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2022级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷
英语
（试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the man go home
A. By bike. B. By subway. C. By bus.
2. What happened to the woman's son
A. He hurt his arm. B. He had a headache. C. He got pains in his fingers.
3. What will the man do tonight
A. Do his homework. B. Watch TV. C. Play football.
4. What is Mary's phone number
A. 97756431. B. 86727151. C. 86727115.
5. What is the man looking for
A. A computer. B. A cup of tea. C. A book.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5 分，满分22. 5分）
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What will the woman do for Albert's birthday
A. Decorate his room. B. Organize a party. C. Prepare a big dinner.
7. What does the woman ask the man to bring
A. Juice. B. A cake. C. Fruit.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An interview. B. An English class. C. A piece of homework.
9. What did Mr. Gray talk a lot about
A. The methods of learning English. B. The culture of some countries. C. The rules in the classroom.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What has the man decided to do for his holiday
A. Go climbing. B. Go hiking. C. Go camping.
11. How long will the man be away
A. Seven days. B. Six days. C. Five days.
12. What is the woman's opinion about hiking and climbing
A. Fun. B. Tiring. C. Relaxing.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At home. B. At school. C. At a restaurant.
14. Who does the girl usually talk to when she is upset
A. Her friends. B. Her parents. C. Her teachers.
15. Where would the girl talk with her friend
A. In a shopping centre. B. In a classroom. C. In a cafe.
16. What does the man suggest the girl do
A. Study hard.
B. Shop with her friends.
C. Get in touch with her friends often.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. Why is the speaker usually hungry by lunchtime
A. She doesn't eat biscuits at work. B. She only has a drink for breakfast. C. She works very hard.
18. When does the speaker end her lunch break
A. At about 1: 15. B. At about 2: 00. C. At about 2: 15.
19. What does the speaker drink for lunch
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Water.
20. What does the speaker think of her life
A. Stressful. B. Enjoyable. C. Unhealthy.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Save your annual leave and explore beautiful towns and places with day trips less than two hours from London, offering a change of scenery, delicious food and a good walk. You can head into work the next day feeling refreshed.
Margate
The old will remember Margate as a somewhat mocked holiday location, a vintage (复古的) style amusement park with rides. However, the young are now moving here in droves as they take advantage of the excellent transport links and the working opportunities. Another draw is the Turner Contemporary art gallery opened in 2011 to celebrate artist JMW Turner, and his connection to Margate. The gallery is free to enter and has spectacular views.
The New Forest
At over 200 square miles, the New Forest is a protected national park dotted with small towns. There are many trails to walk or cycle, which are worth planning in advance. Thenewforest.co.uk is a useful resource as it has walking and cycle routes split into family, dog-friendly and those that take in pubs or villages.
Brighton
There is something for everyone in Brighton: traditional fish and chips, vegan and restaurants, the Royal Pavil ion and shops — both vintage and contemporary — selling clothing, jewellery, chocolate and records. Any of the small coffee shops would be a great first stop before heading to the very pink Books for Amnesty shop.
The Cotswolds
With the instantly recognisable pale-yellow stone cottages and seemingly unending supply of pubs, the towns and villages that comprise the Cotswolds are well worth a visit. Spend the morning walking around Chipping Norton, a market town with shops and theatres. Be sure to pop-in to Jaffé and Neale, the bookshop and cafe that has been open since 2006.
1. What attracts the younger generation in Margate
A. Its amusement park. B. The protected national park.
C. The Turner Contemporary art gallery. D. Its convenient transportation and working chances.
2. Where should you go if you want to walk with your dog
A. Brighton. B. The New Forest. C. Margate. D. The Cotswolds.
3 What do Brighton and The Cotswolds have in common
A. Life style. B. Traditional food. C. Coffee houses. D. Ancient cottages.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个旅游目的地，从伦敦出发不到两小时的一日游，探索美丽的城镇和地方，提供改变风景，美味的食物和良好的散步。第二天可以精神抖擞地去上班。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Margate部分的“However, the young are now moving here in droves as they take advantage of the excellent transport links and the working opportunities.(然而，年轻人现在正成群结队地搬到这里，因为他们利用了这里良好的交通联系和工作机会)”可知，Margate吸引年轻人的地方是便利的交通和工作机会。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The New Forest部分的“Thenewforest.co.uk is a useful resource as it has walking and cycle routes split into family, dog-friendly and those that take in pubs or villages.(Thenewforest.co.uk是一个有用的资源，因为它有步行和自行车路线分为家庭路线、狗友好路线和酒吧或村庄路线)”可知，如果你想遛狗，你应该去The New Forest。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Brighton部分“Any of the small coffee shops would be a great first stop before heading to the very pink Books for Amnesty shop.(在前往非常粉红色的大赦书籍商店之前，任何一家小咖啡馆都是不错的第一站)”和The Cotswolds部分的“Be sure to pop-in to Jaffé and Neale, the bookshop and cafe that has been open since 2006.(一定要去Jaffeve and Neale逛逛，这家书店兼咖啡馆从2006年就开始营业了)”可知，这两个地方都有咖啡屋。故选C。
B
In a small tea shop located in Bisalpur, Uttar Pradesh, one can spot unique furniture like stools (凳子) and tables made of bricks and recycled plastic. Other than customers, tourists who come to visit the nearby Jawai Dam often stop by here to hand plastic waste over to the shopkeeper. Run by Kana Ram Mewada, the shop not only sells tea and snacks, but also leads a campaign to reduce the use of single-use plastic in the village.
According to a report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 2019—2020, 3. 5million metric tons (公吨) of plastic waste is annually generated in India, and will remain in landfills (垃圾填埋场) for the upcoming hundreds of years.
Kana was deeply disturbed after reading that report on the Internet and began thinking about ways to raise the villagers’ awareness and make his village free of plastic.
He started a campaign by collecting plastic waste from his own shop and roadside. Whenever customers came, he explained the campaign. In order to attract more people, he started giving something in return for the waste they brought. Sometimes, he purchased a few things made of recycled waste to show the villagers and told them they were created from their plastic waste contribution. He also made decorative items out of the waste and placed them around the shop.
As a result, people from the village became curious about his campaign. Even tourists began participating in the exchange. And today, the forest, rivers and public spaces that were once filled with plastic waste are cleaner than before.
He hopes that he can also help the neighboring villages recycle plastic waste and make the whole area plastic-free. “When an ordinary person like me decided to start a cause, it was inspiring that a whole village stood by me and supported me. We can all become torchbearers (启蒙者) for a better tomorrow. What we have to do is take a step forward,” he said.
