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高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（现代化产业类）
单词详解
1. technology /tek n l d i/ (n.) 技术，工艺
例句: Modern technology has greatly improved the efficiency of industrial production. (现代技术极大地提高了工业生产的效率。)
同义词: technique, science, skill
反义词: tradition, outdated methods
搭配: advanced technology (先进技术), information technology (信息技术), develop new technologies (开发新技术)
拓展词组: technological advancement (技术进步), technological revolution (技术革命)
易错点拨: technology 是不可数名词，指技术的总称，不要说 "a technology".
辨析例句: Technology refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge, while science focuses on the theoretical understanding of the natural world. (技术是指科学知识的实际应用，而科学则侧重于对自然世界的理论理解。)
2. industry / nd stri/ (n.) 工业，产业
例句: The automobile industry is a major driver of economic growth. (汽车工业是经济增长的主要动力。)
同义词: manufacturing, production, business
反义词: agriculture, service sector
搭配: heavy industry (重工业), light industry (轻工业), industrial development (工业发展)
拓展词组: industrial revolution (工业革命), industrial park (工业园区)
易错点拨: industry 是可数名词，指具体的行业或产业，例如 "the steel industry".
辨析例句: Industry refers to the production of goods, while business encompasses a wider range of activities including trade and services. (工业是指商品的生产，而商业则涵盖更广泛的活动，包括贸易和服务。)
3. digital / d d tl/ (adj.) 数字的，数码的
例句: Digital technology has transformed the way we communicate and access information. (数字技术改变了我们沟通和获取信息的方式。)
同义词: electronic, computerized, numerical
反义词: analog, traditional
搭配: digital economy (数字经济), digital transformation (数字化转型), digital device (数字设备)
拓展词组: digital revolution (数字革命), digital literacy (数字素养)
易错点拨: digital 作形容词使用，不要说 "a digital".
辨析例句: Digital signals are discrete and represented by binary code, while analog signals are continuous and vary smoothly. (数字信号是离散的，由二进制代码表示，而模拟信号是连续的，平滑变化。)
4. information / nf me n/ (n.) 信息
例句: Access to accurate and timely information is crucial for businesses to make informed decisions. (获取准确及时的信息对于企业做出明智的决策至关重要。)
同义词: data, knowledge, news
反义词: ignorance, misinformation
搭配: information technology (信息技术), information age (信息时代), share information (分享信息)
拓展词组: information overload (信息超载), information security (信息安全)
易错点拨: information 是不可数名词，不要说 "an information".
辨析例句: Information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, while data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures. (信息是经过处理的数据，有意义且相关，而数据是指未经处理的事实和数字。)
5. computer /k m pju t (r)/ (n.) 计算机，电脑
例句: Computers play a vital role in modern industry, from design and manufacturing to data analysis and automation. (从设计和制造到数据分析和自动化，计算机在现代工业中发挥着至关重要的作用。)
同义词: PC, laptop, desktop
搭配: computer science (计算机科学), computer technology (计算机技术), use a computer (使用电脑)
拓展词组: computer network (计算机网络), computer program (计算机程序)
易错点拨: computer 是可数名词，指具体的计算机设备，例如 "a personal computer".
串记例句: Computers compute complex calculations, making them indispensable tools in various industries. (计算机进行复杂的计算，使其成为各行各业不可或缺的工具。)
6. software / s ftwe (r)/ (n.) 软件
例句: Advanced software is essential for operating complex machinery and automating production processes. (先进的软件对于操作复杂机器和自动化生产过程至关重要。)
同义词: program, application, system
搭配: computer software (计算机软件), develop software (开发软件), install software (安装软件)
拓展词组: software engineer (软件工程师), software development (软件开发)
易错点拨: software 是不可数名词，不要说 "a software".
