2024届高三高考英语复习:构词法练习(全国通用)(含解析)

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2024届高三高考英语复习:构词法练习(全国通用)(含解析)

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构词法
目 录
构词法 2
一、词形转换填空 2
二、单词拼写 3
三、语法填空 4
四、猜测词义 5
构词法
一、词形转换填空
1 .pleasant adj.令人愉快的;友好的→ vt.(使)高兴;(使)满意→ adj.高兴的;满意的→ adj.令人愉快的→ n. 快乐;乐趣
2 .elegant adj. 精美的;讲究的;文雅的→ n. 优雅;端庄→ adv. 精美地;讲究地;文雅地
3 .exceptional adj. 特别的;罕见的→ n. 例外;例外的人/事→ prep. 除…… 外
4 .stable adj. 稳定的;稳重的→ adv. 稳定地;平稳地
5 .modest adj. 些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→ n. 谦虚;朴素
6 .freeze vi.& vt.(froze ,frozen) 结冰;(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的;冰冻的→ adj.结冰的; 冻僵的;冷冻的
7 .electric adj. 电的;用电的;电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n. 电;电学
8 .assistant n.助理;助手→ vt.帮助;协助→ n.帮助;协助;援助
9 .gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;天赋
10 .challenge [n.] & [vt.] 挑战;质疑→ [adj.] 挑战性的
11 .responsible [adj.] 有责任,负责;可靠的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 责任,职责
12.independent [adj.] 自主的,有主见的;自立的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 独立,自主→ (反 义词)
13 .technique [n.] 技巧,技艺;技能→ [adj.] 技术的,技能的→ [n.] 科技
14 .contribution [n.] 贡献;捐款;捐赠→ [vi.] & [vt.] 做贡献;捐献;促成
15 .fortunately [adv.] 幸运地,幸亏→ (反义词)→ [adj.] 幸运的→ [n.] 运气;巨款; 命运
16 .curiosity [n.]好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品→ [adj.]好奇的
17 .politics [n.]政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见→ [adj.]政治的;政党的 → [n.]政治家
18 .memorable [adj.]难忘的,值得纪念的→ [n.]记忆力→ [vt.]记住
19 .absorb [vt.]理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力→ [n.]吸收;专注
20.amuse [vt.] (提供)消遣;逗笑→ [adj.]被逗乐的,觉得好笑的→ [adj.]逗乐的,有乐趣 的→ [n.]愉悦;娱乐活动
21 .analyze [vt.]分析→ [n.]分析→ (复数)
22 .severe [adj.]十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→ [adv.]严重地→ [n.]严 重性,严峻
23 .anxiety [n.]焦虑;担心;渴望→ [adj.]焦虑的,担心的
二、单词拼写
1 .(2024 ·重庆市巴蜀中学校月考)The new position invested her with a good deal of .(责任)
2 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and I
started eating (贪婪地).
3 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)Medical assistance is available in case of an (紧急情况).
4 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)The aim of the treaty is to prevent the (商业的) and military use of the
continent.
5 .(2024 ·广东省华侨中学月考)Going into hospital can be very (令人害怕的) for a child.
6 .Xi’an has become one of China’s most popular tourist (目的地).
7 .(So far, no (科学的) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
8 .Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s (发展).
9 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)He wishes the government would be more (关注的) to details in their response.
10 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)Please be patient, for this is a slow (积累)ofexperience and knowledge.
11 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)His action had been greeted with almost universal (反对) and he was so discouraged.
12 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)We are what we eat. A good diet is (有益于) to health.
13 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)There has been very little renewal of (人员) in higher education.
14 .(2024 ·广东省佛山市南海中学月考)Tu Youyou’s winning of the Nobel Prize means that TCM is getting international (认可).
15 . (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.
三、语法填空
1 .(2024 ·吉林省东北师大附中第一次摸底) (previous), barbecue in Northeast China was much
more popular across the country.
