资源简介

Unit 4 单词整理
名词 n.
deal 协议；交易 Start by dealing out ten cards to each player. 发牌 You can often see people dealing openly on the streets. 非法买卖毒品；贩毒 They spent a great deal of money. / It took a great deal of time. 大量；很多 make/sign/conclude/close a deal (with sb.) 协议/交易 We did a deal with the management on overtime. We tried to ensure that everyone got a fair deal. 待遇 We must take positive steps to deal with the problem. The government must deal with this as a matter of urgency. The new position invested her with a good deal of responsibility.
relation 关系；联系 diplomatic/international/foreign relations 外交 / 国际 / 对外关系 Relations with neighbouring countries are under strain at present. We seek to improve relations between our two countries. the relation between rainfall and crop yields 降雨量和农作物产量之间的关系 The fee they are offering bears no relation to the amount of work involved. Relations with neighbouring countries are under strain at present. The company has a track record of good employee relations.
communication 交流；沟通 Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.表达；交流 All channels of communication need to be kept open. Doctors do not always have good communication skills. The new airport will improve communications between the islands.通信；交通联系 Snow has prevented communication with the outside world for three days. Some sign languages are very sophisticated means of communication. The new airport will improve communications between the islands.
cloud 云；云朵 The sun went behind a cloud. / The plane was flying in cloud most of the way. Her father's illness cast a cloud over her wedding day. 阴影；忧郁；焦虑 The only dark cloud on the horizon was that they might have to move house. He still has a cloud of suspicion hanging over him. The blast sent a huge mushroom cloud of toxic gas into the air. A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.
member 成员；分子 a member of staff/society/the family 职工 / 社会 / 家庭中的一员 party/union members 党员/工会会员 a meeting of member countries/states He refused to name the members of staff involved. The support of our members is of great importance to the Association. There have been many complaints from members of the public. Her speech to party members was not intended for public consumption. Some members of the family may remain unaffected by the disease. Members of the public joined the search for the missing boy. The new law appears to penalize the poorest members of society.
pressure 压力 The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding. 压力；挤压 The barriers gave way under the pressure of the crowd. air/water pressure 空气 / 水的压力 Check the tyre pressure (= the amount of air in a tyre) regularly. A band of high/low pressure is moving across the country. 大气压 The pressure for change continued to mount. 催促；要求；呼吁；强迫 There is a great deal of pressure on young people to conform. The government eventually bowed to popular pressure (= they agreed to do what people were trying to get them to do). Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work. 心理压力；紧张 How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life
opinion 意见；想法；看法 We were invited to give our opinions about how the work should be done. The chairman expressed the opinion that job losses were inevitable. I've recently changed my opinion of her. / Everyone had an opinion on the subject. If you want my opinion, I think you'd be crazy not to accept. There is a wide body of opinion that supports this proposal. They called in a psychologist to give an independent opinion. I'd like a second opinion (= advice from another person) before I make a decision. This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.
skill 技艺；技巧 The job requires skill and an eye for detail. What made him remarkable as a photographer was his skill in capturing the moment. We need people with practical skills like carpentry. With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete. There are good opportunities for advancement if you have the right skills. This course is designed for people wishing to update their computer skills.
football (美式)橄榄球；足球 play football 踢足球 a football match/team/stadium 足球比赛 / 队 Health care should not become a political football. Several boys were still playing football on the waste ground. Their behaviour has bought discredit on English football. Violent football fans bring discredit on the teams they support. He was condemned to spend the rest of the football season on the bench.
development 发展；发育；成长 the development of basic skills such as literacy and numeracy career development职业的发展 the development of vaccines against tropical diseases热带疾病疫苗的研制 This piece of equipment is an exciting new development. Are there further developments in the investigation 发展事态，进展情况 Conditions were set fair for stable economic development. New technology has enabled development of an online 'virtual library'. This chapter explores the linkage between economic development and the environment. Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.
