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宜川中学2023学年第二学期期中考试
高一英语 试卷
考生注意：
1.本考试设试卷和答题纸，答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题纸上清楚填涂班级、姓名和准考证号。
3.本试卷共9页，考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
第Ⅰ卷（共103分）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（30分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Employee and manager. B. Customer and shop assistant.
C. Suspect and policeman. D. Student and professor.
2. A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Amused. D. Bored.
3. A. He is economical in all aspects of his life.
B. He thinks the price of the flat is unreasonably high.
C. He can’t afford the monthly rent of 1,500 pounds.
D. He is not satisfied with the location of the flat.
4. A. Call their friend Harry. B. Buy some fishing tools.
C. Write a weather report. D. Fish on the lake.
5. A. He is very hungry. B. He enjoys horse meat.
C. He doesn’t like sandwiches. D. He hasn’t eaten anything today.
6. A. Go out to look for her dog. B. Read a book about gardening.
C. Find some work to do in the garden. D. Stop taking her mind off the dog.
7. A. The woman is determined not to cut class again.
B. The man is threatening to reveal the woman’s secret.
C. The man has already owed the woman 100 dollars.
D. The woman has no intention of talking with Mom and Dad.
8. A. He hates camping in the wild. B. He doesn’t trust the advertisement.
C. He doesn’t like sleeping in a tent. D. He thinks it might be too tiring.
9. A. He was too sick to attend school. B. He regretted cancelling school.
C. He was angry with the sick students. D. Half of his class didn’t show up at school.
10. A. The weather impacted the locals’ leisure activities.
B. The local s had less free time due to the weather.
C. Watching TV series was the only option for the locals.
D. The survey result might not be as accurate as expected.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. A. The impact of animal studies. B. The growing population.
C. The loss of natural habitats. D. The birds’changing behavior.
12. A. It can contribute to the better conservation of birds.
B. It is aimed at solving my stories about nature.
C. It is funded jointly by four nature organizations.
D. It has spotted at least 10 birds not seen for a long time.
13. A. The benefits of bird conservation. B. The search for lost birds.
C. The reasons for bird extinction. D. The organizations of bird protection.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. A. Those who suffer from the same problem.
B. Those whose faces are easy to recognize.
C. Those who like to watch cartoon movies.
D. Those who can’t identify clear features.
15. A. They can only identify people by their hairstyles.
B. They have trouble remembering names.
C. They can’t tell regular and new customers apart.
D. They are not aware of the surroundings.
16. A. Tools to diagnose the condition. B. Causes of the medical condition.
C. Medicine to treat the condition. D. Ways to deal with the condition.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. They will have to pay a certain fee.
B. They will have to park in a restricted area.
C. They will have to make deliveries themselves.
D. They will be charged with breaking the rule.
18. A. He thinks the city center should belong to the people.
B: He is not happy about the public transportation system.
C. Businesses in the city center will face tougher competition.
D. It will bring inconvenience to the shoppers and the shop owners.
19. A. They will both go by car.
B. They will both go by underground.
C. One will go by bus and the other on foot.
D. One will go by lift and the other by bus.
20. A. The traffic problems in the center of London.
B. A new plan to reduce traffic in London.
C. An initiative to build a metro line in London.
D. Means of transport available to the public.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Is Counting Calories Good for Weight Loss
Mark Haub, who teaches nutrition as Kansas State University, wanted to prove to his students that weight loss is simply about calories. Therefore, for ten weeks, the professor started to eat an 1,800-calorie diet _____1_____ (consist) of a Twinkie (奶油蛋糕) every three hours. He also dined on other junk food.
When he started, Haub tipped the scale at 201 pounds,_____2_____ for his weight was considered overweight. By the end of his snack-food test, he _____3_____ (lose) 27 pounds. The story went viral, with the media _____4_____ (call) Haub’s eating plan the Twinkie Diet.
Haub’s message has been standard advice for more than a century. According to many experts, it all comes down to straightforward math: _____5_____ you take in fewer than you burn, you lose weight. Countless millions who struggle with their weight dutifully track their calorie intake, but eventually many discover that all the counting is in vain.
One reason is that calorie counts are not always accurate. The Food and Drug Administration allows numbers on nutrition labels_____6_____ (be) off by as much as 20 percent, and usually the error is undercount. That means, for example, that ice cream claiming to have 180 calories per serving may actually have 215.
Listed calories may also be wrong _____7_____ the way our bodies digest certain foods. Take almonds (杏仁), for instance. Nutrition labels show them to have up to 170 calories per ounce. But this number does not take into account the fact that almonds pass through the intestines (肠) partly undigested. The actual count is 129—a sizable difference.
So, counting calories _____8_____ be effective for weight loss in the short term, but for most people, it eventually fails to help us lose weight and leads to food choices and eating habits that damage our health. _____9_____ (focus) only on calories can result in too little of ______10______ your body really needs.
【答案】1. consisting
2. which 3. had lost
4. calling 5. if##when
6. to be 7. because of
8. might 9. Focusing
10. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在堪萨斯州立大学教授营养学的马克·豪布想向他的学生证明，减肥仅仅是卡路里的问题。于是他自己通过实验证明了“奶油蛋糕饮食法”也可以减肥。
1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，在接下来的十个星期里，教授开始吃1800卡路里的食物，包括每三个小时吃一块奶油蛋糕。此处diet与consist构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：刚开始的时候，豪布的体重是201磅，对他的体重来说，这已经算是超重了。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词201 pounds，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
【3题详解】
考查时态。句意：在他的零食测试结束时，他减掉了27磅。根据上文By the end of his snack-food test可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had lost。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事迅速传播开来，媒体将豪布的饮食计划称为“奶油蛋糕饮食法”。此处call与media构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填calling。
【5题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：根据许多专家的说法，这一切都可以归结为简单的数学：当你摄入的比消耗的少/如果你摄入的比消耗的少，你就会减肥。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if；或理解为时间状语句，表示“当……时候”用when。故填if/when。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：美国食品和药物管理局允许营养标签上的数字最多有20%的偏差，而且通常误差都被低估了。此处为短语allow…to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to be。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：由于我们的身体消化某些食物的方式，所列出的卡路里也可能是错误的。后跟名词作宾语，表示“由于”应用because of。故填because of。
【8题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因此，计算卡路里在短期内对减肥可能有效，但对大多数人来说，它最终无法帮助我们减肥，并导致损害我们健康的食物选择和饮食习惯。后跟动词原形，表示“可以，可能”不太肯定的推测，应用情态动词might。故填might。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：只关注卡路里会导致你的身体真正需要的东西太少。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Focusing。
【10题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：只关注卡路里会导致你的身体真正需要的东西太少。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物应用what。故填what。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. redefine B. profits C. valueless D. contrary E. typically F. wide-scale G. transform H. relatively I. purpose J. professional K. unemployment
People worry that developments in artificial intelligence, or AI, will bring about a point in history in which AI will overtake human intelligence, thereby leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Others wonder whether we will have control over artificial intelligence or whether it will have control over us.
