资源简介 人教版八年级下册英语课本知识点梳理Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. SectionA课文内容:You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。(教材第9页,1a)【用法详解】(1)could 〔情态动词]①可以 其后接动词原形,用于提出建议或表示允许,语气比 can 委婉。You could take a break.你可以休息一下。②能 后接动词原形,表示过去的能力时,是can 的过去式。He could swim when he was five years old.他5岁时就会游泳。(2)clean up 打扫干净 是“动词+副词”结构,名词作宾语时,可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后;人称代词作宾语时,要放在动词和副词之间。He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends.他周末经常帮助父母打扫房间。Your room is dirty. You should clean it up.你的房间脏了。你应该把它打扫干净。【拓展】clean-up[ 名词〕打扫;清洁We must give our classroom a good clean-up.我们必须把教室好好打扫一下。[中考链接](河北)-Some volunteers are going to_______the central park. Let's join them.A. put up B.clean up C.look up D. give up解析:我们可用“短语辨析法”解答本题。put up意为“张贴;举起:搭建”; clean up 意为“打扫;清扫”;look up 意为“查阅;抬头看”;give up 意为“放弃”。由空格后的 the central park(中央公园 )可知此处表示“打扫中央公园,故选 clean up。 答案:BThe girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以看望生病住院的孩子们以使他们高兴起来。(教材第9页,1b)【用法详解】cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来 是“动词+副词”结构。cheer up可有宾语,也可无宾语。人称代词作宾语时,必须放在 cheer 与up 之间。He cheered up at once when l agreed to help him.当我同意帮助他时,他马上高兴起来了。He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.为了让地高兴,他带她去了电影院。The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。(教材第 9页,1b)【用法详解】give out①分发;散发 相当于 hand out, 是“动词+副词”结构。We'll give out leaflets at the supermarket after school.放学后我们将在超市发传单。②发出(光、热、声音、气味等)The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。③用完,耗尽Our supplies are giving out.我们的补给品要用完了。The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.这个女孩可以自愿参加课外学习项目来教孩子。(教材第9页,1b)【用法详解】volunteer①〔不及物动词〕自愿做;义务做 后常跟介词 in,for 等。Volunteering makes you look at the world differently.志愿服务使你对世界的看法不同。They volunteer for the work in the club.他们自愿在俱乐部里参加这项工作。②〔 及物动词〕自愿做;义务做volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after the party.聚会结束后,珍妮自愿打扫房间。③〔 可数名词〕志愿者I want to be a volunteer in the city.我想当一名城市志愿者。We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于城市公园大扫除的事。(教材第 10 页,2b)【用法详解】come up with 想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)后面常跟 idea,plan,answer 等名词,相当于 think up。Can't you come up with a better idea 难道你想不出一个更好的主意了吗 【拓展】 come 的其他常用短语有:come over 过来;顺便来访;拜访 come from 来自 come up 走近;走上前来 come down 下来come on 快点儿;加油 come true 实现 come in 进来 come out 出来;开花;( 书等 )出版[中考链接](江苏淮安)根据所给中文意思用英语完成下面句子。在七岁的时候,这个男孩经常想出一些有创意的想法。At ________7, the boy often _______ some creative ideas.解析: at the age of... 意为“在………岁时”come up with 意为“想出(主意等)”;由汉语“在七岁的时候”知用一般过去时态。come的过去式是 came。答案:the age of, came up withWe can't put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制订计划。(教材第 10页,2b)【用法详解】put of 推迟 是“动词+副词”结构,常用名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式等作宾语。put off doing sth.推迟做某事They put off the match because of the heavy rain.因为大雨,他们推迟了比赛。Please don't put off doing your homework.请你们不要拖着不做作业。【拓展】 put 的常用短语还有:put on 穿上;上演;发胖put out 熄灭put away 收起来;放好put down 放下put up 张贴;搭建;举起put back 放回原处;把(钟 )拨慢put one’s heart into 全神贯注于[中考链接](贵州安顺)-Jimmy wants to______his trip because he is too busy with his studies.put off B. wait for C. prepare for解析: 我们可用“短语辨析法”解答本题put off 意为“推迟”;wait for 意为“等待”;prepare for 意为“为……做准备”。由后面because he is too busy with his studies(因为他学习太忙了)可推知,前面应为“Jimmy 想要推迟旅行”。故选 A。 答案:ALet's make some notices,too.