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备战 2024 年高考英语阶段测试卷
（新高考专用）四
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分）
注意事项：
1.本试卷共 27 页，全卷满分 150 分，回答时间为 120 分钟；
2. 答卷前，务必将答题卡上密封线内的各项目填写清楚；
3. 本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂， 非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；
4. 考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共 95 分）
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟 的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 ．How does the woman usually go to work
A ．By car. B ．On foot. C ．By bike.
2 ．When did Jack leave home
A ．At 8 ：30. B ．At 9 ：00. C ．At 9 ：30.
3 ．What are the speakers talking about
A ．The exam results. B ．The time for the maths exam.
C ．The change to their class schedule.
4 ．How much did a pound of apples cost five years ago
A ．$1.0. B ．$1.5. C ．$3.0.
5 ．What do we know about the company
A ．It will move to another place.
B ．It will develop some new products.
C ．It has been having serious financial problems lately. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、 B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前， 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5 秒钟的作 答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 、7 题。
6 ．What kind of apartment does the man want to buy
A ．It has a bedroom and a sitting room.
B ．It has three bedrooms and a big garden. C ．It has two bedrooms and a big kitchen.
7 ．What is man's present address
A ．1664 Pine Street. B ．1464 Pine Street. C ．1446 Pine Street.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 、9 题。
8 ．Where does the woman work
A ．At a teachers' college. B ．At a tourist company. C ．At a bank.
9 ．Why did the woman come to the airport
A ．To pick someone up.
B ．To see her sister off.
C ．To volunteer to help others.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10 ．On which day doesn't the man have to work
A ．On Wednesdays. B ．On Saturdays. C ．On Sundays.
11 ．How did the man learn the profession
A ．He learnt it from his parents.
B ．He learnt it for two years at college.
C ．He learnt it from some books on his own.
12 ．What job does the man do
A ．A guard. B ．A cook. C ．A waiter.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13 ．Why does the man call the doctor
A ．Because Linda has a fever.
B ．Because Linda has a bad toothache.
C ．Because Linda can't sleep well.
14 ．How long has Linda been ill
A ．Since this morning. B．For two days. C ．Since yesterday evening.
15 ．What do we know from the conversation
A ．Linda is the man's niece.
B ．The woman will go to examine Linda at once. C ．The man has taken Linda's temperature.
16 ．What should Linda do according to the doctor
A ．Drink enough water. B ．Take some medicine. C ．Have a special
diet.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17 ．What does the company mentioned in the passage sell
A ．Clothes. B ．Toys. C ．Electronic products.
18 ．How old should one who wants to get the job be
A ．Between the age of thirty and thirty-five.
B ．Between the age of thirty and forty.
C ．Between the age of forty and forty-five.
19 ．What language should the applicant be able to speak besides English
A ．The Arabic language.
B ．At least one Latin language.
C ．At least one language of the Far East.
20 ．Where will one live if he or she gets the job
A ．Singapore. B ．Japan. C ．Brazil.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C、和 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bruges, Belgium
If you've seen the movie In Bruges, you probably know a little bit about this city. And even though Colin Farrell's character keeps saying it's boring, you can't deny the beauty of this medieval city. The Gothic architecture is just mesmerizing, all those pretty buildings wrapped in vines that become all shades of crimson in the fall—it's a feast for your eyes. And the canals, you have to take a boat ride through the canals when you're there —it's incredible. Plus, they have the most charming open air markets that work all the way until the end of November, and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate you'll ever have in your life.
Piedmont, Italy
If you like wine and good food, autumn is your peak season for visiting Italy. Fall is vineyard harvest time so definitely go to Piedmont. They also have lots of different food festivals in the autumn here, so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles, chestnuts or chocolate, Italy is waiting for you this fall.
Loire Valley, France
For those of you who want to witness the colorful displays of autumn with a glass of wine in your hand, Loire Valley is your best destination. This region of France is famous for its vineyards and late October is the peak season if you want to see all the vineyards in a blaze of red, orange and golden hues. It's truly a sight to behold.
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam is beautiful at any time of the year, but there's just something incredibly romantic and picturesque about going on a bike ride in Amsterdam in the autumn. All the beautiful trees covered in red and orange leaves, the maze of canals reflecting the golden rays of the sun, beautiful and charming architecture of the houses that stand alongside the canals look a bit magical in the fall.
