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科技类词汇对应阅读
passage 1
A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.
The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become "projects" with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past 60 years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says， "It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave. "Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？
Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.
Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest. "Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，" says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory.
"Technology is a tall tree， " John Fernald said. "But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years. " As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.
（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？ 　 　
A．To present the process of group discussion.
B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.
C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.
D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.
（2）What can we learn from the passage？ 　 　
A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.
B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.
C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.
D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.
（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is 　 　.
A．supportive
B．cautious
C．uncertain
D．critical
（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？ 　 　
A．It will focus on innovation.
B．It will have its outcome soon.
C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.
D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在X背景下发明和创新会带来令人鼓舞的前景。
【解答】（1）目的意图题。根据第一段A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.（一个蛇机器人设计师，一个技术专家，一个超维物理学家和一个记者走进一个房间。记者转向人群问道：我们应该在海洋上盖房子吗？就像一个智库小组一样，该团队的成员为这个关键问题想出了超乎想象的答案，比如可以在沿海城市中心一个接一个停放的自动驾驶住宅单元）以及第二段The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become "projects" with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.（背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的"项目"，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样）可知，前两段的主要目的是揭示疯狂想法的重要性。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest.（今天，我们在抱怨收获的同时，没有注意播下这种雄心勃勃的研究的种子）和But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market（但这些突破来自耐心和好奇的科学家，而不是急于上市）可知，创新的收获在于一些雄心勃勃的研究。故选D项。
（3）观点态度题。根据最后一段As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（对我来说，这两者对于技术来说都是必不可少的，尽管它们相对独立。事实上，我不认为 X 是种植者或者收割者。这就像建造更高的梯子。没有人确切地知道，如果有的话，这些企业的员工会在这些梯子上发现什么。但是他们在努力。至少有人是）可推知，关于约翰 费尔纳德对技术的看法，作者是支持的。A．supportive支持的；B．cautious谨慎的；C．uncertain不确定的；D．critical批评的。故选A项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become "projects" with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.（ 背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的"项目"，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样）可知，X可能会带来令人鼓舞的前景。A．It will focus on innovation.它将专注于创新；B．It will have its outcome soon.很快就会有结果；C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.它可能会屈服于毫无结果的现实；D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.这可能会带来令人鼓舞的前景。故选D项。
passage 2
Technology seems to.discourage slow，immersive reading.Reading on a screen，particularly a phone screen，tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place.So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list﹣like than print.The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this "new norm" of skim reading is producing "an invisible，game﹣changing transformation" in how readers process words.The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain's capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information，rather than skills developed by deeper reading，like critical analysis.
We shouldn't overplay this danger.All readers skim.Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully.From about the age of nine，our eyes start to bounce around the page，reading only about a quarter of the words properly，and filling in the gaps by inference.Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans （持续时间）.So far，the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. "Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline， " the American author Selvin Brown wrote. "No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans. "
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read.For a start，it means that there is more to read，because more people than ever are writing.If you time travelled just a few decades into the past，you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom.And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response.An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published.This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun.But often it treats other people's words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder （素材）to say something else.Everyone talks over the top of everyone else，desperate to be heard.
Perhaps we should slow down.Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement.But this advocacy often emphasizes "enthusiastic"， "passionate" or "eager" reading，none of which adjectives suggest slow，quiet absorption.
To a slow reader，a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought.The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy.We often assume that technological change can't be stopped and happens in one direction，so that older media like "dead﹣tree" books are kicked out by newer，more virtual forms.In practice，older technologies can coexist with new ones.The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle.We still want to enjoy slowly﹣formed ideas and carefully﹣chosen words.Even in a fast﹣moving age，there is time for slow reading.
（1）What is the author's attitude towards Selvin Brown's opinion？ 　 　
A.Favorable.
B.Critical.
C.Doubtful.
D.Objective.
（2）The author would probably agree that 　 　.
A.advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading
B.digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection
C.the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits
D.the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology
（3）What does the underlined word "tenacious" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Comprehensive.
B.Complicated.
C.Determined.
D.Apparent.
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Slow Reading Is Here to Stay
B.Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C.Screen vs.Print：Which Requires Deep Reading？
D.Reading Is Not a Race：The Wonder of Deep Reading
【答案】（1）﹣（4）ABCA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有扼杀印刷书籍，就像汽车没有扼杀自行车一样。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读。
【解答】（1）观点态度题。根据文章第二段"Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline， " the American author Selvin Brown wrote. "No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans. "（美国作家塞尔文 布朗（Selvin Brown）写道："最近，相当多的评论家对注意力持续时间感到担忧，并将短篇小说视为文化衰落的迹象。""没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据. "）和最后一段Even in a fast﹣moving age，there is time for slow reading.（即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读。）可知作者对塞尔文 布朗的意见持赞成态度。A.Favorable.支持的；B.Critical.批评的；C.Doubtful.怀疑的；D.Objective.客观的。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response.An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published.This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun.But often it treats other people's words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder （素材）to say something else.Everyone talks over the top of everyone else，desperate to be heard.（数字写作意味着快速发布和响应。一篇在线文章一发表就开始在下面形成评论串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但往往它把别人的话当成了可以快速收获的东西，当成了评论某件事情的素材。每个人都比别人说得多，渴望被别人听到。）可知B.digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection（数字写作导致说得太多，反思不够）符合题意。故选B。
（3）猜测词义题。根据文章最后一段The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy.We often assume that technological change can't be stopped and happens in one direction，so that older media like "dead﹣tree" books are kicked out by newer，more virtual forms.（人类对这种深度阅读的需求太过强烈，任何新技术都无法摧毁。我们经常假设技术变革是无法停止的，并且发生在一个方向上，所以像"死树"书这样的旧媒体被更新、更虚拟的形式所淘汰。）可知tenacious的意思是"顽强的，持久的"。A.Comprehensive.全面的；B.Complicated.复杂的；C.Determined.有决心的，顽强的；D.Apparent.明显的。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段In practice，older technologies can coexist with new ones.The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle.We still want to enjoy slowly﹣formed ideas and carefully﹣chosen words.Even in a fast﹣moving age，there is time for slow reading.（实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有扼杀印刷书籍，就像汽车没有扼杀自行车一样。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读。）可知本文的最佳标题是A.Slow Reading Is Here to Stay（慢速阅读会一直持续下去）。故选A。
passage 3
Learning doesn't have to end when people age.In fact，today's seniors want to remain socially engaged，intellectually stimulated（智力上活跃的），and an active part of their communities according to The American University Beirut（AUB）in Lebanon.That's why AUB opened The University for Seniors that gives older adults—50 and up—an opportunity for lifelong learning.
"The goal of the program is to establish a community for seniors to learn for life，most of whom are retirees，"Mira Zaatari，the program assistant manager told Al﹣Fanar Media."They can stay engaged physically and mentally here."
The university includes two three﹣month semesters and students can take any class they want regardless of their educational level.There are no exams or graduation certificates.This school is all about lifelong learning.The available classes include political science，public health，agriculture，sciences，women's affairs as well as creative classes about drawing，painting and music.Language classes include English，French and Spanish.The classes are taught by volunteers，including AUB professors，students，and doctors from the university's hospital.
Seniors can gain a host of benefits by continuing to learn new things.According to Aging Well，that's because lifelong learning keeps the brain stimulated，challenged and fully engaged."This helps seniors remain mentally alert while they age.In fact，when people learn new things，the brain—even an older brain—can form new connections and pathways，"it adds.
Keeping physically active is important and so is keeping social connections.That's why the university provides more than just education.
Former banker Youssef Bakri，84，has been a student for over 10 years.He pointed out that before the pandemic the university garden was used as a meeting place for socialization and that there were organized field trips.
With the percentage of over 65s in Lebanon's population growing and the fact that many of these seniors live alone without family members in the country，The University for Seniors is playing a very important role in the lives of its students.
（1）Why does AUB launch the program？ 　 　
A.To do some scientific research on seniors.
B.To promote learning among young people.
C.To encourage seniors to do volunteer work.
D.To offer a lifelong learning place for seniors.
（2）What can the students do at The University for Seniors？ 　 　
A.Get free medical treatment.
B.Pass final exams as a group.
C.Choose their classes at will.
D.Obtain graduation certificates.
（3）Aging Well is mentioned in paragraph 4 to 　 　.
A.explain why learning can benefit seniors
B.show the working principle of the brain
C.offer advice on how to learn new things
D.analyze the advantages of accepting aging
（4）What is the author's opinion on The University for Seniors？ 　 　
A.It is far from suitable for seniors.
B.It has trouble in attracting students.
C.It is of great value for its students.
D.It cares little about its students' health.
【答案】DCAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国贝鲁特大学开设的老年大学。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The goal of the program is to establish a community for seniors to learn for life，most of whom are retirees（该项目的目标是为老年人建立一个终身学习的社区，其中大多数是退休人员。）可知，美国贝鲁特大学开设老年大学是为了给老年人提供一个可以终身学习的地方。故答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段The university includes two three﹣month semesters and students can take any class they want regardless of their educational level（这所大学包括两个为期三个月的学期，学生可以参加任何他们想要的课程，无论他们的教育水平如何。）可知，老年大学的学生可以自由选择他们想上的课。故答案为C。
（3）推理判断题。第四段的首句Seniors can gain a host of benefits by continuing to learn new things（老年人通过学习新东西可以获益良多），接着Aging Well提到This helps seniors remain mentally alert while they age.In fact，when people learn new things，the brain—even an older brain—can form new connections and pathways（这是因为终身学习使大脑受到刺激，受到挑战并完全投入。这有助于老年人在变老时依然保持思维敏捷。事实 上，当人们学习新事物时，大脑﹣﹣甚至是老年人的大脑﹣﹣可以形成新的连接和路径。）由此可知，第四段提到Aging Well主要是解释为什么学习能够使老年人受益。故答案为A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段With the percentage of over 65s in Lebanon's population growing and the fact that many of these seniors live alone without family members in the country，The University for Seniors is playing a very important role in the lives of its students.（随着黎巴嫩65岁以上人口的比例不断增长，以及许多老年人在国内没有家人的情况下独自生活，老年大学在学生的生活中发挥着非常重要的作用。）可推断，作者认为，这所老年大学对它的学生来说意义重大。故答案为C。
passage 1
Computer games have seriously caught the attention of Mass Media.The increasing amount of games with violent scenes socks the society and makes it very aware of them.The fact that violent games cause violence in people is not even doubted by most people.Some say that the reason lies in games being too close to reality.But is it justified only according to the external similarity of these two worlds？
Games originally are entertainment.Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination.Games are more than entertainment.The research of the New York University led by Green and Bavelier claims that the player preferring active games get an improvement of some types of brain activity，related to processing of visual information.In particular，game players cope with problems of simultaneously（同时地）tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30%better than people who do not play active computer video games.A game is an abstraction.A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.Games are also the possibility to be whoever a person wants to be and to rest from the outside world for some time.