While this situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the ____11____, the AI products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and are promising to basically ____12____ our world, though not always for the better. For now, however, they are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will ____13____ what work means and how wealth is created.
Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the Al revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed that they will cause a(n) ____14____ elimination of jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, as well.
This transformation will result in enormous ____15____ for the companies that develop these AI programs, as well as for the companies that adopt them. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together: enormous wealth concentrated in ____16____ few hands and an enormous number of people out of work. What is to be done
Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks AI tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are ____17____ required for high-paying jobs, which maybe hard to retrain displaced workers to be able to do. More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that AI lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen-professions that require human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need
The solution to the problem of mass ____18____ will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that AI cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of ____19____. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at a charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.
Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and _____20_____, such as compassionate (有同情心的) medical vice providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.
【答案】11. D 12. G
13. A 14. F
15. B 16. H
17. E 18. K
19. I 20. J
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法。
【11题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：相反，目前存在的人工智能产品的发展速度比大多数人意识到的要快，并且有望从根本上改变我们的世界，尽管并不总是朝着更好的方向发展。根据“On the”可知，此处用固定短语on the contrary“相反地”，表示与前面所说的相反或对立的意思。故填D。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：相反，目前存在的人工智能产品的发展速度比大多数人意识到的要快，并且有望从根本上改变我们的世界，尽管并不总是朝着更好的方向发展。分析句子可知，空处应用动词原形，构成固定短语promise to do sth.，结合“our world”可推知，G项transform“改变”符合题意，表示有望从根本上改变我们的世界。故填G。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：但它们将重新定义工作的意义和财富的创造方式。分析句子可知，空处应用动词原形，和will构成句子的谓语，结合“what work means and how wealth is created”可推知，A项redefine“重新定义”符合题意，表示重新定义工作的意义和财富的创造方式。故填A。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：相反，人们相信，它们将导致大规模的工作岗位消失——主要是低薪岗位，但也会有一些高薪岗位。分析句子可知，空处作修饰elimination的定语，结合“elimination of jobs”可推知，F项wide-scale“大规模的”符合题意，表示导致大规模的工作岗位消失。故填F。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种转变将为开发这些人工智能程序的公司以及采用它们的公司带来巨大的利润。分析句子可知，空处作result in的宾语，结合下文的“enormous wealth”可推知，B项profits“利润”符合题意，表示带来巨大的利润。故填B。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，我们正面临着两种不容易并存的发展：巨大的财富集中在相对少数人手中，而大量的人失业。分析句子可知，空处修饰few，结合“enormous wealth concentrated in”可推知，H项relatively“相对地”符合题意，表示巨大的财富集中在相对少数人手中。故填H。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：但这些技能通常是高薪工作所必需的，而对失业工人进行再培训可能很难做到这一点。分析句子可知，空处修饰required，结合“required for high-paying jobs”可推知，E项typically“一般，通常”符合题意，表示这些技能通常是高薪工作所必需的。故填E。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：大规模失业问题的解决方案将涉及“爱心服务工作”。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，结合“The solution to”可推知，K项unemployment“失业”符合题意，表示大规模失业问题的解决方案。故填K。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些是人工智能无法完成的工作，是社会需要的，也是给人们一种使命感的工作。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，结合上文的“service jobs of love”可推知，I项purpose“重要意义”符合题意，a sense of purpose表示“使命感”。故填I。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其他志愿者工作可能薪水更高，也更专业，比如富有同情心的医疗服务提供者。分析句子可知，空处和higher-paying并列，作表语，结合“such as compassionate (有同情心的) medical vice providers”可推知，J项professional“专业的”符合题意，表示其他志愿者工作可能薪水更高，也更专业。故填J。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（53分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit s the context.
Section A（每题1分，共15分）
The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most ___21___ definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held ____22____ of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. ____23____, they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal ____24____ laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers—____25____ in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor.
It can be ____26____ to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. ____27____, many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials.
Another factor that ____28____ the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives ____29____ livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a _____30_____ advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. _____31_____, the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops.
Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered _____32_____. Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are _____33_____ to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries.
However, other experts think that _____34_____ labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite _____35_____ for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop.
21.
A. accurate B. general C. applicable D. specific
22.
A. opinion B. condition C. image D. representation
23.
A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
24.
A. tax B. criminal C. civil D. labor
25.
A. exclusively B. particularly C. broadly D. initially
26
A. meaningless B. significant C. awkward D. difficult
27
A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. As usual
28.
A. adds to B. results from C. puts off D. appeals to
29.
A. in spite of B. in addition to C. in terms of D. in return for
30.
A. comparative B. competitive C. complicated D. potential
31.
A. By contrast B. In turn C. All in all D. Last but not least
32.
A. necessary B. constructive C. illegal D. inhuman
33.
A. encouraged B. forbidden C. reminded D. obliged
34.
A. establishing B. enforcing C. maintaining D. dropping
35.