21 ．In how many places can you enjoy wine according to the passage
A ．One. B ．Two. C ．Three. D ．Four.
22 ．What can visitors taste in both Bruges and Piedmont
A ．Truffles. B ．Mushrooms. C ．Chocolate. D ．Chestnuts.
23 ．Which activity can be included to your autumn trip
A ．Visit many historic sites in Piedmont.
B ．Watch the movie In Bruges in Belgium.
C ．Take a boat ride through the canals in Amsterdam.
D ．Get the best view of the vineyards in Loire Valley in late October.
B
In general, the riches of the natural world aren't spread evenly across the globe. Places like the Tropical Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can't be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity, with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.
The researchers say these biodiversity “cold spots ” are generally found in environments featuring freezing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out.
The more well-known “hot spots ”， by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes ， ” says Elizabeth, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee.
The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species-rich
areas tended to produce new species more slowly.
“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there's less competition and more available opportunities for new species ， ” says Gustavo Bravo, a lead researcher.
The study's findings add new urgency to protect ecosystems that may look barren,_but may actually be nature's hothouses for the evolution of new species.
24 ．Why is South America mentioned in the first paragraph
A ．To make a comparison. B ．To introduce the topic. C ．To explain a fact. D ．To draw a conclusion.
25 ．What determines the rising rate of new species in a place
A ．The number of its then species. B ．The environment they lived in. C ．The survival skills of species. D ．The different biological factors.
26 ．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “barren ” in the last paragraph
A ．Dry and bare. B ．Lively and active.
C ．Nice and green. D ．Complex and unpredictable.
27 ．What might be the best title for the text
A ．Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species B ．New species prefer to live in the extreme climate
C ．Harsh environments pose a greater threat to species
D ．The worse ecosystem may give birth to new species faster
C
That youngsters were glued to online games on their smart phones was a great concern for Ngurang Meena, a school teacher in Nirjuli. The 30-year-old social science teacher, who ran the Ngurang Learning Institute, an adult literacy centre, said that she felt disheartened when she read student papers. “The graph of student performance is falling every year. It breaks my heart whenever I see answer sheets—basic grammar skills are missing and there's an absence of any cohesive (连贯的) expression. They lack guidance and their reading culture is almost zero ， ” Meena said. When her school and the centre she ran had to close due to infectious diseases, she planned to do something to address the
problem.
Inspired by a similar proposal in Mizoram, Meena set up a bookshelf with around 80 books as well as some benches on the side of the road in Nirjuli on August 30th, 2020, where passers-by could spend time reading. The selections included motivational books, biographies and novels as well as comics for young children. “I have to please the minors with sweets to sit and read, but that is okay ， ” she laughed.
Meena's bookshelf became a hit among youngsters who spent hours in the reading corner. Within two months, her effort became the talk of the town.
Now, generous contributions of books come in from the public and she is even receiving requests to set up such libraries in other parts of the state, including one in the capital, Itanagar. Since the tiny libraries are far from the main town, she also lends books out to those who want to read at home.
“I never thought that this would become such a big inspiration ， ” Meena said. “Since childhood, we have been told that books are our best friends. The next generation of kids is focused on games and other things. I don't want them to head on the wrong track ， ” she added.
28 ．What's the aim of Meena's reading program
A ．To care for youngsters lacking in reading.
B ．To help adults learn some cohesive expression.
C ．To keep Ngurang Learning Institute running well.
D ．To highlight the importance of reading for adults.
29 ．What did Meena do to encourage young kids to read more
A ．She offered some rewards to them.
B ．She provided them with transportation.
C ．She chose novels with beautiful covers.
D ．She selected books covering every category.
30 ．Which words can best describe Meena's libraries
A ．Small and useless. B ．Influential and meaningful.
C ．Large but impractical. D ．Widespread but unwelcome.
31 ．What is the best title for the text
A ．Books: Sources of Knowledge
B ．The Roadside Reading Corner
C ．The Library: an Ideal place for the Young D ．New Ideas about Setting a Reading Plan
D
Constantly forcing knowledge and experiences into your brain may seem like the quickest path to self-improvement. But sometimes the best thing you can do for your brain is absolutely nothing at all.