But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality？Then，it proves that the games cause people to become violent.A psychologically healthy person will never confuse or connect these two different worlds.A game is a virtual world with visual images very similar to human.These images represent by themselves nothing but simple playing obstacles.A game may potentially give the opportunity to"destroy the obstacles"that may not be destroyed according to the rules，but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not.This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause.People who originally tend to violence may get annoyed by games and perform violence in the"real world".In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player.
（1）Which of the following best explains"sock"underlined in Para.1？ 　 　
A.Transform.
B.Strike.
C.Interest.
D.Confuse.
（2）What can we learn from the research carried out by Green and Bavelier？ 　 　
A.Games can promote some kinds of brain activity.
B.Games can give people space to be themselves.
C.Games can be a source of great experience.
D.Games can help players solve problems.
（3）Which of the following accounts for violence in real life？ 　 　
A.Abstract violent tasks.
B.Violent visual images.
C.Realistic computer games.
D.Individuals' violent nature.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Violence：Not a Consequence of Games.
B.Violence：Not a Justification of Players.
C.Games：The Violent Virtual Reality.
D.Games：The Cause of Violence.
【答案】BADA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了暴力行为的原因不是游戏，而是暴力天性。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题，根据文章第一段Computer games have seriously caught the attention of Mass Media.（电脑游戏已经严重地引起了大众媒体的注意。）和下文and makes it very aware of them.（并让它非常清楚地意识到它们。）可知，大量暴力游戏充斥着社会，并让社会清楚地意识到它们。由此猜测，划线词意为"充斥"，与strike（袭击，侵袭）同义。可引申为使社会印象深刻，A.Transform转变；B.Strike侵袭；C.Interest感兴趣；D.Confuse困惑。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段The research of the New York University led by Green and Bavelier claim that the player preferring active games get an improvement of some types of brain activity，related to processing of visual information.（由Green和Bavelier领导的纽约大学的研究声称，喜欢活跃游戏的玩家可以提高某些类型的大脑活动，与视觉信息的处理有关。）可知，从Green和Bavelier的研究中我们能得知，游戏可以促进某些类型的大脑活动。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据后一段This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause.People who are originally prone to violence may get irritated by games and perform violence in the"real world".In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player（这使我们得出结论，暴力不是结果，而是原因。原本有暴力倾向的人可能会被游戏激怒，在现实世界"中实施暴力。在这种情况下，游戏中的暴力只是为玩家的暴力本性辩护）可知，现实中的暴力原因在于一个人的暴力天性。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。本文主要讲游戏和暴力之间的关系，第一段引出主题，第二段介绍游戏的功能与优点；第三段说明游戏和暴力之间的关系。根据文章最后一段People who are originally prone to violence may get iritated by games and perform violence in the"real world".In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player（原本有暴力倾向的人可能会被游戏激怒，在现实世界"中实施暴力。在这种情况下，游戏中的暴力只是为玩家的暴力本性辩护。）可知，有暴力倾向的人本身就会因为游戏而被激怒并在现实生活中实施暴力行为，其根本原因不是由暴力游戏引起，所以A选项Violence：Not a Consequence of Games.（暴力：不是游戏的后果。）能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选A。
passage 5
Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years.Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree.A new study，though，suggests otherwise.
In the study，602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product.They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually.The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas，as well as those concepts' degree of novelty，and asked to submit their best idea.Among the groups，virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas，suggesting that something about face﹣to﹣face interaction generates more creative ideas.The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
"We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers，"said lead researcher Melanie Brucks."Unlike other forms of virtual communication，like phone calls or e﹣mail，video conferencing copies the in﹣person experience quite well，so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in﹣person and video interaction for idea generation."
When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms，the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene.Eyeing one's whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation.On platforms，the screen occupies our interactions.Our look wavers less."Looking away might come across as rude，"said Brucks，"so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction，the same way we wouldn't walk to another room while talking to someone in person."
Like most educators，Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years，and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well.Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often，rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom.Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera，for her students felt "freer"and more creative when asked to do so.And this may be sound advice for the workplace Virtual teamwork can't replace face﹣to﹣face teamwork.Idea selection proficiency（能力） is only valuable if you have strong options to select from，and face﹣to﹣face teams are the best means to generate winning options.Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise— a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
（1）What does the underlined word"stiffen"in Paragraph2 most probably mean？　 　
A.Shake.
B.Revise.
C.Challenge.
D.Strengthen.
（2）At first，lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that 　 　.
A.video conferencing can't compare with in﹣person communication
B.participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C.the feedback from companies seems questionable
D.creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
（3）What can we learn about Brucks' class？　　
A.Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up.
B.Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C.Her students took advantage of virtual learning.
D.Her students displayed talent for public speaking.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？　 　
A.Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation
B.Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C.Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity
D.Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
【答案】DCCD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现：与面对面交流相比，虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。根据第二段中Among the groups，virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas，suggesting that something about face﹣to﹣face interaction generates more creative ideas.The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.（在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面的互动会产生更多创造性的想法。这一发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。）可知，面对面交流会产生更多创造性的想法，所以雇主要求员工回到办公室进行面对面的互动，此处stiffen employers' resolve表示"坚定雇主的决心"，划线词stiffen是动词，意为"使坚定"。A.Shake.摇动；B.Revise.修订；C.Challenge.挑战；D.Strengthen.使更加坚定。选项D与划线词意思接近，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段内容 "We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers，"said lead researcher Melanie Brucks."Unlike other forms of virtual communication，like phone calls or e﹣mail，video conferencing copies the in﹣person experience quite well，so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in﹣person and video interaction for idea generation."（首席研究员Melanie Brucks说："我们进行这项实验是基于公司的反馈，即远程工作者更难创新。与电话或电子邮件等其他形式的虚拟交流不同，视频会议很好地复制了面对面的体验，所以当我们发现面对面交流和视频互动在创意产生方面有明显的差异时，我很惊讶。）可知，公司反馈远程工作者更难创新，所以他们组织实验来进行验证，结果发现面对面交流和视频互动在创意产生方面有明显的差异，首席研究员Melanie Brucks对此感到很惊讶。由此推断，起初，首席研究员Melanie Brucks可能认为公司的反馈有问题。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Like most educators，Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years，and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well.Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often，rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom.（像大多数教育工作者一样，布鲁克斯在过去三年主要是虚拟教学，她也注意到这种方法的一些好处。她的学生更有可能轮流发言，她那些比较害羞的学生也更经常发言，消除了在大教室讲话时的焦虑。）可知，布鲁克斯的虚拟课堂上，学生可能轮流发言，连害羞的学生也能经常发言，由此可推知，他的学生能充分利用虚拟学习。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据第一段Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years.Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree.A new study，though，suggests otherwise.（这些年来，许多人参加了许多虚拟会议。一些研究表明，这种调整可能不会在很大程度上影响工作场所的生产力。然而，一项新的研究表明情况并非如此。）以及第二段中Among the groups，virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas，suggesting that something about face﹣to﹣face interaction generates more creative ideas.The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.（在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面的互动会产生更多创造性的想法。这一发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。）可知，虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生，选项D"网上头脑风暴限制创造力"符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选D。
passage 6
Imagine wearing high﹣tech body armor （盔甲） that makes you super strong and tireless.Such technology，more specifically called an exoskeleton，sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world.And one manufacturer—California's SuitX expects it to go mainstream. "There is no doubt in my mind that these devices will eventually be sold at hardware stores，" says SuitX's founder Homayoon Kazerooni.
In simple terms，an exoskeleton is an external device that supports，covers and protects its user，giving greater levels of strength and endurance.Sometimes also referred to as "wearable robots"，they can be battery﹣powered and computer﹣operated，incorporating motors and hydraulics.Or they can be more simple，passive designs that use springs and dampeners.
"Integrating humans and machines into one system opens up a new realm of opportunity，" says Adrian Spragg，an expert on the technology at management consultancy Accenture. "Many of the early applications have been focused on military and medical applications，but in the last several years there's been an explosion of use in a range of cases." This expansion，which has come together with rapid advances in the technology，has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers.Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY，to walking，climbing stairs，and other daily activities.One report says sales are now due to rocket as a result.Global exoskeleton revenues （收入） are expected to explode from ＄ 392 million in 2020 to ＄ 6.8 billion in 2030，according to a study by ABI Research.
SuitX's "suits" are now being tested by car manufacturers General Motors and Fiat.Prof Kazerooni，who is also the director of the University of California's Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory，says that the primary benefit of the firm's exoskeletons is to prevent muscle fatigue （疲劳）.
"In general I see this development as very positive for occupational health and safety，" Prof Sandra Wachter says. "Machines are supposed to help us with dull，dangerous and dirty jobs.Problems，however，arise if robotics also double as workplace monitors.Are these suits tracking your movements，how fast you move，and how often you take breaks？Does a system compare this data with those of other workers to score or rank them？What happens if you move slower than others，or take breaks more often？"
（1）Why was the Iron Man was mentioned in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．To inspire us to be strong and determined.
B．To remind us of the popular film Iron Man.
C．To urge the readers to buy the newly designed products.
D．To illustrate the technology exoskeleton.