2.(2024 ·福建省八县(市、区) 一中联考)The newly discovered planet, Kepler-90i, is (probable) rocky and similar to our earth, but because of its closeness to its home star, it has an average surface temperature of about 400°C . It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.
3. (2024 ·安徽省合肥市第一中学第一次教学质量检测)After the event, Zhao Gao killed all those that refused to support him and punished, by
(difference)means, those ministers with a sense of justice. He eventually took control of the court and sped up the downfall of the Qin Dynasty.
4. 2(024 ·广西南宁市高三一模)In addition to this painting, the exhibition showcased a total of 108 cultural relics, including 13 items from (variety)units of the Cultural Heritage Bureau of the Xizang Autonomous Region, as well as 95 items from the Palace Museum.
5.(2024 · 安徽皖江名校联盟 10 月阶段考试) (traditional) handed down from mother to daughter, Su embroidery is an art form that takes decades to master. From design and stitching to mounting and framing (做 框), a single piece of handmade Su embroidery art usually takes months to create.
6.(2024 ·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测)So far, Shaolin Kungfu has become a window of Chinese culture to the world, which also turns Shaolin Temple into the most (influence) “holy land” of martial arts in the
world.
7.(2024 ·广东省广东省四校联考月考)This discovery identifies a(n) (origin) artistic tradition and pushes back by more than 8,500 years the representation of birds in Chinese art.
8. ( 北 京 市 海 淀 区 2023-2024 学 年 高 三 上 学 期 期 中 ) The innovative technique would facilitate (investigate) into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines.
9.(2024 ·河北省保定市摸底)Hu Changsheng, Party secretary of Gansu, said, “Exchanges and mutual learning bring (diverse) to civilization.
10.(2024 ·河北省邢台质检联盟期中)After investigation, we found that of the 33 communities, 22 communities had fewer than 30 giant pandas,” said He Shengshan. “Because pandas have poor ability to travel and there are
mountains, human activities, highways and railway tracks, giant panda groups can’t communicate with each other, and those with small populations are still at risk of (extinct) over time.”
四、猜测词义
1.(2023·浙江 1 月考)Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2. ( 2023 北 京卷 )The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
3.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Pete Bonds is inexperienced in using robots, so he still hires cowboys to watch cattle 4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编)The impact of the programme is unidentifiable.
5. (2023· 全 国 乙 卷 )In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.
6.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way. 7.(2023 新高考卷 II)At the beginning of the text the author describes that many cities are overpopulated.
8.(2023·全国甲卷)If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
9.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc.
10.(2022·新高考全国 II 卷)We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
11.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ ) The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.
12. (2020· 全 国卷 III )Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
13.(2023·浙江 1 月考)A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.
14.Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
15.(2018·浙江卷)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
16.(2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.
17.(2023·北京卷)The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems :climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
18.(2023·全国甲卷)Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.
19.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
20.While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
21.(2023·全国甲卷)Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
22.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.
