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You have probably heard of the Supreme Court of the United States. Why was this court created, how are the justices selected, and how is it different from other courts
The Supreme Court was created by the U.S. Constitution to balance the power of the president and Congress. It has nine justices, one of whom is the Chief Justice. The president nominates a justice, but he doesn't have the final say. His choice has to be confirmed by the Senate（参议院）. Supreme Court justices are not appointed for a fixed number of years. According to the Constitution, they "shall hold their offices during good behavior." This usually means they serve for life or until they retire. Until 1981, all the justices were male. Then Sandra Day O'Connor, who was nominated by President Ronald Reagan, became the first female justice.
About 10,000 cases are filed every year, but the Supreme Court hears only about 75—80 cases.The Supreme Court hears cases that are appealed from lower courts when these courts are not able to resolve a conflict. No new evidence is presented, and no witnesses are heard. Attorneys present their case in writing and orally. The judges listen to each side, review the evidence that was presented in the lower courts, and meet privately to decide the case. A simple majority of five justices is all that is needed to decide a case.
Once a case is heard on the Supreme Court, it cannot be heard in any other court. The justices' decision is final.
Word Note：
justice: a judge in a court of law
confirmed: formally accepted
appealed: brought from a lower court to a higher court for
review
evidence: words or objects that support the truth of something
attorney: a lawyer
Based on the reading, write T for true or F for false
1. ________ The president has the final word in selecting a Supreme Court justice.
2. ________ To decide a case, all the justices must agree.
3. ________ A Supreme Court justice can serve for life.
Discuss the questions with a partner or in a small group.
1. Is there an institution similar to the Supreme Court in your country or other countries you know about
2. What kinds of cases do you think go to the Supreme Court
Listening exercise:
One of the most famous cases heard in the Supreme Court __________ as Brown v. The Board of Education. According to an 1879 Kansas law, elementary schools ____________________
to segregate children—separate them according to race. Black and white children ____________________to different schools. School boards said that all children____________________“separate but equal" education.
In the early 1950s, when black parents tried to enroll their children in a neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas, they_____________. Oliver Brown was one of the parents. Brown's daughter(共23张PPT)
Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
Section A (GF-4c)
人教版九年级（全）
Learning Objectives
By the end of the class, we will be able to:
1. grasp the formation and usage of passive voice with modal verbs;
2. use the target languages to talk about rules and express our own
opinions.
Grammar Summary
Here are some sentences we used in the last two lessons to talk about rules and express opinions. Read and summarize the similarities.
I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to work at night.
Do you think we may be allowed to take photos if we...
I think we should be allowed to do that.
I should not be told what to do.
They all contain the structure“ modal verbs +be+past participle(过去分词)”.
含有情态动词被动语态的构成
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词（ +by+宾语）.
否定句 主语+情态动词+not + be +及物动词的过去分词（ +by +宾语）.
一般疑问句 情态动词+主语+ be +及物动词的过去分词（+by +宾语）？
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词（+by +宾语）？
e.g.
English must be used in the English club.
Magazines can’t be taken out of the library.
Should the rules be changed
When can the bridge be completed
Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in brackets. Translate them into Chinese.
1. No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems
can ___________ (solve) in the end.
2. Mobile phones should _________ (keep) off during the meeting.
3. Teenagers under eighteen must ____________ (not allow) to smoke
or drink.
4. Many parents think going to school must _________ (put) first, so
teenagers should _________________ (not encourage) to work
part-time.
be solved
be kept
not be allowed
be put
not be encouraged
含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换
含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时，有如下步骤：
（1）把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；
（2）主动句中的谓语变为“情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词”；
（3）主动句的主语在被动句中变为by的宾语；
（4）其他成分不变。
主动句：We should plant trees in spring.
被动句：Trees should be planted in spring.
Rewrite the sentences according to the example.
You must clean your bedroom every day.
Your bedroom ______________________________________.
I will do the housework in the afternoon.
The housework ___________________________________.
3. Parents will encourage their children to do social work for their
community.
Children ___________________________________________.
must be cleaned every day
should be encouraged (by their parents) to do social work for their community
will be done in the afternoon
4. Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet
Do you think teenagers ________________________________
5. Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.
