资源简介

主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。
[观察思考]
①Actually，the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work，most of which takes place behind the scenes.
②These are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect.
③Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects.
④He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the ship for himself.
⑤They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment!
⑥Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg，what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film making.
[归纳用法]
英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况：
一、语法结构的一致
1．由连词and或both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。
Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam.汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。
注意：
(1)当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
(2)主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。
2．两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work.
所有人都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
3．在正式的文体中，由not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。there be句式也是如此。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come.
学生和老师都没来。
Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。
Either you or I am to blame.你或我该受责备。
There is a book and two pens on the desk.
书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。
二、意义一致原则
1．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two miles is too far for the child.
两英里的路程对这个小孩来说太远了。
2．集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体)
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)
3．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
The police are searching for the missing child.
警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
4．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing，each，the other，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。
5．代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。
None of them knows/know the answers.
他们中没有人知道答案。
None of the information about him has been received.
没收到一点关于他的消息。
6．专有名词作主语
表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
7．不定式、动词 ing形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting.如何解决这个问题将在会上讨论。
Whether he will help us doesn't matter too much.
他是否会帮我们关系不大。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。
三、名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
1．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
2．由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
This new type of buses is now on show.
(Buses of this new kind are now on show.)
现在正展出这种新型的公共汽车。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.
讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。
3．a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)和a group of(一群，一组)修饰名词复数形式作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。试比较：
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生数量很多。
A variety of toys are on sale in that shop.
那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。
The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.
那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。
4．a quantity of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海处抓了很多鱼。
5．“many a＋单数名词”和“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数。
Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree.
许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。
More than one student has passed the examination.
许多学生通过了考试。
6．(1)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
(2)在“one of＋复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词复数；the (only) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词单数。
This is one of the books which were written in French.
这是用法语写的书中的一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The teacher and writer is(be) respected by all the people.
2．Not only his friends，but also he himself is(be) looking forward to the meeting.
3．That our teacher is going to leave us makes(make) us disappointed.
4．The family have(have) different opinions about their going abroad.
5．This kind of shoes is(be) popular with young women.
6．A library with five thousand books is(be) offered to the nation as a gift.
7．The number of calories in different brands of drinks varies (vary) enormously.
8．Many a student has(have) made the same mistake since yesterday.
9．The Olympic Games are(be) held once every four years.
10．Neither my gloves nor my hat goes(go) with the dress.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Thirty years 1.is(be) not a long period in history，but every man and every woman 2.has changed(change) a lot in the past thirty years.When it comes to the development of China，none of us 3.doubt(s)(doubt) that either the surroundings or the policy 4.has benefited(benefit) us a great deal.With thirty years' development，China，along with its people，5.is standing(stand) higher on the stage of the world.Although there 6.exists(exist) an environmental problem and other ones，like housing and crimes，the public 7.has/have(have) a strong belief that tomorrow will be better.Whether we can realize our dream 8.depends(depend) on our own effort.To construct our country 9.is(be) a great honour，so not only you but also I 10.am(be) the one who should be devoted to making our country a splendid one.过去将来时
过去将来时态的基本构成：would ＋ v．(原形)，表示从过去某时开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中；也常可表示过去习惯性的动作(不管什么人称，都用would)。
[观察思考]
①They set off at 9 a．m.and would reach the airport an hour later.
②I was going to leave，but then it began to rain.
③He said he was to finish the work in a week.
④He was about to get on the bus when someone called him.
⑤Tom said that he was flying to Germany at five this afternoon.
[归纳用法]
1．过去将来时态的基本表达形式：would＋do
He hoped that they would meet again some day.
他希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
2．表示过去将来时的其他几种表达形式：
①was/were going to do，表示准备、计划做。
She said she was going to buy a new bike.
她说她打算买一辆新自行车。
②was/were about to do，表示即将发生的动作，不和表示时间段的状语连用。
The bus was about to start.
公共汽车马上就要开了。
③was/were to do，表示过去曾计划或安排要做。
The press conference was to be held the next week.
记者招待会将于下周举行。
④was/were doing仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如come，go，arrive，leave等。表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。
I didn't know when they were coming again.
我不知道他们什么时候再来。
⑤用某些动词的一般过去式形式表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。
They told me school began on September 1st.
他们告诉我9月1号开学。
3．was/were to do结构， was/were about to do结构以及was/were going to do结构的区别：
①was/were to do侧重受别人指示或安排要做；
②was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用；
③was/were going to do侧重说话人的意图或打算。
Mr.Smith said he was to take up the position.