辨析例句: Software provides instructions for the computer hardware, while hardware refers to the physical components of the computer system. (软件为计算机硬件提供指令，而硬件是指计算机系统的物理组件。)
7. network / netw k/ (n.) 网络
例句: Businesses rely on secure and reliable networks to connect with customers and partners around the world. (企业依靠安全可靠的网络与世界各地的客户和合作伙伴联系。)
同义词: system, web, connection
搭配: computer network (计算机网络), social network (社交网络), network infrastructure (网络基础设施)
拓展词组: network security (网络安全), network administrator (网络管理员)
易错点拨: network 可以指具体的网络系统，也可以指抽象的网络关系，例如人际网络。
串记例句: Networks connect numerous nodes, facilitating communication and collaboration in the digital age. (网络连接众多节点，促进了数字时代的沟通与协作。)
8. database / de t be s/ (n.) 数据库
例句: Companies store and manage vast amounts of data in databases to analyze trends and make informed decisions. (公司在数据库中存储和管理大量数据，以分析趋势并做出明智的决策。)
同义词: data bank, information repository
搭配: build a database (建立数据库), access a database (访问数据库), manage a database (管理数据库)
拓展词组: database management system (数据库管理系统), database administrator (数据库管理员)
易错点拨: database 通常指电子化的数据库，而非传统的纸质档案。
辨析例句: A database is an organized collection of structured data, while a data warehouse stores large amounts of data for analysis and reporting purposes. (数据库是有组织的结构化数据集合，而数据仓库则存储大量数据以进行分析和报告。)
9. robot / r b t/ (n.) 机器人
例句: Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks with high precision and efficiency. (机器人越来越多地用于制造业，以高精度和高效率执行重复性任务。)
同义词: automaton, android, machine
搭配: industrial robots (工业机器人), service robots (服务机器人), robot technology (机器人技术)
拓展词组: robotic arm (机械手臂), robotic surgery (机器人手术)
易错点拨: robot 指的是可编程的自动化机器，不要与一般的机器混淆。
串记例句: Robots replicate human actions with robotics, revolutionizing industries like manufacturing and healthcare. (机器人利用机器人技术复制人类动作，革新了制造业和医疗保健等行业。)
10. microcomputer / ma kr k m pju t / (n.) 微型计算机
例句: Microcomputers have become ubiquitous in modern society, powering everything from personal devices to industrial control systems. (微型计算机在现代社会无处不在，为从个人设备到工业控制系统的一切提供动力。)
同义词: personal computer, PC, laptop
搭配: use a microcomputer (使用微型计算机), networked microcomputers (联网的微型计算机)
拓展词组: microcomputer technology (微型计算机技术)
易错点拨: microcomputer 是指小型计算机，例如个人电脑，与大型计算机(mainframe computer) 区分开。
辨析例句: A microcomputer is a small, single-user computer, while a mainframe computer is a large, powerful computer that can serve multiple users simultaneously. (微型计算机是指小型、单用户计算机，而大型计算机是指大型、功能强大的计算机，可以同时服务于多个用户。)
11. microwave /'ma kr we v/ (n.) 微波，微波炉
例句: Microwave technology is used in communication systems, radar, and even kitchen appliances. (微波技术用于通信系统、雷达，甚至厨房电器。)
搭配: microwave oven (微波炉), microwave radiation (微波辐射), microwave communication (微波通信)
拓展词组: microwave technology (微波技术), microwave engineer (微波工程师)
易错点拨: microwave 作名词使用时，可以指微波，也可以指微波炉，根据语境判断。
串记例句: Microwaves cook food with electromagnetic waves, revolutionizing food preparation in modern kitchens. (微波炉利用电磁波烹饪食物，革新了现代厨房的食物制备方式。)
12. laser / le z / (n.) 激光，激光器
例句: Lasers are used in precision manufacturing, medical procedures, and even entertainment displays. (激光用于精密制造、医疗程序，甚至娱乐展示。)
搭配: laser technology (激光技术), laser cutting (激光切割), laser surgery (激光手术)
拓展词组: laser printer (激光打印机), laser pointer (激光笔)
易错点拨: laser 是可数名词，指具体的激光设备。
辨析例句: Lasers emit a focused beam of light, while ordinary light sources emit light in all directions. (激光发射的是一束聚焦的光，而普通光源则向四面八方发射光。)
13. nuclear / nju kli / (adj.) 核的，核能的
例句: Nuclear power is a controversial source of energy due to safety concerns and the disposal of radioactive waste. (由于安全问题和放射性废物的处理，核能是一种有争议的能源。)
搭配: nuclear power plant (核电站), nuclear energy (核能), nuclear technology (核技术)
拓展词组: nuclear fission (核裂变), nuclear fusion (核聚变)
易错点拨: nuclear 主要指与原子核相关的技术或能量，不要与 "nucleus" (细胞核) 混淆。
串记例句: Nuclear reactions release tremendous energy, making nuclear power a potential alternative to fossil fuels. (核反应释放出巨大的能量，使核能成为化石燃料的潜在替代品。)
14. manufacture / m nj f kt / (vt.) 制造，加工
例句: The company manufactures high-quality electronic components for the automotive industry. (该公司为汽车行业制造高质量的电子元件。)
同义词: produce, build, fabricate
搭配: mass manufacture (大规模生产), manufacture goods (制造商品), manufacturing process (制造过程)
拓展词组: manufacturing industry (制造业), manufacturing plant (制造工厂)
易错点拨: manufacture 强调批量生产或工业化生产，与手工制作 (craft) 区分开。
辨析例句: Manufacturing involves the production of goods on a large scale using machinery and technology, while crafting refers to the creation of unique or customized items often by hand. (制造是指使用机器和技术大规模生产商品，而手工艺是指手工制作独特的或定制的物品。)
15. factory / f kt ri/ (n.) 工厂，制造厂
例句: The company has built a new factory to meet the growing demand for its products. (该公司新建了一家工厂，以满足对其产品日益增长的需求。)
同义词: plant, mill, workshop
搭配: modern factory (现代化工厂), automobile factory (汽车工厂), work in a factory (在工厂工作)
拓展词组: factory worker (工厂工人), factory automation (工厂自动化)
易错点拨: factory 指进行工业生产的建筑物或场所，例如 "a car factory".
