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2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 首字母填空（上海专用）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、短文填空
（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。首字母已给。
AN ANCIENT MURDER[1]
In 1991, hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a body frozen in ice in tzi. They were surprised to learn that it belonged to a man who died 5,300 years ago! This was the o 1 complete human body ever found.
Scientists named the man tzi after the p 2 he was found. They studied his body and learned many things. His teeth and skull[2] showed that he was probably in his 40s. He wore thick clothes and shoes made of bear skin. He carried a stone knife, wooden arrows, and equipment for starting fires. And he had a copper axe[3]—a rare and valuable t 3 back when tzi was alive.
The Plot Thickens
Most interestingly, there were injuries on tzi’s body that showed he was a 4 . There was a piece from a stone arrow buried deep in his left shoulder. Scientists believe this is what killed him. There was also the blood of four other people on his clothes, as well as injuries on his hands. These injuries were not c 5 healed[4]—they were recent, but not as recent as the injury on his shoulder.
tzi’s story quickly became a murder mystery[5]—the world’s earliest murder mystery. Why was he killed Was he running away when he died And why was he even there, in such a cold and faraway place New studies in 2010 and 2018 revealed more clues.
New Findings
Scientists learned that tzi ate a big m 6 right before he died—they found goat and deer meat in his stomach. He was therefore probably resting, not running, when he died. They also learned that the arrow in tzi’s shoulder hit him from behind.
Did someone injure tzi in a fight, and did tzi run up the mountain to e 7 Did that same person follow tzi up the mountain and shoot him in the back It’s a good theory, but scientists will probably never completely know how or why tzi died.
Word box [1] murder n. & v. 谋杀 [2]skull n. 颅骨 [3]copper axe 铜斧 [4]heal v. 愈合 [5]mystery n. 不可理解之事
【答案】1．(o)ldest 2．(p)lace 3．(t)ool 4．(a)ttacked 5．(c)ompletely 6．(m)eal 7．(e)scape
【导语】本文介绍了1991年，意大利阿尔卑斯山的徒步旅行者发现的一具冰冻的身体。他们惊讶地发现，它属于一个5300年前去世的人。
1．句意：这是迄今发现的最古老的完整人体。根据“a man who died 5,300 years ago”以及首字母，可知是古老的完整人体，结合空前的the，要用最高级oldest“最古老的”，故填(o)ldest。
2．句意：科学家们以他被发现的地方命名了这名男子 tzi。根据“In 1991, hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a body frozen in ice in tzi.”以及“named the man tzi”可知是以他被发现的地方命名了这名男子，place“地方”，此空用单数，指代他被发现的那个地方。故填(p)lace。
3．句意：他还有一把铜斧——这是 tzi在世时的一把稀有而珍贵的斧头。根据“copper axe”可知是指工具。tool“工具”，前有a修饰，因此此空用单数。故填(t)ool。
4．句意：最有趣的是， tzi身上的伤痕表明他是被袭击的。根据“There was a piece from a stone arrow buried deep in his left shoulder. Scientists believe this is what killed him.”以及结合首字母，可知是attack“袭击”，此空与主语he之间有被动意义，be done的结构，因此用过去分词形式。故填(a)ttacked。
5．句意：这些伤并没有完全愈合——它们是最近的，但没有他肩膀上的伤那么近。根据“These injuries were not…healed”可知是指没完全愈合，副词completely修饰动词。故填(c)ompletely。
6．句意：科学家们了解到， tzi在去世前吃了一顿大餐——他们在他的胃里发现了山羊和鹿的肉。根据“they found goat and deer meat in his stomach”可知此处山羊和鹿的肉是指大餐，meal“餐”，空前有a修饰，用单数。故填(m)eal。
7．句意：有没有人打伤 tzi， tzi是不是跑上山逃跑。根据“Did someone injure tzi in a fight, and did tzi run up the mountain”以及结合首字母，可知是指跑上山逃跑，escape“逃跑”，不定式to后接动词原形。故填(e)scape。
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Anger（生气）is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team l 8 an important game, when your friend borrows your favourite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe much f 9 , your face turns red and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your h 10 . The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.
In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be released in a right way, w 11 hurting others or yourself. Let me give you some advice.
Get into the h 12 of saying how you’re feeling and why. If you are having trouble with your temper, talk about it with your parents or friends and tell them what you are trying to do . It's helpful to talk about your anger with other people. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Words help you show your feelings and r 13 understanding from others. On the other hand, when you start to feel angry, you can do some other things: count from 1 to 100; go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc. Don’t let your anger c 14 you. Remember that how you act when you are anger can make everything better or worse
【答案】8．(l)oses 9．(f)aster 10．(h)ead 11．(w)ithout 12．(h)abit 13．(r)eceive 14．(c)ontrol
【导语】本文主要讲述了愤怒是一种感觉。许多事情会让你生气，当你生气时，你的身体会产生变化，事实上，掩饰你的愤怒是不好的，有时候你生气是正常的，但愤怒必须以正确的方式发泄，不伤害别人或自己。
8．句意：当你的老师给你太多的家庭作业，当你的球队输掉一场重要的比赛，当你朋友借用你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时，你可能会非常生气。根据“an important game”及首字母l可知此处应用动词lose表示“输了比赛”，句子采用一般现在时叙事，主语为your team，谓语应用lose的三单形式loses。故填(l)oses。
9．句意：例如，你呼吸得快得多，你的脸变红，你可能想打破某物或击中某人，但有时，你隐藏你的愤怒。根据常识可知，生气时，呼吸比平时快；根据“much”和首字母f可知此处应用副词fast的比较级faster来修饰动词breathe。故填(f)aster。
10．句意：例如，你可以把它藏在脑子里。根据下文“you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.”及首字母h可知是藏在脑子里，应用名词head来表示“头脑，脑袋”。故填(h)ead。
11．句意：但愤怒必须以正确的方式释放出来，不要伤害他人或自己。根据“hurting others or yourself”和首字母w可知此处应用介词短语without doing sth表示“不做某事”。故填(w)ithout。
12．句意：养成说出自己感受和原因的习惯。根据首字母h可知动词短语get into the habit of doing sth表示“养成做某事的习惯”。故填(h)abit。
13．句意：话语可以帮助你表达你自己的感受并获得他人的理解。根据“understanding from others”及首字母r可知是得到别人的理解，此处应用动词receive表示“获得，接受”；根据“show your feelings and”可知and连接两个并列的省略to的动词不定式，即动词原形。故填(r)eceive。
14．句意：不要让你的愤怒控制了你。根据“Don’t let your anger”及首字母c可知是不让愤怒控制自己，此处应用动词control表示“控制”，let sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，此处应用省略to的不定式，即动词原形。故填(c)ontrol。
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Storing data(数据) has become more convenient. Thirty years ago, people had to depend on floppy disks(软磁盘). N 15 , all we have to do is hit the “Save” button on our screens. The files will then be stored in the “cloud.” It seems that we will never run out of space. Isn’t that great
In fact, however, the storage space we now have is not c 16 enough. Every day, 4. 5 billion internet users create a LARGE amount of data. By 2025, the amount of data worldwide will have r 17 175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB). Clearly, we can’t cover every piece of land on the planet with data centers. So where can we store all of this data
Fortunately, some researchers have been working on new storage technologies. One of these technologies is DNA storage. DNA storage sounds futurist, but in some ways, it’s just the opposite. B 18 computers were invented, nature had been using DNA to store information.
In 2012, researchers at Harvard University wrote a book, 11 pictures and a computer program into human DNA．Each gram of DNA can hold 2.2 petabytes (PB．of information (1 ZB =1,048,576 PB．If DNA is kept in the right condition, it can keep the stored information s 19 for a million years.
There are still p 20 with using DNA for data storage. For example, it takes lots of time to write into and read from DNA．Scientists are trying to i 21 this technology. We will have to wait to see how their efforts pay off in the future.
【答案】15．(N)owadays 16．(c)lose 17．(r)eached 18．(B)efore 19．(s)afe 20．(p)roblems 21．(i)mprove
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着电脑数据不断增长，储存数据的难度增加，以及DNA技术来储存数据存在的问题。
15．句意：如今，我们所要做的就是点击屏幕上的“保存”按钮。根据“Thirty years ago, people had to depend on floppy disks(软磁盘).”以及“all we have to do is hit the ‘Save’ button on our screens.”几首字母提示可知，此处说的是现如今的情况，nowadays“如今”，是副词，故填(N)owadays。
16．句意：然而，事实上，我们现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密。根据“Every day, 4. 5 billion internet users create a LARGE amount of data. By 2025, the amount of data worldwide will have...175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB).”及首字母提示可知，现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密，此处用形容词close，故填(c)lose。
17．句意：到2025年，全球数据量将达到175ZB (1 ZB=1012 GB)。根据“the amount of data worldwide will have...175 zettabytes”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是reach“达到”，介绍过去的事情，动词用过去式，故填(r)eached。
18．句意：在计算机发明之前，大自然一直在使用DNA来存储信息。根据“computers were invented, nature had been using DNA to store information.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是计算机发明之前，before“在……之前”，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填(B)efore。
19．句意：如果DNA保存在合适的条件下，它可以将存储的信息安全保存100万年。根据“If DNA is kept in the right condition, it can keep the stored information...for a million years.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是safe“安全的”，此处是“keep sth+adj”的结构，故填safe。
20．句意：使用DNA进行数据存储仍然存在问题。根据首字母提示及“For example, it takes lots of time to write into and read from DNA.”可知，此处指的是“有问题”，problem“问题”，结合“There are”可知，此处名词用复数形式，故填(p)roblems。
21．句意：科学家们正在努力改进这项技术。根据“Scientists are trying to...this technology. We will have to wait to see how their efforts pay off in the future.”及首字母提示可知，此处说的是技术正在改进中，improve“提升”，空前有to，此处动词用原形，故填(i)mprove。
（23-24九年级上·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The most important part of any computer is its central processing unit, or CPU. It is the CPU that information and instructions are processed. The CPU has a memory unit. This unit s 22 information and instructions. It holds information and instructions until they are needed. In some computers, the memory is a group of magnetic cores (磁芯). In o 23 , it is a magnetic tape, disk, or drum. Information appears on tapes and disks as magnetic spots. In the smallest computers, the memory, or even the whole CPU, may be on a tiny piece of equipment called a chip (芯片).