Paying less attention to surroundings—whether by showering, pulling weeds, or petting a dog—provides an opportunity for what psychologists call wakeful rest. It's a time when you can put immediate tasks aside like how to meet the work deadline and instead focus on current feelings, reflect on the past, and think about the future.
In the blankness, MRI (核磁共振成像) brain imaging shows a harmony of gray matter called the default mode network (默认模式网络) takes control. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) still don't completely understand how this system works, but they think it connects harmonious parts of our brains, which can help us find meaning in our messy lives. “This blankness might also reduce anxiety, boost creativity, and improve memory ， ” says Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California's Brain and Creativity Institute.
The trouble is, the battle of life leaves little room to let your mind wander. Many spend their free time consuming entertainment. It may feel relaxing but requires brainpower to enjoy. Fortunately, there are ways to encourage your resting-state network to take over：
FIND YOUR JOY
Casual hobbies that are totally different from your day job can help prevent out-of-office anxiety.
GET AWAY
New surroundings give your brain a break from environmental cues, like the sight of your desk and laptop that tell it to work.
SWITCH OFF
Information can be too attractive to ignore. Turning off any and all devices helps maintain relaxation mode.
32 ．What is “wakeful rest ” according to the psychologists in the text
A ．It is a time to pay less attention to surroundings.
B ．It is a system to take control. C ．It is a state to concentrate.
D ．It is an opportunity to work.
33 ．In what aspect can this blankness benefit us
A ．Promoting creativity. B ．Managing moods.
C ．Removing anxiety. D ．Controlling brains.
34 ．Which activity does the author suggest to a stressful software engineer
A ．Working on his desk in a new office.
B ．Playing his favorite computer games.
C ．Doing some gardening in the backyard.
D ．Developing a software with colleagues.
35 ．Where can we probably read the text
A ．A book review.
B ．A science journal. C ．A guide book.
D ．A film poster.
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。
Are people less or more happy when they get older A study in 2018 found that people generally became happier and experienced less worry after the age of 50. In fact, it found that by the age of 85, people were happier with their life than they were at 18.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. 36 .
Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70's. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70's and 80's. The survey also found that men and women had similar emotional
patterns as they grew older. 37
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
38 One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
39 In another study, people in their 80's reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep. The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems. 40 But except for that, people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.
A ．So why will happiness increase with age
B ．Researchers surveyed more than 150,000 American adults. C ．At that time, the people were between the age of 18 and 25. D ．Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50's.
E ．Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.
F ．The survey did find an increase during middle age, especially in women.
G ．However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than
men.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping 41 for the night—my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.
As we 42 ， we discussed the deer we had 43 on our way. “I hope we could see a bear or two this 44 ！ ” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 45 on the first floor. My wife and I were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a(n) 46 look on her face. She said a 47 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be the best if I slept downstairs and my daughter shared
the room with my wife.
On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 48 .
I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap on the window outside. Something was indeed out there. 49 ， it wasn't a bear—I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time later, I was 50 by a strange sound. I saw a large 51 in the doorway and froze as it 52 closer to me. I realized what it was—only after my father-in-law bent down to give me a kiss. “It's David. ” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 53 at the awkward moment, and I explained his granddaughter's bedroom 54 . I told him that the only thing 55 than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me goodnight.
41 ．A.schedules B ．arrangements C ．plots D ．routines
42 ．A.settled in B ．broke in C ．looked down D ．calmed down
43 ．A.shot B ．hunted C ．trained D ．spotted
44 ．A.evening B ．week C ．month D ．year
45 ．A.study B ．kitchen C ．bedroom D ．bathroom
46 ．A.worried B ．embarrassed C ．delighted D ．satisfied
47 ．A.dog B ．deer C ．cat D ．bear
48 ．A.house B ．television C ．door D ．fire
49 ．A.Besides B ．Therefore C ．Otherwise D ．However
50 ．A.awakened B ．interrupted C ．impressed D ．struck
51 ．A.figure B ．person C ．animal D ．ghost
52 ．A.climbed B．jumped C ．inched D ．rolled
53 ．A.eagerly B ．sincerely C ．secretly D ．nervously
54 ．A.preference B ．switch C ．difference D ．choice
55 ．A.prettier B ．funnier C ．scarier D ．stranger
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共 55 分）
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Born in China in 1911, Qian Xuesen majored in
railway engineering at Jiaotong University in Shanghai but switched to
aeronautics ( 航空学) in 1935 56. he came to the United States to pursue
graduate studies. He 57. (earn) a master's degree in 1936 from MIT and then
a PhD in 1939.