A. possible B. incredible C. avoidable D. necessary
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了血汗工厂的定义，它在第三世界国家的普遍程度、存在的复杂原因，以及针对它的利弊的争论。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从最普遍的定义来看，这个术语指的是在一个非常困难或危险的密闭空间（小的，被墙包围的）里工作。A. accurate准确的；B. general普遍的；C. applicable适用的；D. specific具体的。根据下文“Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common.”可知，在这种定义下，血汗工厂被认为相当普遍，因此该定义应该是最普遍的定义。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果使用的定义与人们普遍认为的工厂的形象密切相关，即工人工作过度，工资过低，那么血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍了。A. opinion意见；B. condition条件；C. image形象；D. representation代表。根据下文“a factory with overworked, under-paid workers”可推知，工人工作过度、工资过低是人们通常认为的血汗工厂的形象。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文“sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected”提到在另一定义下，血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍，下文“they are still prevalent in third-world countries”指出它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍，因此上下文之间是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：根据美国政府问责局的说法，血汗工厂是任何违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法的工作场所。A. tax税收；B. criminal刑事的；C. civil民事的；D. labor劳动。根据讨论血汗工厂劳动力的语境可知，这与劳动法相关，此处指违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家认为，大约50%的制造商——特别是服装业——雇佣血汗工厂劳动力。A. exclusively专门地；B. particularly特别是；C. broadly广泛地；D. initially最初地。根据下文“in the clothing industry”和生活常识可推知，相比于其他制造商，服装业的制造商更倾向于雇佣血汗工厂劳动力，此处指特别是服装业。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要统计出某一地区血汗工厂的确切数量是很困难的。A. meaningless毫无意义的；B. significant重要的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”可知，许多血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，因此统计出确切数量是很困难的。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，许多这样的地方往往会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们作为血汗工厂的身份。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result因此；C. Above all首先；D. As usual照常。上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”提到血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”指出血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，前后是因果关系，前为原因，后为结果，应用As a result“因此”衔接。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素是国家或地区的经济状况。A. adds to增加；B. results from由……引起；C. puts off推迟；D. appeals to吸引。根据本段主要描述国家或地区的经济状况导致很多人为了生计而不得不成为血汗工厂劳动力可推知，此处指另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，仅仅是因为在生计方面没有更好的选择，即使他们得到的收入仍然无法维持他们的基本生活水平。A. in spite of尽管；B. in addition to除了……之外（还）；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in return for作为……的回报。根据上文“there are no better alternatives”和下文“livelihood”可推知，此处是从生计方面说明因为没有更好的选择，所以许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，即就生计而言。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些国家，在血汗工厂工作比根本不工作更有相对优势。A. comparative相对的；B. competitive竞争的；C. complicated复杂的；D. potential潜在的。根据下文“working in a sweatshop”“not working at all”以及生活常识可知，虽然在血汗工厂工作非常不好，但是这比根本不工作，无法获得收入，有相对的优势。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：反过来，大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In turn反过来；C. All in all总的来说；D. Last but not least最后但同样重要的是。上文提到很多人迫于生计选择去血汗工厂工作，这比不工作好一些，下文“the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops”指出大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂，前者反过来导致了后者的发生，因此用In turn“反过来”衔接。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些经济学家反对将血汗工厂视为非法的流行观点。A. necessary必要的；B. constructive有益的；C. illegal非法的；D. inhuman不人道的。根据上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”可知，血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，再结合上文“the popular opinion”可推知，流行观点是将血汗工厂视为非法。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：遵循这种信念的雇主被鼓励在较贫穷的国家增加血汗工厂的数量。A. encouraged鼓励；B. forbidden禁止；C. reminded提醒；D. obliged迫使。根据上文“Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物).”可知，血汗工厂被视为一种经济刺激物，因此遵循这种信念的雇主是被鼓励增加血汗工厂的数量。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他专家认为，第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。A. establishing建立；B. enforcing强制执行；C. maintaining维护；D. dropping降低。根据上文“However”可知，本段涉及的观点与前一段支持血汗工厂的观点相反，再结合下文“labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线)”可推知，该反对血汗工厂的观点认为第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了应对这种绝望，工资和员工权利必然会继续下降。A. possible可能的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. necessary必然的。根据上文“The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available.”可知，对工作的需求远远大于可提供的工作数量，再结合“wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation”可推知，为了应对前一句提到的绝望情况，被血汗工厂雇佣的工人不得不进一步退让，他们的工资和权利必然会继续下降。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Police officer Jody Thompson first met his son John in 2015. He was pulling into the car park at the Poteau Police Department in Oklahoma when he overheard a call about a case of physical child abuse. Despite being off duty, Thompson responded to the call.
He arrived at the scene to find a severely underweight boy, who was covered in bruises (淤青) with his wrists tied. The eight-year-old, who weighed just over 25 kilograms at the time, had been left in a dustbin full of cold water.
“He didn’t have a spot on his body that didn’t have a bruise. It was the worst thing I’d ever seen,” Thompson said. Thompson drove John to hospital and sat by his side all night as the child recovered in the intensive care unit.
The following day, he contacted the Oklahoma Department of Human Services (DHS) to request he become the child’s foster parent. Within just a few days, Thompson had brought John into the safety of his own home.
“When I’d seen him in that house shivering and his hands tied — just wet to the skin and confused — I knew at that moment, the only time I would be satisfied and sure that he was safe was if he was with me,” he said.
Thompson already had two sons, aged 15 and 18. He didn’t tell his family about his plan at first, but said they had faith he was doing the right thing. In an extraordinary twist, just two days after bringing John into the family home, he found out his wife was pregnant with their third biological son.
And seven months later, DHS called the Thompsons to ask if they wanted to foster John’s newborn sister, Paizly, who was born in prison. They picked her up the next day — when she was just a day old — and brought her straight home. Both John and Paizly were later adopted by Thompson and his wife.
‘The example of love that Thompson has shown to this young man and his sister is an example everyone should follow,” Poteau Police Chief Stephen Fruen said in a statement. “It’s men like Thompson that make me proud of our police force brothers and sisters. I am proud to serve with him.”