4. What led Kana to start the campaign
A. An online report. B. Tourists’ behavior.
C. Customers’ advice. D. His visit to landfills.
5. Why did Kana place plastic decorations around his shop
A. To get more people to join his campaign. B. To teach shoppers how to make them.
C. To make his shop much more beautiful. D. To advertise the goods in his shop.
6. Which of the following can best describe Kana
A. Considerate and proud. B. Ambitious and generous.
C. Responsible and creative. D. Determined and humorous.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A shopkeeper’s path to success. B. A historic tourist spot in Bisalpur.
C. A unique way of turning waste into art. D. A shopkeeper’s campaign for plastic recycling.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了店主Kana Ram Mewada在看了网上的报告后，决定发起收集塑料垃圾，让村庄远离塑料的活动。他把塑料做成一些独特的家具，吸引了很多人参与。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Kana was deeply disturbed after reading that report on the Internet and began thinking about ways to raise the villagers’ awareness and make his village free of plastic. (卡纳在网上读到这篇报道后深感不安，他开始思考如何提高村民的意识，让他的村庄远离塑料。)”可知，网上报告让卡纳发起了这场运动。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“He started a campaign by collecting plastic waste from his own shop and roadside. Whenever customers came, he explained the campaign. In order to attract more people, he started giving something in return for the waste they brought. (他从自己的商店和路边收集塑料垃圾，发起了一项运动。每当顾客来了，他就向他们解释这次活动。为了吸引更多的人，他开始为他们带来的垃圾提供一些回报。)”可知，卡纳在他的商店周围放置塑料装饰是为了让更多的人加入他的运动。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Kana was deeply disturbed after reading that report on the Internet and began thinking about ways to raise the villagers’ awareness and make his village free of plastic. (卡纳在网上读到这篇报道后深感不安，他开始思考如何提高村民的意识，让他的村庄远离塑料。)”以及第一段“In a small tea shop located in Bisalpur, Uttar Pradesh, one can spot unique furniture like stools (凳子) and tables made of bricks and recycled plastic. (在北方邦比萨尔普尔的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些独特的家具，比如用砖和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。)”可推知，卡纳有责任心和创造性。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a small tea shop located in Bisalpur, Uttar Pradesh, one can spot unique furniture like stools (凳子) and tables made of bricks and recycled plastic. Other than customers, tourists who come to visit the nearby Jawai Dam often stop by here to hand plastic waste over to the shopkeeper. Run by Kana Ram Mewada, the shop not only sells tea and snacks, but also leads a campaign to reduce the use of single-use plastic in the village. (在北方邦比萨尔普尔的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些独特的家具，比如用砖和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。除了顾客之外，来附近贾瓦伊大坝参观的游客也经常路过这里，把塑料垃圾交给店主。这家店由Kana Ram Mewada经营，不仅出售茶叶和零食，还领导了一场减少村里一次性塑料使用的运动。)”结合文章主要说明了店主Kana Ram Mewada在看了网上的报告后，决定发起收集塑料垃圾，让村庄远离塑料的活动。他把塑料做成一些独特的家具，吸引了很多人参与。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个店主的塑料回收运动。故选D。
C
Despite the fact that burgers, chips and fries are known as some of the most unhealthy food we can eat, they are still the most popular food.
There are a few reasons behind that. First, junk food is generally easy to get and take with you. This convenience is a major draw for many, especially people who are always on the go. Restaurants like McDonald’s and KFC can be found outside many schools and workplaces, providing meals in under a minute.
Secondly, junk food contains a lot of added sugar and fat. This kind of food causes our brain to send out certain chemicals, which produce the feeling of relaxation, pleasure and enjoyment. That’s why such food is called “comfort food”.
Thirdly, our ancestors didn’t have such easy access to the huge variety of food we come across every day. They didn’t have the convenience of having food as easily as we do. So they made it a habit to eat as much as they could to survive and protect themselves from the hard natural conditions. The cave mentality (心理) is passed down to us, which makes us believe that we can never have enough food that is high in sugar and fat, no matter how crazily we eat.
Besides, when we are too worried and tired to relax, our body produces cortisol (皮质醇), which increases the sugar content in the blood, so it can be used as energy to aid in fat and carbohydrate metabolism (碳水化合物代谢). Additionally, it is also found to increase hunger. That’s the reason why when we’re thinking about unpleasant things, we prefer foods that are high in sugar, fat and carbohydrate, that is to say unhealthy food.
8. Why are McDonald’s and KFC mentioned
A. To show they take up the best site. B. To show they provide good service.
C. To show they are famous for their taste. D. To show they make junk food easy to get.
9. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 4
A. We need all kinds of food. B. Our ancestors lived a hard life.
C. We are born to eat more than we need. D. It is difficult for us to change our habits.
10 What is a cause of the increase of sugar content in our body
A. Too much stress. B. A wish for food.
C. A fast metabolic rate. D. Not having enough energy.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. How harmful junk food is. B. Why fast food is so delicious.
C. How we can develop a healthy lifestyle. D. Why we love unhealthy food so much.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“First, junk food is generally easy to get and take with you. This convenience is a major draw for many, especially people who are always on the go. Restaurants like McDonald’s and KFC can be found outside many schools and workplaces, providing meals in under a minute. (首先，垃圾食品通常很容易买到并随身携带。这种便利是吸引许多人主要原因，尤其是那些总是在路上的人。像麦当劳和肯德基这样的餐厅可以在许多学校和工作场所外找到，在一分钟内提供饭菜。)”可推知，提到麦当劳和肯德基是为了表明他们使垃圾食品很容易得到。故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thirdly, our ancestors didn’t have such easy access to the huge variety of food we come across every day. They didn’t have the convenience of having food as easily as we do. So they made it a habit to eat as much as they could to survive and protect themselves from the hard natural conditions. The cave mentality (心理) is passed down to us, which makes us believe that we can never have enough food that is high in sugar and fat, no matter how crazily we eat. (第三，我们的祖先没有这么容易获得我们每天遇到的各种各样的食物。他们不像我们这样容易得到食物。因此，他们养成了尽可能多吃的习惯，以生存并保护自己免受恶劣的自然条件的影响。洞穴心态传给了我们，这让我们相信，无论我们吃得多么疯狂，我们都永远不会有足够的高糖和高脂肪的食物。)”可知，第四段告诉我们，我们生来就吃得比我们需要的多。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides, when we are too worried and tired to relax, our body produces cortisol (皮质醇), which increases the sugar content in the blood, so it can be used as energy to aid in fat and carbohydrate metabolism (碳水化合物代谢). Additionally, it is also found to increase hunger. (此外，当我们过于担心和疲劳而无法放松时，我们的身体会产生皮质醇，这会增加血液中的糖含量，因此它可以作为能量来帮助脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢。此外，它还会增加饥饿感。)”可知，压力太大导致我们体内的糖含量增加。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite the fact that burgers, chips and fries are known as some of the most unhealthy food we can eat, they are still the most popular food. (尽管汉堡、薯条和薯条被认为是最不健康的食物，但它们仍然是最受欢迎的食物。)”结合文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是为什么我们这么喜欢不健康的食物。故选D。
D
One of the things that make humans mammals (哺乳动物) is that we’re warm-blooded — our bodies have high metabolism (新陈代谢) that maintains our internal temperature independent of the surroundings, unlike cold-blooded animals that have to lie in the sun for heat. Among modern animals, only mammals and birds are warm-blooded and our ability to keep ourselves warm has enabled us to survive in icy weather and make long migrations. But it’s been a mystery exactly when mammals evolved their high metabolism. In a new study, scientists point to an unlikely source for determining when ancient mammal ancestors became warm-blooded.