The CPU a 24 has an arithmetic (运算) unit. This is another main part which sorts information and computes—add, subtracts, and so on.
An important unit of the CPU is called the “captain” of the computer because it can c 25 the work of the computer. It gets instructions from the memory. Then it tells the memory what information to send to the arithmetic unit. F 26 , it tells the arithmetic unit how to process the information.
Input Equipment
Input means information that is fed into a computer. B 27 a computer can do any work, information and instructions must go into it. Such information and instruction for a computer is called software. The input equipment takes information and instruction from the outside world. Then it puts it into code (代码) for the computer to use. Special keyboards serve as input equipment on most home computers.
Output Equipment
Output means information delivered from a computer according to coded instruction. Information can come out of a computer in many f 28 . It can show up on a display screen, or it can be turned out on paper by a printer.
【答案】22．(s)tores 23．(o)thers 24．(a)lso 25．(c)ontrol 26．(F)inally 27．(B)efore 28．(f)orms
【导语】本文主要介绍了计算机的组成部分以及各部分的功能。
22．句意：这个单元式存储信息和指令的。根据“information and instructions”和“It holds information and instructions until they are needed.”，可知空处应为动词，计算机存储信息和指令后才能在需要的时候被抓取，空处应为store“存储”，主语This unit是名词单数，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数stores。故填(s)tores。
23．句意：在另一些计算机中，内存的构成是磁带、磁盘和磁鼓。根据“In some computers, the memory is a group of magnetic cores”，可知空处指“另一些计算机”，指代名词复数且空后没有名词，用others。故填(o)thers。
24．句意：CPU也有运算单元。文章前三段介绍了CPU，根据第一段“The CPU has a memory unit”和第二段“The CPU a...has an arithmetic (运算) unit.”，可知此处是在介绍CPU的另外一个功能，also“也”。故填(a)lso。
25．句意：CPU的一个重要的单元被称为计算机的“队长”，因为它是控制计算机工作的。根据“An important unit of the CPU is called the captain of the computer”，可知队长发出指令控制计算机，空处应为control“控制”，情态动词can后加动词原型。故填(c)ontrol。
26．句意；最后，它告诉运算单元如何处理信息。根据“It gets instructions from the memory. Then it tells...”，可知此处讲了它的工作流程，空处应为“最后”finally。故填(F)inally。
27．句意：在电脑工作前，必须输入信息和指令。根据“Such information and instruction for a computer is called software.”，可知必须要输入信息和指令，计算机才能工作，空处应为before“在……之前”。故填(B)efore。
28．句意：信息可以以很多形式从计算机中出来。根据“It can show up on a display screen, or it can be turned out on paper by a printer.”，可知此处是计算机输出信息的形式，空处应为form“形式”，many后加名词复数forms。故填(f)orms。
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
One day, Jackson aged eight went fishing with his father. At noon he felt that something big on his line, he c 29 took the fish out of the water. It was the l 30 one he had ever seen.
His father looked at his watch. It was nearly three hours before the fishing season opened. He looked at the fish, then at Jackon.
“You’ll have to put it back, son,” he said.
“Dad!” cried Jackon.
“There will be other fish,” said his father.
“Not as big as this one,” cried Jackon.
He looked a 31 . There were no other fishermen. He looked again at his father. He could tell that the d 32 was not negotiable（可以商量的）. He slowly worked the hook out of the fish and put it into the water.
That was 35 years ago. Today, Jackson is an excellent manager. He sometimes t 33 his own children to fish in the same river. He has n 34 again caught such a large fish as the one he got that day. But he does see that same fish again and again every time he comes up against a question of ethics（道德）.
Do we do right when n 35 is looking We would if we were taught to put the fish back when we were young.
【答案】29．(c)arefully 30．(l)argest 31．(a)round 32．(d)ecision 33．(t)akes 34．(n)ever 35．(n)obody
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了Jackson和父亲去钓鱼，钓鱼过程中Jackson 学到了人生重要一课。
29．句意：中午，他觉得钓线上有个大东西，他小心翼翼地把鱼从水里捞了出来。根据“something big on his line”可知，他钓到了一只很大的鱼，结合首字母与动词“took”可知此处应为carefully“小心翼翼地、认真地”，故填(c)arefully。
30．句意：这是他见过的最大的一只。根据“he felt that something big on his line”与“he had ever seen”可知鱼非常重；结合首字母及“the”可知应为largest“最重的，最大的”，故填(l)argest。
31．句意：他看向四周。根据“looked”和首字母可知此处考查look around“看向四周”，故填(a)round。
32．句意：他看得出来决定是不可谈判的。根据“He slowly worked the hook out of the 名词decision“决定”，故填(d)ecision。
33．句意：根据“his own children to fish in the same river”可知他会带小孩去这条河垂钓，根据结合首字母可知考查take sb to sp“带某人去某地”；结合“He sometimes”可知一般现在时主语单三，故填(t)akes。
34．句意：他再也没有钓到像那天那样大的鱼了。根据“But he does see that same fish again and again every time he comes up against a question of ethics（道德）”可知虽然他没再钓到那样大的鱼，但每次他遇到道德问题时，他都会一次又一次地看到那条鱼，结合首字母和“again”可知此处考查never again“再也未”，故填(n)ever。
35．句意：当没人在看的时候，我们做得对吗？根据前文和“There were no other fishermen.”可知当时他钓到很大的鱼，四周无人但父亲还是让他放了，结合首字母可知此处应为nodody“无人”，故填(n)obody。
（22-23九年级上·上海徐汇·期末）Interview with an artisan (工匠) Baker
Jenny’s Sweets is a famous bakery in the heart of Jing’an. It opened in 2016, and quickly became the first choice for locals. In this interview, we speak with the owner, to learn what makes her business so successful.
What does it mean to be an “artisan” baker
It is so amazing how wonderful e 36 has been here. At first, opening a bakery in a new country was worried. But the people here are so nice, and they r 37 like coming to my little artisan bakery.
Why make everything by hand
Well, to me, it means that we make our bread and cakes by hand, the t 38 way. We don’t use machines or frozen foods to make our products. Our products are healthier and taste better b 39 everything is made fresh every morning,
I know that a mommy is feeding her family with bread I made. It’s a big r 40 to give them healthy, tasty foods that will make them happy. If we used machines to make our products, all of our cake pops would be the same.
Wouldn’t using machines make your job easier
I suppose so. If we use machines, we could make more products. It would be much c 41 , too. Also, we wouldn’t sell out of popular products, so we would make more money. But, our bread wouldn’t taste nearly as good. And it would be a lot less healthy. Personally, I p 42 to sell OUT of something good, than sell a LOT of something bad. As they say: “Quality over Quantity (数量).”
【答案】36．(e)veryone/(e)verybody 37．(r)eally 38．(t)raditional 39．(b)ecause 40．(r)esponsibility 41．(c)heaper 42．(p)refer
【导语】本文是一篇对一位工匠面包师的采访内容。
36．句意：这里的每个人都很棒，真是太棒了。根据“It is so amazing how wonderful e... has been here.”可推出此处指来这里的每个人，everyone/everybody“每个人”。故填(e)veryone/(e)verybody。
37．句意：但是这里的人都很好，他们真的很喜欢来我的小手工面包店。根据“and they r... like coming to my little artisan bakery”可推出是真的很喜欢来小手工面包店，really“真的”，副词修饰动词。故填(r)eally。
38．句意：对我来说，这意味着我们用传统的方式手工制作面包和蛋糕。根据“we make our bread and cakes by hand”可推出用手工制作面包和蛋糕属于传统的方式，traditional“传统的”。故填(t)raditional。
39．句意：我们的产品更健康，味道更好，因为每样东西都是每天早上新鲜制作的。句子前果后因，用because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。
40．句意：给他们健康、美味的食物，让他们开心，这是一个很大的责任。根据“to give them healthy, tasty foods that will make them happy”可推出这些事面包店的责任，responsibility“责任”，a后用单数。故填(r)esponsibility。
41．句意：也会便宜得多。根据“If we use machines, we could make more products.”结合常识可知产量多会更便宜，cheap“便宜的”，结合“more products”可知用比较级cheaper。故填(c)heaper。
42．句意：就我个人而言，我宁愿把好东西卖光，也不愿卖很多坏东西。prefer to do sth. than do sth.“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，I后用动词原形。故填(p)refer。
（22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
“Au pair”, originally a French term, refers to a foreigner who lives with a family, so he/she can learn the family’s language and culture, while at the same time he/she takes care of the family’s children and/or cleans the house in return for food, accommodations (住宿) and a small s 43 . In the past few years, many young Chinese have become au pairs in other countries, and many young foreigners have moved to China to work as au pairs.
R 44 , the magazine, Women of China, has interviewed three young Chinese, and three foreigners in China, each of whom shared his/her own experiences as an au pair. The following is from an au pair called Natalia Martinez Perez from Republic of Colombia.
I am 19 years old, and I come from Cali, a city in the Republic of Colombia. I have good relations with my brother and cousins. I love children, and I consider myself to be a happy person, who is able to make others happy as well. My dream is to travel around the w 45 , and to learn about different cultures and languages.
I saw the beautiful scenery of China and I learned about Chinese culture from m 46 and dramas (戏剧) that I watched. I practiced speaking Chinese whenever I had free time. I have always been interested in travelling to China since I fell in love with China and its culture. I respect the Chinese culture, and I want to know more about it.
I was an au pair in some other countries before I moved to China in October 2015. When I heard about the chance to go to China, I immediately applied.
Now, I live with my host family in Shanghai. The family has a daughter. I have d 47 a good relationship with the girl, her parents and their relatives. The girl says she really likes me. She asks me to tell her a story before she goes to sleep each night.
I teach the girl English after she finishes her homework. I teach her in various ways, and she has showed a great interest in learning English. I cook Colombian food for the girl sometimes, and we also like to go shopping together.
Becoming an au pair has p 48 a good chance for me to experience different cultures in different countries. I think I am having an a 49 experience in China.