咱们也制作一些布告吧。(教材第 10 页,2b)【用法详解】notice[可数名词]通知;通告;布告There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”.墙上有一张告示,上面写着“禁止停车”。I'll put up a notice about the meeting我将张贴一张关于这次会议的通知。②〔 不可数名词】注意take notice of. 注意……,留意……Don't take any notice of what you read in the newspaper别在意你在报纸上看到的东西。③〔动词〕注意到;意识到 其常见用法有:a. notice sb.do/doing sth.注意到某人做了/正在做某事I noticed Jim get into the teacher's ofiice.我注意到吉姆进了老师的办公室。I noticed some students getting off the bus whenI walked past the school. 我路过学校的时候,注意到有些学生正在下车。b.notice + that 从句 注意到……She noticed that the old man had trouble breathing.她注意到那位老人呼吸困难。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我讲过去的生活经历讲过去是什么样子的。(教材第 10 页,2d)【用法详解】used to 在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法讲时,used to常与 be,have,live,stay,like,love 等词的原形连用,表示“曾………;曾经………”He used to be a climber. 他曾是一名登山者I used to live in Hangzhou.我曾住在杭州。【拓展】① used to do sth.过去常常做某事(但现在不那样做了)We used to take risks when we were children.我们是孩子的时候经常冒险。② be/get used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事My parents are used to living in the city.我父母习惯了生活在城市里。③ be used to do sth. (= be used for doing sth. )被用来做某事(动词不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态)Teapots are used to make tea.茶壶是用来泡茶的。中考链接(2020·湖南益阳)Diana used to_____to work, but now she is used to_____ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit..A. drive; walk B. drive; walking C. driving; walk解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”和“前后关系分析法”解答本题。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”,为固定搭配,第一个答题空应用drive,排除C 项;be used to doing sth,“习惯于做某事”;be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”表示被动意义。结合备选项可知,后一分句的主语 she 与 walk(步行)不是被动关系,不能用be used to do sth.结构,排除A,应选B.句意:戴安娜过去常常开车去上班,但是现在她习惯于步行去,因为她想保持健康。答案:BYeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是呀,许多老人都很孤独。(教材第 10 页,2d)【用法详解】lonely 〔形容词)①孤独的;寂寞的 指心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩。He felt very lonely without his friends.没有了朋友他感到非常孤独。②偏僻的;人迹罕至的 仅在名词前作定语。The cabin was built in a lonely spot.这个小屋建在一处偏僻的地方。[中考链接](上海)Emma felt______when her parents were on business trips.A. sadly B. angrily C. unfortunately D. lonely解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答本题。feel意为“感觉”,是连系动词,后跟形容词作表语。四个选项中只有 lonely(孤独的)是形容词。sadly(悲伤地),angrily(生气地)和 unfortunately(不幸地)都是副词。答案:DWe should listen to them and care for them.我们应该倾听他们,照顾他们。(教材第 10 页,2d)【用法详解】care for①照顾;照料 同义短语为 look after 或 take care of。Thanks a lot for caring for me when l was sick last week.非常感谢上周我生病时你照顾我。②非常喜欢 通常用于否定句或疑问句中。I don't care for basketball.我不喜欢篮球。【拓展】care about 关心;在意We should care about the lonely old people.我们应该关心那些孤独的老人。...give up several hours each week to help others.每周都腾出几个小时的时间去帮助他人。(教材第 11 页,3a)【用法详解】(1)several①〔 形容词〕几个;数个;一些修饰可数名词复数。Several years later, the dancing group came to her town again.几年后,舞蹈团又来到她的城镇。②〔代词〕几个;数个Several of us went there.我们中的几个去了那里。each 形容词 强调个性,着眼于整体中的个体,用作代词时可与of连用代词every 形容词 强调共性,着眼于整体不能与of连用辨析:each 与every 两者均可表示“每一,每个”,但用法不同。Each school has its own library.每一所学校都有自己的图书馆。He gave two to each.他给了每人两个Every child was dressed in a costume.所有孩子都穿了演出服。①each 不能与 almost,nearly及not搭配使用,而 every 可以。Almost every window was broken.几乎每扇窗户都破了。Not every student went on holiday.并非每个学生都去度假了。②each 不能用于否定句,在否定句中应用 none。None of the books are mine.