（2）What do the underlined word "rocket" mean in Paragraph 3？ 　 　
A．Climb.
B．Crash.
C．Stabilize.
D．Vary.
（3）What do you know about an exoskeleton？ 　 　
A．An exoskeleton is capable of working by itself using solar energy.
B．In the future，all the people will have to count on an exoskeleton.
C．An exoskeleton can be widely employed in our daily life.
D．Prof Kazerooni objects to the popularity of the exoskeleton.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．Iron Man Appeals to the Young
B．Exoskeletons Change Our Future Life
C．Everyone Can Be a Hero
D．Exoskeletons Replace Future Humans
【答案】（1）﹣（4）DACB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了什么是外骨骼技术，以及它在日常生活中更广泛的应用将给人们带来的便利。
【解答】（　　）推理判断题。根据第一段的Such technology，more specifically called an exoskeleton，sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world. （这种技术，更具体地说是外骨骼，听起来像是钢铁侠系列超级英雄电影的专利。然而，世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴这种设备）和第二段的In simple terms，an exoskeleton is an external device that supports，covers and protects its user，giving greater levels of strength and endurance.Sometimes also referred to as "wearable robots"，they can be battery﹣powered and computer﹣operated，incorporating motors and hydraulics.（简单来说，外骨骼是一种支持、覆盖和保护其使用者的外部设备，可以提供更高水平的力量和耐力。有时也被称为'可穿戴机器人'，它们可以由电池供电，由计算机操作，结合电机和液压系统）推知，第一段提到钢铁侠是为了形象地说明外骨骼这门技术。故选D。
（2）词句猜测题。根据划线词后文Global exoskeleton revenues （收入） are expected to explode from ﹩ 392 million in 2020 to ﹩ 6.8 billion in 2030，according to a study by ABI Research.（根据ABI Research的一项研究，全球外骨骼收入预计将从2020年的3.92亿美元激增至2030年的68亿美元）可知，据估计外骨骼的销售会直线上升。由此可知，目前销售额在增加，因此猜测rocket意为"增加"，与climb同义。A．Climb.爬，上升；B．Crash.撞击；C．Stabilize.稳定；D．Vary.变化。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的This expansion，which has come together with rapid advances in the technology，has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers.Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY，to walking，climbing stairs，and other daily activities. （这种扩张伴随着技术的快速进步，外骨骼越来越多地被制造业工人使用。针对消费者的版本也正在开发中，帮助人们更轻松地完成从DIY到步行、爬楼梯和其他日常活动的所有事情）可知，外骨骼可以被广泛地应用于我们的日常生活中。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段的Imagine wearing high﹣tech body armor （盔甲） that makes you super strong and tireless.Such technology，more specifically called an exoskeleton，sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world.（想象一下，穿上高科技防弹衣，让你变得超级强壮和不知疲倦。这种技术，更具体地说是外骨骼，听起来像是钢铁侠系列超级英雄电影的专利。然而，世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴这种设备）和第三段的This expansion，which has come together with rapid advances in the technology，has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers.Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY，to walking，climbing stairs，and other daily activities. （这种扩张伴随着技术的快速进步，外骨骼越来越多地被制造业工人使用。针对消费者的版本也正在开发中，帮助人们更轻松地完成从DIY到步行、爬楼梯和其他日常活动的所有事情）可知，本文主要介绍了什么是外骨骼技术，以及它在日常生活中更广泛的应用将给人们带来的便利。因此B项"外骨骼改变我们的未来生活"可以作为本文的最佳标题。A．Iron Man Appeals to the Young钢铁侠吸引年轻人；B．Exoskeletons Change Our Future Life外骨骼改变我们未来的生活；C．Everyone Can Be a Hero每个人都可以成为英雄；D．Exoskeletons Replace Future Humans外骨骼取代未来人类。故选B。
passage 7
Interactive software that "reads" and analyses footprints left by black rhinos （犀牛）can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild，giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers （偷猎者），according to a Duke University﹣led study.
The software，called the Footprint Identification Technique （FIT），uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino's footprint.Because each rhino's footprint is as special as a human fingerprint，the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.
"If you find a match，you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and，by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen，track its movements without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it，" said Zoe Jewell，a professor at Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment，who co﹣led the study and is co﹣creator of FIT.
"It's a cost﹣effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human，but also brings a centuries﹣old tracking skill into the 21st Century，" she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia's Ministry of Environment，Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists，land managers and local guides how to use FIT.
Namibia is home to an estimated 2，000 black rhinos，or about 90% of the species' total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government，the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.
The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti﹣poaching patrols（反偷猎巡逻）can use to search for animals at the highest risk，including those whose footprints haven't been showing up in recent years.
（1）What is the purpose of the software？　 　
A．To promote the development of technology.
B．To protect black rhinos from being hunted.
C．To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.
D．To save endangered species across the world.
（2）What's the advantage of the software？　 　
A．It owns various functions.
B．It goes to the market.
C．It is perfectly practical.
D．It is more than popular.
（3）What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach？　 　
A．It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.
B．It helps increase the population of black rhinos.
C．It raises people's awareness of the environment.
D．It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
（4）Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos？　 　
A．Optimistic.
B．Hopeless.
C．Worrying.
D．Uncertain.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）BCAA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件，这款名为FIT 的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种，并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Interactive software that "reads" and analyses footprints left by black rhinos （犀牛）can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild，giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers （偷猎者），according to a Duke University﹣led study.（杜克大学领导的一项研究表明，能够"读取"和分析黑犀牛留下的足迹的交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种，并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。）可知，交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种，并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段The software，called the Footprint Identification Technique （FIT），uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino's footprint.Because each rhino's footprint is as special as a human fingerprint，the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.（这款名为"足迹识别技术"（FIT）的软件利用先进技术分析了100多种犀牛足迹测量数据。由于每只犀牛的足迹都像人类的指纹一样特殊，所以分析后的图像可以通过电子方式收集到先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库中进行匹配。）可知，这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹，然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库中进行匹配。可推知，这款软件是非常实用的。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"It's a cost﹣effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human，but also brings a centuries﹣old tracking skill into the 21st Century，" she said.（她说："这是一种成本效益高的方法，不仅能保护犀牛和人类的健康，而且能将一种有几个世纪历史的追踪技术带入21世纪。"）可知，认为Zoe Jewell它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据第一段Interactive software that "reads" and analyses footprints left by black rhinos （犀牛）can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild，giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers （偷猎者），according to a Duke University﹣led study.（杜克大学领导的一项研究表明，能够"读取"和分析黑犀牛留下的足迹的交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种，并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。）最后一段The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti﹣poaching patrols（反偷猎巡逻）can use to search for animals at the highest risk，including those whose footprints haven't been showing up in recent years.（FIT 软件还可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查，并对每个足迹进行测量，以估计该区域的犀牛数量。这可以为计算资源需求提供有用的信息，有效地监控动物。这就创建了一个互动图书馆，反偷猎巡逻队可以利用这个图书馆搜索处于最高风险的动物，包括那些近年来没有出现足迹的动物。）可知，FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种，并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。通过使用FIT，可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查，并对每个足迹进行测量，以估计该区域的犀牛数量，因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。A．Optimistic.乐观的；B．Hopeless.无望的；C．Worrying.令人担心的；D．Uncertain.不确定的。故选A。
passage 8
Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties，according to a new study.
Teachers make more accurate assessments of learning difficulties among their students if they are given Al﹣generated feedback （反馈） rather than an "expert solution" written by a qualified professional.Researchers believe that because the AI analyzed the teacher's own work，it's easier for the teacher to understand than a "model answer" prepared beforehand.
"Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists，" said Riikka Hofmann. "Unfortunately，many of them feel that they have not had sufficient opportunity to practice these skills.AI could provide an extra level of individualized feedback to help them develop these essential competences."
Trainee teachers were asked to assess fictionalized students for potential learning difficulties，based on evidence including examples of their work，school behavior records and written texts of conversations with parents.Half of the trainees received the "expert solution"，typical of the material given to trainee teachers，while the other half received AI﹣generated feedback on their approach，highlighting where they could improve.The trainees then completed similar follow﹣up assessments，and were graded both on the accuracy of their diagnoses （诊断） and on how well they had used the evidence.Trainees who received the AI feedback scored significantly higher than those who worked with the pre﹣written expert solutions.
While the researchers said this does not mean AI is preferable to one﹣to﹣one feedback from a skilled expert，this is not always available for trainee teachers. "We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher﹣educators：new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place，" said Dr Michael Sailer. "It does seem，however，that AI﹣generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn.When personal feedback is not readily available，it could be an effective substitute （代替物）."
（1）What does the underlined word "them" refer to？ 　 　
A．Pupils.
B．Teachers.
C．Specialists.
D．Researchers.
（2）What did AI help trainee teachers know in the study？ 　 　
A．How well they had used the evidence.
B．Whether the expert solution was accurate.
C．Where their approach needs improvement.
D．What follow﹣up assessments they completed.
（3）What does Dr Michael think of AI？ 　 　
A．It will take the place of skilled experts.
B．It acts as an expert guide to trainee teachers.
C．It is only suitable for new teachers to use.