【答案】43．(s)alary 44．(R)ecently 45．(w)orld 46．(m)ovies 47．(d)eveloped 48．(p)rovided 49．(a)mazing
【导语】本文介绍了互惠生以及分享了几个人对它的感受。
43．句意：Au Pair最初是一个法语术语，指与家人住在一起的外国人，这样他/她就可以学习家人的语言和文化，同时他/她可以照顾家里的孩子和/或打扫房子，以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资。根据“in return for food, accommodations (住宿) and a small…”可知可以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资，此空结合首字母，可推测出是salary“工资”，前有a small修饰，用单数。故填(s)alary。
44．句意：最近，《中国的女人》杂志采访了中国的三名中国年轻人和三名外国人，每个人都分享了自己作为互惠生的经历。分析句子结构可知，应填副词。联系上下文可知，上文是背景介绍，空格后面讲到的是杂志Women of China采访其他人的经历，结合首字母可推测出是Recently“最近”。故填(R)ecently。
45．句意：我的梦想是环游世界，学习不同的文化和语言。结合首字母可推测出是travel around the world意为“旅游全世界”。故填(w)orld。
46．句意：我看到了中国的美景，并从我看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国文化。分析句子结构可知，and 连接的是两个并列成分，故应填名词复数。根据句意结合首字母可推测出，是从观看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国的文化。 movie意思是“电影”，用复数，故填(m)ovies。
47．句意：我与这个女孩、她的父母和他们的亲戚建立了良好的关系。分析句子结构可知，本句是现在完成时，故应填过去分词。根据语境可知，我跟这个女孩、她的父母和她的亲戚已经建立了很好的关系。develop意思是“建立”，其过去分词是developed，故填(d)eveloped。
48．句意：成为一名互惠生为我提供了一个在不同国家体验不同文化的好机会。分析句子结构可知，本句是现在完成时，故应填过去分词。根据语境可知，成为互惠生给我提供了很好的机会。provide意思是“提供”，其过去分词是provided，故填(p)rovided。
49．句意：我认为我在中国有一次令人惊叹的经历。分析句子结构可知，应填形容词作定语。根据句意可知正在中国经历着令人惊喜的体验。 amazing 意为“令人惊喜的”，修饰experience。故填(a)mazing。
（22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The Cost of Traveling to Antarctica
“Why do you want to travel to Antarctica Isn’t it very cold and very far away ”
I was asked these same questions over and over again when I told my friends about my plan to travel to the southernmost continent. To be honest, I, l 50 many other travelers, just wanted to cross this pure-white wonderland off my bucket list (人生愿望清单). The trip, however, turned out to be a great lesson about the Antarctic environment. On my way back, I couldn’t help asking myself, “How have I affected the Antarctic environment Should I have even traveled to the continent ” Any type of travel comes with an environmental cost. My guide told me that of all means of transport, ships had some of the largest carbon footprints. That means they produce lots of greenhouse gases. In addition, the noise of ships p 51 through the ocean can cause serious harm to sea life.
When we travel from one place to another, we spread seeds a 52 bacteria (细菌) through our clothing, bodies and luggage. For Antarctica, these non-native seeds and bacteria can be very damaging. Tour operators try to prevent this problem by providing travelers with special boots. Travelers must wear them whenever they leave their ships. Their outerwear must also be cleaned b 53 it can be worn for landing. However, when they get hot while hiking, travelers may take off their outerwear and the clothes they wear underneath are not usually required to be cleaned.
The increase in tourism in Antarctica may also bring about some unknown risks. For example, since there is no native human population in Antarctica, the l 54 animals are not used to sharing their homes with us. We may not be able to n 55 any problems now, but when we begin to see changes, it may already be too late.
It was truly wonderful to see the b 56 of Antarctica with my own eyes. However, my trip did harm the Antarctic environment and wildlife. Before you decide to land on the continent, please think twice about the true “cost” of your trip.
【答案】50．(l)ike 51．(p)assing 52．(a)nd 53．(b)efore 54．(l)ocal 55．(n)otice 56．(b)eauty
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极旅游。
50．句意：老实说，我和许多其他旅行者一样，只是想把这个纯白的仙境从我的遗愿清单上划掉。“...many other travelers”作插入语，此处缺少介词，like“像”，表示“像其他旅行者一样”。故填(l)ike。
51．句意：此外，船只通过海洋时发出的噪音会对海洋生物造成严重危害。此处修饰ships，pass through“穿过”，现在分词作定语，表示“通过海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。
52．句意：当我们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方时，我们通过衣服、身体和行李传播了种子和细菌。seeds和bacteria属于并列关系。故填(a)nd。
53．句意：他们的外套也必须清洗干净才能穿着登陆。此处引导时间状语从句，before“在……之前”，表示“在登陆前”。故填(b)efore。
54．句意：例如，由于南极洲没有土著人口，当地的动物不习惯与我们共享家园。此处修饰animals，由“sharing their homes with us”可知，此处表示“本地的动物”，local“本地的”。故填(l)ocal。
55．句意：我们现在可能无法注意到任何问题，但当我们开始看到变化时，可能已经太晚了。此处缺少动词，由“see changes”可知，此处表示“看到改变”，此处应呼应，表示“注意到问题”，notice“注意到”，be able to do sth“能够做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填(n)otice。
56．句意：亲眼看到南极洲的美景真是太棒了。此处缺少名词，由“with my own eyes”可知，这里表示“亲眼看到”，the beauty of“……的美景”。故填(b)eauty。
（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Open your mind
Being curious about the world around you can boost your confidence.
As a new school year begins, opening your mind to new people and experiences will help you make friends and d 57 new interests. Don’t worry about it—have a go!
Having an open mind and being curious means trying to understand other people’s t 58 and ideas, even if you don’t always agree with them. It also means trying new experiences and exploring different ways of doing things. You can have an open mind about a 59 . The new school term means there are plenty of opportunities to open your mind, find a new activity to try, make new friends and in the process, learn more about yourself.
There are many b 60 to being open minded. Kendra Cherry is an author and expert in feelings, and she says it helps you learn new things about the world and the people around you. This makes you feel more confident and positive about facing challenges. Having an interest in other people gives you more empathy, which means you understand and share their feelings, says Cherry. Being open to f 61 ideas can also create exciting new ones of your own.
Start by asking questions, says Cherry. So if you’re unsure about joining a new club, ask yourself what’s stopping you. Imagine how it feels to learn a new s 62 , meet new people and make friends. Don’t jump to a sudden decision but give yourself time to think about it first. If someone says something you disagree with, then instead of deciding they are w 63 or arguing back, take a moment to consider why they have that opinion.
Finally, open your mind to new ideas. Even if you think you’re an expert on a subject there is always more you can learn,
【答案】57．(d)evelop 58．(t)houghts 59．(a)nything 60．(b)enefits 61．(f)resh 62．(s)kill 63．(w)rong
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们要对任何事物都要持开放态度，这会给我们带来很多好处。
57．句意：随着新学年的开始，向新的人和经历敞开心扉将有助于你结交朋友，培养新的兴趣。根据“new interests.”可知是培养新兴趣，develop“培养”，and前后动词形式一致，故此处用动词原形。故填(d)evelop。
58．句意：拥有开放的心态和好奇心意味着试图理解他人的想法和主意，即使你并不总是同意他们的观点。根据“and ideas”可知是理解他人的想法，thought“想法”，此处用名词复数。故填(t)houghts。
59．句意：你可以对任何事情都持开放态度。根据“You can have an open mind about”可知对任何事情都保持开放的态度，anything“任何事”。故填(a)nything。
60．句意：思想开放有很多好处。根据“it helps you learn new things about the world and the people around you.”可知思想开放有很多好处，benefit“好处”，many后加可数名词复数。故填(b)enefits。
61．句意：对新想法持开放态度也可以创造出令人兴奋的新想法。根据“Being open to...ideas can also create exciting new ones of your own.”可知是对新想法持开放态度，fresh“新的”。故填(f)resh。
62．句意：想象一下学习一项新技能、结识新朋友的感觉。根据“Imagine how it feels to learn a new...”可知是学习新技能，skill“技能”，a后加可数名词单数。故填(s)kill。
63．句意：如果有人说了你不同意的话，那么与其认定他们错了或反驳，不如花点时间考虑一下他们为什么会有这种观点。根据“or arguing back”可知是反驳他们是错的，wrong“错的”。故填(w)rong。
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty This question is often used to t 64 people’s attitude in a situation: People who stay active always have positive thinking (a half-full glass), while those who are negative usually look on the other side (a half-empty one).
Why is positive thinking good for you
Research shows that people who have positive thinking are likely to experience l 65 stress and can do better when faced with challenges. However, people who always expect the worst to happen may find it hard to believe these challenges will pass. Scientists have found that thinking positively can make you happier and more s 66 . This is because you believe that you can reach your goals, which encourages you to work towards them.
Why is worrying like a fire alarm
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe. If you were never worried, you wouldn’t notice the danger ahead. But the f 67 is that it sometimes goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face. When this happens, you may feel upset and anxious about what is going to happen.
How do I deal with the ‘fire alarm’
1.Go somewhere peaceful and c 68 yourself. Take five deep breaths and think of your favourite sports stars. What would they say
2.Talk to a friend or trusted adult about your worries and try to understand where the ‘fire alarm’ is coming from.
3.Sometimes the alarm will d 69 if you sing to yourself, listen to music, cuddle the cat, have a bath or have something to eat or drink.
How can I be positive
These words are taken from children’s books for your reference.
1.‘Happiness can be found even in the d 70 times, if one remembers to turn on the light.’
2.‘I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship.’