史密斯先生说他要接任这个职务。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
He promised me he was going to write the article well.他答应我会把文章写好。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was going to speak(speak)at the meeting，but his heart attack prevented him.
2．They made up their minds that they would buy(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
3．She told me she was flying(fly) at 10 a．m. to Hong Kong the next day.
4．He hoped he would find(find) a job soon.
5．He told me he was to get(get) married the next week.
6．We spent the morning measuring up and deciding where the furniture would go (go).
7．Nobody knew what would happen (happen) after a hundred years.
8．She said that the meeting was about to begin(begin).
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Betty was born in Tibet，on August 27，2000.She 1.attended(attend) the government school near her home until she was eighteen.When she left school，she first went to Britain, from where she 2.would go/was going(go) to India soon to be trained as a teacher, and after training，she 3.was flying/was going to fly/would fly(fly) to Calcutta to teach geography at a school. However, she 4.was trained(train) to become a nurse in Calcutta，and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Now, many people slowly come to help her. Recently her work 5.has spread(spread) to other parts in the world. Many photos 6.have been taken(take) of her，as she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.I think she 7.will be given(give) the Nobel Prize in the future for her love and service that she 8.has given(give) to the poor.情态动词
情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to除外)；一般不能单独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare(dared)，need(needed)，ought to等。
[观察思考]
①Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part.
②I am sure all Chinese must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
③Naturally，after I tell her what to do，my daughter must do the opposite!
④You should apologize to Mary for your rude remarks.
⑤Mr.Green must be a teacher，isn't he
⑥He may come here by train，but I am not sure.
⑦Need I pay the whole amount now
⑧There has to be a reason for his strange behaviour.
[归纳用法]
1．can(could)
(1)表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。
You can tell the significance of climate change to us.
你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
[名师点津]　can表示能力的时候，还可以用be able to代替，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力，但不一定做了；而be able to表示不但具备这样的能力，而且经过努力做了。
Can you come to the party tomorrow
明天你能来参加聚会吗？
He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。
(2)表示请求许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning
—Yes，you can./No.I'm afraid not.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
(3)表示推测。
can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/could＋have＋过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。
It can't/couldn't be true.
那不可能是真的。
We could go there this summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那里。
(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会”。
The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.
上海冬季可能很冷。
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How can you be so careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀！
2．may(might)
(1)表示允许，might可以指过去，也可指现在，语气更委婉。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
[名师点津]　对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn't或can't。
—May I smoke here
—No，you mustn't./You'd better not.
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
——不，不可以。/你最好不要吸烟。
(2)表示可能。可以指过去，也可以指现在，但语气不肯定。
She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。
May both the bride and groom be happy!
祝新娘新郎幸福！
3．must(have to)
(1)must表示必须，没有时态变化；强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have to表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。mustn't表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn't have to，表示“不必”。have to可用于多种时态中。
My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor at midnight.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我必须半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that he must work hard.
他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
[名师点津]　回答must引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
—Must we hand in our exercise books now
—Yes，you must.(No，you needn't./No，you don't have to.)
——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
——是的，必须。(不，不必。)
(2)must表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
She's wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.
她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
(3)must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
Why must it rain on Sunday
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
4．shall
(1)表示征求意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some more tea
再来点茶好吗？
(2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall come on time.
你必须准时到。(命令)
He shall have the book when I finish reading it.
我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.
没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)
(3)shall用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事，意为“应，必须”。
No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.
未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
5．should
(1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”(某件事宜做)，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
(2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。
Amazing！You should wear slippers at work.
真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。
6．will(would)
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I will never do that again.
我决不会再做那种事了。
(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you pass me the book please
请你把书递给我好吗？
(3)will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。
He will sit up there all night.
他总是整夜坐在那儿。
I said I would do my best.
我表示过要尽最大努力。
[明辨异同]　used to，would
used to 指过去的动作或状态，着重与现在的对比，可以与过去时间状语连用
would 表示过去的情况，指过去的习惯性动作，不说明现在的情况
7.ought to
(1)表示职责和义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比should稍重。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.
你不应该抽这么多烟。
(2)表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，类似于should。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
韩梅应该知道他的电话号码。
8．need和dare
(1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。一般不用于肯定句，无第三人称单数形式。dare有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移至句首；构成否定句时，直接在其后加not。
—Need I tell him everything
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.