动词 v.
allow 允许；准许 His parents won't allow him to stay out late. / He is not allowed to stay out late. We do not allow smoking in the hall. = Smoking is not allowed in the hall. You're allowed an hour to complete the test. 给予 The prisoners are allowed out of their cells for two hours a day. 允许进入 You won't be allowed up (= out of bed) for several days. A ramp allows easy access for wheelchairs. 使可能 You need to allow three meters of fabric for the dress. 留出，给出 He refuses to allow that such a situation could arise. 接受；承认；同意 She was very helpful when my mother was ill─I'll allow you that. It will take about an hour to get there, allowing for traffic delays. 考虑到；估计到 Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good. He wouldn't allow emotions to get in the way of him doing his job. Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good.
guess 猜测；估计 We can only guess at her reasons for leaving. She guessed the answer straight away. / You'll never guess what she told me. You would never guess (that) she had problems. She's always so cheerful. The article is based on guesses about what might happen in the future. You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context. The author's intention is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
argue 争吵；争论 My brothers are always arguing. / They argued for the right to strike. We're always arguing with each other about money. She argued the case for bringing back the death penalty. He was too tired to argue the point (= discuss the matter). He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. It could be argued that laws are made by and for men. These latest developments argue a change in government policy. They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. In broad terms, the paper argues that each country should develop its own policy.
offer 主动提出;自愿给与 He offered $4 000 for the car. / Josie had offered her services as a guide. They decided to offer the job to Jo.=They decided to offer Jo the job. I gratefully took the cup of coffee she offered me. The hotel offers excellent facilities for families. The job didn't offer any prospects for promotion. He did not offer any explanation for his behaviour. Thank you for your kind offer of help. / I accepted her offer to pay. You can't just turn down offers of work like that. accept/refuse/decline an offer 接受 / 拒绝 / 谢绝好意 They've decided to accept our original offer. They made me an offer I couldn't refuse. The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service.
communicate 交流；沟通 We only communicate by email. / They communicated in sign language. Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other. He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group. Her nervousness was communicating itself to the children. Candidates must be able to communicate effectively. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. She is fundamentally a nice person, but she finds it difficult to communicate.
explain 解释；说明 First, I'll explain the rules of the game. Can you explain how the email system works The government now has to explain its decision to the public. The article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate. It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. I explained that an ambulance would be coming soon. At least give him the opportunity of explaining what happened. She tried to explain how the system works, but it's all Greek to me. Several factors have been adduced to explain the fall in the birth rate.
copy 抄袭；模仿；复制 I will send you a copy of the report. 复印件，副本，复制品 You should make a copy of the disk as a backup. The thieves replaced the original painting with a copy. a copy of ‘The Times’ 一本，一册，一份 The book sold 20 000 copies within two weeks. They copied the designs from those on Greek vases. 复制；复印；仿造；临摹 Everything in the computer's memory can be copied onto disks. She copied the phone number into her address book. 抄写；誊写 I copied out several poems. She copies everything her sister does. 模仿；效法；仿效 Their tactics have been copied by other terrorist organizations.
return 归还；回来；返回 I waited a long time for him to return. 回来；回去；返回 She's returning to Australia tomorrow after six months in Europe. I returned from work to find the house empty. When did she return home from the trip I returned the letter unopened. 带回；送回；放回；退还 We had to return the hairdryer to the store because it was faulty. I must return some books to the library. The following day the pain returned. 恢复；重现 Her suspicions returned when things started going missing again. He returns to this topic later in the report. 重提；重新开始做 The doctor may allow her to return to work next week. Train services have returned to normal after the strike. 恢复 return a favour/greeting/stare报答；回应问候；回瞪一眼 She phoned him several times but he was too busy to return her call. 回报；回应 Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power. A growing number of people are returning to full-time education.
compete 竞争；对抗 Several companies are competing for the contract. 竞争；对抗 We can't compete with them on price. Young children will usually compete for their mother's attention. Small traders cannot compete in the face of cheap foreign imports. He's hoping to compete in the London marathon. 参加比赛（或竞赛） The company is now well positioned to compete in foreign markets. The firm had to face some sharp practice from competing companies. Five other cities had been competing for the honour of staging the Games Can our industry compete on equal terms with its overseas rivals
continue 继续存在；持续 The exhibition continues until 25 July. The trial is expected to continue for three months. The rain continued to fall all afternoon.=The rain continued falling all afternoon. She wanted to continue working until she was 60. He continued to ignore everything I was saying. The board of inquiry is continuing its investigations. Are you going to continue with the project She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found. The story continues in our next issue. /The story will be continued in our next issue. Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time. Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human knowledge. The company continues to ship more computer systems than its rivals.