【答案】64．(t)est 65．(l)ess 66．(s)uccessful 67．(f)act 68．(c)alm 69．(d)ie 70．(d)arkest
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了积极思考的相关信息。
64．句意：这个问题通常用来测试人们在某种情况下的态度：积极的人总是有积极的想法（半满的杯子），而那些消极的人通常看另一边（半空的杯子）。根据“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty ”可知，这个问题的答案是用来测试的，结合首字母提示t可知，动词test“测试”符合语境，动词不定式符号后加动词原形。故填(t)est。
65．句意：研究表明，积极思考的人可能会经历更少的压力，在面对挑战时也能做得更好。根据“do better when faced with challenges”可知，此处应填一形容词的比较级，表示“更少的压力”，结合首字母提示l可知，less“更少的”符合语境。故填(l)ess。
66．句意：科学家发现，积极思考能让你更快乐、更成功。这是因为你相信你可以达到你的目标，这鼓励你朝着目标努力。根据“Scientists have found that thinking positively can make you happier and more”和“This is because you believe that you can reach your goals, which encourages you to work towards them.”可知，积极思考能让你更快乐、更成功，结合首字母提示s可知，successful“成功的”符合语境。故填(s)uccessful。
67．句意：但事实是，它有时会在没有巨大危险的情况下爆炸。根据“is that it sometimes goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face”可知它有时会在没有巨大危险的情况下爆炸，这是一个事实，结合首字母提示f可知，fact“事实”符合语境。故填(f)act。
68．句意：去一个安静的地方，让自己平静下来。根据“Go somewhere peaceful and”可知，让自己平静下来，结合首字母提示c可知，calm oneself“使某人平静下来”为固定搭配，此处用动词原形。故填(c)alm。
69．句意：有时候，如果你给自己唱歌、听听音乐、抱抱猫、洗个澡或吃点东西或喝点什么，警报就会消失。根据“sing to yourself, listen to music, cuddle the cat, have a bath or have something to eat or drink”可知，此处说的是，让警报消失的方法，will后应接动词原形，结合首字母提示d可知，die“消失”符合句意。故填(d)ie。
70．句意：幸福即使在黑暗的时候也能找到，只要你记得打开灯。根据定冠词the和“if one remembers to turn on the light”可知，此处指的是“最黑暗的时刻”，结合首字母提示d可知，空格出应填形容词dark“黑暗的”的最高级形式darkest。故填(d)arkest。
（23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Every year, thousands of people’s lives are affected by disasters. This week the editor Becky in News Magazine i 71 a disaster survivor Fiona.
Becky: Fiona, you were in a cyclone (龙卷风). Where was that
Fiona: In north Australia, in Normanton. That’s where I live.
Becky: What did you do when the cyclone arrived
Fiona: We all stayed inside, in the basement, because that’s the s 72 place. We could hear the storm coming closer and closer. The noise was awful. At one point there was a really loud noise. I thought: “That’s it! It’s going to destroy the house!” I was s 73 .
Becky: And what happened after the cyclone
Fiona: There were terrible floods. More than 360 millimetres of rain fell in just twenty-four hours. The army had to bring food and water to the whole area by plane and helicopter. The s 74 thing was that waves from the coast and rivers flooded the land and carried three crocodiles to near my house! One of my neighbours hit a crocodile with his car—it was 1.6 metres long.
Becky: Really That’s hard to believe! So is everything b 75 to normal again now
Fiona: Not really. The floods have gone, but they destroyed a lot of homes and farms. It’s going to cost at least 110 million dollars to repair the damage.
Becky: Is the w 76 usually this bad
Fiona: No, but this summer was very hot. If it stays hot, there will probably be another cyclone. All the experts say that the chances of the extreme temperatures and heavy rain will i 77 because of climate change.
【答案】71．(i)ntroduces 72．(s)afest 73．(s)haking 74．(s)trangest 75．(b)ack 76．(w)eather 77．(i)ncrease
【导语】本文是一篇访谈，根据记者和幸存者的对话，展示了飓风后的幸存者生活的地方以及当时发生灾难的场景。
71．句意：本周，《新闻杂志》的编辑Becky介绍了一位灾难幸存者Fiona。根据“This week the editor Becky in News Magazine…a disaster survivor Fiona.”及首字母提示可知，此处指介绍，introduce“介绍”符合；句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“Becky”，所以此处应用三单形式。故填(i)ntroduces。
72．句意：我们都呆在里面，在地下室，因为那是最安全的地方。根据空前的“We all stayed inside, in the basement”和下文“We could hear the storm coming closer and closer.”及首字母提示可知，此处指最安全的地方，safest“最安全的”符合。故填(s)afest。
73．句意：我在发抖。根据上文“ We could hear the storm coming closer and closer. The noise was awful. At one point there was a really loud noise. I thought:‘That’s it! It’s going to destroy the house!’”及首字母提示可知，此处指害怕得发抖，shake“颤抖”符合；根据空前的“was”可知，此处应用现在分词形式shaking。故填(s)haking。
74．句意：最奇怪的是，来自海岸和河流的海浪淹没了土地，把三条鳄鱼带到了我家附近！根据空后的“waves from the coast and rivers flooded the land and carried three crocodiles to near my house”和下文“Really That’s hard to believe!”及首字母提示可知，此处指最奇怪的，strangest“最奇怪的”符合。故填(s)trangest。
75．句意：现在一切都恢复正常了吗？back to normal“恢复正常”，固定词组。故填(b)ack。
76．句意：天气通常这么糟糕吗？根据下文“No, but this summer was very hot. If it stays hot, there will probably be another cyclone.”及首字母提示可知，此处指天气。故填(w)eather。
77．句意：所有专家都表示，由于气候变化，极端温度和暴雨的可能性将增加。根据空后的“because of climate change”及首字母提示可知，此处指增加，increase“增加”符合；根据空前的“will”可知，此处应用动词原形。故填(i)ncrease。
（23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
Home sweet home—this phrase brings back good memories and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, a flat, a tent or other places.
H 78 did you know that the condition of your living space can have an effect on your emotions (情感) and even on your mental health By organizing your living space, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
Add light
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can a 79 your mood. If the lighting is too dim (昏暗的), your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial (人工的) light may not do the trick, though. It is better to open your curtains because n 80 sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
Go green
To make sure you have good mental health, surround yourself with green plants. A large number of studies have shown that the presence of green plants in your home can i 81 mood.
Choose colors w 82
The color of your environment has an active influence on your mood. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere (氛围) can be a type of treatment.
Clean it up
Let’s all admit it; We have trouble keeping our space clean. But it doesn’t just look terrible; it makes you feel terrible. An untidy room both shows stress and causes stress. Disorder can show that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a m 83 can lead to more stress.
Cleaning up doesn’t have to take all day—just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You will be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
There is no l 84 to ways you can make your environment good for your mental health. You can put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make “home sweet home” much sweeter.
【答案】78．(H)ow 79．(a)ffect 80．(n)atural 81．(i)mprove 82．(w)isely 83．(m)ess 84．(l)imit
【导语】本文介绍居住空间的条件会影响你的情绪，甚至会影响你的心理健康。文章具体给出一些建议。
78．句意：你如何知道你的居住空间的条件会影响你的情绪，甚至影响你的心理健康？根据后句“By organizing your living space, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.”可知，强调方式，用疑问词How放句首，故填(H)ow。
79．句意：不用说，你房间或家里的灯光会影响你的情绪。根据“It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can ...your mood.”可知，灯光会影响你的情绪，affect“影响”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填(a)ffect。
80．句意：最好打开窗帘，因为自然光会让你的一整天都更明亮。根据“It is better to open your curtains because ...sunlight makes your whole day brighter.”可知，打开窗帘，自然光会进来；natural“自然的”，作定语修饰sunlight，故填(n)atural。
81．句意：大量研究表明，在家里摆放绿色植物可以改善情绪。根据“A large number of studies have shown that the presence of green plants in your home can ...mood.”可知，绿色植物可以改善情绪，improve“改善”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填(i)mprove。
82．句意：明智地选择颜色 根据“Choose colors ...”可知，要明智地选择颜色，wisely“明智地”，修饰动词，故填(w)isely。
83．句意：混乱可能表明你太忙而无法保持东西整洁，但是看着混乱会导致更多的压力。根据“Disorder can show that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a ...can lead to more stress.”可知，看着混乱会导致更多的压力，mess“混乱”符合语境，故填(m)ess。
84．句意：让你的环境对你的心理健康有益的方法是没有限制的。根据“There is no ...to ways you can make your environment good for your mental health.”可知，让你的环境对你的心理健康有益的方法是没有限制的，limit“限制”符合语境，故填(l)imit。
（23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
One of the first science fiction books published was Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth, written in 1864. This popular book marked the b 85 of our strong interest in science fiction. Since then, there have been books, magazines, computer games, radio and TV shows and films.
A science fiction story doesn’t just focus on the future; it focuses on the use of science in our future. Sometimes things that are written in science fiction stories a 86 become true. Star Trek first appeared on television in 1966. The crew of the spaceship spoke to each other on small mobile devices. A robot starred in the 1927 film, Metropolis.
In the 1982 film, Blade Runner, video communication was s 87 as an exciting thing of the future. This is one of the reasons why science fiction is so popular. It lets us think about how our world might be in the future. It gives us ideas about how we might make things on the Earth better than they are n 88 . It gives us possible solutions to problems.
A 89 reason is that it begins to answer some of the biggest questions in life, questions like Are we alone in the universe What could we do better Science fiction gives us the chance to think about these questions and c 90 possible answers.
People also like to get away from their daily lives through science fiction. It is d 91 to imagine a better way of doing this than reading a fantastic story about a place you have never been to and creatures you cannot imagine. It does this by making us feel that anything is possible.
Perhaps science fiction could also make us feel lucky to live here on the Earth. Perhaps it could even make us take better care of our planet.
【答案】85．(b)eginning 86．(a)ctually 87．(s)een 88．(n)ow 89．(A)nother 90．(c)onsider 91．(d)ifficult
【导语】本文主要讲述了对科幻小说的影响及受欢迎的原因。
85．句意：这本受欢迎的书标志着我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣。根据“Since then”可知此处指我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣，the beginning of“……的开始”，故填(b)eginning。
86．句意：有时候科幻小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的。根据“become true”可知小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的，此处应填副词修饰动词become，actually“实际上”符合语境，故填(a)ctually。
87．句意：在1982年的电影《银翼杀手》中，视频通信被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。根据首字母提示可知，此处考查短语be seen as“被视为”，指被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。故填(s)een。
88．句意：它给了我们如何让地球上的事情变得比现在更好的想法。根据“It lets us think about how our world might be in the future.”可知此处应是未来跟现在对比，now“现在”。故填(n)ow。
89．句意：另一个原因是，它开始回答生活中一些最大的问题，如我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？根据前文“This is one of the reasons why science fiction is so popular.”可知此处指另一个原因，another“另一个”，句首单词首字母大写。故填(A)nother。
90．句意：科幻小说让我们有机会思考这些问题，并考虑可能的答案。根据“think about these questions”可知此处指考虑可能的答案，consider“考虑”，空前有and，此处应与“think about”形式保持一致。故填(c)onsider。
91．句意：很难想象有比阅读一个关于你从未去过的地方和你无法想象的生物的精彩故事更好的方式了。根据“People also like to get away from their daily lives through science fiction.”可知人们也喜欢通过科幻小说来摆脱日常生活，所以此处填形容词difficult“困难的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(d)ifficult。
（23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺。每 空格限填一词, 首字母已给)
People want to know if pre-made meals are healthy enough for teenagers. Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association (中国烹饪协会). There are several kinds of pre-made foods: ready-to-eat food, such as canned food or cooked food in packages, and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food. These foods usually r 92 heating or cooking first before being served.