串记例句: Factories facilitate mass production, enabling the efficient creation of goods for a wide market. (工厂促进了大规模生产，能够为广阔的市场高效地创造商品。)
16. machine /m i n/ (n.) 机器，机械
例句: The invention of the steam engine revolutionized industrial production and transportation. (蒸汽机的发明彻底改变了工业生产和运输方式。)
同义词: apparatus, device, mechanism
搭配: operate a machine (操作机器), heavy machinery (重型机械), machine learning (机器学习)
拓展词组: machine tool (机床), machine operator (机器操作员)
易错点拨: machine 指由多个部件组成的机械装置，用来完成特定的任务。
辨析例句: A machine is a device that uses energy to perform work, while a tool is a simple device used by hand to perform a task. (机器是利用能量做功的装置，而工具是手工使用的简单装置来完成任务。)
17. engine / end n/ (n.) 发动机，引擎
例句: The car's engine provides the power to propel it forward. (汽车的发动机提供向前推进的动力。)
同义词: motor, power unit
搭配: internal combustion engine (内燃机), jet engine (喷气发动机), start the engine (启动发动机)
拓展词组: engine failure (发动机故障), engine oil (发动机油)
易错点拨: engine 特指产生动力的机械装置，例如汽车发动机、飞机发动机。
串记例句: Engines generate energy, enabling machines and vehicles to function effectively. (发动机产生能量，使机器和车辆能够有效地运转。)
18. construction /k n str k n/ (n.) 建设，建筑物
例句: The construction of a new high-speed railway is underway to connect major cities and promote economic development. (正在建设一条新的高速铁路，以连接主要城市并促进经济发展。)
同义词: building, erection, development
搭配: under construction (正在建设中), construction site (建筑工地), construction industry (建筑行业)
拓展词组: construction worker (建筑工人), construction materials (建筑材料)
易错点拨: construction 既可以指建设的行为，也可以指建设的结果，例如建筑物。
辨析例句: Construction refers to the process of building or assembling structures, while architecture focuses on the design and aesthetics of buildings. (建设是指建造或组装结构的过程，而建筑则侧重于建筑的设计和美学。)
19. production /pr d k n/ (n.) 生产
例句: The factory has increased its production to meet the rising demand for its products. (工厂增加了产量，以满足对其产品不断增长的需求。)
同义词: manufacturing, output, creation
搭配: mass production (大规模生产), industrial production (工业生产), production line (生产线)
拓展词组: production cost (生产成本), production efficiency (生产效率)
易错点拨: production 指的是生产商品或服务的活动，是不可数名词。
串记例句: Production processes involve transforming raw materials into finished goods, contributing to economic growth. (生产过程包括将原材料转化为成品，为经济增长做出贡献。)
20. product / pr d kt/ (n.) 产品，成果
例句: The company's latest product is a smartphone with advanced features and a sleek design. (该公司最新的产品是一款功能先进、设计时尚的智能手机。)
同义词: goods, merchandise, output
搭配: high-quality products (高质量产品), new product development (新产品开发), market a product (产品营销)
拓展词组: product design (产品设计), product manager (产品经理)
易错点拨: product 是可数名词，指具体的商品或服务，例如 "a new product".
辨析例句: A product is something that is created through a process, while a service is an intangible action that benefits a customer. (产品是通过一个过程创造出来的东西，而服务是一种无形的行为，使客户受益。)
21. material /m t ri l/ (n.) 材料，原料
例句: The construction industry relies on a variety of materials such as steel, concrete, and wood. (建筑行业依赖于各种各样的材料，如钢材、混凝土和木材。)
同义词: substance, element, component
搭配: raw materials (原材料), building materials (建筑材料), eco-friendly materials (环保材料)
拓展词组: material science (材料科学), material properties (材料特性)
易错点拨: material 可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，根据语境判断。
辨析例句: Materials are the substances used to make something, while resources are the available supplies of materials or other assets. (材料是用来制造东西的物质，而资源则是可用材料或其他资产的供应。)
22. equipment / kw pm nt/ (n.) 设备
例句: Modern factories are equipped with advanced machinery and automation systems to improve efficiency and productivity. (现代工厂配备了先进的机械和自动化系统，以提高效率和生产力。)
同义词: apparatus, machinery, tools
搭配: industrial equipment (工业设备), medical equipment (医疗设备), heavy equipment (重型设备)
拓展词组: equipment maintenance (设备维护), equipment operator (设备操作员)
易错点拨: equipment 是不可数名词，指设备的总称，不要说 "an equipment".
串记例句: Equipment empowers workers, enhancing their capabilities and productivity in various industries. (设备赋能工人，提高他们在各行各业的能力和生产力。)
23. tool /tu l/ (n.) 工具，用具
例句: Skilled workers use specialized tools to perform their tasks with precision and accuracy. (熟练的工人使用专用工具来精确地完成他们的任务。)
同义词: instrument, implement, utensil
搭配: hand tools (手工工具), power tools (电动工具), use a tool (使用工具)
拓展词组: tool kit (工具箱), toolmaker (工具制造商)
易错点拨: tool 是可数名词，指具体的工具或用具，例如 "a hammer".
