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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4　Amazing art
【要义详析】
一、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 be(am/is/are)+being done
否定句 be(am/is/are)+not+being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1. 表示此刻正被进行的动作。
*The question is being discussed at the meeting now.
这个问题现在正在会上被讨论。
*Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River at present. 目前长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
2. 表示现阶段正被进行的动作。
*Many tall buildings are being built, and people will move in next year.
许多高楼都在建设中, 人们明年将搬进去。
*These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
以如此速度捕杀动物, 他们很快就会消失。
3. 表示一种经常性的被动行为, 常和always, constantly, frequently等表示频率的副词连用, 这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
*The clothes are always being washed by my mother.
衣服总是由我妈妈来洗。
4. 表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
*Next week, our school is being inspected by many specialists.
下星期, 许多专家将来我们学校视察。
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1. 在现在进行时的被动语态中be为第一助动词, being为第二助动词, 缺一不可, 且位置不可互换。此结构若缺少being, 则就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。试比较:
The moving story is being read by a student in a soft voice.
这个感人的故事正在由一名学生轻声读着。
*The moving story is read well by a student. 一名学生将这个感人的故事读得很好。(一般现在时被动语态)
2. take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时, 其中的介词不可省略。
*The children are being taken good care of by their grandmother. 那些孩子正由他们的祖母好好照看着。
3. 非延续性动词、表示存在意义、所属关系、静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
*It is known to us that Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知, 台湾是中国的领土。
4. “be(am/is/are)+under/in+n. ”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
*The bridge is under construction.
=The bridge is being constructed.
这座桥正在建设之中。
【知识延伸】
　　一些表示状态、心理活动、 拥有、存在等的动词, 和主动语态一样, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或现阶段进行的被动动作。
Martial art is loved by more and more people, especially some foreigners.
武术被越来越多的人喜爱, 尤其是外国人。
*The large house is owned by the young man.
这所大房子归这个年轻人所有。
难点1
感叹句
it+be+过去分词+that从句
【名师点津】what/how引导的感叹句句式
(1)由what引导的感叹句形式:
What+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What+adj. +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
*What bad weather it is! You’d better stay at home.
天气太糟糕了! 你最好待在家里。
*How beautiful the fresh flowers are! And you must take good care of them.
这些鲜花多美啊! 你一定要好好照顾它们。
(2)由how引导的感叹句形式:
How+adj. / adv. (+主语+谓语)!
How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
*How clever a boy he is! He has won many prizes in this field.
多么聪明的男孩啊! 他在这个领域获得了很多奖项。
【名师点津】
(1)“it+be+过去分词+that从句”结构是常用的表达。常见的表达有:
It is said that. . . 　　　　 据说……
It is reported that. . . 　　 据报道……
It is believed that. . . 　　 人们认为/相信……
It is hoped that. . . 　　　 人们希望……
*It is suggested that students (should) be encouraged
to read more printed books instead of e-books.
我们建议学生们应该被鼓励多阅读印刷书籍而不是电子书。
*It is reported that the recently discovered painting
may be painted by Picasso.
据报道最新发现的绘画可能是毕加索的作品。
表示建议、命令、请求等: It is suggested / ordered / requested / required / insisted that. . . 句型中用“(should)+动词原形”
(2)有的“It is+过去分词+that从句”结构可与“sb. /sth.
is+过去分词+to do. . . ”结构相互转换。
难点2
as if从句虚拟语气用法小结
【名师点津】as if从句虚拟语气用法小结
as if从句使用虚拟语气时, 其形式为:
谓语动词
(1)表示与现在事实相反 用一般过去时, be动词常用were
(2)表示与过去事实相反 用过去完成时had done
(3)表示与将来事实相反 用would/could/might+动词原形
*The girl stood at the gate of their house as if (she was) waiting for her parents.
*He cleared his throat as if (he was) to begin his class.
【名师点津】
It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb. spend some time doing sth. 意为“某人花费时间做某事”, it 在句子中为形式主语, 不定式短语to do sth. 是句子真正的主语。take表“需要”之意。
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