Many people think that pre-made foods are less healthy because they usually need to be kept in f 93 . “In fact, freezing itself does not cause nutrition (营养) loss,” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old professor in diet in Beijing said. “But nutrition loss does happen when we heat or fry the food.
Vitamins B and C in meat and vegetables can be lost during that p 94 . By being heated or cooked twice or more, pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods,” Liu said.
“B 95 , many pre-made food companies put the taste of food ahead of nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher level of salt and sugar in the food and may cause serious health problems in the long term.
Additives (添加剂) are a 96 problem related to pre-made foods. They are mainly used to improve the flavour of the food, as well as to keep it, increase its shelf life, and color it. In China, food industry has already had modern technology to keep pre-made foods without any additives. In this way some food can be kept for a longer time. But it’s n 97 that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified (有资质的) food companies or supermarkets.
It is hoped that laws on pre-made meals can ensure better nutrition and hygiene (卫生). “In this way we hope pre-made meals will be a 98 by more and will bring convenience instead of worries to people. But at present, no one can tell.” Liu said.
【答案】92．(r)equire 93．(f)ridges 94．(p)rocess 95．(B)esides 96．(a)lso 97．(n)ecessary 98．(a)ccepted
【导语】本文是议论文。针对预制菜对于青少年来说是否健康进行谈论。
92．句意：这些食物通常需要在上菜前先加热或烹饪。根据“heating or cooking first before being served.”可知这些食物需要加热，“require”符合题意，上下文可知用一般现在时，主语为“these foods”，故动词用原形。故填(r)equire。
93．句意：许多人认为预制食品不太健康，因为它们通常需要保存在冰箱。根据“because they usually need to be kept in”可知把食物放在冰箱里，“fridge”符合题意，此处用复数。故填(f)ridges。
94．句意：在这个过程中，肉类和蔬菜中的维生素B和C可能会流失。根据“Vitamins B and C in meat and vegetables can be lost during that”可知是在加热这个过程过程中会流失维生素，根据首字母可知“process”符合题意。故填(p)rocess。
95．句意：此外，许多预制食品公司将食物的味道置于营养之上。根据“many pre-made food companies put the taste of food ahead of nutrition”以及前一段可知，本段是对预制菜的缺点的进一步叙述。根据首字母可知“besides”符合题意。故填(B)esides。
96．句意：添加剂也是与预制食品有关的问题。根据“problem related to pre-made foods”可知，本段是关于预制菜中添加剂的使用的，故是对缺点的进一步说明，根据首字母可知“also”符合题意。故填(a)lso。
97．句意：但顾客只从大型合格食品公司或超市购买预制食品是很有必要的。根据“that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified (有资质的) food companies or supermarkets.”可知民众要从大公司购买预制菜，这是必要的，根据首字母可知“necessary”符合题意。故填(n)ecessary。
98．句意：通过这种方式，我们希望预制餐能被更多人接受，给人们带来方便而不是担忧。根据“we hope pre-made meals will be”可知是被更多的人接受，“accept”符合题意，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(a)ccepted。
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给
“Moi, Sofia!” “Terve, Aleksi!” That’s “hello” in Finland（芬兰）. And that’s how students and staff g 99 each other at this Finnish school. Students call their teachers by their first names. Anna Hansson has gone to this school since first grade, so she knows everybody. Anna shouts “Moi” to her schoolmates as she arrives at 7:45 in the morning.
At her school, Anna and her classmates d 100 , along with their teacher, what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be. Students work at their own pace. They don’t always study together. Some may be in their home classroom. Others might be in a workshop, where they’re leaning by actually d 101 . Today, Anna’s group is working on a magazine in the workshop.
Anna and her classmates don’t learn by memorizing facts. Instead, they work together to gather information. They ask their teacher for help whenever they need to. The teacher doesn’t have to tell students to behave. The class is active and busy, but the teacher is in full c 102 . Everything is in order and everyone is behaving properly. Parents are welcome at the school and volunteer in workshops and evening classes.
After 90 minutes, students have a break for 30 minutes. Soon, it’s lunchtime! In Anna’s school, students get free hot m 103 every day. Today’s lunch is everybody’s favourite—meatballs and mashed potatoes. It is served with salad, bread and milk on the tables with flowers in vases.
Chores（日常琐事）have always been part of the school life. All students do chores, which i 104 taking care of plants, collecting trash, recycling, and composting. Students help in the library and in the kitchen.
School is over between 12 at noon and 2 in the afternoon. Most parents work, so city officials have built outdoor playgrounds and two buildings for younger students to do homework or play indoor games while waiting to be picked up. For o 105 students, there are clubs and hobby groups. They can study languages, learn to play instruments, and do arts and crafts.
【答案】99．(g)reet 100．(d)iscuss 101．(d)oing 102．(c)ontrol 103．(m)eals 104．(i)nclude 105．(o)lder
【导语】本文介绍了在芬兰的一所学校里学生的学习生活情况。
99．句意：那就是学生们和职员在这个芬兰学校是如何互相问候的。根据“That’s ‘hello’ in Finland”可知他们说“Moi, Sofia”来打招呼，greet“打招呼”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(g)reet。
100．句意：在她的学校，安娜和她的同学与他们的老师一起讨论他们每周的目标，任务和活动是什么。根据“what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be”可知老师和同学一起讨论目标和任务，discuss“讨论”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(d)iscuss。
101．句意：其他人可能在车间里，在那里他们通过实际行动来学习。根据“where they’re leaning by actually”可知学生通过实际行动来学习，do“做”，介词by后加动名词。故填(d)oing。
102．句意：课堂上很活跃，很忙，但老师完全掌握着一切。根据“Everything is in order and everyone is behaving properly”可知课堂上一切正常，每个人都表现良好，因为老师掌控着课堂，in full control“完全掌控一切”。故填(c)ontrol。
103．句意：在安娜的学校里，学生每天都可以得到免费的热餐。根据“Soon, it’s lunchtime”可知午饭时间学生可以得到免费的热餐，meal“餐”，此处用名词复数。故填(m)eals。
104．句意：所有的学生都做家务，其中包括照料植物、收集垃圾、回收利用和堆肥。根据“taking care of plants, collecting trash, recycling, and composting”可知家务包括照料植物、收集垃圾等，include“包括”，此处作谓语，which指代chores，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填(i)nclude。
105．句意：对于年长的学生来说，有俱乐部和业余爱好团体，他们可以学习语言，学习演奏乐器，制作工艺品。根据“for younger students”可知此处是相对于较小的学生来说，故此处是较年长的学生，用比较级older。故填(o)lder。
（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
I didn’t cry when I learned I was the parent of a disabled child.
“Go ahead and cry,” the doctor advised kindly, but I couldn’t cry then, nor during the days that followed.
When Jenny was old enough, I sent her to a kindergarten. On the first morning, Jenny spent hours playing by herself. It seemed that she felt very l 106 .
However, to my joy, Jenny’s classmates always encouraged her, “you got all your spelling words right today!” In fact, her spelling list was the e 107 . Later she faced a very painful problem—at the end of the term, there was a game which had something to do with physical education. But Jenny was way behind in it.
My husband and I were anxious about the day. I wanted to keep her home. Why let Jenny fail in a gym filled with parents, students and teachers But my heart wouldn’t let me off that easily. So I pushed a pale, unwilling Jenny onto the school bus.
At the kindergarten, I was quite worried because of her slow action. Jenny would probably hold up (阻碍) her team. The game went on well u 108 it was time for the sack (麻袋) race. Surely Jenny would find it difficult. Now each child had to climb into a sack, jump to the finishing line, return and climb out of the sack. I noticed Jenny standing near the end of her line of players.
But as it was her turn to join, a c 109 took place in her team. The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her. The moment the player before Jenny stepped out from the sack, those two boys picked up the sack quickly and held it o 110 while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it. A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped f 111 , smiling and proud.
In the cheers of teachers, schoolmates and parents, I silently thanked Heaven for the warm, understanding people in life who make it p 112 for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings. Then I finally cried.
【答案】106．(l)onely 107．(e)asiest 108．(u)ntil 109．(c)hange 110．(o)pen 111．(f)orward 112．(p)ossible
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者的女儿是一位残疾人，在女儿詹妮读幼儿园时，有一次她受到了幼儿园的小朋友帮助，胜利完成任务的故事。
106．句意：她似乎感到很孤独。根据“Jenny spent hours playing by herself”并结合所给首字母可知，她应该是感到孤独，“孤独的”lonely。故填(l)onely。
107．句意：事实上，她的拼写列表是最简单的。根据“you got all your spelling words right today”和“In fact, her spelling list was the”并结合所给首字母可知，Jenny做的拼写应该是最简单的，此处用最高级，“最简单的”easiest。故填(e)asiest。
108．句意：比赛进行得很顺利，直到到了麻袋赛跑的时候。根据“The game went on well...it was time for the sack (麻袋) race”可知，在麻袋赛跑之前一切都很顺利，即直到麻袋赛跑时，比赛都进行得很顺利。“到……时”until。故填(u)ntil。
109．句意：但当轮到她加入时，她的团队发生了变化。根据“The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her...”并结合所给首字母可知，团队应该是发生了变化。“变化”change，由a可知，应用单数。故填(c)hange。
110．句意：在珍妮前面的那名运动员从麻袋里走出来的那一刻，那两个男孩迅速地拿起麻袋，把它打开，而高个子男孩把珍妮抱起来，把她扔了进去。根据“while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it”并根据所给首字母可知，是把麻袋打开，此处应用形容词“开着的、敞开的”open。故填(o)pen。
111．句意：然后她向前跳，微笑着，且很自豪。根据“A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped...”并结合所给首字母可知，应该是向终点跳去，即向前跳，“向前”forward。故填(f)orward。
112．句意：在老师、同学和家长的欢呼声中，我默默地感谢生活中那些热情、善解人意的人，是他们让我的残疾女儿能够像其他人类一样生活。根据“the warm, understanding people in life who make it...for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings”可知，他们让我的残疾女儿能够像其他人类一样生活，“让……成为可能”make it possible。故填(p)ossible。
（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺.首字母已给出。
The pig war
THE MOST PERFECT WAR IN HISTORY
The year was 1859. America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused a 113 war between the two countries.