23. (2020· 全 国卷 III )The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.构词法
目 录
构词法 2
一、词形转换填空 2
二、单词拼写 4
三、语法填空 7
四、猜测词义 9
构词法
一、词形转换填空
1 .pleasant adj.令人愉快的;友好的→ vt.(使)高兴;(使)满意→ adj.高兴的;满意的→ adj.令人愉快的→ n. 快乐;乐趣
2 .elegant adj. 精美的;讲究的;文雅的→ n. 优雅;端庄→ adv. 精美地;讲究地;文雅地
3 .exceptional adj. 特别的;罕见的→ n. 例外;例外的人/事→ prep. 除…… 外
4 .stable adj. 稳定的;稳重的→ adv. 稳定地;平稳地
5 .modest adj. 些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→ n. 谦虚;朴素
6 .freeze vi.& vt.(froze ,frozen) 结冰;(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的;冰冻的→ adj.结冰的; 冻僵的;冷冻的
7 .electric adj. 电的;用电的;电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n. 电;电学
8 .assistant n.助理;助手→ vt.帮助;协助→ n.帮助;协助;援助
9 .gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;天赋
10 .challenge [n.] & [vt.] 挑战;质疑→ [adj.] 挑战性的
11 .responsible [adj.] 有责任,负责;可靠的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 责任,职责
12.independent [adj.] 自主的,有主见的;自立的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 独立,自主→ (反 义词)
13 .technique [n.] 技巧,技艺;技能→ [adj.] 技术的,技能的→ [n.] 科技
14 .contribution [n.] 贡献;捐款;捐赠→ [vi.] & [vt.] 做贡献;捐献;促成
15 .fortunately [adv.] 幸运地,幸亏→ (反义词)→ [adj.] 幸运的→ [n.] 运气;巨款; 命运
16 .curiosity [n.]好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品→ [adj.]好奇的
17 .politics [n.]政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见→ [adj.]政治的;政党的 → [n.]政治家
18 .memorable [adj.]难忘的,值得纪念的→ [n.]记忆力→ [vt.]记住
19 .absorb [vt.]理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力→ [n.]吸收;专注
20.amuse [vt.] (提供)消遣;逗笑→ [adj.]被逗乐的,觉得好笑的→ [adj.]逗乐的,有乐趣 的→ [n.]愉悦;娱乐活动
21 .analyze [vt.]分析→ [n.]分析→ (复数)
22 .severe [adj.]十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→ [adv.]严重地→ [n.]严 重性,严峻
23 .anxiety [n.]焦虑;担心;渴望→ [adj.]焦虑的,担心的
【答案与解析】
1 .pleasant 是形容词,意为“令人愉快的;友好的” ;please 是其动词,意为“(使)高兴;(使)满意” ;pleased 是其同根形容词,意为“高兴的;满意的” ;pleasing 也是其同根形容词,意为“令人愉快的” ;pleasure 是其 名词,意为“快乐;乐趣”。故填 please;pleased;pleasing;pleasure。
2 .elegant“精美的;讲究的;文雅的”,形容词,其名词形式是 elegance“优雅;端庄”,其副词形式为 elegantly“精美地;讲究地;文雅地”。故答案是①elegance②elegantly。
3 .exceptional“特别的;罕见的”,形容词,其名词形式是 exception“例外;例外的人/事”,其介词形式为 except“除…… 外”。故答案是①exception②except。
4 .stable“稳定的;稳重的”,形容词,其副词形式为 stably“稳定地;平稳地”。故答案是 stably。
5 .modest“些许的;谦虚的;朴素的”,形容词,其名词形式是 modesty“谦虚;朴素”。故答案是 modesty。
6 .freeze 是动词,意为“结冰;(使)冻住” ;freezing 是其形容词,意为“极冷的;冰冻的” ;frozen 也是其形 容词,意为“结冰的;冻僵的;冷冻的”。故填 freezing;frozen。
7 .electric,形容词,汉语含义为“电的;用电的; 电动的”,其形容词含义为“与电有关的”,英文表达为
“electrical”,其名词含义为“电; 电学”,英文表达为“electricity”,故答题空 1 填 electrical;答题空 2 填 electricity。
8 .“assistant”为名词, 意为“助理;助手”,其动词形式为“assist”, 意为“帮助;协助”;其名词形式为 “assistance”,意为“帮助;协助;援助”。故答案为:①assist;②assistance
9 .“gifted”为形容词,意为“有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的”,其名词形式为“gift”,意为“礼物;天赋”。 故答案为:gift。