Shortly thereafter, he worked in America and played a contributing role in the
American space program. In 1950, 58. (he) request for returning to China
was denied. Eventually, he left with his family for China in 1955 as a result of
diplomatic negotiations in Geneva. Upon his return to China, Qian 59.
(appoint) as director of the Institute of Mechanics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he helped China conduct the
first test of an atomic (原子的) bomb 60. (deliver) by a medium and short
range missile in 1966. He furthermore contributed 61. China launching its
first satellite in 1970.
In his later years, Qian was also credited in China for 62. (provide)
critical support for the human space flight program when it faced cutbacks. He was
63. (especial) influential in his promotion of systems engineering in
aerospace (航空航天) projects and other 64. (area) until his death in 2009.
Qian is regarded as 65. pioneering and foundational figure in the history of
China's space program.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
为迎接国外姐妹学校来访师生， 学校准备选拔“文化交流小使者 ”(Young Ambassador for Cultural Exchange)，你 打算参加。请写一篇英语竞选演讲稿，内容包括：
1 ． 自我介绍；
2 ．竞选理由。
注意：1.词数应为 80 左右；
2 ．请按如下格式作答。
Good morning, dear judges. I'm Candidate
No.1.
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第二节 (满分 25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整 的短文。
Henry got on his bike and began to deliver copies of the March 8,1970 issue of The Gazette. Half an hour later, he threw the last newspaper onto the porch (门廊) at 35 Oak Street and cycled to The Gazette offices. There must be something important for the editor in chief to meet with an 11-year-old paperboy.
“No good way to deliver bad news ， ” Mr. Trotta greeted him when Henry
stepped in. Henry's smile faded.
“We're closing shop, Henry. Advertising is down. Television is how people get their news today. Local papers are the first to close ， ” Mr. Trotta shrugged.
Henry couldn't believe his ears, frozen to the spot. He thought of all those people he had met on his route. They wouldn't get their neighborhood news anymore!
“You were great, Henry—always dependable ， ” Mr. Trotta said. Henry
forced his head up to say goodbye.
As he rode past the houses he knew so well he saw Mr. Grady on his porch, holding a broom (扫帚). Henry led him to a chair and cleaned the porch. They sat for a while as Mr. Grady recalled how happy he'd been moving his family to 10 Oak. He sounded lonely.
A week after his last deliveries, Henry wondered if his customers missed The Gazette as much as he did. He thought of a way to find out. He started out on his old route with a notebook.
Henry stopped at Mrs. Burke's. She opened the door, holding the two babies. She asked him if he knew any neighbors with the experience of looking after children.
Mr. Simon was next door, carrying his violin out. “Hey, Henry. My band will be having a concert in the park this Friday. Tell your friends. ”
As Henry made more notes, an idea started forming in his head. Maybe he could create a newsy page (小报) for the neighbors.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2 ．请按如下格式作答。
Neighbors cheered Henry's idea, ready to offer information.
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Henry's first Oak Street News then produced desired effects.
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详解答案
第一部分 答案：
1－5 CABAC 6－10 CCABA
11－15 BBACC 16－20 ABBCA 听力材料：
Text 1
M: Do you cycle to work every day
W: Nearly every day. Sometimes, if it's raining, I'll catch a bus.
Text 2
W: Where 's Jack It's already 9 ：00.
M: His mother said he left home at 8 ：30.I think he will be here at 9 ：30.
Text 3
M: Boys and girls, here are some changes to your exam timetable. Your math exam will be changed to the next day.
W: You mean the 18th.
M: Yes. And the exam will start and end one hour earlier.
Text 4
W: The prices at the greengrocer's shop have increased much. Now apples cost $3 a pound.
M: I know. Five years ago they were only a third of that price.