The pig was owned by a British man who lived on a small island. The island was just of the western part of North America. Both England and the US said the island was theirs. Across the island from the British man lived some American farmers. Everyone on the island got along peacefully. But the peace e 114 the day the British man’s pig decided to eat some of an American farmer’s potatoes.
One of the American farmers shot and killed the pig. Then the pigs owner wanted $100 from the man who shot the animal. That was a lot of money, so the farmer refused to pay it. The British and Americans began to argue, and the s 115 got worse. The farmers asked the governor over the island at that time for help. He sent a group of soldiers to protect the farmers. The British answered by sending 2,000 soldiers. The British were on one side of the island, and the Americans were on the other. The problem that began with the pig was about to t 116 into a shooting war.
When news of the problem reached Washington and London, both leaders were s 117 . Neither country wanted another war. They sent some men to try to fix the problem. After a discussion, it was decided that each country would keep a small group of soldier on the island. They would stay there until the two countries could decide who owned the island. Then the others would have to leave.
Twelve years went by. Neither side wanted to give up the island, but they knew they had to do something. They asked the leader of Germany to help decide. After nearly a year of discussion, a d 118 was made. America would get the island.
Finally, the Pig War was over and only one shot was fired. That was the shot that killed the pig!
【答案】113．(a)nother 114．(e)nded 115．(s)ituation 116．(t)urn 117．(s)urprised 118．(d)ecision
【导语】本文讲了美国和英国之间由猪引起的战争，详细的介绍了两个国家险些发动战争的原因和解决方式等。
113．句意：这几乎引起了两国之间的另一场战争。根据“America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace.”及首字母可知，这里指另一场战争，another意为“另一场”。故填(a)nother。
114．句意：但当英国人的猪决定吃美国农民的土豆时，和平就结束了。根据“the British man’s pig decided to eat some of an American farmer’s potatoes.”及首字母可知，这里指和平的结束，end意为“结束”，由got可知，此处用过去式ended。故填(e)nded。
115．句意：英国人和美国人开始争论，情况变得更糟了。根据“The British and Americans began to argue,”及首字母可知，这里是情况变得更糟了，situation意为“形势，情况”，这里用单数形式。故填(s)ituation。
116．句意：从猪开始的问题即将演变成一场枪战。根据“into a shooting war.”及首字母可知，这里是即将演变成一场枪战，turn into意为“演变成”，to后跟动词原形。故填(t)urn。
117．句意：当这个问题的消息传到华盛顿和伦敦时，两位领导人都感到惊讶。根据“both leaders were”及首字母可知，这里指两位领导人都感到惊讶，人作主语，用形容词surprised。故填(s)urprised。
118．句意：经过近一年的讨论，做出了决定。根据“America would get the island.”及首字母可知，这里是做出决定，make a decision意为“做出决定”。故填(d)ecision。
（23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to teachers for help in order to get better grades, others choose to study t 119 . In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the s 120 idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic (学术的) resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and i 121 their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense (紧张的) atmosphere. Many people think it’s good to study in it. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying a 122 . However, by joining a study group, they get to observe their diligent partners and are more willing to work harder.
Study groups work best when they are s 123 . Four to five students is just OK. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review a lecture’s notes.
In addition, some study groups like to give members certain r 124 so that they would study most effectively. First they need an organizer. He usually gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place. They also need a group member to search for sources of information. His or her d 125 is to remind group members to identify their sources. When a group member says “I read somewhere that…” he or she is usually asked for specifics (细节). This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper tries to make sure that all group members are participating.
【答案】119．(t)ogether 120．(s)imple 121．(i)mprove 122．(a)lone 123．(s)mall 124．(r)oles 125．(d)uty
【导语】本文是篇说明文，主要介绍了小组学习这个学习方法的优势。
119．句意：有些人会向老师寻求帮助以获得更好的成绩，而另一些人选择一起学习。根据“While some would turn to teachers for help in order to get better grades, others choose to study...”和首字母提示可知，强调的是和其他人一起学习，together “一起”。故填(t)ogether。
120．句意：“三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。”这是小组学习背后的纯粹道理。根据“‘Two heads are better than one’That’s the idea...”和首字母提示可知，“三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮”是小组学习的简单道理，simple“简单的，纯粹的”。故填(s)imple。
121．句意：他们可以互相讨教，提高自己对不同问题的理解。根据“and...their own understanding”和首字母提示可知，指的是提高问题的理解，并列连词and前后动词形式一致，此处使用动词原形improve“提高”。故填(i)mprove。
122．句意：例如，一些学生在独自学习时往往会拖延。根据“some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying...”和全文语境可知，本文主要介绍的是小组学习的好处，因此“procrastinate(拖延)”应该是“独自”学习时可能产生的。alone“独自”。故填(a)lone。
123．句意：学习小组人数少的时候效果好。根据下文“Four to five students is just OK”和首字母提示可知，小组里有4到5人是合适的，是在强调数量少，small“（数量）小”。故填(s)mall。
124．句意：此外，一些学习小组喜欢给成员一定的角色，使他们能够最有效地学习。根据下文“First they need an organizer...to search for sources of information.”和首字母提示可知，小组内不同的成员有着不同的职责，role“角色”，由“members”可知，需要填“role”的复数形式。故填(r)oles。
125．句意：他或她的职责是提醒小组成员识别它们的来源。根据“In addition, some study groups like to give members certain roles；His or her...is to remind group members to identify their sources.”和首字母提示可知，不同的小组成员有不同的职责，因此答题空处指的是“他或她的义务或职责”，duty“义务，职责”，由“is”可知，此处使用可数名词单数作主语。故填(d)uty。
（23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words。
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well, but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference w 126 the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly (肚子) or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people’s rule. They make their own r 127 . Every one of them does his work in a way peculia r(奇特的) to himse2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 首字母填空（上海专用）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、短文填空
（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。首字母已给。
AN ANCIENT MURDER[1]
In 1991, hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a body frozen in ice in tzi. They were surprised to learn that it belonged to a man who died 5,300 years ago! This was the o 1 complete human body ever found.
Scientists named the man tzi after the p 2 he was found. They studied his body and learned many things. His teeth and skull[2] showed that he was probably in his 40s. He wore thick clothes and shoes made of bear skin. He carried a stone knife, wooden arrows, and equipment for starting fires. And he had a copper axe[3]—a rare and valuable t 3 back when tzi was alive.
The Plot Thickens
Most interestingly, there were injuries on tzi’s body that showed he was a 4 . There was a piece from a stone arrow buried deep in his left shoulder. Scientists believe this is what killed him. There was also the blood of four other people on his clothes, as well as injuries on his hands. These injuries were not c 5 healed[4]—they were recent, but not as recent as the injury on his shoulder.
tzi’s story quickly became a murder mystery[5]—the world’s earliest murder mystery. Why was he killed Was he running away when he died And why was he even there, in such a cold and faraway place New studies in 2010 and 2018 revealed more clues.
New Findings
Scientists learned that tzi ate a big m 6 right before he died—they found goat and deer meat in his stomach. He was therefore probably resting, not running, when he died. They also learned that the arrow in tzi’s shoulder hit him from behind.
Did someone injure tzi in a fight, and did tzi run up the mountain to e 7 Did that same person follow tzi up the mountain and shoot him in the back It’s a good theory, but scientists will probably never completely know how or why tzi died.
Word box [1] murder n. & v. 谋杀 [2]skull n. 颅骨 [3]copper axe 铜斧 [4]heal v. 愈合 [5]mystery n. 不可理解之事
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Anger（生气）is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team l 8 an important game, when your friend borrows your favourite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe much f 9 , your face turns red and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your h 10 . The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.
In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be released in a right way, w 11 hurting others or yourself. Let me give you some advice.
Get into the h 12 of saying how you’re feeling and why. If you are having trouble with your temper, talk about it with your parents or friends and tell them what you are trying to do . It's helpful to talk about your anger with other people. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Words help you show your feelings and r 13 understanding from others. On the other hand, when you start to feel angry, you can do some other things: count from 1 to 100; go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc. Don’t let your anger c 14 you. Remember that how you act when you are anger can make everything better or worse
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Storing data(数据) has become more convenient. Thirty years ago, people had to depend on floppy disks(软磁盘). N 15 , all we have to do is hit the “Save” button on our screens. The files will then be stored in the “cloud.” It seems that we will never run out of space. Isn’t that great
In fact, however, the storage space we now have is not c 16 enough. Every day, 4. 5 billion internet users create a LARGE amount of data. By 2025, the amount of data worldwide will have r 17 175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB). Clearly, we can’t cover every piece of land on the planet with data centers. So where can we store all of this data
Fortunately, some researchers have been working on new storage technologies. One of these technologies is DNA storage. DNA storage sounds futurist, but in some ways, it’s just the opposite. B 18 computers were invented, nature had been using DNA to store information.
In 2012, researchers at Harvard University wrote a book, 11 pictures and a computer program into human DNA．Each gram of DNA can hold 2.2 petabytes (PB．of information (1 ZB =1,048,576 PB．If DNA is kept in the right condition, it can keep the stored information s 19 for a million years.
There are still p 20 with using DNA for data storage. For example, it takes lots of time to write into and read from DNA．Scientists are trying to i 21 this technology. We will have to wait to see how their efforts pay off in the future.
（23-24九年级上·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The most important part of any computer is its central processing unit, or CPU. It is the CPU that information and instructions are processed. The CPU has a memory unit. This unit s 22 information and instructions. It holds information and instructions until they are needed. In some computers, the memory is a group of magnetic cores (磁芯). In o 23 , it is a magnetic tape, disk, or drum. Information appears on tapes and disks as magnetic spots. In the smallest computers, the memory, or even the whole CPU, may be on a tiny piece of equipment called a chip (芯片).