The ears of all living creatures that have backbones contain tiny canals (管道) filled with fluid that helps us balance. The runniness (流动性) of that fluid changes based on temperature, and our inner ears have evolved different sizes so that the fluid can flow correctly. Cold-blooded animals’ ear fluid is cooler and thicker, so it needs wider spaces to travel through, while warm-blooded animals have runnier ear fluid, so our canals are different.
“Canals were generally used to predict the movement of fossil organisms. However, by carefully looking at their biomechanics (生物力学) , we figured that we could also use them to infer body temperature,” says Romain David, one of the study’s lead authors. “This is because, like honey, the fluid inside canals gets runnier when temperature increases, impacting function. Therefore, during the transition to endothermy (温血性) , physical adaptation was required to keep best performances, and we could track ear canals in mammal ancestors. ”
To track these evolutionary changes, the researchers compared the sizes of the inner ear canals of over 300 animals, including 243 living species and 64 extinct ones. They found that mammal ancestors didn’t develop the kinds of inner ear structures ideal for warm-blooded animals until 233 million years ago.
The origin of mammalian endothermy is one of the great mysteries to be solved. Many different approaches have been used to try to predict when it first evolved, but they have often given unclear or conflicting results. This method shows real promise because it has been confirmed using a very large number of modern species.
12. Which of the following might be the key to mammals’ long migrations
A. The large body size. B. The rich food resources.
C. The warm-bloodedness. D. The adaptability to surroundings.
13. What can we learn about warm-blooded animals compared to cold-blooded ones
A. They have much bigger backbones.
B. Their inner ear canals are relatively narrow.
C. They are much more sensitive to outside sounds.
D. Their ear fluid seldom changes with temperature.
14. What do Romain David’s words in paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A. Theories on the evolution of mammal ancestors.
B. The reason for studying the inner ears of mammals.
C. The importance of physical adaptation to mammals.
D. Possible ways to predict the movement of fossil organisms.
15. What’s the author’s attitude to the new method of tracking evolutionary changes
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究发现，通过研究动物的内耳可以研究哺乳动物为什么是恒温动物。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Among modern animals, only mammals and birds are warm-blooded and our ability to keep ourselves warm has enabled us to survive in icy weather and make long migrations. (在现代动物中，只有哺乳动物和鸟类是恒温动物，我们保持体温的能力使我们能够在寒冷的天气中生存，并进行长途迁徙。)”可知，哺乳动物能进行长途迁徙的关键是因为是恒温动物。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ears of all living creatures that have backbones contain tiny canals filled with fluid that helps us balance. The runniness of that fluid changes based on temperature, and our inner ears have evolved different sizes so that the fluid can flow correctly. Cold-blooded animals’ ear fluid is cooler and thicker, so it needs wider spaces to travel through, while warm-blooded animals have runnier ear fluid, so our canals are different. (所有有脊椎的生物的耳朵里都有微小的管道，里面充满液体，帮助我们保持平衡。这种液体的流动性会随着温度的变化而变化，我们的内耳也进化出了不同的大小，这样液体才能正常流动。冷血动物的耳液更冷、更厚，所以需要更宽的空间来通过，而恒温动物的耳液更流动，所以我们的耳道是不同的。)”可知，比起冷血动物，恒温动物的内耳道相对狭窄。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Canals were generally used to predict the movement of fossil organisms. However, by carefully looking at their biomechanics, we figured that we could also use them to infer body temperature,” says Romain David, one of the study’s lead authors. “This is because, like honey, the fluid inside canals gets runnier when temperature increases, impacting function. Therefore, during the transition to endothermy, physical adaptation was required to keep best performances, and we could track ear canals in mammal ancestors. ” (“运河通常被用来预测化石生物的运动。然而，通过仔细观察它们的生物力学，我们发现我们也可以用它们来推断体温，”该研究的主要作者之一罗曼·大卫说。“这是因为，像蜂蜜一样，当温度升高时，管道内的液体会变得更流动，影响功能。因此，在向恒温动物过渡的过程中，需要身体适应以保持最佳表现，我们可以追踪哺乳动物祖先的耳道。”)”可知，本段讲述了研究哺乳动物耳道的理由。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This method shows real promise because it has been confirmed using a very large number of modern species. (这种方法显示出真正的希望，因为它已经被大量的现代物种所证实。)”可推知，作者对追踪进化变化的新方法持赞赏态度。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Less Emotional
Being overly emotional may mean reacting to feelings like anger, sadness and fear quickly instead of letting all of your intelligence weigh in. Chances are, if you feel overly emotional you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn't always constructive. ___16___
Identify emotions. It's important to know what you feel so you can adequately address each emotion appropriately. ___17___ If you feel anger, for instance, you may start to notice your breathing quickening, your muscles tensing, or your skin feeling flushed. If you're happy, you may notice smiling or feelings of lightness in your body.
___18___ They can help calm you down when you're experiencing overwhelming emotions. If you're feeling overwhelmed by emotional intensity, pause to focus on your breathing. Breathing techniques can help you manage your emotions more effectively and help you handle intense emotions better. You may notice that as you experience intense emotions, they bring you further from experiencing yourself and your body.
Monitor your expectations. Sometimes, the way you feel may be influenced by how you expect to feel. ___19___ If you notice yourself placing expectations on how you “should” feel, hold off on making that judgment until you've completed the situation. Or, you may consider which situations you want to enter into beforehand.