10 .challenge“挑战;质疑”,名词或动词,其形容词形式为 challenging“挑战性的”,故答案为 challenging。
11 .responsible“有责任,负责;可靠的”为形容词,其反义词为 irresponsible“不负责任的”;其名词形式为 responsibility“责任,职责”。故答案为①irresponsible②responsibility。
12 .independent“自主的,有主见的; 自立的”为形容词,其反义词为 dependent“依赖的”;其名词形式为 independence“ 独 立 , 自 主 ” ; 其 名 词 的 反 义 词 为 dependence“ 依 赖 , 依 靠 ” 。 故 答 案 为
①dependent②independence③dependence。
13 .technique“技巧,技艺;技能”为名词;其形容词的形式为 technical“技术的,技能的”;其名词的形式为 technology“科技”。故答案为①technical②technology。
14 .contribution“贡献;捐款;捐赠”为名词;其动词的形式为 contribute“做贡献;捐献;促成”。故答案为 contribute。
15 .fortunately“幸运地,幸亏”为副词;其反义词的形式为 unfortunately“不幸地”;其形容词的形式为 fortunate“幸运的”;其名词的形式为fortune“运气;巨款;命运”。故答案为①unfortunately ②fortunate③fortune。 16 .考查形容词。curiosity 意为“好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品”;表示“好奇的”用形容词 curious。故填: curious。
17 .考查形容词和名词。politics 为名词,意为“政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见”;表示“政治的; 政党的”用形容词 political;表示“政治家”用 politician。故填:political;politician。
18 .考查名词和动词。表示“难忘的,值得纪念的”用形容词 memorable,其名词为 memory“记忆力”,其动 词为 memorize“记住”。故填:memory;memorize。
19 .考查名词。absorb 为动词,表示“理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力”,其名词为 absorption“吸收;专 注”。故填:absorption。
20 .考查形容词和名词。amuse 为动词表示“(提供)消遣;逗笑”,其形容词为 amused 意为“被逗乐的,觉得 好笑的”;另一个形容词为 amusing,意为“逗乐的,有乐趣的”,其名词为 amusement ,意为“愉悦;娱乐活 动”。故填:amused;amusing;amusement。
21 .考查词性转换 。动词 “analyze” 的名词形式是 analysis 意为 “ 分析 ” ,复数形式是 analyses 。故填
①analysis ,②analyses。
22 .severe [adj.]十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的,其副词形式是 severely“严重地”;其名词形式 是 severity“严重性,严峻”,故答案分别是 severely; severity。
23 .anxiety [n.]焦虑;担心;渴望,其形容词形式是 anxious“焦虑的,担心的”,故答案是 anxious。
二、单词拼写
1 .(2024 ·重庆市巴蜀中学校月考)The new position invested her with a good deal of .(责任)
【答案】responsibility
【 解析 】考查名词 。句 意 :新职位赋 予她很大 的 责任 。a good deal of 跟名词 , “ 责任 ” 的名词是 responsibility,是不可数名词,故填 responsibility。
2 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and I
started eating (贪婪地).
【答案】greedily
【解析】考查副词。句意:我以为这一大堆食物就是要上的菜的总量,于是我开始贪婪地吃起来。根据汉 语提示,这里应用副词 greedily,修饰动词 eating。故填 greedily。
3 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)Medical assistance is available in case of an (紧急情况).
【答案】emergency
【解析】考查名词。句意: 紧急情况下可提供医疗援助。根据汉语提示, 这里应用 emergency,为可数名词, 且空前有 an,这里应用名词单数。故填 emergency。
4 .(2024 · 宁夏吴忠中学月考)The aim of the treaty is to prevent the (商业的) and military use of the continent.
【答案】commercial
【解析】考查形容词。句意: 该条约的目的是防止对该大陆的商业和军事利用。根据 and 后的 military 和汉 语提示可知,空处应用形容词 commercial,和 military 一起并列作定语,修饰 use。故填 commercial。
5 .(2024 ·广东省华侨中学月考)Going into hospital can be very (令人害怕的) for a child.
【答案】frightening
【解析】考查形容词。句意:对一个孩子来说,去医院是件很可怕的事。根据 Going into hospital 可知,此 处形容一件事,应用-ing 结尾的形容词, 由汉语提示和 can be 可知,表示“令人害怕的 ”应用形容词 frightening,作表语。故填 frightening。
6 .Xi’an has become one of China’s most popular tourist (目的地).