compare 比较 It is interesting to compare their situation and ours. We compared the two reports carefully. We carefully compared the first report with the second. My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's. Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago. This school compares with the best in the country (= it is as good as them). This house doesn't compare with our previous one (= it is not as good). I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared to yours. The critics compared his work to that of Martin Amis.
push 鞭策；督促；推动 We pushed and pushed but the piano wouldn't move. 推动/移动 He walked slowly up the hill pushing his bike. He tried to kiss her but she pushed him away. The fans pushed against the barrier. 推进（道路）；挤开 People were pushing and shoving to get to the front. Try and push your way through the crowd. The rise in interest rates will push prices up. 推动;促使(达到某程度或状态) This development could push the country into recession. My teacher pushed me into entering the competition. 说服；劝解；鼓励；敦劝 No one pushed you to take the job, did they The music teacher really pushes her pupils. 鞭策；督促 Lucy should push herself a little harder. Her parents are very tolerant, but sometimes she pushes them too far. 迫使…生气/不安 The interview gave him a chance to push his latest movie. 力劝…接受；推销 She didn't want to push the point any further at that moment.
cause 造成；引起 Unemployment is a major cause of poverty. 原因；起因 There was discussion about the fire and its likely cause. Drinking and driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. There is no cause for concern. 理由/动机/缘故 The food was excellent─I had no cause for complaint. with/without good cause 理由充分/无缘无故 Animal welfare campaigners raised 70 000 for their cause last year. 事业，目标，思想 fighting for the Republican cause为共和党的事业而奋斗 Do they know what caused the fire / Are you causing trouble again The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers. The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply. The project is still causing him a lot of problems. deaths caused by dangerous driving The research shows that computer games may cause aggression. A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down. The research shows that computer games may cause aggression.
形容词 adj.
wrong 有毛病的；错误的 He was driving on the wrong side of the road. 错误的；不对的；不正确的 Sorry, I must have dialed the wrong number. You're holding the camera the wrong way up ! I think she lives at number 44, but I could be wrong. 人出错；搞错；有错误 You were wrong about Tom; he's not married after all. She would prove him wrong (= prove that he was wrong) whatever happened. You think you've beaten me but that's where you're wrong. There's something wrong with the printer. 引起问题（或麻烦）；有毛病；不正常 The doctor could find nothing wrong with him. We don't want this document falling into the wrong hands. 不合适的；不适当的 It was his bad luck to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. I was trying to apologize but it came out wrong. ‘I thought you were going out.’ ‘Well you must have thought wrong , then!’
elder 年纪较长的 In Japan you are taught great respect for your elders. His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago. He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of an elder statesman. The person you saw yesterday was not her, but her elder sister. His elder brother was called up for military service.
nervous 焦虑的；担忧的 Consumers are very nervous about the future. He had been nervous about inviting us. / I felt really nervous before the interview. As the great day approached, she grew more and more nervous. Beneath his confident exterior, he was desperately nervous. I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn't have worried; it was really easy.
proper 正确的；恰当的 We should have had a proper discussion before voting. 正确的；恰当的 Please follow the proper procedures for dealing with complaints. When are you going to get a proper job 真正的；像样的；名副其实的 Eat some proper food, not just toast and jam! He is always perfectly proper in his behaviour. 正当的；规矩的 It is right and proper that parents take responsibility for their children's attendance at school. The development was planned without proper regard to the interests of local people. The celebrations proper always begin on the last stroke of midnight. More people will be doing the work with proper supervision and thus, more safely.