D．It can be a useful teaching training aid.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ 　
A．AI locates learning difficulties for the students
B．AI becomes an effective teaching tool in school
C．AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties
D．AI trains teachers in judging the learning of the students
【答案】（1）﹣（4）BCDC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可以帮助老师对学生的学习困难等问题有更好的了解。
【解答】（1）代词指代题。根据第三段前文Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists（教师在识别学生的障碍和学习困难迹象并将其转介给专家方面发挥着关键作用）可知，them指的是这里的老师。故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Half of the trainees received the "expert solution"，typical of the material given to trainee teachers，while the other half received AI﹣generated feedback on their approach，highlighting where they could improve. （一半的受训者收到了"专家解决方案"，这是发给实习教师的典型材料，而另一半则收到了人工智能生成的关于他们方法的反馈，强调了他们可以改进的地方）可知，人工智能在研究中帮助实习教师了解他们的方法需要改进的地方。故选C项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher﹣educators：new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place，" said Dr Michael Sailer. "It does seem，however，that AI﹣generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn.When personal feedback is not readily available，it could be an effective substitute （代替物）.（Michael Sailer博士说："我们并不是说人工智能应该取代教师教育者：新教师在如何首先认识到学习困难方面仍然需要专家指导。""然而，人工智能生成的反馈似乎确实帮助这些受训者专注于他们真正需要学习的东西。当个人反馈不易获得时，它可能是一种有效的替代品。"）可知，人工智能对于老师来说是一个有用的教学培训辅助。故选D项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties，according to a new study.（根据一项新的研究，人工智能可以帮助教师识别哪些学生有学习困难）以及全文大意，文章主要讲人工智能可以让老师对学生的学习困难等问题有更好的了解，C．AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties"人工智能帮助教师发现有学习困难的学生"符合文意。故选C项。
passage 9
YogaDigital is an App especially designed for Yoga lovers with video and audio tools from Yoga teachers.Whether it is a simple practice of Yoga postures to support your back at work，poetry to open your heart when you need inspiration or a short video from your beloved Yoga teacher，YogaDigital keeps all of your favorite content in one place，on your iPhone or iPad.
You may scan all of the YogaDigital content to find what is right for you using minutes that can be purchased.Or，if you would like a particular practice，series or audio/video media，you can make a purchase and have it on your iPhone or iPad anytime you want.Create your own selection of content and take it with you anywhere，since the content is downloaded onto your device.There is no need for an internet connection once you have it.If you should ever delete your YogaDigital purchases，there is no need to worry.You will find them waiting for you in the studio to download again anytime.
For Teachers，YogaDigital supports your creativity in offering students a variety of tools to support them.For all of the time when students ask you if you have a CD or DVD that they can use between classes or while they are away，YogaDigial offers a way to publish quality content in a variety of forms without following a pre﹣determined data form.Your work will be highlighted in an online environment entirely for Yoga content to help get rid of the "noise" of some other online platforms.YogaDigital protects your intellectual property as it cannot be shared or copied and it offers a broad market in which you can post your works.It also offers support in your professional network as our online 'Studio' carries your work alongside other excellent teachers.
YogaDigital is an ideal choice，bringing the width and power of Yoga to support your life journey in all its many forms.
（1）What can be found in YogaDigital to inspire new ideas？ 　 　
A．Yoga postures.
B．Short videos.
C．Poetry.
D．Latest movies.
（2）What should you do if your YogaDigial purchases are lost？ 　 　
A．Make a purchase again.
B．Download them again.
C．Create your own content.
D．Ask your teachers for help.
（3）How does YogaDigital help the teachers deal with the "noise"？ 　 　
A．By providing a focused environment.
B．By copying it.
C．By protecting your intellectual property.
D．By clearing it away.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．YogaDigilal ：A Right Choice to Support Your Life
B．YogaDigital ：A Good Way to Support Your Creativity
C．YogaDigital ：A Broad Market to Offer You Convenience
D．YogaDigital ：A Helpful Internet to Open Your Heart
【答案】（1）﹣（4）CBAA
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一款专为瑜伽爱好者设计的应用程序。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Whether it is a simple practice of Yoga postures to support your back at work，poetry to open your heart when you need inspiration or a short video from your beloved Yoga teacher， YogaDigital keeps all of your favorite content in one place，on your iPhone or iPad.（无论是简单的瑜伽姿势练习来支撑工作时你的背部，当你需要灵感时诗歌打开你的心，还是你心爱的瑜伽老师的短视频，YogaDigital将所有你喜欢的内容保存在一个地方，在你的iPhone或iPad上）可知，可以在YogaDigital上找到诗歌来激发新想法。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句If you should ever delete your YogaDigital purchases，there is no need to worry.You will find them waiting for you in the studio to download again anytime.（如果你删除了你的YogaDigital购买，没有必要担心。你会发现它们在演播室等你随时下载）可知，如果不小心删除了YogaDigital上购买的内容，可以从演播室重新下载。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中Your work will be highlighted in an online environment entirely for Yoga content to help get rid of the 'noise' of some other online platforms.（你的工作将在一个完全为瑜伽内容的在线环境中突出显示，以帮助摆脱一些其他在线平台的'噪音'）可知，YogaDigital通过提供一个专注的环境来帮助老师摆脱"噪音"。A．By providing a focused environment.通过提供一个专注的环境；B．By copying it.通过复制它；C．By protecting your intellectual property.通过保护你的知识产权；D．By clearing it away.把它清除掉。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段YogaDigital is an ideal choice，bringing the width and power of Yoga to support your life journey in all its many forms.（YogaDigital是一个理想的选择，它带来瑜伽的广度和力量，以各种形式支持你的人生旅程）可知，本文主要介绍了专为瑜伽爱好者设计的应用程序YogaDigital，故A项"YogaDigital：支持生活的一个正确选择"适合作为文章标题。故选A。
passage 10
Using the power of artificial intelligence （AI），scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.Contrary to conventional knowledge，their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms to radiate （向周围辐射出去）and evolve.Instead，it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.
Dr.Hoyal Cuthill，the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology，said in a statement， "Some of the most challenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species.New machine learning applications can help us understand the information in human﹣readable form.This means that we can，so to speak，hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see."
They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought.Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption（中断），AI detected "big five mass extinctions，seven more mass extinctions，two mass extinction﹣radiation events and 15 mass radiations.Most importantly，it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other，changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle﹣like species radiation of nature.It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation.Take the Cambrian Explosion for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.
This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity，including the Cambrian Explosion，usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated（孤立的）from extinction.Dr.Nicholas Guttenberg，a study co﹣author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained，"Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear."
（1）What's the function of the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.To analyze the cause of creative destruction.
B.To tell us the result of the new study.
C.To explain the power of artificial intelligence.
D.To present the conventional idea of mass extinction.
（2）What do Dr.Hoyal Cuthill's words imply？ 　 　
A.New AI machines learn applications better.
B.It's difficult to understand the history of life.
C.New species appear before mass extinction.
D.AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.
（3）Why is the Cambrian Explosion mentioned in the text？ 　 　
A.To provide knowledge of history.
B.To highlight the importance of AI.
C.To support the new study.
D.To prove the previous view is right.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ 　 　
A.A new understanding of mass extinction.
B.The processes of biological evolution.
C.Animal species with modern physical features.
D.The relationship between mass extinction and radiation.
【答案】BDCA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新见解。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Using the power of artificial intelligence （AI），scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.Contrary to conventional knowledge，their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms to radiate （向周围辐射出去） and evolve.Instead，it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation. （利用人工智能的力量，科学家们揭示了对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏的新见解。与传统知识相反，他们的研究表明，更大的灭绝并不总是一种"创造性破坏"的形式，允许新的生物辐射和进化。相反，它表明大规模灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关。）可知第一段的作用在于告诉读者一种新发现。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的New machine learning applications can help us understand the information in human﹣readable form.This means that we can，so to speak，hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see. （新的机器学习应用程序可以帮助我们以人类可读的形式理解信息。这意味着，可以这么说，我们可以将五亿年的演化掌握在手掌中，并从我们所看到的中获得新的见解。）可知，人工智能可以帮助人类学习，掌握5亿年的进化知识的同时还能得出新的见解，所以对人类进行进化研究贡献很大。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中的Take the Cambrian Explosion for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features. （以寒武纪大爆发为例，大约在4100万年前，一大群动物首次出现在第一个化石记录上，并出现了一种具有现代物理特征的高机动动物的黎明。）以及最后一段中的This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity，including the Cambrian Explosion，usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated （孤立的） from extinction. （这项新的研究发现，其他一些值得注意的生物多样性爆炸，包括寒武纪大爆发，通常发生在它们基本上与灭绝隔离的时候。）可知，在寒武纪大爆发中找到了值得注意的生物多样性爆炸，所以文中提到寒武纪大爆发是为了支持新的研究，故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Using the power of artificial intelligence （AI） ，scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. （利用人工智能的力量，科学家们对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏有了新的见解。）以及下文的讲述可知，文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新认识，因此A项A new understanding of mass extinction. （对大灭绝的新认识）符合文意。故选A。
passage 11
As the concept of emotional intelligence （EI） has gone global，we've watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don't know where to focus their efforts or they haven't understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders，we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths，it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve﹣and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self﹣perception （how you see yourself） differs from your reputation （how others see you）.This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.For example，most of us think that we're good listeners，but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check，it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self﹣perception and reputation，you should use a 360﹣degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI.The key is to find one to give you feedback，which is focused on development and not on performance assessment.And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people's assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly，when you get your feedback from an assessment，let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence，you're at a huge disadvantage if you're only interested because others say you should be.Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically （内在的） motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you've gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations.Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
B．EI plays a key role in professional development.
C．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
D．You know how to improve EI better with others' help.
（2）According to the passage，which of the following is an "external reality check"？ 　 　
A．You got help from your parents when making a key decision.
B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
C．You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution.
D．Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others.
（3）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．It's most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI.
B．It's hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense.
C．When you want to improve EI，you should take your goals into consideration.
D．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI.
（4）Which of the following might the author agree with？ 　 　
A．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
B．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is.
C．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
【答案】DBCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了发展特定的情商优势的方法。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。由本文第一自然段中的关键句In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders，we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths，it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve﹣and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.（在与公司咨询和指导领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域建立习惯，而不是简单地依赖于概念上的理解是有帮助的。）可知你知道如何在别人的帮助下更好地提高情商。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。由本文第二自然段The first step is to get a sense of how your self﹣perception （how you see yourself） differs from your reputation （how others see you）.This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.For example，most of us think that we're good listeners，but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check，it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.（第一步是弄清楚你的自我认知（你如何看待自己）和你的声誉（别人如何看待你）有何不同。对于情商的发展来说尤其如此，因为我们可能对我们如何表达和阅读我们互动中的情感成分视而不见。例如，我们大多数人都认为自己是好的倾听者，但事实往往并非如此。如果没有这种______，你就很难确定你的行为是如何影响你的表现的。从别人那里得到反馈也可以证明我们改变行为的必要性和动机。）可知划线词external reality check指的是"外部现实检查"，B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.（你的老师教导你要有更好的学习态度。）就是一种外部现实检查。故选B。
（3）段落大意题。由本文第四自然段的内容Secondly，when you get your feedback from an assessment，let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence，you're at a科技类词汇对应阅读
passage 1
A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.