Text 5
M: You wanted to see me, Mrs. Applegate
W: Uh, yes. I'll get right into the points, Mr. Bradley. This company has been having serious financial problems lately, and unfortunately, we have to let some people go.
Text 6
W: Good morning, may I help you
M: Yes, I want to buy an apartment. I'd like two bedrooms and a big kitchen.
W: All right. Have a seat, please. Let me ask you a few questions. First of all, may I have your name, please
M: My name's Donald Eakins.
W: How do you spell your last name, Mr. Eakins M: It's E-A-K-I-N-S.
W: E-A-K-I-N-S. First name: Donald. And what's your present address, Mr. Eakins.
M: It's 1446 Pine Street.
W: 1446 Pine. That's in San Francisco, isn't it
M: Yes, it is.
W: OK. My name is Michelle. This is my calling card.
Text 7
M: Thanks for your help.
W: That's all right. I'm always ready to help anyone in need. M: So, how long have you been living in China
W: For almost ten years. My husband and I teach at a teachers' college downtown.
M: Wow! No wonder you can speak Chinese so well.
W: Thanks. I guess I just have to learn it, you know. Well, how was your trip by the way
M: It was tiring. I was sitting for a long time and my flight was even delayed for three hours in New York.
W: Sorry to hear that.
M: Are you picking up someone here
W: Oh, no. Actually, I just saw my sister off. She visited us for a month.
M: I see. It was really nice meeting you here and thanks again for the help. W: You are welcome. I hope you enjoy your stay here.
Text 8
W: Do you have to work at the weekend
M: Oh, yes, that's our busiest time. Many people come here for dinner at the weekend. I get Wednesdays off.
W: What do you do at work
M: I prepare the dinner and cook the food and I have to keep everything in the kitchen totally clean. But I don't have to do the washing-up.
W: What is hard about the job
M: It's very difficult to satisfy everybody's taste. Besides, we have to stand all the time.
W: How did you learn the profession
M: Well, I did a two-year course at college. In the first year we had to learn the
basics, and then we had to take exams and practice cooking in the restaurant. W: What's the secret of being good at your job
M: Attention to detail. You have to love it. You have to show passion for it.
Text 9
M: This is Mr. Moore. I'd like to talk to the doctor about my daughter.
W: Hold on the line, please. Hello, Mr. Moore. What seems to be the problem M: It's my daughter, Linda. I'm worried about her. She's running a fever.
W: How long has she been running this fever M: Let me see. It started yesterday evening.
W: I see. Have you taken her temperature with a thermometer M: Yes. The last time I took it, it was 37.8℃.
W: Well, 37.8℃ isn't too bad. How about her stomach Has she vomited M: No, not a sharp pain and she hasn't vomited, either.
W: Well, let me see—not much pain. She hasn't vomited, and her temperature's not high—it sounds like it isn't too serious.
M: Should I be giving her any medicine
W: I really don't think she needs any special medicine right now. Mr. Moore, keep her in bed and have her drink plenty of water.
M: Should I bring her into your office
W: No, I don't think I need to see her. But if she starts to feel worse and her fever gets higher, bring her in and I'll have a look at her.
M: Thank you. Bye.
Text 10
Webster Toys has made good and interesting toys for more than a hundred years. Now we sell them in countries from New Zealand to Norway, and from Japan to Brazil. We are looking for someone to sell our toys in the Far East. He or she should be between the age of thirty and forty. He or she should already have some years of experience of selling. He or she should speak at least one language of the Far East, as well as good English. Most importantly, he or she should understand money and make money more than ever before, for himself or herself, and for Webster Toys.
The person we are looking for will live in Singapore and work in our office there, but he or she will travel for up to six months in any one year.
If you think you are the person we are looking for, write to Mr J. Sloman at our head office.
