)可知，博鲁教会了作者，成为一个好成年人就像是一次自我发现和诚实的旅程。故选D。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. (我意识到是什么让我觉得自己像个坏成年人：我会坐在一个坏冰箱旁边，而不是叫工程师来修理它。)”可知，作者感觉自己像个不称职的成年人，因为他逃避了基本责任。故选A。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. (是22岁的博鲁教会了我做一个好成年人的真正意义。)”以及最后一段中的“I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. (我认为成长过程中必须找到自己的方式来进行这些对话。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何成为一个好的成年人。故选B。
(B)
Guided Desert Adventure
Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking
With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.
You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.
What’s included
Pickup and drop-off
20 minutes of sandboarding
35 minutes of dune bashing
25 minutes of quad biking
10-minute camel ride
Water and soft drinks
A drive through a camel farm
Additional information
Requires a high level of physical fitness.
Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.
Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.
Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.
60. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip
A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.
B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.
C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.
D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.
61. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour
A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400.
62. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour
A. The show was great! I highly recommend!
B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.
C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro.
D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.
【答案】60. D 61. D 62. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，为一个沙漠冒险的探险指南和费用信息。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章图片下第一段“With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.(参加这次旅行，您将有半天的时间在沙漠中进行冒险活动)”及第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点来开始你的旅程，有机会在该地区拍照)”可知，在此活动中，参与者可以用相机捕捉令人惊叹的沙漠景观。故选D。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Select time中US$ 55并结合最后一段“Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.(中午之后开始的旅游包括有糖果和水果的烧烤晚餐，每人只需额外支付45美元)”可知，下午2点的旅程要每个人另外加45美元，即，一共需要花费（55+45）*4=400美元。故选D。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Guided Desert Adventure(沙漠探险指南)”可知，这是一个探险活动，而非表演；根据文章图片下第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点，有机会在该地区拍照。在沙丘的顶端，您将有机会通过滑板滑下。从这里开始，你将准备好乘坐四轮驱动汽车去打一些沙丘。接下来，你将跳上一辆四轮摩托车，有时间在露天的沙漠里开车。最后，你将在沙漠的一小部分骑骆驼)”可知，旅行工具里没有提到地铁；观察图片可知，这是网上订购的，并非需要提前到买票，因此，之前参加过的人可能会评论“这很有趣，我享受其中的每一分钟。”故选B。
(C)
Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole.
A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100 Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.
Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders.
63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy
A. To maximize possible returns and profits.
B. To maintain consistency in business operations.
C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.
D. To attract customers to social events and trainings.
64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean
A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.
B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.
C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars.
D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices.
65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process
A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.
B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.
C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.
D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.
66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. The art of coordinating pricing processes
B. The best sales negotiation techniques
C. Getting one step closer toward better pricing
D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies
【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”可知，公司的定价政策应该与其总体营销策略保持一致，以实现成功，故选B项。
【64题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. (Saturn公司“no hassle, no haggle”的政策，消除了经销商和潜在客户之间发生冲突的可能性。客户更容易购买汽车，因为他们知道下一个进门的人不会协商更好的交易。)”可知，该政策意味着价格是固定的、不可议价的，从而排除客户议价获得更好交易的可能性。故选D项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. (当然，定价过程中通常有很多参与者：会计提供成本估算;营销传达定价策略；销售人员提供具体的客户意见；生产设置供应边界；财务部门为整个公司的财务状况制定了要求。来自不同来源的投入是必要的。)”可知，定价过程的广泛参与是因为决策需要收集全面的信息，故选A项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (定价是经理们最头疼的营销问题。这是他们感到压力最大的地方，也是他们最不确定自己是否做得很好的地方。所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”及全文可知，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。因此C项“向更好的定价迈进一步”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______
While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.
B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize
C. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.
D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.
E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.
F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
【答案】67. B 68. A 69. F 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是习惯化以及如何改变。
【67题详解】
根据上文“The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better.(励志书籍、健康播客和幸福研讨会的流行无可否认地反映了人类对生活更美好的持续渴望)”以及第二段“While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.(虽然我们可能有一个充满爱的家庭，一个住得好的地方，一份体面的工作，但我们常常没有注意到这些东西。这并不是因为我们忘恩负义或愚蠢，而是因为我们大脑的一个基本特征，即习惯化)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出许多人的生活比他们意识到的要好。故B选项“但是，有没有可能我们中的许多人的生活已经比我们意识到的要好呢？”符合语境，故选B。
【68题详解】
根据上文“Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same.(习惯化是神经元对固定事物的反应越来越少的趋势。你走进一个摆满玫瑰的房间，过了一会儿，你就再也闻不到玫瑰的香味了;就像你习惯了鲜花的香味一样，你也习惯了一段充满爱的关系，习惯了升职，习惯了一个美好的家，习惯了一件美妙的艺术品。就像日报的头版一样，你的大脑关心的是最近发生了什么变化，而不是什么保持不变)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出曾经让你惊艳的东西变成了习以为常的事物。故A选项“所以，曾经让你屏息凝神的东西变成了生活的一部分”符合语境，故选A。
【69题详解】
根据后文“That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.(也就是说，你可以突然开始感知并对你已经变得麻木的事物做出反应)”可知，本句主要引出后文，指出上文提到的习惯化是可以改变的。故F选项“好消息是你可以改变习惯”符合语境，故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文“If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list.(如果某件事是固定不变的，我们通常会假设（也许是无意识地）它会一直存在，因此，我们会把注意力和精力集中在清单上的下一件事上)”以及后文“If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.(如果它的核心是好的，它可能会重新发光。这就是为什么离开的时间，无论多么短暂，都会让你用全新的眼光看待你的生活，并打破现实)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出如何对待固定不变的事物来改变我们对其的看法。故D选项“但是如果我们能使这个弱化固定不变的东西，我们的注意力就会自然地回到它身上”符合语境，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head — in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A study dives into the lingering effect of earworms. It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music. Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes. Studying earworms may deepen the understanding of brain activities and individual diferences in some respects.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究深入研究了耳虫的挥之不去的影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
②The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music.