Teenagers _____________________________________________.
must be kept away from the Internet
should be given chances to make their own decisions
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Should teenagers __________ (ask) to move out when they start working In many Western countries, teenagers _____________ (allow) to move out at eighteen. Their parents believe that they should be educated to take care of themselves from a young age. This way, when they _________ (start) working they can manage their own lives.
be asked
are allowed
start
However, in most Asian societies, it is not common for teenagers to ________ (move) out. Chinese parents believe that it is better for children to live with parents who can _________ (take) care of them. But the young should then look after their parents as they get older. That is why many Chinese adults ______________ (continue) to live with their parents.
move
take
continue
You and your friend are starting an English club. Make a list of rules about what should and should not be allowed.
A: Members should be allowed to use dictionaries.
B: Yes, but they should only use English-English
dictionaries.
Group Work
Rules of English Club
Members should be allowed to use English-English dictionaries.
Members shouldn’t be allowed to speak Chinese.
Members shouldn’t be allowed to come late.
Members should be allowed to express their own opinions.
...
Supplementary Material
You have probably heard of the Supreme Court of the United States. Why was this court created, how are the justices selected, and how is it different from other courts
The Supreme Court was created by the U.S. Constitution to balance the power of the president and Congress. It has nine justices, one of whom is the Chief Justice. The president nominates a justice, but he doesn't have the final say. His choice has to be confirmed by the
Read the following article. Pay special attention to the words in bold.
Senate（参议院）. Supreme Court justices are not appointed for a fixed number of years. According to the Constitution, they "shall hold their offices during good behavior." This usually means they serve for life or until they retire. Until 1981, all the justices were male. Then Sandra Day O'Connor, who was nominated by President Ronald Reagan, became the first female justice.
About 10,000 cases are filed every year, but the Supreme Court hears only about 75—80 cases.The Supreme Court hears cases that are appealed from lower courts when these courts are not able to resolve
a conflict. No new evidence is presented, and no witnesses are heard. Attorneys present their case in writing and orally. The judges listen to each side, review the evidence that was presented in the lower courts, and meet privately to decide the case. A simple majority of five justices is all that is needed to decide a case.
Once a case is heard on the Supreme Court, it cannot be heard in any other court. The justices' decision is final.
justice: a judge in a court of law
confirmed: formally accepted
appealed: brought from a lower court to a higher court for
review
evidence: words or objects that support the truth of something
attorney: a lawyer
Word Note：
1. ________ The president has the final word in selecting a
Supreme Court justice.
2. ________ To decide a case, all the justices must agree.
3. ________ A Supreme Court justice can serve for life.
COMPREHENSION
Based on the reading, write T for true or F for false.
F
F
T
THINK ABOUT IT
Discuss the questions with a partner or in a small group.
1. Is there an institution similar to the Supreme Court in your
country or other countries you know about
2. What kinds of cases do you think go to the Supreme Court
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 1
Listen to the article about a famous case. Then write T for true or F for false.
l. ________ In Kansas in 1879, schools separated black and white
children into different classrooms within schools.
2. ________ Oliver Brown was a teacher on the Topeka school board.
3. ________ In the case of Brown v. The Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of segregation.
F
F
F
EXERCISE 2
Listen to the article again. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
One of the most famous cases heard in the Supreme Court __________ as Brown v. The Board of Education. According to an 1879 Kansas law, elementary schools ____________________
to segregate children—separate them according to race. Black and white children ____________________to different schools. School boards said that all children____________________“separate but equal" education.
In the early 1950s, when black parents tried to enroll their children in a neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas, they_____________.
is known
were permitted
were sent
were given
were denied
Oliver Brown was one of the parents. Brown's daughter ____________
to walk six blocks to a school bus stop to ride a bus to her segregated school.
The Topeka school board _____________in court. The District Court ruled in favor of segregated education. Then a group of black parents challenged this "separate but equal" law and took their case to the Supreme Court in 1953. The Supreme Court ruled that children_______
____________ by segregation. All nine justices agreed that segregation was unconstitutional.
All schools in the United States _____________ by the Supreme Court's decision. All schools_____________to desegregate.
was required
was challenged
were harmed
were affected
were required
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