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——旅游——值得一游的四个地方
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了值得一游的四个地方——比利时的布鲁日、 意大利的皮德蒙特、法国的卢瓦尔河谷、荷兰的阿姆斯特丹， 重点介绍了这四个 地区的景色特点。
21 ．答案与解析：B 考查理解具体信息的能力。由题干关键词 wine 定位 至第二段第一句“If you like wine...for visiting Italy ”和第三段第一句“For those of you... with a glass of wine in your hand，Loire Valley is your best destination ”，据此 可知，在这四个地方中人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特和法国卢瓦尔河谷品尝葡萄酒， 故 B 项正确。
22 ．答案与解析：C 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段尾句中的“and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate ”可知，在比利时的布鲁 日 可 以 品 尝 到热巧 克 力 ；根据 第 二段尾句 中 的 “so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles, chestnuts or chocolate，Italy is waiting for you this fall ”可知， 人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特品尝到蘑菇或松露，栗子或巧克力。据此可知， 在这 两个地方人们都能品尝到巧克力。故 C 项正确。
23 ．答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第二句可知， 十月下旬是观赏卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的最佳季节，故 D 项正确。其他三项文中未 提及。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——研究发现——生态环境恶劣的 地方产生新物种的速度更快
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述南美亚马孙盆地的环境有利于新物种的生存，但产生新物种 的速度较慢。然而， 一项研究发现，恶劣的环境更易产生新物种，但因环境不稳 定，无法维持物种的发展。这项研究发现呼吁人们保护那些看起来贫瘠， 但实际 上可能是新物种进化的自然温室的生态系统。
24 ．答案与解析：B 考查推断的能力。第一段讲到南美洲物种丰富，人们 认为是物种进化快的结果。但是新研究却认为物种少的地方产生新物种的速度更 快。由此可知， 提到南美洲是为了引出话题，提出新研究的观点。故 B 项正确。
25．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster ”并结合第四段中的“the best predictor...slowly ”可知，新物种出现的速度是由该地当时物种的多少决定的。 故 A 项正确。
26 ．答案与解析：A 考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词后的“但实际上可 能是新物种进化的自然温室 ”可知，画线词在逻辑上应与此相反。故 A 项正确。 barren“贫瘠的；不毛的 ”。
27 ．答案与解析：D 考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。文章第一段尾句提出 了新研究的观点：物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种。结合第五段 中的“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently ”可知，本文 主要讲述物种稀少、环境恶劣的地区产生新物种的速度往往更快。故 D 项正确。
C
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——开设读书角
【语篇解读】 一位名叫 Meena 的女教师发现孩子们缺乏阅读后，决定开 设一个路边的读书角，以激励他们多读书。
28．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“They lack guidance...address the problem ”可知，Meena 要解决孩子们缺乏指导和阅读文化 的问题，因此她的读书计划就是为了关爱那些缺乏阅读的孩子们。故选 A。
29 ．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“‘I have to please the minors with sweets to sit and read，but that is okay ， ’she laughed ”可 知，为了让孩子们坐下来阅读，Meena 得奖励他们一些糖果。故选 A。
30 ．答案与解析：B 考查推 断 的 能 力 。根据 第 四段 “Now, generous contributions...want to read at home ”可推断出，她的图书馆很有影响力而且意义重大。故选 B。
31 ．答案与解析：B 考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据第二段中的“Inspired by a similar proposal...spend time reading ”并结合文章内容可知， 本文主要讲了一位女教师开设路边读书角的故事。所以文章的最佳标题为“路边 阅读角 ”。故选 B。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——“清醒的休息 ”
【语篇解读】 人们一般认为不停地往大脑里输入信息是自我提升的最好 方式，但是研究发现可能什么也不往大脑里放才是最好的方式。
32．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Paying less attention to surroundings—whether by showering, pulling weeds, or petting a dog—provides an opportunity for what psychologists call wakeful rest ”可知，wakeful rest 就意味着你可以通过淋浴、除草、抚摸狗等方式让大脑放空一下，不过多关 注周围环境，故 A 项正确。
33 ．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“This blankness might also reduce anxiety, boost creativity, and improve memory ”可知， 大脑放空可以减少焦虑、激发创造力、提高记忆力，故 A 项正确。