The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become "projects" with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past 60 years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says， "It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave. "Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？
Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial use. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.
Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest. "Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，" says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory.
"Technology is a tall tree， " John Fernald said. "But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years. " As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.
（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？ 　 　
A．To present the process of group discussion.
B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.
C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.
D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.
（2）What can we learn from the passage？ 　 　
A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.
B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.
C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.
D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.
（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is 　 　.
A．supportive
B．cautious
C．uncertain
D．critical
（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？ 　 　
A．It will focus on innovation.
B．It will have its outcome soon.
C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.
D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.
passage 2
Technology seems to.discourage slow，immersive reading.Reading on a screen，particularly a phone screen，tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place.So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list﹣like than print.The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this "new norm" of skim reading is producing "an invisible，game﹣changing transformation" in how readers process words.The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain's capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information，rather than skills developed by deeper reading，like critical analysis.
We shouldn't overplay this danger.All readers skim.Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully.From about the age of nine，our eyes start to bounce around the page，reading only about a quarter of the words properly，and filling in the gaps by inference.Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans （持续时间）.So far，the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. "Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline， " the American author Selvin Brown wrote. "No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans. "
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read.For a start，it means that there is more to read，because more people than ever are writing.If you time travelled just a few decades into the past，you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom.And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response.An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published.This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun.But often it treats other people's words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder （素材）to say something else.Everyone talks over the top of everyone else，desperate to be heard.
Perhaps we should slow down.Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement.But this advocacy often emphasizes "enthusiastic"， "passionate" or "eager" reading，none of which adjectives suggest slow，quiet absorption.
To a slow reader，a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought.The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy.We often assume that technological change can't be stopped and happens in one direction，so that older media like "dead﹣tree" books are kicked out by newer，more virtual forms.In practice，older technologies can coexist with new ones.The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle.We still want to enjoy slowly﹣formed ideas and carefully﹣chosen words.Even in a fast﹣moving age，there is time for slow reading.
（1）What is the author's attitude towards Selvin Brown's opinion？ 　 　
A.Favorable.
B.Critical.
C.Doubtful.
D.Objective.
（2）The author would probably agree that 　 　.
A.advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading
B.digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection
C.the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits
D.the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology
（3）What does the underlined word "tenacious" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Comprehensive.
B.Complicated.
C.Determined.
D.Apparent.
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Slow Reading Is Here to Stay
B.Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C.Screen vs.Print：Which Requires Deep Reading？
D.Reading Is Not a Race：The Wonder of Deep Reading
passage 3
Learning doesn't have to end when people age.In fact，today's seniors want to remain socially engaged，intellectually stimulated（智力上活跃的），and an active part of their communities according to The American University Beirut（AUB）in Lebanon.That's why AUB opened The University for Seniors that gives older adults—50 and up—an opportunity for lifelong learning.
"The goal of the program is to establish a community for seniors to learn for life，most of whom are retirees，"Mira Zaatari，the program assistant manager told Al﹣Fanar Media."They can stay engaged physically and mentally here."
The university includes two three﹣month semesters and students can take any class they want regardless of their educational level.There are no exams or graduation certificates.This school is all about lifelong learning.The available classes include political science，public health，agriculture，sciences，women's affairs as well as creative classes about drawing，painting and music.Language classes include English，French and Spanish.The classes are taught by volunteers，including AUB professors，students，and doctors from the university's hospital.
Seniors can gain a host of benefits by continuing to learn new things.According to Aging Well，that's because lifelong learning keeps the brain stimulated，challenged and fully engaged."This helps seniors remain mentally alert while they age.In fact，when people learn new things，the brain—even an older brain—can form new connections and pathways，"it adds.
Keeping physically active is important and so is keeping social connections.That's why the university provides more than just education.
Former banker Youssef Bakri，84，has been a student for over 10 years.He pointed out that before the pandemic the university garden was used as a meeting place for socialization and that there were organized field trips.
With the percentage of over 65s in Lebanon's population growing and the fact that many of these seniors live alone without family members in the country，The University for Seniors is playing a very important role in the lives of its students.
（1）Why does AUB launch the program？ 　 　
A.To do some scientific research on seniors.
B.To promote learning among young people.
C.To encourage seniors to do volunteer work.
D.To offer a lifelong learning place for seniors.
（2）What can the students do at The University for Seniors？ 　 　
A.Get free medical treatment.
B.Pass final exams as a group.
C.Choose their classes at will.
D.Obtain graduation certificates.
（3）Aging Well is mentioned in paragraph 4 to 　 　.
A.explain why learning can benefit seniors
B.show the working principle of the brain
C.offer advice on how to learn new things
D.analyze the advantages of accepting aging
（4）What is the author's opinion on The University for Seniors？ 　 　
A.It is far from suitable for seniors.
B.It has trouble in attracting students.
C.It is of great value for its students.
D.It cares little about its students' health.
passage 4
Computer games have seriously caught the attention of Mass Media.The increasing amount of games with violent scenes socks the society and makes it very aware of them.The fact that violent games cause violence in people is not even doubted by most people.Some say that the reason lies in games being too close to reality.But is it justified only according to the external similarity of these two worlds？
Games originally are entertainment.Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination.Games are more than entertainment.The research of the New York University led by Green and Bavelier claims that the player preferring active games get an improvement of some types of brain activity，related to processing of visual information.In particular，game players cope with problems of simultaneously（同时地）tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30%better than people who do not play active computer video games.A game is an abstraction.A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.Games are also the possibility to be whoever a person wants to be and to rest from the outside world for some time.
But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality？Then，it proves that the games cause people to become violent.A psychologically healthy person will never confuse or connect these two different worlds.A game is a virtual world with visual images very similar to human.These images represent by themselves nothing but simple playing obstacles.A game may potentially give the opportunity to"destroy the obstacles"that may not be destroyed according to the rules，but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not.This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause.People who originally tend to violence may get annoyed by games and perform violence in the"real world".In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player.
（1）Which of the following best explains"sock"underlined in Para.1？ 　 　
A.Transform.
B.Strike.
C.Interest.
D.Confuse.
（2）What can we learn from the research carried out by Green and Bavelier？ 　 　
A.Games can promote some kinds of brain activity.
B.Games can give people space to be themselves.
C.Games can be a source of great experience.
D.Games can help players solve problems.
（3）Which of the following accounts for violence in real life？ 　 　
A.Abstract violent tasks.
B.Violent visual images.
C.Realistic computer games.
D.Individuals' violent nature.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Violence：Not a Consequence of Games.
B.Violence：Not a Justification of Players.
C.Games：The Violent Virtual Reality.
D.Games：The Cause of Violence.
passage 5
Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years.Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree.A new study，though，suggests otherwise.
In the study，602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product.They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually.The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas，as well as those concepts' degree of novelty，and asked to submit their best idea.Among the groups，virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas，suggesting that something about face﹣to﹣face interaction generates more creative ideas.The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
"We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers，"said lead researcher Melanie Brucks."Unlike other forms of virtual communication，like phone calls or e﹣mail，video conferencing copies the in﹣person experience quite well，so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in﹣person and video interaction for idea generation."
When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms，the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene.Eyeing one's whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation.On platforms，the screen occupies our interactions.Our look wavers less."Looking away might come across as rude，"said Brucks，"so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction，the same way we wouldn't walk to another room while talking to someone in person."
Like most educators，Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years，and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well.Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often，rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom.Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera，for her students felt "freer"and more creative when asked to do so.And this may be sound advice for the workplace Virtual teamwork can't replace face﹣to﹣face teamwork.Idea selection proficiency（能力） is only valuable if you have strong options to select from，and face﹣to﹣face teams are the best means to generate winning options.Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise— a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
（1）What does the underlined word"stiffen"in Paragraph2 most probably mean？　 　
A.Shake.
B.Revise.
C.Challenge.
D.Strengthen.
（2）At first，lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that 　 　.
A.video conferencing can't compare with in﹣person communication
B.participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C.the feedback from companies seems questionable
D.creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
（3）What can we learn about Brucks' class？　 　
A.Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up.
B.Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C.Her students took advantage of virtual learning.
D.Her students displayed talent for public speaking.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？　 　
A.Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation
B.Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C.Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity
D.Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
passage 6
Imagine wearing high﹣tech body armor （盔甲） that makes you super strong and tireless.Such technology，more specifically called an exoskeleton，sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world.And one manufacturer—California's SuitX expects it to go mainstream. "There is no doubt in my mind that these devices will eventually be sold at hardware stores，" says SuitX's founder Homayoon Kazerooni.
In simple terms，an exoskeleton is an external device that supports，covers and protects its user，giving greater levels of strength and endurance.Sometimes also referred to as "wearable robots"，they can be battery﹣powered and computer﹣operated，incorporating motors and hydraulics.Or they can be more simple，passive designs that use springs and dampeners.
"Integrating humans and machines into one system opens up a new realm of opportunity，" says Adrian Spragg，an expert on the technology at management consultancy Accenture. "Many of the early applications have been focused on military and medical applications，but in the last several years there's been an explosion of use in a range of cases." This expansion，which has come together with rapid advances in the technology，has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers.Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY，to walking，climbing stairs，and other daily activities.One report says sales are now due to rocket as a result.Global exoskeleton revenues （收入） are expected to explode from ＄ 392 million in 2020 to ＄6.8 billion in 2030，according to a study by ABI Research.
SuitX's "suits" are now being tested by car manufacturers General Motors and Fiat.Prof Kazerooni，who is also the director of the University of California's Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory，says that the primary benefit of the firm's exoskeletons is to prevent muscle fatigue （疲劳）.