③In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual.
④The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The study found that the songs most likely to reach listeners share the same melodic patterns common in Western pop music.
In addition, unique intervals also help to form earworms, potentially helping people create catchy tunes.
Studying earworms can in some ways deepen understanding of brain activity and individual differences.
【点睛】[高分句型1]It finds that songs most likely to become earworms share recognizable melodic patterns prevalent in Western pop music.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Besides, distinctive intervals also help form earworms, potentially aiding people in creating catchy tunes.（运用了现在分词作状语）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 火山喷发是多么令人惊叹的自然现象呀！(What) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What an amazing natural phenomenon a volcanic eruption/explosion is!
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、名词以及感叹句。表示“火山喷发”应用名词短语volcanic eruption/explosion；表示“令人惊叹的”应用形容词amazing；表示“自然现象”应用名词短语natural phenomenon。分析句子可知，此处应用what引导的感叹句，即“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! ”。故翻译为：What an amazing natural phenomenon a volcanic eruption/explosion is!
73. 除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。(unless) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Unless more up-lo-date content is provided for the audience, video traffic will decline.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句以及动词的时态和语态。表示“新鲜的内容”应用up-lo-date content；表示“观众”应用名词audience；表示“视频流量”应用名词短语video traffic；表示“下降”应用动词decline；表示“除非”应用unless引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知，“内容”和“提供”是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。本句条件状语从句用一般现在时态，主句用一般将来时态。故翻译为：Unless more up-lo-date content is provided for the audience, video traffic will decline.
74. 随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As people’s lives returned to normal and the pace of work sped up, some pets were left homeless on the streets.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、动词的时态和语态。表示“回归正轨”应用短语return to normal；表示“节奏”应用名词pace；表示“加快”应用动词短语speed up；表示“无家可归”应用形容词homeless；表示“被遗弃街头无家可归”应用be left homeless on the streets；表示“随着……”应用as引导时间状语从句。由句意可知，本句应用一般过去时态描述过去的动作。故翻译为：As people’s lives returned to normal and the pace of work sped up, some pets were left homeless on the streets.
75. 这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“戏曲进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到中国传统戏曲文化的独特魅力。(launch) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Traditional Opera in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of Chinese traditional opera culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和现在分词。根据时间状语“近年来”In recent years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语“这所百年老校”this century-old school，单数名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，“开展”launch用现在完成时形式，助动词用has，“一系列”a series of，后接““戏曲进课堂”活动”‘Traditional Opera in the Classroom’ activities，作介词of的宾语，“允许某人做某事”allow sb. to do sth.，allow用现在分词形式作结果状语，表示一种自然而然，意料之中的结果，“更多的学生”more students，作allow的宾语，“感受”experience，用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语，“中国传统戏曲文化的独特魅力”the unique charm of Chinese traditional opera culture。故翻译为：In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Traditional Opera in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of Chinese traditional opera culture.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友William一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给William回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括：
（1）推荐其中一个节目；
（2）通过比较两个节目的信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。
节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures of the Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine
节目内容 介绍故宫里的国宝及其背后的故事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方式
节目形式 纪录片 短视频
节目语言 英语解说 无字幕 (subtitles) 中文解说 英语字幕
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【答案】Dear William,
Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures of the Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you.
The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects. To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world. In this programme, you will be introduced the process of making Chinese traditional food, which is also a part of the Chinese culture. In addition, it won't cost you much time since it is presented by short video, so that you can choose your time freely. Last but not least, although the programme is spoken in Chinese, there are English subtitles for you to have a full understanding of the content.
To sum up, it is advisable that you choose the second one. Hope the above might be of any help to you. Thank you for your time and wish you a great success in learning about the Chinese culture.
Yours,
Zhao Lei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友William写一封邮件，给他提一些关于了解中国文化节目的选择建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
选择：option→choice
总之：to sum up→in short
普遍地：universally→widely
有帮助的：be of help→be helpful
2.句式拓展
改为复合句
原句：The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects.
拓展句：The reasons why I made the choice can be analyzed in three aspects.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures of the Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you.(运用了现在分词短语作状语和idea后that引导的同位语从句)
【高分句型2】To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)

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