没有一本书是我的。..but l want to learn more about how to care for animals.……但是我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。(教材第 11 页,3a)【用法详解】疑问词+动词不定式how to care for animals 是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作宾语。英语中疑问代词 what,who,which 和疑问副词where,when,why,how 等后面接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start is the key problem..何时出发是关键问题。I didn't decide where to live.我没有决定住在哪儿。The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构常用于 tell, know,show,leamn,teach,explain 等后作宾语,此时该结构相当于一个宾语从句。它所表示的动作通常是未发生的动作,所以在转换成宾语从句时,通常加情态动词或用将来时态。He didn't know what to say.= He didn't know what he should say.他不知道该说什么。l get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when l see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’faces. 当看到动物们(病情)渐好看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时,我产生了一种如此强烈的满足感。(教材第 11 页,3a)【用法详解】get 此句中两个 get 的用法和意义各不相同。第一个 get 用作及物动词,意为“产生;形成”常与 feeling(感觉;情感),idea(想法;主意)等词搭配使用。第二个 get 用作连系动词,意为“变得;变为”,后接形容词,表示体质、情绪、天气等方面的改变。She began to get an uncomfortable feeling that she was being watched.她开始有一种不安的感觉,有人在监视她。Think hard, and you'll get a good idea.努力想想,你会有一个好主意。It's getting hotter and hotter now现在天气变得越来越热了。(2)辨析:such与so二者都表示程度,意为“如此;这样”,其区别为:such 形容词 such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数词 名词so 副词 so+形容词/副词so+ 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数副。so + many/ much/ few/ little(少) +名词Jim made such an important decision.吉姆做了一个如此重要的决定。I have such good books to read.我有这么好的书可读。I'm so glad to hear from you.收到你的来信我很高兴。It's so nice a day!今天天气真好!There are so many visitors in the park today.今天公园里有这么多游客。【助记】such 与 so 的用法名前such, 形副so, 多多少少也用so。 little 很特殊,“小”用 such“少”用 so。strong〔形容词]①强烈的 可表示情感、欲望等强烈,也可表示风、光线气味等强烈。People have strong feelings about the decision.人们对这个决定反应强烈。strong coffee 浓咖啡The light is not very strong.光线不是很强。②强壮的,强健的 表示人、动物的机体强壮。He is a big strong man.他高大强健③坚固的;结实的 表示物体结实、坚固,不易损坏。Amy then found a strong, straight stick然后,埃米找到了一根结实的直木棍。(3)feeling 〔可数名词感觉;感触;情感由“feel(v 感受,觉得 )+ -ing”构成,表示人的喜怒、哀、乐或冷、热、累、痛等感受或感觉。a /the feeling of………的感觉It was a great feeling when I won frst prize.当我获得一等奖时,那种感觉很棒。I have a feeling of hunger. 我有一种饥饿感。(5)satisfaction 〔不可数名词]满意;满足in/with satisfaction 满足地,满意地 to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是She smiled in satisfaction.她满意地笑了,To his parents’satisfaction, Jack always finishes his homework by himself. 令他父母满意的是,杰克总是自己完成作业。The kids are siting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.这些孩子坐在图书馆里,你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每一本书走在不同的旅程中。(教材第 11 页,3a)【用法详解】go on a +名词 进行……;举行………go on a trip 去旅行 go on a ride 去兜风 go on a vacation 去度假 go on a picnic 去野餐(2)journey〔可数名词〕旅行;行程 一般指长途旅行。也可指抽象意义的“历程、过程”。Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the southwest of China,不幸的是,徐在他最后一次也是最长的一次旅行--4 年的中国西南之旅中患了重病。辨析:journey,trip与traveljourney 名词 陆上长途旅行 I'll make a long journeythis vacation. 这个假期我要作一次长途旅行。trip 名词 陆上短途旅行郊游 Let's go on a school tripon the weekend! 周末咱们进行学校郊游吧!travel 名词,动词 旅行,游历 He is having a travel in Hainan.= He is traveling in Hainan.I can do what l love to do and help others at thesame time.我可以做我喜欢做的事情,同时也能帮助他人。(教材第 11 页,3a)【用法详解】at the same time 同时 same 前面一般要加定冠词 the。They both got to school at the same time this morning.今天早上他们俩同时到校。【拓展】time 的常见短语还有:at times 有时,偶尔at all times 随时,总是at that time 在那时from time to time 有时,偶尔I'm making some signs to put up around the school.