Adjust your routines to reduce stress. Think about what events trigger your strong emotions, and try to either avoid them or control your response. For instance, if you tend to get anxious because you often run late for work, adjust your morning routine so you are not rushing. ___20___
A. Cope with your emotions.
B. Practice breathing techniques.
C. However, it's important to learn to regulate your emotions.
D. If you feel anxious, you may notice you burn a lot of emotional energy worrying.
E. Start to reflect on how your body feels when you notice an emotion coming through.
F. If there is a group of people that bring out lots of unpleasant emotions, decrease your time with them.
G. For instance, if you expect that watching a movie may make you sad, you may end up feeling sad.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何不过度情绪化的有效方式。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Being overly emotional may mean reacting to feelings like anger, sadness and fear quickly instead of letting all of your intelligence weigh in. Chances are, if you feel overly emotional you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn't always constructive.(过度情绪化可能意味着对愤怒、悲伤和恐惧等情绪的反应很快，而不是让你所有的智力都发挥作用。很有可能，如果你感觉过于情绪化，那么你处理情绪的方式并不总是建设性的)”及下文小标题讲述如何不过度情绪化的策略可知，C项“然而，学会调节情绪是很重要的。”符合语境，承上启下，与前文是转折关系，引出下文内容。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Identify emotions. It's important to know what you feel so you can adequately address each emotion appropriately.(识别情绪。了解自己的感受是很重要的，这样你才能适当地处理每一种情绪)”可知，要识别自己的情绪，了解自己的感受以便于适当的处理情绪。由此可知，E项“当你注意到一种情绪时，开始反思你的身体是如何感受的。”符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
空处为段落标题，根据后文“They can help calm you down when you're experiencing overwhelming emotions. If you're feeling overwhelmed by emotional intensity, pause to focus on your breathing. Breathing techniques can help you manage your emotions more effectively and help you handle intense emotions better. (当你情绪失控时，它们可以帮助你平静下来。如果你被强烈的情绪压得喘不过气来，停下来专注于你的呼吸。呼吸技巧可以帮助你更有效地管理你的情绪，帮助你更好地处理强烈的情绪)”可知，本段建议通过呼吸调整情绪。由此可知，B项“练习呼吸技巧。”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Monitor your expectations. Sometimes, the way you feel may be influenced by how you expect to feel.(监控你的期望。有时候，你的感受可能会受到你期望的感受的影响)”可知，情绪感受会受到期待的影响，因此要监控自己的期待，结合下文“If you notice yourself placing expectations on how you “should” feel, hold off on making that judgment until you've completed the situation. Or, you may consider which situations you want to enter into beforehand.(如果你注意到自己对自己“应该”的感觉抱有期望，那么在你完成这个情况之前，先不要做出这样的判断。或者，你可以事先考虑你想要进入哪些情况)”可知，我们要监控自己的期待的方式。由此可知，G项“例如，如果你期望看一部电影会让你感到悲伤，你最终可能会感到悲伤。”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Adjust your routines to reduce stress. Think about what events trigger your strong emotions, and try to either avoid them or control your response. For instance, if you tend to get anxious because you often run late for work, adjust your morning routine so you are not rushing.( 调整你的日常生活以减少压力。想想是什么事件触发了你强烈的情绪，然后试着避免它们或者控制你的反应。例如，如果你经常因为上班迟到而感到焦虑，那就调整一下你的早晨习惯，这样你就不会赶时间了)”可知，通过调整日常生活减少情绪化，并举例说明。由此可知，F项“如果有一群人会给你带来很多不愉快的情绪，那就减少和他们在一起的时间。”符合语境，与前文都是举例说明如何调整日常生活减少情绪化。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In elementary school, my father told me, “It doesn’t matter what you'll do when you grow up; the key is that it will make you pleased. ___21___ is the whole point of life. It needs ___22___ and effort. Your mother loves to help people ___23___ , so she became a nurse. I love reading and poetry, so I became a poet. We both find happiness in daily hard work.”
A few years later when I was in junior high, my head teacher ___24___ with me after school because I wasn’t ___25___ . She mentioned some successful people in history during the conversation. Then she asked what my ___26___ was. I told her that I just wanted to be happy. She ___27___ for a moment and then she agreed with me.
When I was a young girl, the letter that my grandma wrote to me had a line about “ ___28___ happiness in hard work”, which is my motto that still resonates (产生共鸣) with me today. I find some people attach to the ___29___ that life should be easier than it is. ___30___ , I think, regardless of what you ___31___ , you mustn’t neglect hard work, because happiness is hidden in ___32___ .
Since graduation from college, I have been ___33___ to passing all my knowledge to my students. I find happiness when my hard work is ___34___ by their respect and love for me. Because of my contribution to ___35___ , I won the Excellent Teacher Award this year and I'll do more in the future.
21.
A. Fitness B. Happiness C. Forgiveness D. Calmness
22.
A. confidence B. satisfaction C. experience D. enthusiasm
23.
A. in need B. in panic C. in poor D. in general
24.
A. joked B. dealt C. talked D. quarreled
25.
A. active B. attractive C. cautious D. ambitious
26.
A. secret B. dream C. concern D. feature
27.
A. thought B. cried C. laughed D. waited
28.
A spreading B. defining C. imagining D. seeking
29.
A. suggestion B. exception C. expectation D. conclusion
30.
A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore
31.
A. give up B. pick out C. engage in D. come across
32.
A. effort B. darkness C. courage D. trouble
33.
A. devoted B. limited C. tried D. expected
34.
A. determined B. inspired C. replaced D. repaid
35.