The CPU a 24 has an arithmetic (运算) unit. This is another main part which sorts information and computes—add, subtracts, and so on.
An important unit of the CPU is called the “captain” of the computer because it can c 25 the work of the computer. It gets instructions from the memory. Then it tells the memory what information to send to the arithmetic unit. F 26 , it tells the arithmetic unit how to process the information.
Input Equipment
Input means information that is fed into a computer. B 27 a computer can do any work, information and instructions must go into it. Such information and instruction for a computer is called software. The input equipment takes information and instruction from the outside world. Then it puts it into code (代码) for the computer to use. Special keyboards serve as input equipment on most home computers.
Output Equipment
Output means information delivered from a computer according to coded instruction. Information can come out of a computer in many f 28 . It can show up on a display screen, or it can be turned out on paper by a printer.
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
One day, Jackson aged eight went fishing with his father. At noon he felt that something big on his line, he c 29 took the fish out of the water. It was the l 30 one he had ever seen.
His father looked at his watch. It was nearly three hours before the fishing season opened. He looked at the fish, then at Jackon.
“You’ll have to put it back, son,” he said.
“Dad!” cried Jackon.
“There will be other fish,” said his father.
“Not as big as this one,” cried Jackon.
He looked a 31 . There were no other fishermen. He looked again at his father. He could tell that the d 32 was not negotiable（可以商量的）. He slowly worked the hook out of the fish and put it into the water.
That was 35 years ago. Today, Jackson is an excellent manager. He sometimes t 33 his own children to fish in the same river. He has n 34 again caught such a large fish as the one he got that day. But he does see that same fish again and again every time he comes up against a question of ethics（道德）.
Do we do right when n 35 is looking We would if we were taught to put the fish back when we were young.
（22-23九年级上·上海徐汇·期末）Interview with an artisan (工匠) Baker
Jenny’s Sweets is a famous bakery in the heart of Jing’an. It opened in 2016, and quickly became the first choice for locals. In this interview, we speak with the owner, to learn what makes her business so successful.
What does it mean to be an “artisan” baker
It is so amazing how wonderful e 36 has been here. At first, opening a bakery in a new country was worried. But the people here are so nice, and they r 37 like coming to my little artisan bakery.
Why make everything by hand
Well, to me, it means that we make our bread and cakes by hand, the t 38 way. We don’t use machines or frozen foods to make our products. Our products are healthier and taste better b 39 everything is made fresh every morning,
I know that a mommy is feeding her family with bread I made. It’s a big r 40 to give them healthy, tasty foods that will make them happy. If we used machines to make our products, all of our cake pops would be the same.
Wouldn’t using machines make your job easier
I suppose so. If we use machines, we could make more products. It would be much c 41 , too. Also, we wouldn’t sell out of popular products, so we would make more money. But, our bread wouldn’t taste nearly as good. And it would be a lot less healthy. Personally, I p 42 to sell OUT of something good, than sell a LOT of something bad. As they say: “Quality over Quantity (数量).”
（22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
“Au pair”, originally a French term, refers to a foreigner who lives with a family, so he/she can learn the family’s language and culture, while at the same time he/she takes care of the family’s children and/or cleans the house in return for food, accommodations (住宿) and a small s 43 . In the past few years, many young Chinese have become au pairs in other countries, and many young foreigners have moved to China to work as au pairs.
R 44 , the magazine, Women of China, has interviewed three young Chinese, and three foreigners in China, each of whom shared his/her own experiences as an au pair. The following is from an au pair called Natalia Martinez Perez from Republic of Colombia.
I am 19 years old, and I come from Cali, a city in the Republic of Colombia. I have good relations with my brother and cousins. I love children, and I consider myself to be a happy person, who is able to make others happy as well. My dream is to travel around the w 45 , and to learn about different cultures and languages.
I saw the beautiful scenery of China and I learned about Chinese culture from m 46 and dramas (戏剧) that I watched. I practiced speaking Chinese whenever I had free time. I have always been interested in travelling to China since I fell in love with China and its culture. I respect the Chinese culture, and I want to know more about it.
I was an au pair in some other countries before I moved to China in October 2015. When I heard about the chance to go to China, I immediately applied.
Now, I live with my host family in Shanghai. The family has a daughter. I have d 47 a good relationship with the girl, her parents and their relatives. The girl says she really likes me. She asks me to tell her a story before she goes to sleep each night.
I teach the girl English after she finishes her homework. I teach her in various ways, and she has showed a great interest in learning English. I cook Colombian food for the girl sometimes, and we also like to go shopping together.
Becoming an au pair has p 48 a good chance for me to experience different cultures in different countries. I think I am having an a 49 experience in China.
（22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The Cost of Traveling to Antarctica
“Why do you want to travel to Antarctica Isn’t it very cold and very far away ”
I was asked these same questions over and over again when I told my friends about my plan to travel to the southernmost continent. To be honest, I, l 50 many other travelers, just wanted to cross this pure-white wonderland off my bucket list (人生愿望清单). The trip, however, turned out to be a great lesson about the Antarctic environment. On my way back, I couldn’t help asking myself, “How have I affected the Antarctic environment Should I have even traveled to the continent ” Any type of travel comes with an environmental cost. My guide told me that of all means of transport, ships had some of the largest carbon footprints. That means they produce lots of greenhouse gases. In addition, the noise of ships p 51 through the ocean can cause serious harm to sea life.
When we travel from one place to another, we spread seeds a 52 bacteria (细菌) through our clothing, bodies and luggage. For Antarctica, these non-native seeds and bacteria can be very damaging. Tour operators try to prevent this problem by providing travelers with special boots. Travelers must wear them whenever they leave their ships. Their outerwear must also be cleaned b 53 it can be worn for landing. However, when they get hot while hiking, travelers may take off their outerwear and the clothes they wear underneath are not usually required to be cleaned.
The increase in tourism in Antarctica may also bring about some unknown risks. For example, since there is no native human population in Antarctica, the l 54 animals are not used to sharing their homes with us. We may not be able to n 55 any problems now, but when we begin to see changes, it may already be too late.
It was truly wonderful to see the b 56 of Antarctica with my own eyes. However, my trip did harm the Antarctic environment and wildlife. Before you decide to land on the continent, please think twice about the true “cost” of your trip.
（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Open your mind
Being curious about the world around you can boost your confidence.
As a new school year begins, opening your mind to new people and experiences will help you make friends and d 57 new interests. Don’t worry about it—have a go!
Having an open mind and being curious means trying to understand other people’s t 58 and ideas, even if you don’t always agree with them. It also means trying new experiences and exploring different ways of doing things. You can have an open mind about a 59 . The new school term means there are plenty of opportunities to open your mind, find a new activity to try, make new friends and in the process, learn more about yourself.
There are many b 60 to being open minded. Kendra Cherry is an author and expert in feelings, and she says it helps you learn new things about the world and the people around you. This makes you feel more confident and positive about facing challenges. Having an interest in other people gives you more empathy, which means you understand and share their feelings, says Cherry. Being open to f 61 ideas can also create exciting new ones of your own.
Start by asking questions, says Cherry. So if you’re unsure about joining a new club, ask yourself what’s stopping you. Imagine how it feels to learn a new s 62 , meet new people and make friends. Don’t jump to a sudden decision but give yourself time to think about it first. If someone says something you disagree with, then instead of deciding they are w 63 or arguing back, take a moment to consider why they have that opinion.
Finally, open your mind to new ideas. Even if you think you’re an expert on a subject there is always more you can learn,
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty This question is often used to t 64 people’s attitude in a situation: People who stay active always have positive thinking (a half-full glass), while those who are negative usually look on the other side (a half-empty one).
Why is positive thinking good for you
Research shows that people who have positive thinking are likely to experience l 65 stress and can do better when faced with challenges. However, people who always expect the worst to happen may find it hard to believe these challenges will pass. Scientists have found that thinking positively can make you happier and more s 66 . This is because you believe that you can reach your goals, which encourages you to work towards them.
Why is worrying like a fire alarm
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe. If you were never worried, you wouldn’t notice the danger ahead. But the f 67 is that it sometimes goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face. When this happens, you may feel upset and anxious about what is going to happen.
How do I deal with the ‘fire alarm’
1.Go somewhere peaceful and c 68 yourself. Take five deep breaths and think of your favourite sports stars. What would they say
2.Talk to a friend or trusted adult about your worries and try to understand where the ‘fire alarm’ is coming from.
3.Sometimes the alarm will d 69 if you sing to yourself, listen to music, cuddle the cat, have a bath or have something to eat or drink.
How can I be positive
These words are taken from children’s books for your reference.
1.‘Happiness can be found even in the d 70 times, if one remembers to turn on the light.’
2.‘I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship.’
（23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Every year, thousands of people’s lives are affected by disasters. This week the editor Becky in News Magazine i 71 a disaster survivor Fiona.
Becky: Fiona, you were in a cyclone (龙卷风). Where was that
Fiona: In north Australia, in Normanton. That’s where I live.
Becky: What did you do when the cyclone arrived
Fiona: We all stayed inside, in the basement, because that’s the s 72 place. We could hear the storm coming closer and closer. The noise was awful. At one point there was a really loud noise. I thought: “That’s it! It’s going to destroy the house!” I was s 73 .
Becky: And what happened after the cyclone
Fiona: There were terrible floods. More than 360 millimetres of rain fell in just twenty-four hours. The army had to bring food and water to the whole area by plane and helicopter. The s 74 thing was that waves from the coast and rivers flooded the land and carried three crocodiles to near my house! One of my neighbours hit a crocodile with his car—it was 1.6 metres long.
Becky: Really That’s hard to believe! So is everything b 75 to normal again now
Fiona: Not really. The floods have gone, but they destroyed a lot of homes and farms. It’s going to cost at least 110 million dollars to repair the damage.
Becky: Is the w 76 usually this bad
Fiona: No, but this summer was very hot. If it stays hot, there will probably be another cyclone. All the experts say that the chances of the extreme temperatures and heavy rain will i 77 because of climate change.
（23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
Home sweet home—this phrase brings back good memories and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, a flat, a tent or other places.