34．答案与解析：C 考查推断的能力。根据第五段中的“Casual hobbies that are totally different from your day job can help prevent out-of-office anxiety ”可知， 与你日常工作完全不同的爱好可以让你远离焦虑，所以一个软件工程师压力过大 的话，可以尝试做做园艺，这可以让他/她不再感到那么有压力，故 C 项正确。
35 ．答案与解析：B 考查理解文章类型的能力。本文主要讲述了人们一般 认为不停地往大脑里输入信息是自我提升的最好方式，但是研究发现可能什么也 不往大脑里放才是最好的方式。作者还通过脑核磁提供了科学支撑， 并给出了一 些建议，因此该文章应该源自一篇科学报道，故 B 项正确。
第二节
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——幸福感会随年龄 增长而增加
【语篇解读】 本文主要讨论人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担心。
36 ．答案与解析：D 考查上下文衔接。设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空 前一句说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段， 所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。故选 D。
37 ．答案与解析：G 考查上下文衔接。该空前一句说的是随着年龄变大， 男人和女人有相似的情绪模式，所以此处应接着说基于男女对比的研究发现。故 选 G。
38 ．答案与解析：A 考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首。根据后面的解释(一 个理论认为，人变老时会变得对他们所拥有的事情更加感激，而且能更好地控制 情绪)可知，A 项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？ ”符合语境。故选 A。
39 ．答案与解析：E 考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可 知，人们到了 80 多岁的时候，睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个 好处。故选 E。
40 ．答案与解析：F 考查上下文衔接。前一句说，有个流行的观点认为， 随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题应该增加。而空后“But ”表转折，故可推知此空和 前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关，故选 F。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——旅途趣事——家庭旅途中的经 历
【语篇解读】 “我 ”和家人在今年夏天一同度假，由于小女儿害怕窗户外 面的“ 熊 ”，所以我们的住宿安排进行了些调整。岳父不知道进行了调整，一心 想要和心爱的外孙女亲吻道晚安，却使得小女儿以为熊到访而感觉害怕，由此引 发了一场小误会。
41 ．答案与解析：B 考查语境推断。根据下文提示“my young daughter...by herself”可知，此处表示关于房间的相关安排，因此选 B。
42 ．答案与解析：A 考查逻辑推断。根据上文可知，此处表示我们到达地 点后安顿下来之意。A 项为“安顿下来 ”；B 项为“破门而入 ”；C 项为“ 向下 看 ”；D 项为“镇静，安静 ”。因此选 A。
43 ．答案与解析：D 考查语境推断和词汇复现。根据下文中的提示 see 及 语境推断，此处应该选 D。
44．答案与解析：B 考查语境推断和词汇复现。根据第一段第一句中的“for a week ”可知，此处应该选 B。
45 ．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据上文叙述中的“At bedtime ”可知，此处应该是前往卧室(bedroom)，因此选 C。
46 ．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断和逻辑推断。根据语境可知，女儿说她 听到了有熊在刮窗户，发出刺耳的声音，所以她应该是担心的，因此选 A。
47．答案与解析：D 考查词汇复现。根据下文中第 29 空后的叙述“it wasn't a bear ”可知应选 D。
48 ．答案与解析：B 考查常识推断和语境推断。根据文中叙述和所给的选 项可推断，岳父可能是在一楼看电视时睡着了，因此选 B。
49 ．答案与解析：D 考查逻辑推断。根据上下文叙述可知，“我 ”确实发 现了窗外有东西，但“我 ”推断不是女儿所说的熊，因此从逻辑上推断选 D。
50 ．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据空后的“by a strange sound ”可 知，“我 ”被奇怪的声音吵醒了，因此选 A。
51 ．答案与解析：A 考查语境推断。根据上文叙述可知，“我 ”确实认定 窗外有东西。A 项为“ 影子，轮廓 ”；B 项为“ 人 ”；C 项为“ 动物 ”；D 项为 “鬼 ”。事情发生在晚上，“我 ”看到的应该是影子，因此应该选 A。
52．答案与解析：C 考查逻辑推断。根据上文叙述可推知那个影子在向“我 ” 缓慢移动，inch 在此表示“缓慢地移动 ”。
53 ．答案与解析：D 考查逻辑推断。根据上文叙述可知，这是一场误会， 空后的 awkward 也提示“ 我们 ”的笑应该是略显尴尬和紧张。A 项为“ 渴望 地 ”；B 项为“真诚地 ”；C 项为“秘密地 ”；D 项为“神经紧张地 ”。因此选 D。
54 ．答案与解析：B 考查语境推断。根据语境可知，是因为“我 ”和女儿 调换了房间，才引起了误会。B 项在此处表示改变、转变之意。
55 ．答案与解析：C 考查语境推断。根据上文叙述可知， 对于“我 ”而言， 比真正的熊到来更为可怕的是“熊爸爸 ”来和“我 ”亲吻道晚安。A 项为“更漂 亮的 ”，B 项为“更有趣的 ”，C 项为“更恐怖的 ”，D 项为“更奇怪的 ”，因此选
C。
第二节
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——伟大人物——钱学森
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了中国航天发展史上的先驱和奠基人钱学森的情 况，重点介绍了他从美国返回中国为国效力的事情。
56 ．答案与解析：when 考查定语从句。分析该句结构并根据空前的 in1935 可知，空处引导定语从句，故填 when。该句意为：钱学森 1911 年出 生于中国，在上海交通大学主修铁道工程，但当他在 1935 年来到美国攻读硕士 学位时，转向了航空专业。
57 ．答案与解析：earned 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in 1936 ”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