辨析例句: A tool is a simple device used to perform a task, while a machine is a complex device that uses energy to perform work. (工具是用来完成任务的简单装置，而机器是使用能量做功的复杂装置。)
24. skilled /sk ld/ (adj.) 熟练的，有技能的
例句: Skilled workers are in high demand in industries that require specialized knowledge and expertise. (在需要专业知识和技能的行业中，熟练工人需求量很大。)
同义词: experienced, trained, qualified
反义词: unskilled, inexperienced, untrained
搭配: skilled labor (熟练劳动力), skilled technician (熟练技工), skilled worker (技术工人)
拓展词组: skill development (技能开发), skills training (技能培训)
易错点拨: skilled 作形容词使用，修饰人或工作，例如 "a skilled worker".
串记例句: Skilled professionals skillfully apply their knowledge and expertise to contribute to the growth and success of various industries. (熟练的专业人士熟练地运用他们的知识和专业技能，为各行各业的增长和成功做出贡献。)
25. economy / k n mi/ (n.) 经济
例句: A strong and stable economy is essential for job creation and improving living standards. (强劲稳定的经济对于创造就业机会和提高生活水平至关重要。)
同义词: financial system, market
搭配: global economy (全球经济), national economy (国民经济), economic growth (经济增长)
拓展词组: economic development (经济发展), economic policy (经济政策)
易错点拨: economy 是不可数名词，指经济体系或经济状况的总称，不要说 "an economy".
辨析例句: The economy refers to the system of production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services, while the market is a place where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services. (经济是指商品和服务的生产、消费和分配系统，而市场是买卖双方交换商品和服务的地方。)
26. trade /tre d/ (n.) 贸易，交易
例句: International trade plays a vital role in the global economy, connecting countries and promoting economic growth. (国际贸易在全球经济中发挥着至关重要的作用，连接各国并促进经济增长。)
同义词: commerce, exchange, business
搭配: free trade (自由贸易), international trade (国际贸易), trade agreement (贸易协定)
拓展词组: trade war (贸易战), trade deficit (贸易逆差)
易错点拨: trade 可以指具体的贸易行为，也可以指抽象的贸易关系。
辨析例句: Trade refers to the exchange of goods and services, while commerce encompasses a broader range of activities including trade, transportation, and communication. (贸易是指商品和服务的交换，而商业则涵盖更广泛的活动，包括贸易、运输和通信。)
27. market / mɑ k t/ (n.) 市场
例句: Businesses need to understand the market demand for their products and services to remain competitive. (企业需要了解市场对其产品和服务的需求，才能保持竞争力。)
同义词: marketplace, exchange, economy
搭配: global market (全球市场), target market (目标市场), market research (市场调查)
拓展词组: market share (市场份额), market analysis (市场分析)
易错点拨: market 可以指具体的市场场所，例如农贸市场，也可以指抽象的市场体系，例如股票市场。
串记例句: Markets match supply and demand, facilitating the exchange of goods and services and driving economic activity. (市场匹配供需，促进商品和服务的交换，并推动经济活动。)
28. business / b zn s/ (n.) 商业，企业
例句: The company is expanding its business operations into new markets overseas. (该公司正在将其业务拓展到海外新市场。)
同义词: company, enterprise, firm
搭配: start a business (创业), run a business (经营企业), business management (企业管理)
拓展词组: business plan (商业计划), business model (商业模式)
易错点拨: business 是可数名词，指具体的商业实体，例如 "a small business".
辨析例句: Business refers to the organized activities of individuals or groups to produce and sell goods and services, while industry focuses on the production of goods within a specific sector. (商业是指个人或团体有组织的活动，以生产和销售商品和服务，而工业则侧重于特定部门内商品的生产。)
29. finance /f n ns, fa n ns/ (n.) 财政，金融
例句: Access to finance is crucial for businesses to invest in new technologies and expand their operations. (获得融资对于企业投资新技术和扩大经营至关重要。)
同义词: funding, capital, investment
搭配: financial market (金融市场), financial institution (金融机构), financial services (金融服务)
拓展词组: financial management (财务管理), financial crisis (金融危机)
易错点拨: finance 是不可数名词，指资金或资金管理的总称，不要说 "a finance".
串记例句: Finance fuels innovation, providing the necessary capital for businesses to develop new technologies and products. (金融为创新提供动力，为企业开发新技术和产品提供必要的资金。)
30. investment / n vestm nt/ (n.) 投资
例句: The government is encouraging foreign investment to boost economic growth and create jobs. (政府鼓励外国投资，以促进经济增长和创造就业机会。)
同义词: funding, capital, expenditure
搭配: foreign investment (外国投资), private investment (私人投资), investment strategy (投资策略)
拓展词组: investment return (投资回报), investment risk (投资风险)
易错点拨: investment 可以指投资的行为，也可以指投资的对象，例如投资项目。
辨析例句: Investment is the act of allocating resources with the expectation of generating future income or profit, while expenditure refers to the act of spending money. (投资是分配资源以期产生未来收入或利润的行为，而支出是指花钱的行为。)
31. development /d vel pm nt/ (n.) 发展
例句: Sustainable development is crucial for ensuring economic growth while protecting the environment for future generations. (可持续发展对于确保经济增长的同时，保护环境造福子孙后代至关重要。)
同义词: growth, progress, advancement
搭配: economic development (经济发展), technological development (技术发展), sustainable development (可持续发展)
拓展词组: development plan (发展计划), development strategy (发展战略)
易错点拨: development 是不可数名词，指发展变化的进程，不要说 "a development".