clear 清楚易懂的；明朗的 She gave me clear and precise directions. / Are these instructions clear enough I hope I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here. She won the election by a clear majority. It was quite clear to me that she was lying. Are you clear about the arrangements for tomorrow We need a clear understanding of the problems involved. She was in Australia but I could hear her voice as clear as a bell. The voice on the phone was clear and strong. I cleared my desk of papers. / Clear all those papers off the desk. I had cleared my desk before I left. She cleared a space on the sofa for him to sit down. The remains of the snow had been cleared from the streets. It was several hours before the road was cleared after the accident. The traffic took a long time to clear after the accident. 恢复畅通；不再受阻 The boy's lungs cleared and he began to breathe more easily. The sky cleared after the storm. / The rain is clearing slowly. 变明朗；转晴；放晴
typical 典型的 a typical Italian cafe典型的意大利式小餐馆 This is a typical example of Roman pottery. The weather at the moment is not typical for July. This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape. The elderly man may not be typical, but he speaks for a significant body of opinion. This is not typical of Chinese, but is a feature of the Thai language
quick 快的；迅速的 She gave him a quick glance. / These cakes are very quick and easy to make. Would you like a quick drink / The doctor said she'd make a quick recovery. She was quick (= too quick) to point out the mistakes I'd made. Once again, his quick wits (= quick thinking) got him out of an awkward situation. Just a quick note to say thank you for a wonderful evening.
crazy 不理智的；疯狂的 Are you crazy We could get killed doing that. She must be crazy to lend him money. He drove like an idiot, passing in the craziest places. Marie says he went crazy , and smashed the room up. The crowd went crazy when the band came on stage. I've been crazy about him since the first time I saw him. People thought they were all crazy to try to make money from manufacturing.
usual通常的；寻常的 She made all the usual excuses. 通常的；寻常的；惯常的 He came home later than usual. / She sat in her usual seat at the back. It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. They had delayed having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. Despite the threat of war, people went about their business as usual. She is following her usual policy of ignoring all offers of help. The festival has the usual mixture of movies ─ good, bad and indifferent.
副词 adv.
instead 代替；反而；却 He didn't reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room. She said nothing, preferring instead to save her comments till later. The authorities used quiet persuasion instead of the big stick. He wanted to decide for himself instead of blindly following his parents' advice. Water companies should concentrate on reducing waste instead of building new reservoirs.
secondly 第二；其次 You need, firstly, a strong independent board of directors and secondly, an experienced and dedicated staff. Secondly, urban planning must closely related with the environment. Secondly, adjust the industrial structure and change economic growth pattern.
anymore 再也不；不再 They've changed a lot of the old street names, and people can't find their way anymore. My main complaint is that we can't go out on the racecourse anymore. It was a rude awakening to learn after I left home that I wasn't so special anymore.
perhaps 可能；大概；也许 I would love to go abroad this year, perhaps to the South of France. Perhaps I shouldn't say that — I might get into trouble. If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week. Perhaps it would be better if you came back tomorrow.
非粗体词
look through 快速查看；浏览 Peter starts looking through the mail as soon as the door shuts. Open a magazine or a newspaper, look through the Internet, and it's usually the same. If you look through the window you can see the garden. We need to look through all your employee records. You have to look through these papers before the class is over.
big deal 重要的事 I felt the pressure on me, winning was such a big deal for the whole family. Even the addition of images was a big deal when first introduced.
work out 成功地发展；解决 Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise. It is proving hard to work out the value of bankrupt firms' assets. She's full of good intentions but they rarely work out. Let's be practical and work out the cost first. It doesn't take much brain to work out that both stories can't be true.
get on with 和睦相处;关系良好 She found it difficult to get on with her, possibly because of the difference in their ages. Now that the work has been divided up, let each one get on with his own job. There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it. What are your neighbors like Do you get on with them
cut out 删除；删去 Cut out this article and show it to your bank manager. He could also have cut out much of the repetition and thus saved many pages. Before we get the book printed, you'll have to cut out the second part. It would be wiser to cut out all alcohol during pregnancy.
in one’s opinion 依...看 In my opinion, traveling is the best way to broaden our horizons and gain new perspective on life. In her opinion, reading is the key to unlocking new knowledge and expanding our imagination. In their opinion, teamwork and collaboration are the cornerstones of a successful and thriving workplace. In his opinion, music has the power to heal and uplift the soul, making it an essential part of everyday life.

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