A. history B. education C. medicine D. literature
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者从小受到父亲的教育，认为幸福是生活的全部意义，希望成为一个通过努力而获得幸福的人，并最终成为了一名优秀的教师，也找到了快乐和幸福。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸福是生活的全部意义。A. Fitness健康；B. Happiness高兴，幸福；C. Forgiveness原谅；D. Calmness冷静。上文“the key is that it will make you pleased”提到关键是要高兴，故此处指幸福是生活的全部意义，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它需要热情和努力。A. confidence信心；B. satisfaction满意；C. experience经验；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“Your mother loves to help people ___3___ , so she became a nurse.”可知，母亲由于热爱而成为护士，故此处指它需要热情，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：你妈妈喜欢帮助有需要的人，所以她当了护士。A. in need需要，在困难中；B. in panic恐慌；C. in poor在贫穷中；D. in general一般来说。根据“so she became a nurse”可知，成为护士应是为了帮助有需要的人，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，当我上初中的时候，我的班主任在放学后和我谈话，因为我没有抱负。A. joked开玩笑； B. dealt处理；C. talked谈论，交谈；D. quarreled争吵。结合下文“during the conversation”可知，老师和作者谈话，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. active积极的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. ambitious有野心的。结合下文“She mentioned some successful people in history during the conversation.(她在谈话中提到了历史上一些成功人士)”可知，老师提到一些成功人士，说明作者没什么雄心壮志，老师以此来激励作者，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她问我的梦想是什么。A. secret秘密；B. dream梦想；C. concern担心；D. feature特点。根据“I told her that I just wanted to be happy.(我告诉她我只想过得幸福)”可知，老师问作者的梦想是什么，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想了一会儿，然后同意了我的观点。A. thought思考，想；B. cried哭；C. laughed大笑；D. waited等待。根据句中“then”和“she agreed with me”可知，老师应该是在思考之后，同意了作者的观点。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，奶奶写给我的信里有一句“在努力中寻找幸福”，这句话至今仍让我记忆犹新。A. spreading传播；B. defining定义；C. imagining想象；D. seeking寻找。根据下文“because happiness is hidden in ___12___”可知，幸福是藏在努力工作中的，所以奶奶鼓励作者要学会在努力工作中寻找幸福。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现有些人期望生活应该比实际情况更容易。A. suggestion建议；B. exception例外；C. expectation期待，期望；D. conclusion结论。结合下文“life should be easier than it is”以及“I think”可知，此处是描述有些人对生活的看法，希望生活比它实际的情况更容易，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我认为，无论你从事什么工作，你都不能忽视努力，因为幸福隐藏在努力中。A. Otherwise否则；B. Moreover而且，此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“life should be easier than it is”以及下文“you mustn’t neglect hard work”可知，上下文是转折关系，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. give up放弃；B. pick out挑选；C. engage in从事；D. come across偶然遇到。结合上文“___8___ happiness in hard work”和本句中“you mustn’t forget hard work”可知，这里是指无论从事什么工作，都不能忘了要努力。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. effort努力；B. darkness黑暗；C. courage勇气；D. trouble麻烦。根据前文“It needs ___2___ and effort.”和“ ___8___ happiness in hard work”可知，幸福需要努力，我们要在努力工作中发现幸福，因为它藏在努力中。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从大学毕业以来，我一直致力于把我所有的知识传授给我的学生。A. devoted致力于；B. limited限制；C. tried尝试，努力；D. expected期望。结合上文“a line about “___8___ happiness in hard work”, which is my motto”以及下文“my hard work”可知，作者的座右铭是在努力工作中寻找幸福，所以此处是说大学毕业后一直致力于传授知识，努力工作，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的努力得到他们对我的尊重和爱的回报时，我感到幸福。A. determined决定；B. inspired鼓舞；C. replaced代替；D. repaid酬报，回报。结合“by their respect and love for me”可知，作者得到了学生们的尊重和爱戴，这是对作者努力工作的回报，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我对教育的贡献，今年我获得了优秀教师奖，以后我会做得更多。A. history历史；B. education教育；C. medicine医药；D. literature文学。结合下文“I won the Excellent Teacher Award this year”可知，作者是一名老师，故是对教育作出贡献，故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
语法填空
The world has just endured its hottest year on record, with global average temperatures ___36___ (break) historical records. There is no denying that climate change is one of the most urgent ___37___ (challenge) facing humankind. No one can be safe ___38___ the threat of climate change.
China, the world's largest developing country and a responsible major country, ___39___ (overcome) many challenges by taking a series of measures so far. It has planned to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The country is set to achieve the highest ___40___ (reduce) in carbon intensity globally. ___41___ (addition), promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy ___42___ (be) now a globally accepted method of addressing climate change.
Because of global warming, extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity. Building ___43___ solid front line of disaster prevention is crucial for dealing with the effects of extreme weather events. People are expected work together to ___44___ (deep) international cooperation and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world and safeguarding the Earth, the only place ____45____ we can call home.
【答案】36. breaking
37. challenges
38. from 39. has overcome
40. reduction
41. Additionally
42. is 43. a
44. deepen 45. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地球所面临的气候调整，中国为此做出的巨大贡献，呼吁全社会采取紧急行动，加强合作，减缓和适应气候变化，应对地球变暖带来的严峻挑战。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：世界刚刚经历了有记录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温打破了历史记录。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构作状语，break作宾语补足语，与宾语temperatures是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填breaking。
【37题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：不可否认，气候变化是人类面临的最紧迫的挑战之一。one of后接复数名词。故填challenges。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：没有人能免受气候变化的威胁。safe from“免受……的伤害或危险；不受某种威胁或危险的影响”是固定短语。故填from。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：中国，作为世界上最大的发展中国家和负责任大国，迄今为止采取了一系列措施，克服了诸多挑战。分析句子可知，overcome是谓语动词，由so far可知，用现在完成时，主语China是第三人称单数，助动词使用has，故填has overcome。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个国家将实现全球最高的碳强度降低。此处作宾语，应用名词reduction，不可数名词。故填reduction。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：另外，促进清洁能源和经济的低碳转型是目前全球公认的应对气候变化的方法。分析句子可知，此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词additionally，作状语，表示递进关系。故填Additionally。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意同上。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy，be动词使用is。故填is。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：建立坚实的防灾前线对于应对极端天气事件的影响至关重要。分析句子可知，此处表示泛指，solid以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：希望各国人民携起手来，深化国际合作，为建设一个清洁美丽的世界，为保护我们唯一的家园地球作出更大贡献。分析句子可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，空前to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填deepen。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：希望各国人民携起手来，深化国际合作，为建设一个清洁美丽的世界，为保护我们唯一的家园地球作出更大贡献。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是place，指物，关系词从句中作宾语，且先行词有the only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 现代社会，短视频日渐成为了生活的一部分，很多学生也沉迷其中。假如你是李华，上周你班就此现象展开了一次激烈的讨论，给你的好友Eric写信，阐述你的观点。
内容包括：1. 对此现象的看法；2. 理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：短视频 short video
Dear Eric,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Eric,
Nowadays, more and more people become addicted to short videos. Last Friday our class had a debate on the topic. Here’s what I think about the phenomenon.
First of all, spending too much time on short videos does harm to our body and mind as some of the videos are fake, others are not educational, also causing physical diseases such as near-sightedness and cervical pain without noticing. Besides, it takes much time to browse screens that we could have otherwise taken advantage of to read, study or exercise.
So we should try to avoid spending too much time on short videos.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Eric写信，阐述自己对于短视频日渐成为了生活的一部分，许多学生沉浸其中这一现象的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first of all→to start with
此外：besides→what’s more
利用：take advantage of→make use of
无意识地：without noticing→unconsciously
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nowadays, more and more people become addicted to short videos.
拓展句：Nowadays, more and more people become addicted to short videos which take up most of their leisure time.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, spending too much time on short videos does harm to our body and mind as some of the videos are fake, others are not educational, also causing physical diseases such as near-sightedness and cervical pain without noticing.（运用了动名词作主语，as引导状语从句及现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】Besides, it takes much time to browse screens that we could have otherwise taken advantage of to read, study or exercise.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语及that引导限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With no air conditioners and no trees providing shade, the classrooms that faced south at my children’s middle school got too hot during the warmer months of the school year. I knew from my days volunteering in the school that students and staff got overheated and that it was difficult for them to concentrate.