H 78 did you know that the condition of your living space can have an effect on your emotions (情感) and even on your mental health By organizing your living space, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
Add light
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can a 79 your mood. If the lighting is too dim (昏暗的), your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial (人工的) light may not do the trick, though. It is better to open your curtains because n 80 sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
Go green
To make sure you have good mental health, surround yourself with green plants. A large number of studies have shown that the presence of green plants in your home can i 81 mood.
Choose colors w 82
The color of your environment has an active influence on your mood. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere (氛围) can be a type of treatment.
Clean it up
Let’s all admit it; We have trouble keeping our space clean. But it doesn’t just look terrible; it makes you feel terrible. An untidy room both shows stress and causes stress. Disorder can show that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a m 83 can lead to more stress.
Cleaning up doesn’t have to take all day—just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You will be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
There is no l 84 to ways you can make your environment good for your mental health. You can put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make “home sweet home” much sweeter.
（23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
One of the first science fiction books published was Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth, written in 1864. This popular book marked the b 85 of our strong interest in science fiction. Since then, there have been books, magazines, computer games, radio and TV shows and films.
A science fiction story doesn’t just focus on the future; it focuses on the use of science in our future. Sometimes things that are written in science fiction stories a 86 become true. Star Trek first appeared on television in 1966. The crew of the spaceship spoke to each other on small mobile devices. A robot starred in the 1927 film, Metropolis.
In the 1982 film, Blade Runner, video communication was s 87 as an exciting thing of the future. This is one of the reasons why science fiction is so popular. It lets us think about how our world might be in the future. It gives us ideas about how we might make things on the Earth better than they are n 88 . It gives us possible solutions to problems.
A 89 reason is that it begins to answer some of the biggest questions in life, questions like Are we alone in the universe What could we do better Science fiction gives us the chance to think about these questions and c 90 possible answers.
People also like to get away from their daily lives through science fiction. It is d 91 to imagine a better way of doing this than reading a fantastic story about a place you have never been to and creatures you cannot imagine. It does this by making us feel that anything is possible.
Perhaps science fiction could also make us feel lucky to live here on the Earth. Perhaps it could even make us take better care of our planet.
（23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺。每 空格限填一词, 首字母已给)
People want to know if pre-made meals are healthy enough for teenagers. Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association (中国烹饪协会). There are several kinds of pre-made foods: ready-to-eat food, such as canned food or cooked food in packages, and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food. These foods usually r 92 heating or cooking first before being served.
Many people think that pre-made foods are less healthy because they usually need to be kept in f 93 . “In fact, freezing itself does not cause nutrition (营养) loss,” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old professor in diet in Beijing said. “But nutrition loss does happen when we heat or fry the food.
Vitamins B and C in meat and vegetables can be lost during that p 94 . By being heated or cooked twice or more, pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods,” Liu said.
“B 95 , many pre-made food companies put the taste of food ahead of nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher level of salt and sugar in the food and may cause serious health problems in the long term.
Additives (添加剂) are a 96 problem related to pre-made foods. They are mainly used to improve the flavour of the food, as well as to keep it, increase its shelf life, and color it. In China, food industry has already had modern technology to keep pre-made foods without any additives. In this way some food can be kept for a longer time. But it’s n 97 that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified (有资质的) food companies or supermarkets.
It is hoped that laws on pre-made meals can ensure better nutrition and hygiene (卫生). “In this way we hope pre-made meals will be a 98 by more and will bring convenience instead of worries to people. But at present, no one can tell.” Liu said.
（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给
“Moi, Sofia!” “Terve, Aleksi!” That’s “hello” in Finland（芬兰）. And that’s how students and staff g 99 each other at this Finnish school. Students call their teachers by their first names. Anna Hansson has gone to this school since first grade, so she knows everybody. Anna shouts “Moi” to her schoolmates as she arrives at 7:45 in the morning.
At her school, Anna and her classmates d 100 , along with their teacher, what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be. Students work at their own pace. They don’t always study together. Some may be in their home classroom. Others might be in a workshop, where they’re leaning by actually d 101 . Today, Anna’s group is working on a magazine in the workshop.
Anna and her classmates don’t learn by memorizing facts. Instead, they work together to gather information. They ask their teacher for help whenever they need to. The teacher doesn’t have to tell students to behave. The class is active and busy, but the teacher is in full c 102 . Everything is in order and everyone is behaving properly. Parents are welcome at the school and volunteer in workshops and evening classes.
After 90 minutes, students have a break for 30 minutes. Soon, it’s lunchtime! In Anna’s school, students get free hot m 103 every day. Today’s lunch is everybody’s favourite—meatballs and mashed potatoes. It is served with salad, bread and milk on the tables with flowers in vases.
Chores（日常琐事）have always been part of the school life. All students do chores, which i 104 taking care of plants, collecting trash, recycling, and composting. Students help in the library and in the kitchen.
School is over between 12 at noon and 2 in the afternoon. Most parents work, so city officials have built outdoor playgrounds and two buildings for younger students to do homework or play indoor games while waiting to be picked up. For o 105 students, there are clubs and hobby groups. They can study languages, learn to play instruments, and do arts and crafts.
（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
I didn’t cry when I learned I was the parent of a disabled child.
“Go ahead and cry,” the doctor advised kindly, but I couldn’t cry then, nor during the days that followed.
When Jenny was old enough, I sent her to a kindergarten. On the first morning, Jenny spent hours playing by herself. It seemed that she felt very l 106 .
However, to my joy, Jenny’s classmates always encouraged her, “you got all your spelling words right today!” In fact, her spelling list was the e 107 . Later she faced a very painful problem—at the end of the term, there was a game which had something to do with physical education. But Jenny was way behind in it.
My husband and I were anxious about the day. I wanted to keep her home. Why let Jenny fail in a gym filled with parents, students and teachers But my heart wouldn’t let me off that easily. So I pushed a pale, unwilling Jenny onto the school bus.
At the kindergarten, I was quite worried because of her slow action. Jenny would probably hold up (阻碍) her team. The game went on well u 108 it was time for the sack (麻袋) race. Surely Jenny would find it difficult. Now each child had to climb into a sack, jump to the finishing line, return and climb out of the sack. I noticed Jenny standing near the end of her line of players.
But as it was her turn to join, a c 109 took place in her team. The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her. The moment the player before Jenny stepped out from the sack, those two boys picked up the sack quickly and held it o 110 while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it. A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped f 111 , smiling and proud.
In the cheers of teachers, schoolmates and parents, I silently thanked Heaven for the warm, understanding people in life who make it p 112 for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings. Then I finally cried.
（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺.首字母已给出。
The pig war
THE MOST PERFECT WAR IN HISTORY
The year was 1859. America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused a 113 war between the two countries.
The pig was owned by a British man who lived on a small island. The island was just of the western part of North America. Both England and the US said the island was theirs. Across the island from the British man lived some American farmers. Everyone on the island got along peacefully. But the peace e 114 the day the British man’s pig decided to eat some of an American farmer’s potatoes.
One of the American farmers shot and killed the pig. Then the pigs owner wanted $100 from the man who shot the animal. That was a lot of money, so the farmer refused to pay it. The British and Americans began to argue, and the s 115 got worse. The farmers asked the governor over the island at that time for help. He sent a group of soldiers to protect the farmers. The British answered by sending 2,000 soldiers. The British were on one side of the island, and the Americans were on the other. The problem that began with the pig was about to t 116 into a shooting war.
When news of the problem reached Washington and London, both leaders were s 117 . Neither country wanted another war. They sent some men to try to fix the problem. After a discussion, it was decided that each country would keep a small group of soldier on the island. They would stay there until the two countries could decide who owned the island. Then the others would have to leave.
Twelve years went by. Neither side wanted to give up the island, but they knew they had to do something. They asked the leader of Germany to help decide. After nearly a year of discussion, a d 118 was made. America would get the island.
Finally, the Pig War was over and only one shot was fired. That was the shot that killed the pig!
（23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to teachers for help in order to get better grades, others choose to study t 119 . In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the s 120 idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic (学术的) resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and i 121 their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense (紧张的) atmosphere. Many people think it’s good to study in it. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying a 122 . However, by joining a study group, they get to observe their diligent partners and are more willing to work harder.
Study groups work best when they are s 123 . Four to five students is just OK. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review a lecture’s notes.
In addition, some study groups like to give members certain r 124 so that they would study most effectively. First they need an organizer. He usually gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place. They also need a group member to search for sources of information. His or her d 125 is to remind group members to identify their sources. When a group member says “I read somewhere that…” he or she is usually asked for specifics (细节). This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper tries to make sure that all group members are participating.
（23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words。
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well, but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference w 126 the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly (肚子) or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people’s rule. They make their own r 127 . Every one of them does his work in a way peculia r(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he f 128 it more easy to work in that way.
Now the very same thing is true to literature (文学). And the q 129 “How shall I begin ” only means that you want to begin at the head i 130 of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced (有经验的) e 131 to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail —that is to say, you will write the e 132 of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.
（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall Born: 3 April 1934 Known for: Being the first person to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have emotions, use tools and eat meat.
(N: National Geographic Kids Magazine J: Jane Goodall)
N: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals
J: I was ten when I decided I wanted to go to Africa and live with wild animals and write books about them. That’s about 70 years ago now, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have those opportunities (机会). So everybody laughed at me and said, “Jane, d 133 about something you can achieve.” But my mother said, “If you really want something, you’re going to have to work hard and never give up!”
N: Great a 134 ! What’ s been unusual about the work you’ve done
J: I studied animals in a different way. While I was in Tanzania in the 1960s, other scientists told me I’d done my whole study of chimpanzees w 135 . They explained that I shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they should have been numbered. I was told I couldn’t talk about their personalities, minds or emotions because they thought only humans had those things. But luckily, I’d learned from my dog as a child that what they said was not t 136 at all.
N: It sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies! What are you most p 137 of
J: Helping people to understand that humans are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it. When I started out, nobody else was studying chimpanzees in the wild, so I was able to show how their behaviour is like o 138 -kissing, hugging, holding hands, patting one another, etc.
N: What t 139 would you give to NG Kids readers who want to have a wild career like yours
J: You’ve got to really, really want it! You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also lots of chances for volunteering or for working at zoos. Keep your ears open for opportunities.
N: Thanks for the chat, Jane!

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