我正在制作一些标语,以张贴在学校周围。(教材第 12页,Grammar Focus)【用法详解】Put up 张贴;搭建;举起; 是“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作其宾语时应放在 put 与 up 之间。Look! There is a man putting up the notice.看!有人正在张贴布告。Put up your hands,please.请举手。【拓展】up 的常用短语还有:dress up 装扮 give up 放弃 fix up 修理;装饰 get up 起床 call up 打电话cut up 切碎 clean up打扫干净 pick up 捡起;拾起 set up 建起;设立 cheer up振奋起来中考链接(四川泸州)-How was your trip in the mountains last weekend -Fantastic. We even_______and lay in it.A. put on B. put off C. put down D. put up解析:我们可用“关键信息法”解答本题。put on“穿上;上演”;put off“推迟”;put down“放下;记下”;put up“搭起;举起;张贴”。由答题空后的a tent(帐篷)可知此处应表示“搭起”帐篷,故选 put up。答案:DHowever, few people think about what they can do to help others. 然而,很少有人考虑他们能做什么来帮助别人。(教材第 12 页,4b)【用法详解】(1)few①〔 形容词】少数的;不多的 表示否定意义,修饰可数名词复数。There are few passengers on the bus, so it's uncrowded.公交车上几乎没有乘客,所以不拥挤②〔代词〕少数的人/事物 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Few of the students are at school.没有几个学生在学校里。辨析: few, a few, little 与a little意义 修饰或指代可数 修饰或指代名词复数形式不可数名词否定( 几乎没有;少) few little肯定( 有几个;少量) a few a littleThere are few eggs on the plate, so l must buy some.盘子里没几个鸡蛋了,所以我必须买一些。There are a few eges on the plate, so I needn‘t buy any at once.盘子里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必立刻买。There's litle milk in the glass.玻璃杯里没多少牛奶了。There's a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。(四川凉山)-Susan, there is _____rice and_______noodles at home. Will you go shopping with me -Sorry, I have to wait for the postmanlittle; few B. few; little C. a few; little D. few; a little解析:我们可用“语法分析法”和“逻辑推理法”解答本题。由“Will you go shopping with me (你能和我一起去购买吗 )”可知家里的米和面条几乎没有了,应填表示否定意义的 few 或 little;rice 是不可数名词,要用 little修饰,noodles是可数名词复数,要用fewFor example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.例如,我们可以制订计划去看望生病住院的孩子们或者为无家可归的人筹钱。(教材第 12页,4b)【用法详解】(1)raise 〔及物动词)①募集;征集 raise money for 为………筹钱Each group had a task to raise money for the disabled.每个小组都有一项为残疾人筹钱的任务②举起;抬起;提高;养育Please raise your righthand.请举起你的右手Don't raise your voice at me.别对我大声嚷嚷I was born and raised a city boy.我是一个在城市里出生、长大的男孩。(2)homeless 〔形容词]无家可归的是由“名词 home +-less"构成的。英语中,后缀+less 表示否定意义,意为“没有;无”,“某些词+-less"构成形容词,是英语中的一种构词法hope(希望)→hopeless(无望的) use(用处)→useless(无用的)meaning(意义)→meaningless(毫无意义的Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.一些人甚至离职几个月到一年去另一个地方,比如非洲的一个国家,帮助那儿的人们。(教材第 12 页,4b)【用法详解】辨析:stop doing sth.与 stop to do sth.stop doing sth.停止做某事 指停止正在做的事情stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事They were very tired, but they didn't stop working他们尽管很累,但没有停止工作。We are tired. Let's stop to have a rest.我们累了,咱们停下来休息一下吧。one of+可数名词复数 …·之一English is one of my favorite subjects.英语是我最喜欢的科目之一。one of... 短语作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。One of my friends knows you.我的一个朋友认识你。I want to travel alone.我想独自旅行。(教材第12 页,4c)(1)alone 〔副词〕单独;独自在句中作状语,相当于 by oneself。He likes living alone.他喜欢独自生活。He alone understands me.唯有他理解我。(2)辨析:alone 与 lonelyalone 形容词 单独的;独自的 常作表语 强调客观情况,数量上只有一个副词 单独;独自 常作状语lonely 形容词 孤独的寂寞的 常作表语 强调主观感受,指心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩偏僻的 在名词前作定语 用来说明地方荒凉She was alone in the dark room她独自一人待在那间黑暗的屋子里。He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.他独自生活,但并不感到孤独。It's a lonely beach,那是一个人迹罕至的海滩, 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览