58 ．答案与解析：his 考查代词。空处和后面的名词 request 为所有关系， 故用形容词性物主代词 his。该句意为：1950 年，他返回中国的请求被拒绝。
59 ．答案与解析：was appointed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句 主语为 Qian，是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式；根据语境可知，该句 陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；主语 Qian 和动词appoint 之间为被 动关系，故用被动语态。该句意为：钱学森一回到中国，就被任命为位于北京的 中国科学院力学研究所所长。
60 ．答案与解析：delivered 考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知，空处作前 面的名词短语“an atomic (原子的) bomb ”的后置定语，由句中的“by a medium and short range missile ”可知，该名词短语和动词“deliver ”之间为逻辑上的动宾关 系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
61 ．答案与解析：to 考查 固定搭配 。contribute to 为 固定搭配 ， 意为 “对……做出贡献 ”。该句意为：他还为中国在 1970 年发射第一颗卫星做出了贡 献。
62 ．答案与解析：providing 考查动名词。介词后通常接名词、代词、动名 词作宾语，根据介词 for 可知，空处用动名词形式。
63 ．答案与解析：especially 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。空处修饰形容词 “influential ”，故用副词形式。该句意为：直到 2009 年去世，他在推动航空航 天项目和其他领域的系统工程方面十分有影响力。
64 ．答案与解析：areas 考查名词的单复数。area 为可数名词，根据 other 和常识可知，除航空航天外的其他领域有许多，故用复数形式。
65 ．答案与解析：a 考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一位先驱和奠基人 ”，故用 不定冠词；pioneering 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用 a。
第四部分 写作
第一节
参考范文：
Good morning, dear judges. I'm Candidate No.1. I am here to compete for the Young Ambassador for Cultural Exchange.
①My confidence comes from my fluent English, my rich experience and my great enthusiasm. I have been in several international camps, from which I have acquired not only knowledge and skills but also a keen awareness of the importance of cultural exchange ( 非 限制性定语从句 ；not only...but also... 结 构) .
②If accepted, I will be offered a perfect chance to broaden my horizons and to spread our splendid traditional culture. I sincerely hope I can have the privilege. Thank you!
[一句多译] ①My fluent English, rich experience and great enthusiasm give me great confidence.
②Being admitted can offer me a perfect chance to broaden my horizons and to
spread our splendid traditional culture. 第二节
参考范文：
Neighbors cheered Henry's idea, ready to offer information. Some shared their interesting family stories while others advertised giveaways. Mrs. Burke and Mr. Simon requested Henry to release their information ( 发布信息) in the first issue. Henry also added: “Stories told by friendly gentleman at 10 Oak. Stop by to chat. ”
He typed all the news and named the paper Oak Street News. After hearing about
Henry's story, Mr. Trotta was so moved by his commitment (奉献，投入) that he offered to photocopy (复印，复制，影印) the paper free of charge (so... that...引导 结果状语从句) .
Henry's first Oak Street News then produced desired effects. The neighbors were
thrilled to read their own news in their community. Furthermore (此外，而且), they responded actively to (积极回应) the updates. To Mrs. Burke's delight, several people applied to babysit her two kids. Mr. Simon's concert also attracted a larger audience. Henry's paper gradually became the centralized chain to spread about what was
happening all around and helped the community run more smoothly. Although Henry had lost his old Gazette job, he launched something, too, making news and connecting neighbors.

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