辨析例句: Development implies positive change or progress, while growth refers to an increase in size or quantity. (发展意味着积极的变化或进步，而增长是指规模或数量的增加。)
32. income / k m/ (n.) 收入，所得
例句: Rising incomes have led to an increase in consumer spending and economic growth. (收入的增长导致了消费者支出和经济增长的增加。)
同义词: earnings, revenue, salary
搭配: personal income (个人收入), household income (家庭收入), national income (国民收入)
拓展词组: income tax (所得税), income inequality (收入不平等)
易错点拨: income 是不可数名词，指收入的总称，不要说 "an income".
串记例句: Increased income incentivizes individuals, driving consumer spending and contributing to overall economic growth. (收入的增加激励了个人，推动了消费支出，并促进了整体经济增长。)
33. profit / pr f t/ (n.) 利润
例句: Businesses aim to maximize profits while minimizing costs to ensure long-term sustainability. (企业目标是在最大限度地提高利润的同时，最大限度地降低成本，以确保长期可持续发展。)
同义词: gain, earnings, return
搭配: make a profit (盈利), increase profits (增加利润), profit margin (利润率)
拓展词组: profit sharing (利润分享), profit and loss statement (损益表)
易错点拨: profit 是不可数名词，指盈利或收益的总称，不要说 "a profit".
辨析例句: Profit is the financial gain resulting from a business transaction, while revenue is the total amount of income generated from sales. (利润是指商业交易产生的财务收益，而收入是指销售产生的总收入。)
34. tax /t ks/ (n.) 税，税款
例句: Taxes are an important source of government revenue, funding public services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. (税收是政府收入的重要来源，为教育、医疗保健和基础设施等公共服务提供资金。)
同义词: duty, levy, tariff
搭配: income tax (所得税), sales tax (销售税), property tax (财产税)
拓展词组: tax rate (税率), tax burden (税负)
易错点拨: tax 可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，根据语境判断。
串记例句: Taxes contribute to the common good, funding essential public services and infrastructure development. (税收有助于公共利益，为基本公共服务和基础设施发展提供资金。)
练习：
一、词汇选择填空 (15分)
根据句意和词性，从下列词汇中选择合适的选项填空，每个词汇只能使用一次。
technology, industry, digital, information, computer, software, network, database, robot, microcomputer, microwave, laser, nuclear, manufacture, factory
1.The _________ industry is a major contributor to the country's economic growth.
2.The company is investing heavily in research and development of new _________ .
3._________ technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and access _________.
4._________ are used in factories to automate repetitive tasks and improve efficiency.
5.A _________ is a powerful tool that can be used for a variety of tasks, from word processing to data analysis.
6.The _________ oven is a convenient appliance for heating food quickly.
7._________ power is a controversial energy source due to safety concerns and the disposal of radioactive waste.
8.The company _________ high-quality products that are exported all over the world.
9.The factory has a large _________ of skilled workers.
10.A _________ is a complex system of interconnected computers and devices.
11.Lasers are used in precision _________ and medical procedures.
12.The company stores its customer information in a secure _________.
13._________ skills are essential for success in many modern industries.
14.A _________ is a small, personal computer that can be used for a variety of tasks.
15.The company is developing new _________ to improve the performance of its products.
二、根据中文提示完成句子 (10分)
使用所学词汇的正确形式完成句子，每空一词。
这台机器由电力驱动。(operate)
__________________________________________________________________
政府正在鼓励外国投资以促进经济增长。(encourage, investment)
__________________________________________________________________
这些数据将被输入数据库。(input, database)
__________________________________________________________________
这家工厂生产各种各样的产品。(manufacture)
__________________________________________________________________
她正在使用显微镜观察样本。(microscope)
__________________________________________________________________
三、同义词替换 (5分)
用所给词汇的同义词替换句子中的划线部分，使句子意思保持不变。
The company is investing in cutting-edge technology. (advanced)
__________________________________________________________________
The workforce is highly skilled and motivated. (employees)
__________________________________________________________________
The government is committed to promoting sustainable economic growth. (long-term)
__________________________________________________________________
Trade barriers can hinder economic development. (restrictions)
__________________________________________________________________
The company has a strong reputation for quality and innovation. (image)
__________________________________________________________________
四、句子翻译 (10分)
将下列句子翻译成英文。
数字化转型是现代化产业体系建设的重要组成部分。
人工智能技术正在迅速发展，并应用于各个领域。
我们应该加大对基础研究的投入，提升自主创新能力。
这家公司致力于开发环保产品，减少对环境的影响。
技术进步为经济发展提供了强大的动力。
五、阅读理解
（一）
In recent years, China's new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has experienced rapid growth, becoming the world's largest NEV market. In 2022, sales of NEVs in China reached 6.887 million units, a year-on-year increase of 93.4%, with a market share of 25.6%. This rise can be attributed to a combination of factors, including policy support, technological advancements, and increasing market demand.