36. When Thompson found him, John was________.
A. seriously ill B. badly injured C. unconscious D. overweight
37. The reason that Thompson decided to bring John back home was that________.
A. he wanted to give John a safe home B. he thought that John was smart
C. he was requested to do so by DHS D. he wanted to find a companion for his sons
38. The underlined word “twist” in the sixth paragraph most probably means________.
A. a bend in a river or road
B. a completely crazy situation
C. something that is bent into a particular shape
D. an unexpected change in the situation
39. What can we infer from what Poteau Police Chief Stephen Fruen said in the last paragraph of the article
A. It wasn’t the first time for Thompson to adopt a child.
B. John was born in prison like his sister.
C. Fruen showed great respect to Thompson.
D. Thompson regretted bringing John home.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了警官乔迪·汤普森在2015年的一起虐童案件中收养了养子约翰，后来又收养了其妹妹的故事，得到了警长的表扬。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“He arrived at the scene to find a severely underweight boy, who was covered in bruises with his wrists tied.（当他赶到现场时，发现一名严重体重不足的男孩，手腕被绑着，浑身是淤青。）”可知，B选项“badly injured（受伤严重）”为正确选项。故选B项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Within just a few days, Thompson had brought John into the safety of his own home.（短短几天之内，汤普森就把约翰带到了安全的家中。）”以及第五段“‘When I’d seen him in that house shivering and his hands tied —just wet to the skin and confused —I knew at that moment, the only time I would be satisfied and sure that he was safe was if he was with me,’ he said.（他说：“当我看到他在那所房子里瑟瑟发抖，双手被绑着——湿漉漉的，迷迷糊糊的——那一刻我知道，只有当他和我在一起时，我才会感到满足，并确信他是安全的。”）”可知，A选项“he wanted to give John a safe home（他想给约翰一个安全的家）”是带他回家的原因。故选A项。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“just two days after bringing John into the family home, he found out his wife was pregnant with their third biological son.（就在约翰被带回家的两天后，他发现妻子怀了他们的第三个亲生儿子。）”可知，twist是指意想不到的变化，与D选项“an unexpected change in the situation（形势的意外变化）”相符。故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“‘It’s men like Thompson that make me proud of our police force brothers and sisters. I am proud to serve with him.’（“正是像汤普森这样的人让我为我们的警察兄弟姐妹感到骄傲。我很自豪能和他共事。”）”可知，C选项“Fruen showed great respect to Thompson.（弗鲁恩对汤普森十分尊敬。）”符合文章意思。故选C项。
B
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40. What is stressed in the ad
A. The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.
B. The coin can be circulated as a currency.
C. Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.
D. Demand for the coin is bound to break records.
41. If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________.
A. $230.7 B. $233.7 C. $240.7 D. $243.7
42. The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________.
A. shopping online
B. making a phone call
C. lining up in front of the stores
D. writing to the company
【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇广告应用文。文章向读者推荐一种有收藏价值的银币。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.”。可知，成千上万的人已经发现一种更加明智的做法，就是收藏高质量的有长效价值的银元。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中图片旁边的内容“5 9 Coins $38.45...”和图片下面的Note：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchase。可知，你应该付费：6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。故选C项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后部分方框上面的内容“For fastest service，call toll-free 24 hours a day”。可知，最快捷的方式便是打电话。故选B项。
C
As I reflect on my educational journey, it becomes evident that the impact of education extends far beyond the ranges of the classroom. Education has been the guiding force that has shaped not only my academic progress but also my personal development and outlook on the world around me.
From my earliest days in school, education has stimulated my intellectual curiosity and developed a deep-seated passion for learning. I remember the thrill of getting on a voyage of discovery with each new lesson, as my understanding of the world expanded through the acquisition (获得) of knowledge and the development of critical thinking skills. These experiences have not only nurtured (培养) my intellectual growth but have also equipped me with the tools to navigate the complexities of the modern world.
However, the impact of education goes beyond the field of academia. It has played a critical role in shaping my character and values, equipping me with a sense of sympathy, understanding, and respect for others. Through interactions with peers from diverse backgrounds and exposure to various perspectives, education has been beneficial in cultivating my social and emotional intelligence. It has taught me the value of cooperation, the importance of embracing diversity, and the power of empathy (共情) in making meaningful connections with others.
Furthermore, education has opened doors to opportunities that have paved the way for my future hard work. It has provided me with the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue my passions, offering a platform for personal and professional growth. The transformative potential of education is evident in the countless stories of individuals whose lives have been improved through access to quality education, breaking the barriers of social and economic inequality.
In conclusion, my journey through the fields of education has been nothing short of transformative. It has expanded my horizons, enriched my understanding of the world, and equipped me with the toots to make meaningful contributions to society. As I continue on this path of lifelong learning, I am deeply grateful for the profound impact of education on my life and remain committed to nurturing its transformative power in the lives of others.
43. According to Para. 2, how did education expand the author’s understanding of the world
A. By equipping the author with knowledge.
B. By encouraging the author to accept others’ ideas.
C. By informing the author of latest scientific development,
D. By making the author more curious about others’perspectives.
44. What impact did education have on the author’s social and emotional intelligence
A. It made the author competitive and individualistic.
B. It taught the author to value cooperation and varies.
C. It made it easier for the author to solve the difficulties.
D. It encourages the author to stick to his own opinion.
45. What does the passage suggest about influence of education in society in a broader sense
A. Education has unlimited potential to make individuals’ lives more colorful.
B. Education is primarily focused on maintaining social development.
C. Education ensures better working opportunities in the future.
D. Education has the power to fight against inequality.
46. What is the topic of the passage
A. The importance of education technology. B. The role of author’s family education.
C. The transformative power of education. D. The improvement of individuals’ education.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，由作者自己接受教育的亲身经历，表明教育对于个人甚至社会有着变革的力量。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“From my earliest days in school, education has stimulated my intellectual curiosity and developed a deep-seated passion for learning. I remember the thrill of getting on a voyage of discovery with each new lesson, as my understanding of the world expanded through the acquisition(获得) of knowledge and the development of critical thinking skills. These experiences have not only nurtured(培养) my intellectual growth but have also equipped me with the tools to navigate the complexities of the modern world.(从我上学的最初几天起，教育就激发了我的求知欲，培养了我对学习的根深蒂固的热情。我记得每上一节新课都让我兴奋不已，因为我对世界的理解随着知识的获取和批判性思维技能的发展而扩大。这些经历不仅培养了我的智力成长，也为我提供了驾驭现代世界复杂性的工具)”可知，教育用知识武装作者，扩大作者对世界的认识。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Through interactions with peers from diverse backgrounds and exposure to various perspectives, education has been beneficial in cultivating my social and emotional intelligence. It has taught me the value of cooperation, the importance of embracing diversity, and the power of empathy(共情) in making meaningful connections with others.(通过与来自不同背景的同龄人互动，接触不同的观点，教育对我的社交和情商的培养是有益的。它教会了我合作的价值，拥抱多样性的重要性，以及与他人建立有意义的联系时同理心的力量)”可知，教育教会了作者重视合作和变化。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The transformative potential of education is evident in the countless stories of individuals whose lives have been improved through access to quality education, breaking the barriers of social and economic inequality.(此教育的变革潜力在无数个人的故事中显而易见，他们的生活因获得优质教育而得到改善，打破了社会和经济不平等的障碍)”可推知，教育对社会而言具有对抗不平等的力量。故选D。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“The transformative potential of education is evident in the countless stories of individuals whose lives have been improved through access to quality education, breaking the barriers of social and economic inequality.(此教育的变革潜力在无数个人的故事中显而易见，他们的生活因获得优质教育而得到改善，打破了社会和经济不平等的障碍)”及最后一段“In conclusion, my journey through the fields of education has been nothing short of transformative.(总而言之，我在教育领域的经历对我来说无异于一场变革)”可知，本文由作者自己接受教育的亲身经历，表明教育对于个人甚至社会有着变革的力量，C选项“教育的变革力量”为本文的主题。故选C。
D
Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.
Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.
Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.
Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.
Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught not trained.
47. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry
A. Reward them with toys. B. Try to stop them crying.
C. Provide comfort and love to them. D. Hold them tight in their arms.
48. What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage
A. The author’s providing of a home base.
B. The author’s readiness to play games with their kids.
C. The author’s being curious about watching the games they play.
D. The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement.
49. Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting
A. Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B. Always standing by to protect your child.
C. Helping your child to do the right thing. D. Showing your child how things are done.
50. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. A certain type of parenting B. Parent-child relationships.
C. How to bring out love in children. D. How to build children’s self-confidence.
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.(他们只是希望我们听他们的。当婴儿哭泣时，我们会抱起他们，我们会回应大孩子的眼泪，因为我们坚信，安慰是免费的，爱是免费的，当孩子需要安慰和爱时，我们的工作就是提供这些东西)”可知，根据作者的观点，当孩子们哭泣时，父母应该给他们安慰和爱。故选C。
【48题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段free-range前文“Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling(抓紧) to my children.(依恋育儿不是贴紧育儿。我不依附于我的孩子)”及后文“As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.(只要他们能动，通常就会远离我。当然，我抱着他们，拥抱他们，追逐他们，亲吻他们，摇晃他们，和他们一起睡觉。但这不是我到处跟着他们然后把他们拉回来。这是我扮演一个家庭大本营的角色)”可知，作者给予孩子们想要的自由活动空间，因此，free-range表示“作者愿意给他们的孩子自由行动”。故选D。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover.(依恋育儿不是直升机育儿。我从不徘徊)”及“ I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.(当我们走在人行道上时，我不会坚持让我23个月大的孩子牵着我的手，因为我知道我可以用我的声音回忆起他，因为他相信我允许他去探索，他相信我在危险的时候解释，并帮助他安全地满足他的好奇心)”可知，作者认为随时准备保护孩子的行为不是依恋育儿。故选B。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained.(依恋育儿法以孩子为中心，关注孩子的需要。父母只是认为孩子是被教导的，而不是被训练的)”及文章中反复出现的“Attachment Parenting”可知，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Self-talk helps us all
Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you've ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you'll know the social problems it can cause. __________51__________
But there's no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities and control our emotions.
For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys. Your are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems. __________52__________ We do a lot of it when we are young.
As children, according to the Russian Psychologist LevVygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside.
Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as "you" rather than "I".
__________53__________ If you want proof, turn on a sports channel. You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.
Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.
Both kinds of self-talk -- silent and out loud -- seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking. _________54_________
A. When something comes from within you, you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way.
B. Psychologists call this private speech -- language that is spoken out loud but directed at yourself.
C. So words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than just chatter.
D. We keep the private speech we use as children inside -- but we never truly put away the out-loud version.
E. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.
F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts, it makes a larger impact on our brain.
【答案】51. E 52. B 53. D 54. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了自言自语对我们有好处。因此，作者建议人们自言自语，不管是默默的还是大声说出来的。
【51题详解】
根据上文“Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you've ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you'll know the social problems it can cause.”（自言自语似乎有点丢人。如果有人听到你批评自己犯了一个愚蠢的错误或在练习演讲，你就会知道它可能导致的社会问题）可知人们认为自言自语是不正常的行为。根据下文“But there's no need for embarrassment.”（但没必要尴尬）可知事实上，人们要正视自言自语，没必要尴尬。该空承上启下，继续说明人们对自言自语现象的误解。E选项“俗话说，自言自语是疯狂的第一个迹象”切题，故选E。
【52题详解】
根据上文“For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys. Your are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems.”（例如，去任何一所幼儿园，看一个小女孩玩玩具。你很可能会听到她在自言自语:给自己指路，谈论自己的问题）可知这里指出了一种现象。该空承接上文，用科学的角度对该现象进行解释，B选项“心理学家称之为私人谈话——大声说出来对自己说的语言”切题，其中，选项中“this”指代上文中“幼儿园小女孩对自己自言自语”的现象，故选B。
【53题详解】
根据下文“If you want proof, turn on a sports channel. You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.”（如果你想要证据，打开体育频道。你肯定会看到一个运动员对自己大喊大叫）可知在成年后，有时候，人们依然会把想对自己说的话，大声说出来。D选项“我们把孩子们私下里说的话藏在心里——但我们从来没有真正把大声说出来的版本收起来”引出下文，下文是对该选项的举例说明，故选D。
【54题详解】
根据上文“Both kinds of self-talk -- silent and out loud -- seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking.”（两种自言自语——沉默的和大声的——似乎都给我们的思维带来许多不同的好处）可知这里说明了两种自言自语都有好处，该空承接上文，建议我们和自己说话。C选项“所以对自己说话，不管是默默地还是大声说出来，都不仅仅是唠叨”切题，与上文构成因果关系，故选C。
第Ⅱ卷（共47分）
Ⅰ. Translation （4+4+4+5+5=22分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
55. 专家呼吁民众要更加注重传统节日，这样年轻人才能和传统文化产生共鸣。（appeal，identify）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Experts appeal to the public to pay more attention to traditional festivals, so that young people can identify with traditional culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。表示“专家”应用复数名词experts，作主语；表示“呼吁公众……”短语为appeal to the public to do...；表示“更加注重传统节日”应用短语pay more attention to traditional festivals；后跟so that引导目的状语从句，主语为young people；表示“和传统文化产生共鸣”短语为identify with traditional culture，“能”用情态动词can后跟动词原形，时态为一般现在时。故翻译为Experts appeal to the public to pay more attention to traditional festivals, so that young people can identify with traditional culture.
56. 没有使用新鲜的食材和服务员糟糕的服务是这家餐厅倒闭的原因。（reason）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The failure to use fresh ingredients and poor service from the waiters were the reasons for the closure of this restaurant.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时，描述过去情况。表示“没有使用新鲜的食材和服务员糟糕的服务”应用the failure to use fresh ingredients and poor service from the waiters，为名词短语，在本句中作主语；表示“这家餐厅倒闭的原因”应用 the reasons for the closure of this restaurant，为名词短语，在本句中作表语，其中the reason for 表“...的原因”，为固定搭配。故翻译为The failure to use fresh ingredients and poor service from the waiters were the reasons for the closure of this restaurant.