"In general I see this development as very positive for occupational health and safety，" Prof Sandra Wachter says. "Machines are supposed to help us with dull，dangerous and dirty jobs.Problems，however，arise if robotics also double as workplace monitors.Are these suits tracking your movements，how fast you move，and how often you take breaks？Does a system compare this data with those of other workers to score or rank them？What happens if you move slower than others，or take breaks more often？"
（1）Why was the Iron Man was mentioned in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．To inspire us to be strong and determined.
B．To remind us of the popular film Iron Man.
C．To urge the readers to buy the newly designed products.
D．To illustrate the technology exoskeleton.
（2）What do the underlined word "rocket" mean in Paragraph 3？ 　 　
A．Climb.
B．Crash.
C．Stabilize.
D．Vary.
（3）What do you know about an exoskeleton？ 　 　
A．An exoskeleton is capable of working by itself using solar energy.
B．In the future，all the people will have to count on an exoskeleton.
C．An exoskeleton can be widely employed in our daily life.
D．Prof Kazerooni objects to the popularity of the exoskeleton.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．Iron Man Appeals to the Young
B．Exoskeletons Change Our Future Life
C．Everyone Can Be a Hero
D．Exoskeletons Replace Future Humans
passage 7
Interactive software that "reads" and analyses footprints left by black rhinos （犀牛）can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild，giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers （偷猎者），according to a Duke University﹣led study.
The software，called the Footprint Identification Technique （FIT），uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino's footprint.Because each rhino's footprint is as special as a human fingerprint，the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.
"If you find a match，you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and，by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen，track its movements without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it，" said Zoe Jewell，a professor at Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment，who co﹣led the study and is co﹣creator of FIT.
"It's a cost﹣effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human，but also brings a centuries﹣old tracking skill into the 21st Century，" she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia's Ministry of Environment，Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists，land managers and local guides how to use FIT.
Namibia is home to an estimated 2，000 black rhinos，or about 90% of the species' total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government，the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.
The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti﹣poaching patrols（反偷猎巡逻）can use to search for animals at the highest risk，including those whose footprints haven't been showing up in recent years.
（1）What is the purpose of the software？　 　
A．To promote the development of technology.
B．To protect black rhinos from being hunted.
C．To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.
D．To save endangered species across the world.
（2）What's the advantage of the software？　 　
A．It owns various functions.
B．It goes to the market.
C．It is perfectly practical.
D．It is more than popular.
（3）What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach？　 　
A．It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.
B．It helps increase the population of black rhinos.
C．It raises people's awareness of the environment.
D．It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
（4）Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos？　 　
A．Optimistic.
B．Hopeless.
C．Worrying.
D．Uncertain.
passage 8
Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties，according to a new study.
Teachers make more accurate assessments of learning difficulties among their students if they are given Al﹣generated feedback （反馈） rather than an "expert solution" written by a qualified professional.Researchers believe that because the AI analyzed the teacher's own work，it's easier for the teacher to understand than a "model answer" prepared beforehand.
"Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists，" said Riikka Hofmann. "Unfortunately，many of them feel that they have not had sufficient opportunity to practice these skills.AI could provide an extra level of individualized feedback to help them develop these essential competences."
Trainee teachers were asked to assess fictionalized students for potential learning difficulties，based on evidence including examples of their work，school behavior records and written texts of conversations with parents.Half of the trainees received the "expert solution"，typical of the material given to trainee teachers，while the other half received AI﹣generated feedback on their approach，highlighting where they could improve.The trainees then completed similar follow﹣up assessments，and were graded both on the accuracy of their diagnoses （诊断） and on how well they had used the evidence.Trainees who received the AI feedback scored significantly higher than those who worked with the pre﹣written expert solutions.
While the researchers said this does not mean AI is preferable to one﹣to﹣one feedback from a skilled expert，this is not always available for trainee teachers. "We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher﹣educators：new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place，" said Dr Michael Sailer. "It does seem，however，that AI﹣generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn.When personal feedback is not readily available，it could be an effective substitute （代替物）."
（1）What does the underlined word "them" refer to？ 　 　
A．Pupils.
B．Teachers.
C．Specialists.
D．Researchers.
（2）What did AI help trainee teachers know in the study？ 　 　
A．How well they had used the evidence.
B．Whether the expert solution was accurate.
C．Where their approach needs improvement.
D．What follow﹣up assessments they completed.
（3）What does Dr Michael think of AI？ 　 　
A．It will take the place of skilled experts.
B．It acts as an expert guide to trainee teachers.
C．It is only suitable for new teachers to use.
D．It can be a useful teaching training aid.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．AI locates learning difficulties for the students
B．AI becomes an effective teaching tool in school
C．AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties
D．AI trains teachers in judging the learning of the students
passage 9
YogaDigital is an App especially designed for Yoga lovers with video and audio tools from Yoga teachers.Whether it is a simple practice of Yoga postures to support your back at work，poetry to open your heart when you need inspiration or a short video from your beloved Yoga teacher，YogaDigital keeps all of your favorite content in one place，on your iPhone or iPad.
You may scan all of the YogaDigital content to find what is right for you using minutes that can be purchased.Or，if you would like a particular practice，series or audio/video media，you can make a purchase and have it on your iPhone or iPad anytime you want.Create your own selection of content and take it with you anywhere，since the content is downloaded onto your device.There is no need for an internet connection once you have it.If you should ever delete your YogaDigital purchases，there is no need to worry.You will find them waiting for you in the studio to download again anytime.
For Teachers，YogaDigital supports your creativity in offering students a variety of tools to support them.For all of the time when students ask you if you have a CD or DVD that they can use between classes or while they are away，YogaDigial offers a way to publish quality content in a variety of forms without following a pre﹣determined data form.Your work will be highlighted in an online environment entirely for Yoga content to help get rid of the "noise" of some other online platforms.YogaDigital protects your intellectual property as it cannot be shared or copied and it offers a broad market in which you can post your works.It also offers support in your professional network as our online 'Studio' carries your work alongside other excellent teachers.
YogaDigital is an ideal choice，bringing the width and power of Yoga to support your life journey in all its many forms.
（1）What can be found in YogaDigital to inspire new ideas？ 　 　
A．Yoga postures.
B．Short videos.
C．Poetry.
D．Latest movies.
（2）What should you do if your YogaDigial purchases are lost？ 　 　
A．Make a purchase again.
B．Download them again.
C．Create your own content.
D．Ask your teachers for help.
（3）How does YogaDigital help the teachers deal with the "noise"？ 　 　
A．By providing a focused environment.
B．By copying it.
C．By protecting your intellectual property.
D．By clearing it away.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．YogaDigilal ：A Right Choice to Support Your Life
B．YogaDigital ：A Good Way to Support Your Creativity
C．YogaDigital ：A Broad Market to Offer You Convenience
D．YogaDigital ：A Helpful Internet to Open Your Heart
passage 10
Using the power of artificial intelligence （AI），scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.Contrary to conventional knowledge，their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms to radiate （向周围辐射出去）and evolve.Instead，it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.
Dr.Hoyal Cuthill，the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology，said in a statement， "Some of the most challenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species.New machine learning applications can help us understand the information in human﹣readable form.This means that we can，so to speak，hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see."
They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought.Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption（中断），AI detected "big five mass extinctions，seven more mass extinctions，two mass extinction﹣radiation events and 15 mass radiations.Most importantly，it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other，changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle﹣like species radiation of nature.It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation.Take the Cambrian Explosion for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.
This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity，including the Cambrian Explosion，usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated（孤立的）from extinction.Dr.Nicholas Guttenberg，a study co﹣author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained， "Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear."
（1）What's the function of the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.To analyze the cause of creative destruction.
B.To tell us the result of the new study.
C.To explain the power of artificial intelligence.
D.To present the conventional idea of mass extinction.
（2）What do Dr.Hoyal Cuthill's words imply？ 　 　
A.New AI machines learn applications better.
B.It's difficult to understand the history of life.
C.New species appear before mass extinction.
D.AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.
（3）Why is the Cambrian Explosion mentioned in the text？ 　 　
A.To provide knowledge of history.
B.To highlight the importance of AI.
C.To support the new study.
D.To prove the previous view is right.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ 　 　
A.A new understanding of mass extinction.
B.The processes of biological evolution.
C.Animal species with modern physical features.
D.The relationship between mass extinction and radiation.
passage 11
As the concept of emotional intelligence （EI） has gone global，we've watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don't know where to focus their efforts or they haven't understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders，we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths，it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve﹣and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self﹣perception （how you see yourself） differs from your reputation （how others see you）.This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.For example，most of us think that we're good listeners，but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check，it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self﹣perception and reputation，you should use a 360﹣degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI.The key is to find one to give you feedback，which is focused on development and not on performance assessment.And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people's assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly，when you get your feedback from an assessment，let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence，you're at a huge disadvantage if you're only interested because others say you should be.Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically （内在的） motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you've gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations.Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
B．EI plays a key role in professional development.
C．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
D．You know how to improve EI better with others' help.
（2）According to the passage，which of the following is an "external reality check"？ 　 　
A．You got help from your parents when making a key decision.
B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
C．You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution.
D．Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others.
（3）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．It's most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI.
B．It's hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense.
C．When you want to improve EI，you should take your goals into consideration.
D．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI.
（4）Which of the following might the author agree with？ 　 　
A．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
B．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is.
C．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
passage 12
Researchers have designed a 4 D﹣printed soft robot that self﹣assembles （自动组装） when heated and can take on challenging tasks like rolling uphill and navigating an unpredictable landscape.
"Like an insect with antennae （天线），the robot can overcome a small obstacle.But when the obstacle is too high，it will turn back and never come back，" says senior author Wei Feng，a materials scientist at Tianjin University in China. "The whole process is finished by itself without human's control."