Policy support has been a crucial driving force behind the development of China's NEV industry. The Chinese government has implemented a series of policies to encourage NEV adoption, such as purchase subsidies, tax breaks, and preferential access to roads. These measures have effectively reduced the cost of purchasing and using NEVs, stimulating market demand. Additionally, the government has increased investment in NEV infrastructure, including charging stations and battery swapping stations, providing convenient conditions for wider adoption.
Technological advancements have been at the core of China's NEV industry's progress. Chinese companies have made significant breakthroughs in key technologies such as batteries, electric motors, and electronic control systems, enhancing the performance and competitiveness of NEVs. For example, BYD's Blade Battery and CATL's Qilin Battery boast industry-leading energy density, safety, and lifespan. Furthermore, Chinese companies are actively exploring autonomous driving and intelligent connectivity, pushing NEVs towards a future of intelligence and interconnectedness.
Market demand serves as the fundamental driving force behind the growth of China's NEV industry. With increasing environmental awareness and rising fuel prices, consumer demand for NEVs is continuously growing. Chinese NEV companies are consistently introducing products that cater to evolving consumer preferences, such as models with longer driving ranges, faster charging speeds, and higher levels of intelligence, gaining significant popularity among consumers.
The rise of China's NEVs not only promotes the transformation and upgrade of China's automotive industry but also contributes to global green development. Looking ahead, China's NEV industry is poised for further expansion and innovation, playing a vital role in shaping the future of transportation and sustainable development.
1.What is the primary reason for the rapid growth of China's NEV industry
(A) Rising fuel prices.
(B) Government subsidies.
(C) A combination of factors including policy, technology, and market demand.
(D) Increased environmental awareness.
2.How has the Chinese government supported the development of the NEV industry
(A) By investing in research and development of new energy technologies.
(B) By imposing strict regulations on traditional gasoline vehicles.
(C) By implementing policies that encourage NEV adoption and infrastructure development.
(D) By partnering with foreign companies to import advanced NEV technology.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key technological advancement in China's NEV industry
(A) Battery technology.
(B) Electric motor technology.
(C) Internal combustion engine technology.
(D) Electronic control systems.
4.What is the main reason for the increasing consumer demand for NEVs
(A) The desire for more luxurious and expensive vehicles.
(B) The increasing availability of charging infrastructure.
(C) A growing concern for the environment and rising fuel costs.
(D) Government mandates requiring the purchase of NEVs.
5.What is the future outlook for China's NEV industry
(A) Stagnation due to market saturation.
(B) Continued expansion and innovation.
(C) A decline due to competition from foreign manufacturers.
(D) Uncertainty due to changing government policies.
（二）
The digital age has ushered in a new era of interconnectedness and convenience, with data serving as the lifeblood of modern society. From online transactions and social media interactions to healthcare records and government databases, data permeates every aspect of our lives. While the benefits of data are undeniable, its increasing ubiquity also raises concerns about data security and privacy.
Data breaches and cyberattacks pose significant threats to individuals, businesses, and governments alike. The consequences of a data breach can be devastating, including financial losses, reputational damage, and even national security risks. Therefore, ensuring data security has become a top priority in the digital age.
Several key principles underpin effective data security practices. First, data encryption is essential for protecting sensitive information by converting it into an unreadable format that can only be deciphered with the correct decryption key. Second, access control measures are crucial for limiting access to data to authorized individuals and preventing unauthorized access or modification. Third, regular backups are vital for ensuring data availability and recovery in the event of a system failure or cyberattack. Additionally, user education and awareness play a critical role in promoting responsible data handling practices and mitigating risks.
Governments and organizations worldwide are implementing various measures to strengthen data security. These measures include enacting data protection laws and regulations, establishing cybersecurity agencies, and promoting industry best practices. Furthermore, technological advancements such as artificial intelligence and blockchain are being explored to enhance data security and privacy protection.
1.What is the main idea of the passage
(A) Data is essential for modern society, but its security and privacy must be protected.
(B) Data breaches are becoming increasingly common and pose significant threats.
(C) Governments and organizations are failing to adequately protect data.
(D) Technological advancements are the only solution to data security challenges.
2.What is data encryption
(A) A method for compressing data to save storage space.
(B) A technique for converting data into an unreadable format to protect it from unauthorized access.
(C) A process for deleting data permanently.
(D) A system for backing up data to prevent data loss.
3.What is the purpose of access control measures
(A) To ensure that data is encrypted using strong encryption algorithms.
(B) To limit access to data to authorized individuals.
(C) To recover lost or corrupted data.
(D) To educate users about data security risks.
4.What is the role of user education and awareness in data security
(A) To develop new technologies for data protection.
(B) To implement data protection laws and regulations.
(C) To promote responsible data handling practices and mitigate risks.
(D) To investigate and prosecute cybercriminals.
5.What are some of the measures being taken to strengthen data security
(A) Enacting data protection laws, establishing cybersecurity agencies, and promoting industry best practices.