【答案】destinations
【解析】考查名词。句意:西安已成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。“ 目的地 ”应用名词 destination , 作介词 of 的宾语,和 tourist 搭配,表示“旅游目的地 ”,且此处使用了“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复 数 ”的固定结构,因此 destination 应用复数形式。故填 destinations。
7 .(So far, no (科学的) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
【答案】scientific
【解析】考查形容词。句意:到目前为止,没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有好处。分析句子结构可知,本 空填形容词 scientific,意为“科学的 ”,作定语,修饰名词 studies。故填 scientific。
8 .Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s (发展).
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词。句意:医生说太多的压力对孩子的发展不好。分析句子结构可知,本空填 development,
意为“发展 ”,为不可数名词,作介词 for 的宾语。故填 development。
9 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)He wishes the government would be more (关注的) to details in their response.
【答案】attentive
【解析】考查形容词。句意: 他希望政府在回应时更注意细节。根据汉语提示可知, attentive 关注的,形容 词,在句中作表语,故填 attentive。
10 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)Please be patient, for this is a slow (积累)ofexperience and knowledge.
【答案】accumulation
【解析】考查名词。句意:请耐心一点,因为这是经验和知识的缓慢积累。根据汉语提示可知应填名词 accumulation,作表语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填 accumulation。
11 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)His action had been greeted with almost universal (反对) and he was so discouraged.
【答案】disapproval
【解析】考查名词。句意:他的行动遭到了几乎所有人的反对,他非常沮丧。根据汉语提示可知应填名词 disapproval,作宾语,不可数。故填 disapproval。
12 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)We are what we eat. A good diet is (有益于) to health.
【答案】beneficial
【解析】考查形容词。句意:人如其食。良好的饮食有利于健康。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词 beneficial, “有益的,有好处的 ”,作表语,构成短语 be beneficial to,意为“有益于 ”。故填 beneficial。
13 .(2024 ·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟)There has been very little renewal of (人员) in higher education.
【答案】personnel
【解析】考查名词。句意: 高等教育人员的更新很少。分析句子可知, 空格处填名词;根据中文提示,“人 员 ”用 personnel 表示,为集合名词。故填 personnel。
14 .(2024 ·广东省佛山市南海中学月考)Tu Youyou’s winning of the Nobel Prize means that TCM is getting international (认可).
【答案】recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意:屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖意味着中医药正在获得国际认可。根据中文提示可知,表 示“认可 ”应用 recognition,为不可数名词,international recognition 表“ 国际认可 ”,为固定短语,在本句 中作宾语。故填 recognition。
15 . (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.
【答案】Recently
【解析】考查副词。句意:最近,陆河的公民有机会体验自助服务商店。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空 后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,根据所给中文提示词,应是 recently 意为“最近 ”,位于句首,首字母应大 写。故填 Recently。
三、语法填空
1 .(2024 ·吉林省东北师大附中第一次摸底) (previous), barbecue in Northeast China was much
more popular across the country.
【答案】Previously
【解析】考查副词。句意:以前,东北地区的烧烤在全国更受欢迎。此处修饰后面整个句子,应用副词previously, 作状语,首字母大写。故填 Previously。
2.(2024 ·福建省八县(市、区) 一中联考)The newly discovered planet, Kepler-90i, is (probable) rocky and similar to our earth, but because of its closeness to its home star, it has an average surface temperature of about 400°C . It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.
【答案】probably
【解析】考查副词。句意: 这颗新发现的行星开普勒 90i 很可能是一颗岩石行星,与我们的地球相似,但由 于它离母星很近,它的平均表面温度约为 400 摄氏度。修饰动词is 用副词作状语,故填probably。
3. (2024 ·安徽省合肥市第一中学第一次教学质量检测)After the event, Zhao Gao killed all those that refused to support him and punished, by
(difference)means, those ministers with a sense of justice. He eventually took control of the court and sped up the downfall of the Qin Dynasty.