When the surface beneath it is heated，the robot form a tube like a spring.The change in shape adds time as a fourth dimension （维度）to the printing process，making it 4 D．
Once the robot forms a tube，the contact from the hot surface causes a response in the material，which causes it to roll in one direction.The driving force behind this motion is so strong that the robot can climb up a 20° incline （斜度） or even carry a load 40 times its own weight.The length of the robot affects its speed，with longer robots rolling faster than the shorter ones.
The researchers caught videos showing off the robot's skills，including a race between differently sized robots and another robot carrying a cart.The videos also show how its behavior changes based on its surroundings，with the robot either climbing up a step or changing directions when encountering a difficult obstacle.
For Feng，the behavior of the robot came as a surprise.He says， "We found many interesting driving phenomena besides the change of shape." In the future，these soft robots may be used to perform work in small，limited places like in a pipe. "We hope that soft robots will no longer be limited to simple actuators （驱动器），which can only change shape in a fixed position，" says Feng.
（1）What will the robot do when an obstacle is beyond its reach？ 　 　
A．Give up reaching it.
B．Go back to ask for help.
C．Search for another one.
D．Turn to the people around.
（2）What will happen when the robot is heated？ 　 　
A．It will become a spring.
B．It will change faster.
C．It will change its shape.
D．It will be out of control.
（3）What can affect the rolling speed of the robot？ 　 　
A．How heavy it is.
B．How long it is.
C．What it looks like.
D．What direction it rolls in.
（4）How does Feng expect the robot to become？ 　 　
A．More beautiful.
B．More accessible.
C．More convenient.
D．More powerful.
passage 13
A new kind of solar panel，developed at the University of Michigan，has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen—imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis（光合作用）.The outdoor version of the experiment，with less reliable sunlight and temperature，achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel.However，indoors，the system achieved 9% efficiency.
But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen.This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor（半导体），typically the most expensive part of the device.The team's self﹣healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light equivalent to 160 suns.
"We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural photosynthesis，which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality，" said Zetian Mi，U﹣M professor of electrical and computer engineering who led the study reported in Nature.
The new technology has two advances.The first is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light. "We reduced the size of the semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low light intensity，" said Peng Zhou，U﹣M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and first author of the study. "Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap."
And the second is using both the higher energy part of the solar spectrum（光谱） to break down water and the lower part of the spectrum to provide heat that encourages the reaction.The magic is enabled by a semiconductor catalyst（催化剂） that improves itself with use，resisting the degradation（降解） that such catalysts usually experience when they trap sunlight to drive chemical reactions.
The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to achieve superhigh purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells.
（1）What leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen？ 　 　
A．Solar energy.
B．Smaller semiconductors.
C．Natural photosynthesis.
D．More concentrated light.
（2）What is an advantage of the new technology？ 　 　
A．A catalyst easily available.
B．Creative use of the solar spectrum.
C．Outstanding ability to reflect light.
D．A semiconductor working at low light intensity.
（3）Why are the two advances of the new solar panel mentioned？ 　 　
A．To introduce a greener lifestyle.
B．To promote its commercial value.
C．To state its technical breakthrough.
D．To advertise the potential application.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．A．New Trend in Water Usage.
B．The Future of Sustainable Hydrogen.
C．Solar Energy：More Efficient，Greener.
D．Cheaper Hydrogen Through Solar Power.
passage 14
First the robots came for our jobs.Now they're coming for our hobbies.Google's DeepMind AI lab has been busy the past few years，creating programs to take on human players across a variety of games.In 2016 its AlphaGo beat the best Go player in the world.Earlier this year，its Alpha Star defeated two middle﹣tier players at the popular online game StarCraft II.Now it's learning to win at multiplayer games.
"Artificially intelligent agents are getting better and better at two﹣player games，but most real﹣world endeavors require teamwork，" DeepMind's researchers wrote in a paper published in Science in June.
To be sure，computers have been proving their dominance （优越） over humans in one﹣on﹣one turn﹣based games such as chess ever since IBM's Deep Blue beat Russian chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997.
However，successfully using teamwork to win in multiplayer games with complex environments was difficult to achieve.
For this purpose，DeepMind's researchers designed AI agents that taught themselves how to play first﹣person game Quake III Arena.The team，led by Max Jaderberg，worked on a modified （修改的） version of Quake III Arena.
The game mode they chose was "Capture （抢） the Flag".All the players must work together to steal the other team's flag while safeguarding their own.
The AI agents "trained" with 12 hours of game data，then matched up against professional game testers.The AI won 75 percent of the time，even when its reaction time artificially slowed down to human levels and when their aiming ability was similarly reduced.
And in order to make improvements，the programmers used various kinds of "rewards" to help the AI players weigh their goals and actions to help them cooperate in the teamwork.They also used randomized maps for each new match.
"That meant the solutions that the agents find have to be general– they cannot just memorize a sequence （系列） of actions，" said co﹣author Wojciech Czarnecki.
The only time humans were able to beat the AI agents was when they teamed up together.A team consisting of one human and one AI agent had a five percent greater win probability than a team of just AI agents.
Ethan Gach said at the video game news website Kotaku， "It suggests that the AI program is able to adapt to playing with non﹣AI teammates." In the near future，AI may cooperate with human beings in some other fields，such as medicine and other branches of science.
（1）What might be the most difficult task for AI agents in multiplayer games？ 　 　
A．Understanding the rules.
B．Cooperating with other players.
C．Memorizing complex actions.
D．Increasing reaction speed.
（2）How did the researchers of Google's DeepMind train AI agents？ 　 　
A．They gave various "punishments" when AI agents lost the games.
B．They made AI agents team up with non﹣professional human players.
C．They limited the time for AI agents to complete difficult tasks.
D．They put them through thousands of games with different situations.
（3）What does Gach mean in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．AI players perform better than humans in a team game.
B．AI programs should be offered more game data.
C．AI players are able to do well with human players.
D．AI programs have been successfully applied in the field of medicine.
（4）The underlined word "randomized" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as 　 　.
A．generalized
B．specialized
C．updated
D．memorized
（5）What's the best title of this passage？ 　 　
A．Researches on DeepMind AI
B．Training AI Agentn AI
C．Teaming up with AI
D．AI Competing with Human Beings
passage 15
Technology caused the problem of false news，and it's easy to think that technology can solve it and that we only need to find the right technology to solve the problem.But this approach ignores valuable lessons concerned with how we acquire knowledge.
To understand how false news comes，start with an example.Imagine you're out for drinks when one of your friends shocks the table with an unproven story about a local famous people.The story is so shocking you're not sure it could be right.But then，here's your good friend，putting their reputation on the line.Maybe you should believe it.
This is an instance of what philosophers call testimony （证词）.It's similar to the sort of testimony given in a courtroom，but it is less formal and much more frequent.Testimony happens any time you believe something because someone else proves the accuracy of the information.Most of our knowledge about the world is secondhand knowledge that comes to us through testimony.After all，we can't each do all of our own scientific research，or make our own maps of distant cities.
Social media has strange testimonial rules，and it is hard to solve the problem of false news.On Facebook，Twitter and similar platforms，people don't always mean what they say，and we don't always expect them to.A the informal Twitter：advertisement goes： "A retweet （转发推文） is not an approval." When a well﹣known politician was caught retweeting false statistics about race and crime，he told Fox News it wasn't a big deal： "am I gonna check every statistic？All it was is a retweet.It wasn't from me." Intellectually （理智上），we know that people do this all of the time on social media，and pass along news without checking its accuracy，but many of us listen to them anyway.The information they share is just too attractive to ignore﹣especially when it is about our existing political beliefs.
（1）Why do we tend to believe surprising news over drinks？ 　 　
A.We've confirmed it.
B.We may be drunken.
C.We find it amazing.
D.We trust in our friends.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" refer to in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.The statement in court.
B.The talk in a restaurant.
C.The evidence of a crime.
D.The testimony of a philosopher.
（3）Why is it easy for us to believe the content producers on social media？ 　 　
A.We are tolerant of their actions.
B.Social media have issued odd regulations.
C.We will identify with them readily.
D.Social media don't check the information.
（4）What may be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.How to Fix False News
B.How Incorrect Information Arrives
C.What Information to Acquire
D.When Testimony Disturbs Audience
passage 16
While most of us are never without our smartphones，robots may also soon become essential companions.It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan，who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments，such as injections（注射）and other unpleasant therapies in an attempt to ease their pain and defend people against anxiety.On being subjected to a moderate heat stimulus（刺激），the study participants who wore the robot experienced less pain than in the tests in which they did not wear the robot.
During the campaign to encourage vaccination against COVID﹣19，public health officials recognized that some people are simply afraid of needles，which contributed to reduced vaccination rates.While the problems of patient anxiety and pain during medical procedures have been well studied，there remains a need to test and implement solutions to help patients.
The soft fur﹣covered robot the scientists called Reliebo was designed to be attached to the participant's hand.The researchers tested its effectiveness under various conditions based on the clenching of the participant's hand，while applying the painful thermal stimulus to the other arm that was not being used to hold the robot.The researchers found that holding the robot helped relieve the experience for patients regardless of the experimental conditions used，and concluded that the feelings of well﹣being that can be created by human touch may have also been activated by the robot."It is well known that interpersonal touch can reduce pain and fear，and we believe that this effect can be achieved even with nonliving soft robots，"states Professor Tanaka.
This may be useful when actual human contact is not feasible，such as during pandemics.Future versions of the robot might use a controlled gaze or even AR（augmented reality）technologies to help build a connection with the patient or distract them from pain perception in various situations.
（1）What is the purpose of the robot？ 　 　
A.To assist doctors in injecting accurately.
B.To help relieve people's pain from injections.
C.To evaluate patients' physical and mental health.
D.To assess the effects of getting vaccinated against COVID﹣19.
（2）How does the robot ease the pain and anxiety of the patients？ 　 　
A.The robot is designed to be attached to the patients' hand.
B.The robot's soft fur gives the patients a feelings of well﹣being.
C.The robot's"interpersonal touch"creates a feelings of well﹣being.
D.The robot instructs the researchers to relieve the experience for patients.