As a long-time master gardener, I knew trees could shade those classroom windows and reduce the temperatures inside to relatively comfortable levels. If benches and trees were added, the front yard would be transformed into a beautiful outdoor classroom, one that would encourage teachers to bring their students outside to learn. And I imagined how wonderful it would be for our district’s kids, many of whom live in apartment buildings without yards or green space, to experience the happiness of sitting on a bench under a leafy green tree during their school day.
Then, I met with the school’s Parent-Teacher Association and told my idea of changing the school’s front yard. And I expressed my willingness to organize the project. The group liked the idea but thought it was too difficult. However, several days later, the principal told me, “I had further discussions with my staff. We all think you are very kind. We want to work with you to transform our school’s front yard.”
Later, I found a professional landscape designer who promised to design our front yard free of charge. After that, I found a local company that promised to deliver topsoil (表土) at a deeply discounted price when we were ready to transform our front yard. Then I contacted a charity which promised to provide us with various shade trees for free that would grow well in our area. And it would send a professional crew to help us plant the trees.
Then, we named our future front yard “The Habitat for Living & Learning”. At this point, we spoke with everyone we knew about the Habitat for Living & Learning. The hard work of spreading topsoil, digging and planting was scheduled to begin within weeks.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Para. 1: So we posted the tasks in the school’s front hall where everyone could see them.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2: Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began working to spread the topsoil.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
So we posted the tasks in the school’s front hall where everyone could see them. Students, staff, and volunteers all signed up to help with various aspects of the project. It was heartwarming to see so many people coming together for a common goal. Students researched how to do gardening work, and staff worked on incorporating the outdoor classroom concept into their lesson plans. Volunteers donated tools, seeds, and other necessary materials. The energy and enthusiasm were contagious, driving us all forward with excitement and determination.
Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began working to spread the topsoil. It was hard work, but seeing the barren yard gradually being covered with nutrient-rich soil filled us with a sense of accomplishment. Students eagerly helped professionals plant the young trees. Staff members and volunteers set up benches and outdoor learning stations, turning the once-empty space into a welcoming environment. The landscape designer’s plan started to come to life before our eyes. The sense of pride and togetherness that filled the air was palpable, as we worked side by side to create a vibrant outdoor oasis for the school community.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者在自己孩子的学校做志愿者的时候，留心到学校前院缺乏树木和遮荫，造成学生和工作人员在炎热的天气里难以集中注意力。作者想到树木可以帮助降低室内温度，向家长教师协会提议将前院改造成一个美丽的户外教室，给学生们提供更舒适的学习环境。虽然这个想法实施起来比较困难，但校长最终同意进行前院的改造。作者找到专业的景观设计师、当地公司和慈善机构，为改造计划做好了前期的筹备工作，铺设表土、挖掘和种植的工作将在几周内开始。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“所以我们把任务贴在学校的前厅，每个人都能看到”可知，第一段可描写很多人积极报名参与这项任务，以及大家开始从事不同的准备工作。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，每个人——学生、工作人员和志愿者——都开始努力铺开表层土壤”可知，第二段可描写大家都认真投入到改造工作中，以及作者对这项工作的感受。
2. 续写线索：贴任务——积极报名——准备工作——铺设表层土壤——认真工作——感受
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①把……融合进……：incorporate… into…/integrate…into…
②促使：drive/urge/impel
③把……转变为……：turn… into…/transform…into…
④开始做某事：start to do/begin to do
⑤创造：create/produce
情绪类
①激情：enthusiasm/passion/keenness
②兴奋：excitement/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was hard work, but seeing the barren yard gradually being covered with nutrient-rich soil filled us with a sense of accomplishment. (动名词短语seeing…作主语)
[高分句型2] The sense of pride and togetherness that filled the air was palpable as we worked side by side to create a vibrant outdoor oasis for the school community. (that引导限制性定语从句、as引导时间状语从句)2022级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷
英语
（试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the man go home
A. By bike. B. By subway. C. By bus.
2. What happened to the woman's son
A. He hurt his arm. B. He had a headache. C. He got pains in his fingers.
3. What will the man do tonight
A. Do his homework. B. Watch TV. C. Play football.
4. What is Mary's phone number
A. 97756431. B. 86727151. C. 86727115.
5. What is the man looking for
A. A computer. B. A cup of tea. C. A book.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5 分，满分22. 5分）
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What will the woman do for Albert's birthday
A. Decorate his room. B. Organize a party. C. Prepare a big dinner.
7. What does the woman ask the man to bring
A. Juice. B. A cake. C. Fruit.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An interview. B. An English class. C. A piece of homework.
9. What did Mr. Gray talk a lot about
A. The methods of learning English. B. The culture of some countries. C. The rules in the classroom.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What has the man decided to do for his holiday
A. Go climbing. B. Go hiking. C. Go camping.
11. How long will the man be away
A. Seven days. B. Six days. C. Five days.
12. What is the woman's opinion about hiking and climbing
A. Fun. B. Tiring. C. Relaxing.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At home. B. At school. C. At a restaurant.
14 Who does the girl usually talk to when she is upset
A. Her friends. B. Her parents. C. Her teachers.
15. Where would the girl talk with her friend
A. In a shopping centre. B. In a classroom. C. In a cafe.
16. What does the man suggest the girl do
A Study hard.
B. Shop with her friends.
C. Get in touch with her friends often.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. Why is the speaker usually hungry by lunchtime
A. She doesn't eat biscuits at work. B. She only has a drink for breakfast. C. She works very hard.
18. When does the speaker end her lunch break
A. At about 1: 15. B. At about 2: 00. C. At about 2: 15.
19. What does the speaker drink for lunch
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Water.
20. What does the speaker think of her life
A. Stressful. B. Enjoyable. C. Unhealthy.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Save your annual leave and explore beautiful towns and places with day trips less than two hours from London, offering a change of scenery, delicious food and a good walk. You can head into work the next day feeling refreshed.
Margate
The old will remember Margate as a somewhat mocked holiday location, a vintage (复古的) style amusement park with rides. However, the young are now moving here in droves as they take advantage of the excellent transport links and the working opportunities. Another draw is the Turner Contemporary art gallery opened in 2011 to celebrate artist JMW Turner, and his connection to Margate. The gallery is free to enter and has spectacular views.
The New Forest
At over 200 square miles, the New Forest is a protected national park dotted with small towns. There are many trails to walk or cycle, which are worth planning in advance. Thenewforest.co.uk is a useful resource as it has walking and cycle routes split into family, dog-friendly and those that take in pubs or villages.
Brighton
There is something for everyone in Brighton: traditional fish and chips, vegan and restaurants, the Royal Pavil ion and shops — both vintage and contemporary — selling clothing, jewellery, chocolate and records. Any of the small coffee shops would be a great first stop before heading to the very pink Books for Amnesty shop.