【答案】different
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这件事情之后,赵高杀死了所有拒绝支持他的人并用不同的方式惩罚了那些 有正义感的大臣。分析该句成分可知,应填形容词作 means 的定语,所以应填 different。故填 different。
4. 2(024 ·广西南宁市高三一模)In addition to this painting, the exhibition showcased a total of 108 cultural relics, including 13 items from (variety)units of the Cultural Heritage Bureau of the Xizang Autonomous Region, as
well as 95 items from the Palace Museum.
【答案】various/ varied
【解析】考查形容词。句意: 此次展览共展出了 108 件文物,其中包括西藏自治区文物局各单位的 13 件文 物, 以及故宫博物院的 95 件文物。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词,修饰其后的名词 units。故填 various,也可以填 varied。故填 various/ varied。
5.(2024 · 安徽皖江名校联盟 10 月阶段考试) (traditional) handed down from mother to daughter, Su embroidery is an art form that takes decades to master. From design and stitching to mounting and framing (做 框), a single piece of handmade Su embroidery art usually takes months to create.
【答案】Traditionally
【解析】考查副词。句意:传统上由母亲传给女儿,苏绣是一种需要几十年才能掌握的艺术形式。由句意 知空处应填副词形式 traditionally,作状语,修饰整个句子,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填 Traditionally。
6.(2024 ·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测)So far, Shaolin Kungfu has become a window of Chinese culture to the world, which also turns Shaolin Temple into the most (influence) “holy land” of martial arts in the
world.
【答案】influential
【解析】考查形容词。句意:至今,少林功夫已成为中国文化向世界展示的窗口,这也使少林寺成为世界 上最具影响力的武术“圣地”。空处缺少形容词作定语,influence 对应的形容词为 influential“有影响力的”。 故填 influential。
7.(2024 ·广东省广东省四校联考月考)This discovery identifies a(n) (origin) artistic tradition and pushes back by more than 8,500 years the representation of birds in Chinese art.
【答案】original
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这项发现确认了一种原始的艺术传统,并将鸟类在中国艺术中的描绘时间向 前推进了 8500 多年。分析句子, 设空处使用 origin 的形容词 original 作定语,修饰名词,意为“原始的,独 创的”。故填 original。
8. ( 北 京 市 海 淀 区 2023-2024 学 年 高 三 上 学 期 期 中 ) The innovative technique would facilitate (investigate) into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines.
【答案】investigations
【解析】考查名词。句意:这项创新技术将有助于对心脏病的调查和一些潜在药物的试验。空处应用名词, 和 and 后的 trials 一起作宾语。investigation 意为“调查”,在这里为可数名词,且空前没有表示数量的限定词
修饰,这里应用名词复数。故填 investigations。
9.(2024 ·河北省保定市摸底)Hu Changsheng, Party secretary of Gansu, said, “Exchanges and mutual learning bring (diverse) to civilization.
【答案】diversity
【解析】考查名词。句意: 甘肃省委书记胡昌升表示:“交流互鉴为文明带来了多样性。举办世博会的目的 是进一步加强不同国家和地区之间的文化交流和友谊,从而推动共同发展和繁荣。”分析句子成分可知,空 处为名词形式,担当动词“bring”的宾语。故填 diversity。
10.(2024 ·河北省邢台质检联盟期中)After investigation, we found that of the 33 communities, 22 communities had fewer than 30 giant pandas,” said He Shengshan. “Because pandas have poor ability to travel and there are
mountains, human activities, highways and railway tracks, giant panda groups can’t communicate with each other, and those with small populations are still at risk of (extinct) over time.”