（3）What will researchers probably do next？ 　 　
A.Develop other devices for medical treatment.
B.Carry out more and more tests on the robot.
C.Evaluate the possible risk of using the robot.
D.Promote the application of the robot worldwide.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.How to Reduce People's Fear of Injections.
B.Advanced Technology Helps to Cure Patients.
C.Being Afraid of Needles Reduced Vaccination Rates.
D.Wearable Soft Robot Helps People Scare of injections.
passage 17
A battery made of paper stands out among the 200 best inventions of the year in TIME Magazine. "It sounds impossible：Just add water to a piece of paper and get energy，" said TIME Magazine，who chose the Swiss﹣made battery as one of the winners in this year's "Experimental" inventions.
The battery was created by researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research. "Over the last decades，we have witnessed an increasing use of electronic devices，leading in turn to electronic waste （e﹣waste）becoming the world's fastest growing waste stream." wrote the researchers in their published paper.They developed the paper battery aiming to reduce the environmental impact of single﹣use electronics by turning to more environmentally friendly materials.
The battery was described to be made from paper with salt inside and based on printed inks：two kinds of inks containing different minerals acted as the positive end and the negative end.Analysis of the performance of a one﹣cell paper battery showed that after two drops of water were added，the battery started working within 20 seconds and reached a stable voltage （电压） of 1.2 V.After one hour，the one﹣cell battery's performance dropped significantly as the paper dried out.But after the researchers added two extra drops of water，its performance increased with a stable voltage of 0.5 V for another hour.
Within two to five years，the technology could be used in low﹣power electronics such as medical devices and smart packaging. "I see a new role for paper...that could also be an answer to the growing concern over e﹣waste，" said EMPA's Gustav Nystr m，the inventor.He told TIME Magazine they wanted to improve the efficiency of the battery in the futured and get it working for longer.
Each year TIME Magazine lists a selection of best inventions that "change how we live"，based on their originality，creativity，efficiency，impact and other criteria.
（1）What did the researchers aim to do by developing a paper battery？　 　
A．Create more environmentally friendly materials.
B．Win the best experimental invention of this year.
C．Reduce the impact of electronics on the environment.
D．Make the development of electronic devices grow faster.
（2）How did the researchers increase the performance of the battery？　 　
A．By rewetting the paper.
B．By dropping more ink.
C．By shortening its working hours.
D．By adding another paper battery.
（3）What aspect of the battery do the researchers plan to promote according to Gustav Nystr m？　 　
A．Its creativity.
B．Its packaging.
C．Its technology.
D．Its efficiency.
（4）What is the text mainly about？　 　
A．Scientists invent a paper battery﹣just add water.
B．Paper battery is named among world's best inventions.
C．TIME Magazine lists a selection of inventions each year.
D．A new role for paper may help reduce the electronic waste.
passage 18
Radio stations，TV stations，and online video and livestreaming platforms are forbidden to make，broadcast or spread programs that feature overeating，according to a new work plan issued by the National Development and Reform Commission，together with three other departments.
That's a positive move.It is easy to see from even a glimpse at any of the "big stomach" videos or livestreams，in which the hosts may eat a dozen hamburgers for lunch，for example，that their eating obviously exceeds a normal appetite.According to reports，such "big stomach" eaters can attract large audiences and more followers for commercial advertisements.
A good appetite can be healthy.Yet to promote such distorted eating is dangerous，not only to those doing the eating on the shows but also anyone who may be tempted to emulate or compete with them，it can cause eating disorders such as bulimia and can prove fatal.
In August 2020，a "big stomach" surnamed Wang in Shenyang city，Northeast China's Liaoning province died when preparing for his job，before which his weight rose from 100 kilos to 140 kilos.In the same month，a 3﹣year﹣ old girl called "Peppa" was found to weigh 35 kilos，far exceeding the normal weight，which aroused nationwide worries about her health.
Those appearing in such videos or livestreamings are usually hired by companies with whole teams to finish the job，and even then they often throw up during ad breaks so that they can continue their performances.And as well as by encouraging people to eat so much it may harm their health，by creating the impression that it is OK to eat to excess，such "big stomach" shows may lead to people wasting food.
Of course，that does not mean food videos or livestreamings should be curbed.A good food program can teach people how to cook delicious dishes or showcase local specialties from around the country.It could also spread the millenniums﹣long traditional food culture of China，which has made a deep impression on the whole world and got many followers.
（1）What can we know about "big stomachs"？ 　 　
A.They can draw many audiences and followers.
B.They can see videos or livestreams easily.
C.They are a positive move.
D.They often advertise their non﹣profit food.
（2）The underlined word "distorted" in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by 　 　.
A.exceptional
B.casual
C.abnormal
D.rigid
（3）Which of the following is NOT the effects of "big stomach" video or livestreaming for the eaters？ 　 　
A.They may arouse eating disorders and even death.
B.They may keep the eaters from throwing up.
C.They may mislead people into wasting food or overeating.
D.They may trigger some health problems such as overweight.
（4）What is the best title of the passage？ 　 　
A.Food livestreamings should be banned
B.Food culture of China
C.Good appetite，good health
D.Love food，love life；don't envy "big stomachs"
passage 19
Teaching artificial intelligence to understand simple physics concepts，such as that one solid object can't occupy the same space as another，could lead to more capable software that takes less computational resources to train，say researchers at DeepMind.
Now，Luis Piloto at DeepMind and his colleagues have created an AI called Physics Learning through Auto﹣encoding and Tracking Objects （PLATO） that is designed to understand that the physical world is composed of objects that follow basic physical laws.
The researchers trained PLATO to identify objects and their interactions by using simulated（模 拟的）videos of objects moving as we would expect，such as balls falling to the ground，rolling behind each other and bouncing off each other.They also gave PLATO data showing which pixels（像素） in every frame or photo belonged to each object.To test PLATO's ability to understand five physical concepts，such as solidity，persistence （that an object doesn't tend to vanish） and unchangingness （that an object tends to retain features like shape and colour），the researchers used another series of simulated videos.Some showed objects obeying the laws of physics，while others depicted ridiculous actions.They tasked PLATO to predict what would happen next in each video，and found that its predictions were reliably wrong for nonsensical videos，but usually correct for logical ones，suggesting the AI has an intuitive（直觉的）knowledge of physics.
Piloto says the results show that an object﹣centric view of the world could give an AI a more generalised and adaptable set of abilities. "If you consider，for instance，all the different scenes that an apple might be in，" he says. "You don't have to learn about an apple on a tree，versus an apple in your kitchen，versus an apple in the garbage.When you kind of separate the apple as its own thing，you're in a better position to generalise how it behaves in new systems，in new contexts.It provides learning efficiency."
"This is somewhat like teaching a kid what a car is by first teaching them what wheels and seats are，"Chen Feng at New York University says."The benefit of using object﹣centric representation，instead of raw visual inputs，makes AI learn intuitive physical concepts with better data efficiency."
（1）Why was PLATO created？ 　 　
A.To help AI process more data.
B.To teach AI researchers how to use simple physics knowledge.
C.To enable AI to comprehend simple physics concepts.
D.To have objects follow basic physical laws.
（2）What does the third paragraph mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The participants of the research.
C.The objects of the research.
D.The process of the research.
（3）What's the function of the example in paragraph four？ 　 　
A.Clarify a concept.
B.Provide theoretical basis.
C.Attract readers' attention.
D.Introduce a scene.
（4）Which word can best describe the attitude of the author towards PLATO？ 　 　
A.Unconcerned.
B.Critical.
C.Objective.
D.Indifferent.
passage 20
A group of researchers has developed a new material which is as soft as cotton but as strong as Kevlar and as conductive as many metals.It can be worn and washed like normal clothing and could eventually turn athletic clothes into smart "wearables".
The so﹣called "carbon nanotube（纳米管）threads" work similarly to the wires in an EKG （心电图）monitoring device，which measures heart rhythms to detect heart conditions.But instead of having to be patched（贴上）onto the skin，they can be sewn into a T﹣shirt and worn like normal athletic clothes，according to a new study from researches at a Rice University Brown School of Engineering lab.And unlike wires.they say the threads can comfortably move with the wearer.and be washed，stretched and worn repeatedly without breaking down.
The Rice University lab first developed carbon nanotube fiber in 2013，and has studied its use in medical operations，such as in cochlear（耳蜗的） implants for hearing loss and to repair damaged hearts.But at the time，the original filaments （细丝） were too thin to be used by a standard sewing machine.
For this latest one，researchers worked with a rope﹣maker to weave the filaments together into a material similar to regular sewing thread that could be sewn into athletic clothes.The resulting "smart" shirt provides "soft，wearable，dry sensors for continuous" EKG monitoring，the study states.
Though likely a long way off from going into production for consumers.the material could eventually help replace heavy EKG monitors in medical settings and heart rate monitoring watches.With some changes，clothes with these fibers could eventually be able to track other vital signs，according to the researchers.
"You just don't find soft，flexible，thread﹣like materials that are comfortable to the touch，that you can work with，that you can build a bridge or you can build a power line out of ，but you can also run it through a sewing machine. " said Oliver Dewy，a member of the research team. "Nothing else behaves like this. "
（1）What's the feature of the new material？ 　 　
A．It's soft but not strong enough.
B．It's flexible but not comfortable.
C．It can conduct electricity easily.
D．It's too thin to be used by a standard sewing machine.
（2）What was the carbon nanotube fiber used for initially？ 　 　
A．Measuring heart rhythms.
B．Being sewn into athletic clothes.
C．Helping patients with hearing loss.
D．Improving exercise capacity of athletes.
（3）What's Oliver Dewy's attitude to this new material？ 　 　
A．Favorable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear.
D．Critical.
（4）What's the best title of the text？ 　 　
A．The Future of Sports Clothes.
B．Portable Accurate EKG Monitoring Device.
C．The Study of Carbon Nanotube Fiber.
D．Measuring Heart Rate Through a Smart Shirt.
声明：试题解析著作权属所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2023/4/14 22:28:42；用户：13152007810；邮箱：13152007810；学号：26159584

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