The Cotswolds
With the instantly recognisable pale-yellow stone cottages and seemingly unending supply of pubs, the towns and villages that comprise the Cotswolds are well worth a visit. Spend the morning walking around Chipping Norton, a market town with shops and theatres. Be sure to pop-in to Jaffé and Neale, the bookshop and cafe that has been open since 2006.
1. What attracts the younger generation in Margate
A. Its amusement park. B. The protected national park.
C. The Turner Contemporary art gallery. D. Its convenient transportation and working chances.
2. Where should you go if you want to walk with your dog
A. Brighton. B. The New Forest. C. Margate. D. The Cotswolds.
3. What do Brighton and The Cotswolds have in common
A Life style. B. Traditional food. C. Coffee houses. D. Ancient cottages.
B
In a small tea shop located in Bisalpur, Uttar Pradesh, one can spot unique furniture like stools (凳子) and tables made of bricks and recycled plastic. Other than customers, tourists who come to visit the nearby Jawai Dam often stop by here to hand plastic waste over to the shopkeeper. Run by Kana Ram Mewada, the shop not only sells tea and snacks, but also leads a campaign to reduce the use of single-use plastic in the village.
According to a report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 2019—2020, 3. 5million metric tons (公吨) of plastic waste is annually generated in India, and will remain in landfills (垃圾填埋场) for the upcoming hundreds of years.
Kana was deeply disturbed after reading that report on the Internet and began thinking about ways to raise the villagers’ awareness and make his village free of plastic.
He started a campaign by collecting plastic waste from his own shop and roadside. Whenever customers came, he explained the campaign. In order to attract more people, he started giving something in return for the waste they brought. Sometimes, he purchased a few things made of recycled waste to show the villagers and told them they were created from their plastic waste contribution. He also made decorative items out of the waste and placed them around the shop.
As a result, people from the village became curious about his campaign. Even tourists began participating in the exchange. And today, the forest, rivers and public spaces that were once filled with plastic waste are cleaner than before.
He hopes that he can also help the neighboring villages recycle plastic waste and make the whole area plastic-free. “When an ordinary person like me decided to start a cause, it was inspiring that a whole village stood by me and supported me. We can all become torchbearers (启蒙者) for a better tomorrow. What we have to do is take a step forward,” he said.
4. What led Kana to start the campaign
A. An online report. B. Tourists’ behavior.
C. Customers’ advice. D. His visit to landfills.
5. Why did Kana place plastic decorations around his shop
A. To get more people to join his campaign. B. To teach shoppers how to make them.
C. To make his shop much more beautiful. D. To advertise the goods in his shop.
6. Which of the following can best describe Kana
A. Considerate and proud. B. Ambitious and generous.
C. Responsible and creative. D. Determined and humorous.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A shopkeeper’s path to success. B. A historic tourist spot in Bisalpur.
C. A unique way of turning waste into art. D. A shopkeeper’s campaign for plastic recycling.
C
Despite the fact that burgers, chips and fries are known as some of the most unhealthy food we can eat, they are still the most popular food.
There are a few reasons behind that. First, junk food is generally easy to get and take with you. This convenience is a major draw for many, especially people who are always on the go. Restaurants like McDonald’s and KFC can be found outside many schools and workplaces, providing meals in under a minute.
Secondly, junk food contains a lot of added sugar and fat. This kind of food causes our brain to send out certain chemicals, which produce the feeling of relaxation, pleasure and enjoyment. That’s why such food is called “comfort food”.
Thirdly, our ancestors didn’t have such easy access to the huge variety of food we come across every day. They didn’t have the convenience of having food as easily as we do. So they made it a habit to eat as much as they could to survive and protect themselves from the hard natural conditions. The cave mentality (心理) is passed down to us, which makes us believe that we can never have enough food that is high in sugar and fat, no matter how crazily we eat.
Besides, when we are too worried and tired to relax, our body produces cortisol (皮质醇), which increases the sugar content in the blood, so it can be used as energy to aid in fat and carbohydrate metabolism (碳水化合物代谢). Additionally, it is also found to increase hunger. That’s the reason why when we’re thinking about unpleasant things, we prefer foods that are high in sugar, fat and carbohydrate, that is to say unhealthy food.
8. Why are McDonald’s and KFC mentioned
A. To show they take up the best site. B. To show they provide good service.
C. To show they are famous for their taste. D. To show they make junk food easy to get.
9. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 4
A. We need all kinds of food. B. Our ancestors lived a hard life.
C. We are born to eat more than we need. D. It is difficult for us to change our habits.
10. What is a cause of the increase of sugar content in our body
A. Too much stress. B. A wish for food.
C. A fast metabolic rate. D. Not having enough energy.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. How harmful junk food is. B. Why fast food is so delicious.
C. How we can develop a healthy lifestyle. D. Why we love unhealthy food so much.
D
One of the things that make humans mammals (哺乳动物) is that we’re warm-blooded — our bodies have high metabolism (新陈代谢) that maintains our internal temperature independent of the surroundings, unlike cold-blooded animals that have to lie in the sun for heat. Among modern animals, only mammals and birds are warm-blooded and our ability to keep ourselves warm has enabled us to survive in icy weather and make long migrations. But it’s been a mystery exactly when mammals evolved their high metabolism. In a new study, scientists point to an unlikely source for determining when ancient mammal ancestors became warm-blooded.
The ears of all living creatures that have backbones contain tiny canals (管道) filled with fluid that helps us balance. The runniness (流动性) of that fluid changes based on temperature, and our inner ears have evolved different sizes so that the fluid can flow correctly. Cold-blooded animals’ ear fluid is cooler and thicker, so it needs wider spaces to travel through, while warm-blooded animals have runnier ear fluid, so our canals are different.
“Canals were generally used to predict the movement of fossil organisms. However, by carefully looking at their biomechanics (生物力学) , we figured that we could also use them to infer body temperature,” says Romain David, one of the study’s lead authors. “This is because, like honey, the fluid inside canals gets runnier when temperature increases, impacting function. Therefore, during the transition to endothermy (温血性) , physical adaptation was required to keep best performances, and we could track ear canals in mammal ancestors. ”
To track these evolutionary changes, the researchers compared the sizes of the inner ear canals of over 300 animals, including 243 living species and 64 extinct ones. They found that mammal ancestors didn’t develop the kinds of inner ear structures ideal for warm-blooded animals until 233 million years ago.
The origin of mammalian endothermy is one of the great mysteries to be solved. Many different approaches have been used to try to predict when it first evolved, but they have often given unclear or conflicting results. This method shows real promise because it has been confirmed using a very large number of modern species.