57. 尽管面对重重困难，他没有半途而废，依旧刻苦训练，因为这对他而言不仅仅是场比赛。(face分词做状语) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Faced with all the difficulties, he did not give up halfway and continued to train hard, because this was more than a game to him.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词、动词短语和原因状语从句。句子可看作是描述过去发生的事情，时态可用一般过去时。“尽管面对重重困难”可用表示“面对”的过去分词短语faced with和表示“重重困难”的名词短语all the difficulties搭配，作让步状语，be faced with去掉be动词，与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系；主语“他”用代词he，“没有”应用did not，“半途而废”可用动词短语give up halfway，“依旧”可用动词短语continued to (do sth.)，“刻苦训练”可用动词短语train hard，两个谓语部分用并列连词and连接；“因为”可用从属连词because，引导原因状语从句，从句中的主语“这”可用代词this，系动词“是”应用was，表语“一场比赛”可用名词a game，“不仅仅”可用固定短语more than，置于a game之前，起到强调的作用，“对他而言”可用介词to和代词him搭配。故可译为：Faced with all the difficulties, he did not give up halfway and continued to train hard, because this was more than a game to him.
58. 被公司开除后，他沮丧了很长一段时间，但他逐渐意识到，他仍然热爱他所做的，所以决定重新开始。（dawn）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After being fired from the company, he was depressed for a long time, but it gradually dawned on him that he still loved what he did, so he decided to start over.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“……之后”应用介词after；表示“公司开除”应用动名词短语being fired from the company，作宾语；主语为he；表示“沮丧”应用形容词depressed，作表语；表示“很长一段时间”短语为for a long time；but连接并列句；表示“逐渐意识到……”句型为it gradually dawned on sb. that，为一般过去时；从句主语为he；表示“仍然”应用副词still；表示“热爱他所做的”为loved what he did，为一般过去时，what引导宾语从；so连接并列句，主语为he；表示“决定重新开始”短语为decide to start over，为一般过去时。故翻译为After being fired from the company, he was depressed for a long time, but it gradually dawned on him that he still loved what he did, so he decided to start over.
59. 屠呦呦认为她和她的团队在寻找疟疾的治疗方法上所付出的努力都是值得的，而且多亏了这个发现，数百万人被拯救。（thanks）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Tu Youyou believes that the efforts she and her team made in finding a cure for malaria were worth it, and that millions of people were saved thanks to the discovery.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、动词短语、时态语态和介词短语。“认为”可用believe表达，动词后是宾语从句，只起连接作用用that引导，and连接的两个宾语从句，句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“付出努力”可用make effort in doing表达；“疟疾的治疗方法”用a cure for malaria，“值得”用be worth表达。“多亏”是介词短语thanks to，主语“数百万人”是millions of people，和“拯救”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Tu Youyou believes that the efforts she and her team made in finding a cure for malaria were worth it, and that millions of people were saved thanks to the discovery.
Ⅱ. Guided writing（25分）
60. 学校即将开展的班会上会要求学生对于“What leads to success”这个话题来谈谈看法。
请你就此话题表达自己的观点，内容包括：
1. 描述你所认为成功的要素；2. 请结合自己或他人的经历来说明你的观点。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “What leads to success”. I would like to share my opinions on the most important factor of success and that is time management.
As in my case, the abilities of time management really benefited me a lot in adapting myself to the new learning model. By prioritizing tasks, every day was in apple-pie order. I arranged for sufficient time for reviewing and previewing, helping boost my study efficiency and consolidate the knowledge. What’s more, with a sensible time schedule, my distraction time also went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. Therefore, my studying momentum and vigor is ensured.
For reasons above, it’s my firm belief that time management is to an individual what wind is to the sailing boat. Therefore, there is no denying that it is wise time management that will lead to success. Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于“What leads to success”这个话题表达自己的观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：opinion →view
适应：adapt oneself to → adjust oneself to
此外：what’s more →moreover
导致：lead to →result in
2.句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：I would like to share my opinions on the most important factor of success and that is time management.
拓展句：I would like to share my opinions on the most important factor of success, which is time management.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I arranged for sufficient time for reviewing and previewing, helping boost my study efficiency and consolidate the knowledge.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】For reasons above, it’s my firm belief that time management is to an individual what wind is to the sailing boat.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）宜川中学2023学年第二学期期中考试
高一英语 试卷
考生注意：
1.本考试设试卷和答题纸，答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题纸上清楚填涂班级、姓名和准考证号。
3.本试卷共9页，考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
第Ⅰ卷（共103分）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（30分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Employee and manager. B. Customer and shop assistant.
C. Suspect and policeman. D. Student and professor.
2. A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Amused. D. Bored.
3. A. He is economical in all aspects of his life.
B. He thinks the price of the flat is unreasonably high.
C. He can’t afford the monthly rent of 1,500 pounds.
D. He is not satisfied with the location of the flat.
4. A. Call their friend Harry. B. Buy some fishing tools.
C. Write a weather report. D. Fish on the lake.
5. A. He is very hungry. B. He enjoys horse meat.
C. He doesn’t like sandwiches. D. He hasn’t eaten anything today.
6. A. Go out to look for her dog. B. Read a book about gardening.
C. Find some work to do in the garden. D. Stop taking her mind off the dog.
7. A. The woman is determined not to cut class again.
B The man is threatening to reveal the woman’s secret.
C. The man has already owed the woman 100 dollars.
D. The woman has no intention of talking with Mom and Dad.
8. A. He hates camping in the wild. B. He doesn’t trust the advertisement.
C. He doesn’t like sleeping in a tent. D. He thinks it might be too tiring.
9. A. He was too sick to attend school. B. He regretted cancelling school.
C He was angry with the sick students. D. Half of his class didn’t show up at school.
10. A. The weather impacted the locals’ leisure activities.
B. The local s had less free time due to the weather.
C. Watching TV series was the only option for the locals.
D. The survey result might not be as accurate as expected.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. A. The impact of animal studies. B. The growing population.
C. The loss of natural habitats. D. The birds’changing behavior.
12. A. It can contribute to the better conservation of birds.
B. It is aimed at solving my stories about nature.
C. It is funded jointly by four nature organizations.
D. It has spotted at least 10 birds not seen for a long time.
13. A. The benefits of bird conservation. B. The search for lost birds.
C. The reasons for bird extinction. D. The organizations of bird protection.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. A. Those who suffer from the same problem.