(B) Banning the use of social media and online transactions.
(C) Relying solely on technological advancements to protect data.
(D) Ignoring data security threats to promote economic growth.
（三）
The C919, a large passenger aircraft developed by the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC), signifies a new era for China's aviation industry. As China's first domestically developed large jet airliner in accordance with international airworthiness standards and with independent intellectual property rights, the C919 fills a gap in China's civil aviation sector and showcases the country's continuous progress in high-end manufacturing.
The design and manufacturing of the C919 represent the culmination of years of technological accumulation and innovation within China's aviation industry. The aircraft incorporates advanced aerodynamic design, lightweight composite materials, and efficient engines, making it comparable to international counterparts in terms of fuel efficiency, range, and passenger comfort. Additionally, the C919 is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics and flight control systems, ensuring safety and reliability during flight operations.
The successful development of the C919 has driven the comprehensive upgrade of China's aviation industry chain. From basic materials and component manufacturing to fuselage assembly and systems integration, the C919 project has fostered the collaborative development of all aspects of the aviation industry chain. Moreover, the C919's research and development have also propelled the cultivation of aviation talent, laying a solid foundation for the future growth of China's aviation industry.
The C919 has a promising market outlook. As one of the world's largest civil aviation markets, China has a strong demand for large passenger aircraft. With its excellent performance and cost advantages, the C919 will effectively meet the needs of domestic airlines and gradually expand into the international market, contributing to the development of China's civil aviation industry and enhancing its global competitiveness.
1.What is the main significance of the C919 for China's aviation industry
(A) It marks China's entry into the space exploration industry.
(B) It fills a gap in China's civil aviation sector and showcases advancements in high-end manufacturing.
(C) It establishes China as the world's leading exporter of commercial aircraft.
(D) It signifies a shift from military to civilian aircraft production in China.
2.What design features contribute to the C919's efficiency and performance
(A) Use of traditional aluminum alloys and outdated engine technology.
(B) Advanced aerodynamic design, lightweight composite materials, and efficient engines.
(C) Reliance on imported components and technology from foreign manufacturers.
(D) Focus on luxury amenities and passenger entertainment systems.
3.How has the development of the C919 impacted China's aviation industry chain
(A) It has led to a decline in domestic aircraft manufacturing capabilities.
(B) It has fostered the collaborative development and upgrade of all aspects of the industry chain.
(C) It has resulted in increased dependence on foreign technology and expertise.
(D) It has limited opportunities for innovation and talent development.
4.What is the market outlook for the C919
(A) Limited to domestic airlines within China.
(B) Primarily focused on low-cost carriers in developing countries.
(C) Facing significant challenges due to competition and lack of international certifications.
(D) Promising, with potential for both domestic and international expansion.
5.What is the main purpose of this passage
(A) To compare the C919 to other large passenger aircraft.
(B) To highlight the challenges faced by China's aviation industry.
(C) To emphasize the importance of international collaboration in aircraft development.
(D) To showcase the C919 as a symbol of China's progress in aviation and high-end manufacturing.
参考答案：
一、词汇选择填空
industry (工业是经济增长的主要贡献者。)
technologies (公司正在大力投资研发新技术。)
Digital, information (数字技术彻底改变了我们沟通和获取信息的方式。)
Robots (机器人被用于工厂中，以自动化重复性任务并提高效率。)
computer (计算机是一个功能强大的工具，可用于各种任务，从文字处理到数据分析。)
microwave (微波炉是一种方便的电器，可快速加热食物。)
Nuclear (由于安全问题和放射性废物的处理，核能是一种有争议的能源。)
manufactures (该公司生产高质量的产品，并出口到世界各地。)
factory (这家工厂拥有大量熟练工人。)
network (网络是由相互连接的计算机和设备组成的复杂系统。)
manufacturing (激光用于精密制造和医疗程序。)
database (该公司将其客户信息存储在一个安全的数据库中。)
Technical (技术技能对于许多现代行业的成功至关重要。)
microcomputer (微型计算机是一种小型个人电脑，可用于各种任务。)
software (该公司正在开发新的软件，以提高其产品的性能。)
二、根据中文提示完成句子
This machine is operated by electricity.
The government is encouraging foreign investment to boost economic growth.
These data will be input into the database.
This factory manufactures a wide range of products.
She is observing the sample through a microscope.
三、同义词替换
The company is investing in advanced technology.
The employees are highly skilled and motivated.
The government is committed to promoting long-term economic growth.
Trade restrictions can hinder economic development.
The company has a strong image for quality and innovation.
四、句子翻译
Digital transformation is an essential part of building a modern industrial system.
Artificial intelligence technology is developing rapidly and being applied in various fields.
We should increase investment in basic research to enhance our capacity for independent innovation.
The company is committed to developing environmentally friendly products to reduce its environmental impact.
Technological progress provides a powerful driving force for economic development.
五、阅读理解
（一）
(C) 政策支持、技术进步和市场需求等多方面因素共同推动。 / (C) A combination of factors including policy, technology, and market demand. (文章开头就指出中国新能源汽车的崛起得益于多方面因素的推动，包括政策支持、技术进步和市场需求。/ The passage states that "This rise can be attributed to a combination of factors, including policy support, technological advancements, and increasing market demand.")
