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1．Literature is a kind of intellectual light，which，like the sunlight，may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like. —Samuel Johnson
文学是一种理智之光，它像阳光一样，有时能使我们看到不喜欢的东西。 ——塞缪尔·约翰逊
2．Literature is the textbook of human life. —Chernyshevsky
文学是人生的教科书。 ——车尔尼雪夫斯基
3．Literature is the tutor of the society. —Belinsky
文学是社会的家庭教师。 ——别林斯基
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man's life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.
The importance of reading literature often seems to be lost on many Chinese people. Even experts in education think that the first goal of education is to encourage a love of learning. Therefore，there is possibly something wrong with the way students are taught here.
Why should they read literature？Do stories have value compared with the reading and learning of facts？Studies show clearly that the most powerful ways of learning are by experience，action，doing experiments and taking risks. Yet there are so many important things to learn that cannot be learned in these ways：feelings，problem solving，danger，relationships，etc. Research into this has shown how deep reading is a valuable experience different to the learning of words or facts. Keen readers of literature understand others better. Their abilities to make good decisions are increased. Young children who enjoy a parent's reading stories to them show greater awareness when they reach school age.
The best schools do seem to provide a limited chance to enjoy literature，usually about the classic Chinese stories but there is not enough “free” time for students. There are enough reading materials. Chinese bookshops are full of storybooks，and most of them are of good quality in terms of content，plot(情节) and language.
[探索发现]
1．Read the passage carefully and find its main idea.
Reading literature should be valued.
2．What are the most powerful ways of learning
By experience，action，doing experiments and taking risks.1．Customs and ceremonies must change with the varying needs of different generations. —Philipson
习俗和礼节必须适应不同时代的不同需要。 ——菲利普森
2．Habit makes the custom. —Ovid
习惯成自然。 ——奥维德
3．People think in their nature，speak according to their rules and act on the custom. —Bacon
人们都是凭天性思考，按规则说话，照习俗办事。 ——培根
When the traditional festival comes, everybody is excited about it, because they will have a holiday to relax. The meaning of these festivals is remembered by the old generation all the time, while some young people do not know. So when we enjoy the holiday, we need to know more about the traditional culture.
The traditional festival is an important way to preserve our culture, which is the great treasure of human beings. We are so proud of it, because it is priceless.
Every festival has its own meaning. Labour Day，for example，celebrates the value of hard work. But somehow it now seems that while celebrating all festivals we just care about one thing—shopping. And that can be a big problem.
“In a way，over consumption(过度消费) is the mother of all our environmental problems，” Kalle Lasn once told CNN. Lasn is the organizer of Buy Nothing Day，a day set up in Canada in 1992 to fight against unhealthy spending habits，and has now become an international event. It's held on the day，which is known as Black Friday—a famous shopping day in the US and Canada.
You can see the irony(讽刺) here.
Even though the idea of Buy Nothing Day was brought up 27 years ago，we seem to need it now more than ever. It's just as Lasn said，all the different kinds of dilemmas in our lives today—bad air quality，the reduction of forest area，endangered animal species，and plastic bags found in the ocean—seem to be the same cause：over consumption.
Buy Nothing Day might only be here for one day a year，but it's not just to remind us about a break from shopping on that day，but to change our lifestyle completely，focusing on fun “with people we care about” rather than wasting money on useless things.
[探索发现]
1．Read the passage carefully and try to think of a proper title for it.
Buy Nothing Day
2．Why did Kalle Lasn organize Buy Nothing Day
To prevent over consumption.1．Dreams begin with scripts and end in films. —George Lucas
梦想始于剧本而终于电影。 ——乔治·卢卡斯
2．My films are never meant to be realistic.They are mirrors，fragments of reality，almost like dreams. —Ernst Ingmar Bergman
我的电影从来无意写实。它们是镜子，是现实的片段，几乎跟梦一样。 ——英格玛·伯格曼
3．The whole of life，the whole of its action，is a natural and vivid film. —Pier Paolo Pasolini
生活的全部，它行动的整体，乃是一部自然、生动的电影。
——皮埃尔·保罗·帕索里尼
Take pride in your accomplishments, as they are stepping stones to your dreams. Understand that you may make mistakes, but don't let them discourage you. Value your capabilities and talents for they are what make you truly unique. The greatest gifts in life are not purchased, but acquired through hard work and determination.
Find the star that twinkles in your heart for you alone are capable of making your brightest dreams come true. Give your hopes everything you've got and you will catch the star that holds your destiny.
Movies are a great means of entertainment for many people. There are some advantages of watching edies，for example，help reduce your blood pressure. Laughter for 15 minutes during a movie makes your blood vessels(血管) wider. Besides，when you watch a sad movie，you're more likely to come away from it，thinking about loved ones and feeling happy about what you have.
Watching movies can make you creative. A study shows that young children，who watched the use of magic in Harry Potter，score meaningfully higher in a creative thinking test than children who watched something else.
Moreover，movies are very useful for improving people's health. They enable people to take time to really relax and for the moment forget about their daily worries and problems.
However，watching movies isn't always good. Studies have shown that some people get real pleasure out of being scared by horror movies，but in various ways they may be risking their physical and mental health without even knowing it. When you watch a tense scene in a movie，your heart rate and blood pressure increase. Meanwhile this change in your brain chemistry reminds you of times when you were in a similar state，even if you have no idea that you even had those memories.
[探索发现]
1．Read the passage carefully and try to think of a proper title for it.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Watching Movies
2．What does the author want to prove by referring to Harry Potter
Movies teach people to think creatively.1．Life is movement. —Voltaire
生命在于运动。 ——伏尔泰
2．Good health is always young. —Malft
身体健康者常年轻。 ——马尔夫特
3．Life needs sports. —Aristotle
生命需要运动。 ——亚里士多德
4．Sport is the source of all life. —DaVinci
运动是一切生命的源泉。 ——达·芬奇
5．The development of sports improves the people's physical fitness.
—Mao Zedong
发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 ——毛泽东
Health is more important than wealth.Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.Today，more and more people are in poor health.If we want to keep healthy we should have a healthy diet.
First，we should have a balanced diet.Though we may not like eating vegetables，but the vegetables have a lot of nutrition.They are very good for our health.
Second，we'd better eat regular meals.We need to eat breakfast，lunch as well as dinner every day.Because regular meals throughout the day can give us enough energy to carry out our daily activities.
Third，we should get away from fast food，for it may cause a lot of diseases.
If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous (剧烈的) workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉). Over time，this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease the risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.”
[探索发现]
1．Read the passage carefully and try to think of a proper title for it.
Too Much Exercise Is Harmful to Health
2．Why is too much exercise harmful according to the scientists
Because it may injure the heart and arteries.

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