——我要告诉他一切吗？
——是的，必须。/不，没有必要。
How dare she do things like that to me
她怎么敢对我做那样的事呢？
(2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/does，need后面接带to的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有人称和数的变化。
He didn't dare(to)go there.
他不敢去那儿。
Right now you need to stay still until help comes.
现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。
9．情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
下表是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使用场合
must must do must havedone 肯定句
may/might may/might do may/mighthave done 肯定句、否定句
can/could can/could do can/could have done 否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)
should should do should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句
情态动词＋have done的用法
(1)should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn't/ought not to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
You should/ought to have told me about it earlier.
关于这件事你本应该早点告诉我的。
You shouldn't/ought not to have said such words to your parents.
你本不应该给你父母说这样的话。
(2)needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.
你本来不必走这么快的，时间很充足。
(3)could have done表示“本来可以做某事而事实上未做到”。
I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.
我本来可以准时到的，但是我的车在路上坏了。
(4)may/might have done表示“可能发生过某事”或“本来也许可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.
你也许可以给他提供更多帮助的，但你太忙了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is strange that such a famous poet should be so rude to a lady.
2．You must come here on time，or you'll be fined next time.
3．I needn't have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
4．He told me he would be free tonight.
5．I may/might finish reading the novel tomorrow，but I am not sure about it.
6．You ought to have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time.
7．It is a long time since we met last time.You should come and see me more often.
8．She was so frightened that she didn't dare (to)breathe(breathe) a word of it to anyone else.
9．He finished all the work himself; in fact, he could have asked his friends for help.
10．You may feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Lucy is an outgoing lady.She 1.can play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually，she 2.could play the piano when she was 8 years old.Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has to do some sports because she 3.must keep slim.“You 4.shall get fat soon if you don't take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.
As for her，an elegant lady should try to keep fit.However，last week，she found that she 5.might put on weight and her husband suggested that she 6.should lose weight. However，she is always lacking in time because she has to take care of her children.
One night after supper，she walked quickly to go dancing at the park.On her way，she thought that the dancing must 7.have begun (begin) and the coach 8.could have taught many new moves, but the coach was absent that night, so she was regretful.现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
一、现在进行时的被动语态
[观察思考]
①We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.
②Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you.
③I wonder what is being done to help you.
④So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.
⑤A project about protecting the natural resources is being designed.
[归纳用法]
(一)形式
肯定式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋being＋done
否定式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋being＋done
一般疑问式 be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done
(二)用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。
She is being examined by a doctor.
她正在接受医生的检查。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定发生。
A new station is being built.
一个新的车站正在建设中。
3．表示经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly 等词连用。
He is always being praised by the teacher.
他总是被老师表扬。
4．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
[注意事项]
1．不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
2．一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。
3．“be＋in/on/under等＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
二、现在完成时的被动语态
[观察思考]
①He has been admitted to the club.
②Tom's novel has not been published.
③Has his bike been repaired
④Who has been invited
⑤Over time he has been changed quite a lot.
[归纳用法]
(一)形式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done
(二)用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。
The room has already been cleaned.
这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经被修了两个小时。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.
在完成作业之前你不应该离开学校。
[注意事项]
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查这个问题了。
4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him the book.
→He has been given the book.
→The book has been given to him.
6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These children are being looked(look) after by an old man now.
2．How many cars have been made(make) in the factory since 1990
3．Since your work has been finished(finish)，you can have a rest now.
4．Many interesting experiments are being carried(carry) out these days.
5．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has been marked(mark).
6．Three new schools have been opened(open) in our city in the past five years.
7．Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner are being cooked(cook) in the kitchen.
8．They are living with their parents because their own house is being rebuilt(rebuild).
9．Every possible means has been tried (try) to stop the bad behaviour，but they don't work at all.
10．Over the past ten years，this town has been hit (hit) twice by earthquakes.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A university student who recently 1.has been charged (charge) with stealing 2.is seeking(seek) professional help after 3.being convicted(convict) of shoplifting for the second time in six months.
Luz，who 4.lives(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge，5.admitted (admit) stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.
Philip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起诉)，said Luz selected some clothes from a display and 6.took (take) them to the ladies' toilet in the store.When she came out again she 7.was wearing(wear) one of the skirts she 8.had selected (select)，9.having taken(take) off the anti theft security alarm(安全防盗报警).Recently she 10.has been caught (catch) and apologized for her actions.

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