B. Those whose faces are easy to recognize.
C. Those who like to watch cartoon movies.
D. Those who can’t identify clear features.
15. A. They can only identify people by their hairstyles.
B. They have trouble remembering names.
C. They can’t tell regular and new customers apart.
D. They are not aware of the surroundings.
16. A. Tools to diagnose the condition. B. Causes of the medical condition.
C. Medicine to treat the condition. D. Ways to deal with the condition.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. They will have to pay a certain fee.
B. They will have to park in a restricted area.
C. They will have to make deliveries themselves.
D. They will be charged with breaking the rule.
18. A. He thinks the city center should belong to the people.
B: He is not happy about the public transportation system.
C. Businesses in the city center will face tougher competition.
D. It will bring inconvenience to the shoppers and the shop owners.
19. A. They will both go by car.
B. They will both go by underground.
C. One will go by bus and the other on foot.
D One will go by lift and the other by bus.
20. A. The traffic problems in the center of London.
B. A new plan to reduce traffic in London.
C. An initiative to build a metro line in London.
D. Means of transport available to the public.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Is Counting Calories Good for Weight Loss
Mark Haub, who teaches nutrition as Kansas State University, wanted to prove to his students that weight loss is simply about calories. Therefore, for ten weeks, the professor started to eat an 1,800-calorie diet _____1_____ (consist) of a Twinkie (奶油蛋糕) every three hours. He also dined on other junk food.
When he started, Haub tipped the scale at 201 pounds,_____2_____ for his weight was considered overweight. By the end of his snack-food test, he _____3_____ (lose) 27 pounds. The story went viral, with the media _____4_____ (call) Haub’s eating plan the Twinkie Diet.
Haub’s message has been standard advice for more than a century. According to many experts, it all comes down to straightforward math: _____5_____ you take in fewer than you burn, you lose weight. Countless millions who struggle with their weight dutifully track their calorie intake, but eventually many discover that all the counting is in vain.
One reason is that calorie counts are not always accurate. The Food and Drug Administration allows numbers on nutrition labels_____6_____ (be) off by as much as 20 percent, and usually the error is undercount. That means, for example, that ice cream claiming to have 180 calories per serving may actually have 215.
Listed calories may also be wrong _____7_____ the way our bodies digest certain foods. Take almonds (杏仁), for instance. Nutrition labels show them to have up to 170 calories per ounce. But this number does not take into account the fact that almonds pass through the intestines (肠) partly undigested. The actual count is 129—a sizable difference.
So, counting calories _____8_____ be effective for weight loss in the short term, but for most people, it eventually fails to help us lose weight and leads to food choices and eating habits that damage our health. _____9_____ (focus) only on calories can result in too little of ______10______ your body really needs.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. redefine B. profits C. valueless D. contrary E. typically F. wide-scale G. transform H. relatively I. purpose J. professional K. unemployment
People worry that developments in artificial intelligence, or AI, will bring about a point in history in which AI will overtake human intelligence, thereby leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Others wonder whether we will have control over artificial intelligence or whether it will have control over us.
While this situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the ____11____, the AI products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and are promising to basically ____12____ our world, though not always for the better. For now, however, they are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will ____13____ what work means and how wealth is created.
Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the Al revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed that they will cause a(n) ____14____ elimination of jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, as well.
This transformation will result in enormous ____15____ for the companies that develop these AI programs, as well as for the companies that adopt them. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together: enormous wealth concentrated in ____16____ few hands and an enormous number of people out of work. What is to be done
Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks AI tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are ____17____ required for high-paying jobs, which maybe hard to retrain displaced workers to be able to do. More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that AI lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen-professions that require human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need
The solution to the problem of mass ____18____ will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that AI cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of ____19____. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at a charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.
Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and _____20_____, such as compassionate (有同情心的) medical vice providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（53分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit s the context.
Section A（每题1分，共15分）
The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most ___21___ definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held ____22____ of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. ____23____, they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal ____24____ laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers—____25____ in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor.
It can be ____26____ to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. ____27____, many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials.
Another factor that ____28____ the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives ____29____ livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a _____30_____ advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. _____31_____, the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops.
Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered _____32_____. Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are _____33_____ to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries.
However, other experts think that _____34_____ labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite _____35_____ for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop.
21.
A. accurate B. general C. applicable D. specific
22.
A. opinion B. condition C. image D. representation
23.
A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
24.
A. tax B. criminal C. civil D. labor
25.
A. exclusively B. particularly C. broadly D. initially
26.
A. meaningless B. significant C. awkward D. difficult
27.
A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. As usual
28.
A. adds to B. results from C. puts off D. appeals to
29.
A. in spite of B. in addition to C. in terms of D. in return for
30.
A. comparative B. competitive C. complicated D. potential
31.
A. By contrast B. In turn C. All in all D. Last but not least
32.
A. necessary B. constructive C. illegal D. inhuman
33.
A. encouraged B. forbidden C. reminded D. obliged
34.
A. establishing B. enforcing C. maintaining D. dropping
35.
A. possible B. incredible C. avoidable D. necessary
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Police officer Jody Thompson first met his son John in 2015. He was pulling into the car park at the Poteau Police Department in Oklahoma when he overheard a call about a case of physical child abuse. Despite being off duty, Thompson responded to the call.
He arrived at the scene to find a severely underweight boy, who was covered in bruises (淤青) with his wrists tied. The eight-year-old, who weighed just over 25 kilograms at the time, had been left in a dustbin full of cold water.
“He didn’t have a spot on his body that didn’t have a bruise. It was the worst thing I’d ever seen,” Thompson said. Thompson drove John to hospital and sat by his side all night as the child recovered in the intensive care unit.
The following day, he contacted the Oklahoma Department of Human Services (DHS) to request he become the child’s foster parent. Within just a few days, Thompson had brought John into the safety of his own home.
“When I’d seen him in that house shivering and his hands tied — just wet to the skin and confused — I knew at that moment, the only time I would be satisfied and sure that he was safe was if he was with me,” he said.
Thompson already had two sons, aged 15 and 18. He didn’t tell his family about his plan at first, but said they had faith he was doing the right thing. In an extraordinary twist, just two days after bringing John into the family home, he found out his wife was pregnant with their third biological son.