(C) 实施鼓励新能源汽车应用和基础设施建设的政策。 / (C) By implementing policies that encourage NEV adoption and infrastructure development. (文章第二段详细阐述了中国政府为鼓励新能源汽车发展采取的一系列政策措施，如购置补贴、税收优惠、路权优先，以及加大对充电桩、换电站等基础设施的投入。/ The passage mentions several policies such as "purchase subsidies, tax breaks, and preferential access to roads" and increased investment in "charging stations and battery swapping stations.")
(C) 内燃机技术。 / (C) Internal combustion engine technology. (文章第三段重点介绍了中国企业在电池、电机、电控等核心技术方面的突破，并未提及内燃机技术。/ The passage focuses on advancements in batteries, electric motors, and electronic control systems.)
(C) 对环境的日益关注和不断上涨的油价。 / (C) A growing concern for the environment and rising fuel costs. (文章第四段指出随着环保意识的提升和油价的上涨，消费者对新能源汽车的需求不断增长。/ The passage states, "With increasing environmental awareness and rising fuel prices, consumer demand for NEVs is continuously growing.")
(B) 持续扩张和创新。 / (B) Continued expansion and innovation. (文章结尾展望了中国新能源汽车产业的未来，认为其将继续扩张和创新，并在交通和可持续发展方面发挥重要作用。/ The passage concludes by saying, "Looking ahead, China's NEV industry is poised for further expansion and innovation, playing a vital role in shaping the future of transportation and sustainable development.")
（二）
(A) 数据对现代社会至关重要，但必须保护其安全和隐私。 / (A) Data is essential for modern society, but its security and privacy must be protected. (文章强调数据在现代社会中的重要性，同时突出了数据泄露的威胁以及数据安全的需求。 / The passage emphasizes the importance of data in modern society while highlighting the threats of data breaches and the need for data security.)
(B) 一种将数据转换为不可读格式的技术，以防止未经授权的访问。 / (B) A technique for converting data into an unreadable format to protect it from unauthorized access. (文章将数据加密定义为“将其转换为不可读格式，只有使用正确的解密密钥才能解密”。 / The passage defines data encryption as "converting it into an unreadable format that can only be deciphered with the correct decryption key.")
(B) 限制只有授权人员才能访问数据。 / (B) To limit access to data to authorized individuals. (文章指出访问控制措施“对于限制只有授权人员才能访问数据并防止未经授权的访问或修改至关重要”。/ The passage states that access control measures are "crucial for limiting access to data to authorized individuals and preventing unauthorized access or modification.")
(C) 促进负责任的数据处理实践并降低风险。 / (C) To promote responsible data handling practices and mitigate risks. (文章提到“用户教育和意识”是数据安全的关键原则。/ The passage mentions "user education and awareness" as a key principle in data security.)
(A) 制定数据保护法律，设立网络安全机构，并推广行业最佳实践。 / (A) Enacting data protection laws, establishing cybersecurity agencies, and promoting industry best practices. (文章将这些列为加强数据安全所采取的具体措施的例子。/ The passage lists these as specific examples of measures being taken to strengthen data security.)
（三）
(B) 它填补了中国民用航空领域的空白，并展示了中国在高端制造领域的不断进步。 / (B) It fills a gap in China's civil aviation sector and showcases advancements in high-end manufacturing. (文章指出C919“填补了中国民用航空领域的空白，并展示了中国在高端制造领域的不断进步”。/ The passage states that the C919 "fills a gap in China's civil aviation sector and showcases the country's continuous progress in high-end manufacturing.")
(B) 先进的空气动力学设计、轻质复合材料和高效发动机。 / (B) Advanced aerodynamic design, lightweight composite materials, and efficient engines. (文章提到了这些具体的设计特点，这些特点有助于C919的效率和性能。/ The passage mentions these specific design features contributing to the C919's efficiency and performance.)
(B) 它促进了产业链各个方面的协同发展和升级。 / (B) It has fostered the collaborative development and upgrade of all aspects of the industry chain. (文章描述了C919项目如何推动“中国航空产业链的全面升级”，从材料到装配和系统集成。/ The passage describes how the C919 project has driven the "comprehensive upgrade of China's aviation industry chain" from materials to assembly and systems integration.)
(D) 前景光明，具有国内和国际扩张的潜力。 / (D) Promising, with potential for both domestic and international expansion. (文章讨论了中国对大型客机的强劲需求，以及C919拓展国际市场的潜力。/ The passage discusses the strong demand for large passenger aircraft in China and the C919's potential to expand into the international market.)
(D) 将C919展示为中国在航空和高端制造业取得进步的象征。 / (D) To showcase the C919 as a symbol of China's progress in aviation and high-end manufacturing. (文章强调了C919作为国产飞机的重要意义，其先进的技术，以及其对航空业的潜在影响。/ The passage highlights the C919's significance as a domestically developed aircraft, its advanced technology, and its potential impact on the aviation industry.)

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