【答案】extinction
【解析】考查名词。句意:因为熊猫的行动能力不强,且有山、人类活动、高速公路和铁路的阻碍,因此 大熊猫族群之间无法相互交流,这些小数量的群体也面临着灭绝的风险。空前为介词 of,故此处应用名词 “extinction 灭绝 ”作宾语,故填 extinction。
四、猜测词义
1.(2023·浙江 1 月考)Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】确保
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:人工智能确保了人类光明的未来。
2. (2023 北京卷)The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
【答案】无力
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:无法参与长期的原因和后果,导致了世界上一些最严重的问题:气候变化、 生物多样性崩溃等等。
3.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Pete Bonds is inexperienced in using robots, so he still hires cowboys to watch cattle
【答案】没有经验的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:皮特 ·邦兹在使用机器人方面没有经验,所以他还雇牛仔来看牛?
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编)The impact of the programme is unidentifiable.
【答案】无法确认的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:该计划的影响是无法识别的。
5. (2023· 全 国 乙 卷 )In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.
【答案】误解
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:除了双方误解的问题外,还有一些意外或故意扭曲的胜利,特别是当只有 胜利者知道如何写作的时候。
6.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way.
【答案】沙漠化
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:怎样做才能减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程?大量的工作已经在进行中了。
7.(2023 新高考卷 II)At the beginning of the text the author describes that many cities are overpopulated.
【答案】人口过多的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:在文章的开头,作者描述了许多城市的过度拥挤。
8.(2023·全国甲卷)If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
【答案】重建; 修复; 使重现; 重造
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:如果我们想重建那天实际发生的事情,保护人必须像书面报告一样深入和 严格地被质疑和解释。
9.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc.
【答案】前言; (书的)序言
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:花几分钟时间浏览一下这本书。看看目录、前言、章节标题等。
10.(2022·新高考全国 II 卷)We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
【答案】访问后的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:我们为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金,视情况而定。需要参与访问后 的调查。
11.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ ) The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.
【答案】微生物
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:来自我们身体的微生物无法控制地生长在国际空间站的表面上,所以宇航 员每周要花几个小时清理它们。
12. (2020· 全 国卷 III )Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
【答案】几代人的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:年前,他们都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层的维多利亚式住宅——这是英 国越来越多的多代人居住在同一个屋檐下的家庭之一。
13.(2023·浙江 1 月考)A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.
【答案】战胜
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:一台机器现在不仅能在国际象棋上打败你,而且还能在国际辩论赛中胜过 你。
14.Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
【答案】超级智能
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:由于 AI,我的手机内置了我自己的超智能个人助理。
15.(2018·浙江卷)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
【答案】百分率
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意: 虽然塑料袋看起来可能很难看,但它们只占今天地上所有垃圾的一小部分。
16.(2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.
【答案】缺席
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:在离开学校 15 年后,我又回到学校教书,处理着从书包里冒出来的各种 “禁果 ”。
17.(2023·北京卷)The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems :climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
【答案】生物多样性
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:无法参与长期的原因和后果,导致了世界上一些最严重的问题:气候变化、 生物多样性崩溃等等。
18.(2023·全国甲卷)Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok
restaurant.
【答案】旗舰店
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意: Issaya Siamese 俱乐部是国际知名的泰国厨师伊恩 ·基蒂柴在曼谷的第一家 旗舰餐厅。
19.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
【答案】反光的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:所有骑手都配备了反光背心和安全灯。
20.While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
【答案】难以负担的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:虽然这对许多人来说可能是一种优势,但患有这种罕见疾病的人经常发现 他们不寻常的能力负担。
21.(2023·全国甲卷)Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
【答案】放松
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意: 如今,美国大约有 2000 只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功, 以至于美 国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊退出被保护的序列,这将放松法律保护,允许它们被猎杀。
22.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.
【答案】电池驱动的
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意: 从 21 世纪的角度来看,这本印刷的书当然是古老的,但它仍然和任何电池 驱动的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。
23. (2020· 全 国卷 III )The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
【答案】杰作
【解析】考查猜测词义。句意:这位艺术家肯定他会被选中,但当他把他的杰作呈现给皇帝的首席大臣时, 老人笑了。聪明的老人告诉他去丽江——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一点东西。

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