And seven months later, DHS called the Thompsons to ask if they wanted to foster John’s newborn sister, Paizly, who was born in prison. They picked her up the next day — when she was just a day old — and brought her straight home. Both John and Paizly were later adopted by Thompson and his wife.
‘The example of love that Thompson has shown to this young man and his sister is an example everyone should follow,” Poteau Police Chief Stephen Fruen said in a statement. “It’s men like Thompson that make me proud of our police force brothers and sisters. I am proud to serve with him.”
36. When Thompson found him, John was________.
A. seriously ill B. badly injured C. unconscious D. overweight
37. The reason that Thompson decided to bring John back home was that________.
A. he wanted to give John a safe home B. he thought that John was smart
C. he was requested to do so by DHS D. he wanted to find a companion for his sons
38. The underlined word “twist” in the sixth paragraph most probably means________.
A. a bend in a river or road
B. a completely crazy situation
C. something that is bent into a particular shape
D. an unexpected change in the situation
39. What can we infer from what Poteau Police Chief Stephen Fruen said in the last paragraph of the article
A. It wasn’t the first time for Thompson to adopt a child.
B John was born in prison like his sister.
C. Fruen showed great respect to Thompson.
D. Thompson regretted bringing John home.
B
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40. What is stressed in the ad
A. The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.
B. The coin can be circulated as a currency.
C. Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.
D. Demand for the coin is bound to break records.
41. If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________.
A. $230.7 B. $233.7 C. $240.7 D. $243.7
42. The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________.
A. shopping online
B. making a phone call
C. lining up in front of the stores
D. writing to the company
C
As I reflect on my educational journey, it becomes evident that the impact of education extends far beyond the ranges of the classroom. Education has been the guiding force that has shaped not only my academic progress but also my personal development and outlook on the world around me.
From my earliest days in school, education has stimulated my intellectual curiosity and developed a deep-seated passion for learning. I remember the thrill of getting on a voyage of discovery with each new lesson, as my understanding of the world expanded through the acquisition (获得) of knowledge and the development of critical thinking skills. These experiences have not only nurtured (培养) my intellectual growth but have also equipped me with the tools to navigate the complexities of the modern world.
However, the impact of education goes beyond the field of academia. It has played a critical role in shaping my character and values, equipping me with a sense of sympathy, understanding, and respect for others. Through interactions with peers from diverse backgrounds and exposure to various perspectives, education has been beneficial in cultivating my social and emotional intelligence. It has taught me the value of cooperation, the importance of embracing diversity, and the power of empathy (共情) in making meaningful connections with others.
Furthermore, education has opened doors to opportunities that have paved the way for my future hard work. It has provided me with the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue my passions, offering a platform for personal and professional growth. The transformative potential of education is evident in the countless stories of individuals whose lives have been improved through access to quality education, breaking the barriers of social and economic inequality.
In conclusion, my journey through the fields of education has been nothing short of transformative. It has expanded my horizons, enriched my understanding of the world, and equipped me with the toots to make meaningful contributions to society. As I continue on this path of lifelong learning, I am deeply grateful for the profound impact of education on my life and remain committed to nurturing its transformative power in the lives of others.
43. According to Para. 2, how did education expand the author’s understanding of the world
A. By equipping the author with knowledge.
B. By encouraging the author to accept others’ ideas.
C. By informing the author of latest scientific development,
D. By making the author more curious about others’perspectives.
44. What impact did education have on the author’s social and emotional intelligence
A. It made the author competitive and individualistic.
B. It taught the author to value cooperation and varies.
C. It made it easier for the author to solve the difficulties.
D. It encourages the author to stick to his own opinion.
45. What does the passage suggest about influence of education in society in a broader sense
A. Education has unlimited potential to make individuals’ lives more colorful.
B. Education is primarily focused on maintaining social development.
C. Education ensures better working opportunities in the future.
D. Education has the power to fight against inequality.
46. What is the topic of the passage
A. The importance of education technology. B. The role of author’s family education.
C. The transformative power of education. D. The improvement of individuals’ education.
D
Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.
Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.
Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.
Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.
Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained.
47. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry
A. Reward them with toys. B. Try to stop them crying.
C Provide comfort and love to them. D. Hold them tight in their arms.
48. What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage
A. The author’s providing of a home base.
B. The author’s readiness to play games with their kids.
C. The author’s being curious about watching the games they play.
D. The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement.
49. Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting
A. Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B. Always standing by to protect your child.
C. Helping your child to do the right thing. D. Showing your child how things are done.
50. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. A certain type of parenting B. Parent-child relationships.
C. How to bring out love in children. D. How to build children’s self-confidence.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Self-talk helps us all
Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you've ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you'll know the social problems it can cause. __________51__________
But there's no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities and control our emotions.
For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys. Your are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems. __________52__________ We do a lot of it when we are young.
As children, according to the Russian Psychologist LevVygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside.
Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as "you" rather than "I".
__________53__________ If you want proof, turn on a sports channel. You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.
Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.
Both kinds of self-talk -- silent and out loud -- seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking. _________54_________
A. When something comes from within you, you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way.
B. Psychologists call this private speech -- language that is spoken out loud but directed at yourself.
C. So words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than just chatter.
D. We keep the private speech we use as children inside -- but we never truly put away the out-loud version.
E. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.
F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts, it makes a larger impact on our brain.
第Ⅱ卷（共47分）
Ⅰ. Translation （4+4+4+5+5=22分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
55. 专家呼吁民众要更加注重传统节日，这样年轻人才能和传统文化产生共鸣。（appeal，identify）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
56. 没有使用新鲜的食材和服务员糟糕的服务是这家餐厅倒闭的原因。（reason）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
57. 尽管面对重重困难，他没有半途而废，依旧刻苦训练，因为这对他而言不仅仅是场比赛。(face分词做状语) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
58. 被公司开除后，他沮丧了很长一段时间，但他逐渐意识到，他仍然热爱他所做的，所以决定重新开始。（dawn）(汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
59. 屠呦呦认为她和她的团队在寻找疟疾的治疗方法上所付出的努力都是值得的，而且多亏了这个发现，数百万人被拯救。（thanks）(汉译英)
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Ⅱ. Guided writing（25分）
60. 学校即将开展的班会上会要求学生对于“What leads to success”这个话题来谈谈看法。
请你就此话题表达自己的观点，内容包括：
1. 描述你所认为成功的要素；2. 请结合自己或他人的经历来说明你的观点。
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