12 Which of the following might be the key to mammals’ long migrations
A. The large body size. B. The rich food resources.
C. The warm-bloodedness. D. The adaptability to surroundings.
13. What can we learn about warm-blooded animals compared to cold-blooded ones
A. They have much bigger backbones.
B. Their inner ear canals are relatively narrow.
C. They are much more sensitive to outside sounds.
D. Their ear fluid seldom changes with temperature.
14. What do Romain David’s words in paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A. Theories on the evolution of mammal ancestors.
B. The reason for studying the inner ears of mammals.
C. The importance of physical adaptation to mammals.
D. Possible ways to predict the movement of fossil organisms.
15. What’s the author’s attitude to the new method of tracking evolutionary changes
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Less Emotional
Being overly emotional may mean reacting to feelings like anger, sadness and fear quickly instead of letting all of your intelligence weigh in. Chances are, if you feel overly emotional you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn't always constructive. ___16___
Identify emotions. It's important to know what you feel so you can adequately address each emotion appropriately. ___17___ If you feel anger, for instance, you may start to notice your breathing quickening, your muscles tensing, or your skin feeling flushed. If you're happy, you may notice smiling or feelings of lightness in your body.
___18___ They can help calm you down when you're experiencing overwhelming emotions. If you're feeling overwhelmed by emotional intensity, pause to focus on your breathing. Breathing techniques can help you manage your emotions more effectively and help you handle intense emotions better. You may notice that as you experience intense emotions, they bring you further from experiencing yourself and your body.
Monitor your expectations. Sometimes, the way you feel may be influenced by how you expect to feel. ___19___ If you notice yourself placing expectations on how you “should” feel, hold off on making that judgment until you've completed the situation. Or, you may consider which situations you want to enter into beforehand.
Adjust your routines to reduce stress. Think about what events trigger your strong emotions, and try to either avoid them or control your response. For instance, if you tend to get anxious because you often run late for work, adjust your morning routine so you are not rushing. ___20___
A. Cope with your emotions.
B. Practice breathing techniques.
C. However, it's important to learn to regulate your emotions.
D. If you feel anxious, you may notice you burn a lot of emotional energy worrying.
E. Start to reflect on how your body feels when you notice an emotion coming through.
F. If there is a group of people that bring out lots of unpleasant emotions, decrease your time with them.
G. For instance, if you expect that watching a movie may make you sad, you may end up feeling sad.
第三部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In elementary school, my father told me, “It doesn’t matter what you'll do when you grow up; the key is that it will make you pleased. ___21___ is the whole point of life. It needs ___22___ and effort. Your mother loves to help people ___23___ , so she became a nurse. I love reading and poetry, so I became a poet. We both find happiness in daily hard work.”
A few years later when I was in junior high, my head teacher ___24___ with me after school because I wasn’t ___25___ . She mentioned some successful people in history during the conversation. Then she asked what my ___26___ was. I told her that I just wanted to be happy. She ___27___ for a moment and then she agreed with me.
When I was a young girl, the letter that my grandma wrote to me had a line about “ ___28___ happiness in hard work”, which is my motto that still resonates (产生共鸣) with me today. I find some people attach to the ___29___ that life should be easier than it is. ___30___ , I think, regardless of what you ___31___ , you mustn’t neglect hard work, because happiness is hidden in ___32___ .
Since graduation from college, I have been ___33___ to passing all my knowledge to my students. I find happiness when my hard work is ___34___ by their respect and love for me. Because of my contribution to ___35___ , I won the Excellent Teacher Award this year and I'll do more in the future.
21.
A. Fitness B. Happiness C. Forgiveness D. Calmness
22.
A. confidence B. satisfaction C. experience D. enthusiasm
23.
A in need B. in panic C. in poor D. in general
24.
A. joked B. dealt C. talked D. quarreled
25.
A. active B. attractive C. cautious D. ambitious
26.
A. secret B. dream C. concern D. feature
27.
A. thought B. cried C. laughed D. waited
28.
A. spreading B. defining C. imagining D. seeking
29.
A. suggestion B. exception C. expectation D. conclusion
30.
A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore
31.
A. give up B. pick out C. engage in D. come across
32.
A. effort B. darkness C. courage D. trouble
33.
A. devoted B. limited C. tried D. expected
34.
A. determined B. inspired C. replaced D. repaid
35.
A. history B. education C. medicine D. literature
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
语法填空
The world has just endured its hottest year on record, with global average temperatures ___36___ (break) historical records. There is no denying that climate change is one of the most urgent ___37___ (challenge) facing humankind. No one can be safe ___38___ the threat of climate change.
China, the world's largest developing country and a responsible major country, ___39___ (overcome) many challenges by taking a series of measures so far. It has planned to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The country is set to achieve the highest ___40___ (reduce) in carbon intensity globally. ___41___ (addition), promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy ___42___ (be) now a globally accepted method of addressing climate change.
Because of global warming, extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity. Building ___43___ solid front line of disaster prevention is crucial for dealing with the effects of extreme weather events. People are expected work together to ___44___ (deep) international cooperation and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world and safeguarding the Earth, the only place ____45____ we can call home.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 现代社会，短视频日渐成为了生活的一部分，很多学生也沉迷其中。假如你是李华，上周你班就此现象展开了一次激烈的讨论，给你的好友Eric写信，阐述你的观点。
内容包括：1. 对此现象的看法；2. 理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：短视频 short video
Dear Eric,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With no air conditioners and no trees providing shade, the classrooms that faced south at my children’s middle school got too hot during the warmer months of the school year. I knew from my days volunteering in the school that students and staff got overheated and that it was difficult for them to concentrate.
As a long-time master gardener, I knew trees could shade those classroom windows and reduce the temperatures inside to relatively comfortable levels. If benches and trees were added, the front yard would be transformed into a beautiful outdoor classroom, one that would encourage teachers to bring their students outside to learn. And I imagined how wonderful it would be for our district’s kids, many of whom live in apartment buildings without yards or green space, to experience the happiness of sitting on a bench under a leafy green tree during their school day.
Then, I met with the school’s Parent-Teacher Association and told my idea of changing the school’s front yard. And I expressed my willingness to organize the project. The group liked the idea but thought it was too difficult. However, several days later, the principal told me, “I had further discussions with my staff. We all think you are very kind. We want to work with you to transform our school’s front yard.”
Later, I found a professional landscape designer who promised to design our front yard free of charge. After that, I found a local company that promised to deliver topsoil (表土) at a deeply discounted price when we were ready to transform our front yard. Then I contacted a charity which promised to provide us with various shade trees for free that would grow well in our area. And it would send a professional crew to help us plant the trees.
Then, we named our future front yard “The Habitat for Living & Learning”. At this point, we spoke with everyone we knew about the Habitat for Living & Learning. The hard work of spreading topsoil, digging and planting was scheduled to begin within weeks.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Para. 1: So we posted the tasks in the school’s front hall where everyone could see them.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2: Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began working to spread the topsoil.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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