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中考英语专题
阅读理解（五）
如何攻克
题型分析
1
阅读理解在中考英语中,不仅是分数上的重头,而且是难度上的重头。很多同学表示：我单词、短语背了那么多,平时也做了那么多阅读题,长难句也试着攻克了,为什么做阅读理解题还是又费时间，又错很多呢？
1.首段和尾段
一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。许多文章开门见山地在第一段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论证进行总结。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus 等。主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。
2. 长难句
长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，有的句子甚至长达好几行。这些复杂的句型也往往成为了出题的重点所在。
加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。
3. 举例处
例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联，具有重大的意义，因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like等。一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读，才能保证所选答案的正确率。
4. 列举处
标志性的词汇包括：First, Second, Third… ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly… Finally; First of all, Then, In addition, Further, Furthermore, Besides, Moreover… 把这些词圈起来，考题中一般会出现四个选项对比，这样非常好在文章中找。
5. 特殊词汇处
中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解，这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。 解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文，从而推断其中意思。
6. 数字和年代
中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查，看似容易，但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数。
做题时要注意以下几点：①如果出现需要进行运算的题目，一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案；②如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合，那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题，只选择与题目相关的那个数据；③要注意年份和世纪之间的差别，比如1999 年就是20 世纪，2009年就是21 世纪，也就是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加1。
7. 专有名词
所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专有名词。在阅读文章的过程中，每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记，以便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位。
8. 最高级词汇
最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性，因而不容易产生歧义，所以也经常成为出题对象。这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级，以及以下词汇： only, sole (solely), mere (merely), sheer, simply, entirely, absolutely, just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere) 等。
9. 因果关系处
表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有： because, because of, so, for, since，as，thus，therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result; result from, result in, cause, originate from, lead to, attribute to, derive from; base, basis, reason, result, consequence 等。
10. 转折、对比、类比处
文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物，这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点。
11.引用处
说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，所以也是出题考查的热点地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。
12.段首和段尾
无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。
真题实例
2
The thing that I really miss most is playing with my friends. We were a big group of around 15 friends or more. We usually played balls in the parking lot. Our neighbors often talked about our faults because sometimes the ball hit the cars or broke the street lights, most of the time we shouted too loudly and made them annoyed.We played every day from about 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.. After that, we went back home to take a shower, have dinner and then met again. In the evening, we talked about many different topics such as collecting stamps, fishing, cartoons, popular film stars. Even though some of us had a different opinion about something sometimes, we never had an angry argument with each other.A few years later, we stopped playing because we grew up. We didn’t have enough time to do things together. Some of us started college, others got married or moved away. The group started to be smaller and smaller. Sometimes we didn’t see each other for a long time.Nowadays, I don’t hear from them. I wish I could meet them again to remember all those good times that we had in our childhood.
11. The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 1 means “_________”.A. deaf B. happy C. angry D. surprised12. How often did they play together A. Every day. B. Once a week.C. Twice a week. D. Three times a week.13. They stopped playing after some years because _________.A. they started college B. they moved awayC. they were married D. they grew up
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D【解析】【导语】本文讲述了作者儿时的一个小团体随着人们逐渐长大，有的上大学了，有的结婚搬走了，这个团体原来越小，作者很怀念这个团队，希望能再见到团队成员。【11题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Our neighbors often talked about our faults because sometimes the ball hit the cars or broke the street lights, most of the time we shouted too loudly and made them annoyed.”可知，因为作者他们大声喊叫，使邻居们很恼火，所以单词“annoyed”指的是“恼火的”，故选C。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据“We played every day from about 4 p.m. to 6 p.m..”可知，作者他们每天都在一起玩，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“A few years later, we stopped playing because we grew up.”可知，几年后，我们不再玩了，因为我们长大了，故选D。
It was a very cold day and the wind was blowing. But Li Yungang didn’t feel it. He even felt hot. After all, this 14-year-old student from Beijing Jingshan School was cutting grass for three hours.This was the first time this city boy had done any farm work. “It was not that easy. My legs and arms were sore,” he said.From now on, more Beijing middle school students will have a similar experience. More than 5,500 students from 13 city middle schools will take part in a one-week farm work program in the autumn and spring, according to the Beijing Municipal Education Commission.About 250 students from Beijing Jing School took part in it from Oct. 25 to 30. They dug peanuts（花生）, cut grass, swept fallen leaves and did other farm work.
Lin Ruohan, 13 thought the work was hard, but she a felt it was very enjoyable. “When we dig peanuts out, we must be quick to pick them up. If not, they may be covered in the ground again. We must be patient and work as a team,” she said.But when she tasted the fresh peanuts, she felt happy. “I had never eaten such sweet peanuts before,” she said.Some of her classmates also learned what kind of fruits and peanuts grow in the ground. “We learned a lot about farming by seeding（播种）them rather than just reading about them in textbooks,” she said.The farm not only gave them knowledge but also gave them a new view. “I didn’t see high buildings, but instead colorful leaves and endless fields. I felt very comfortable, and I felt closer to nature,” said Qin Yupeng, 14.14. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
14. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage A. To introduce a helpful program.B. To show us how to do farm work.C. To praise some students from city.D. To tell us knowledge about farming.15. Lin Ruohan thought the farm work was _________.A. difficult and boring B. easy but boringC. easy and interesting D. difficult but enjoyable16. Where can you probably read the passage A. In a storybook. B. In a newspaper.C. In a science book. D. In a travel magazine.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了中学将在秋季和春季参加为期一周的农活计划，以及学生们的感受等。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据“From now on, more Beijing middle school students will have a similar experience. More than 5,500 students from 13 city middle schools will take part in a one-week farm work program in the autumn and spring, according to the Beijing Municipal Education Commission.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一个有用的计划，故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“Lin Ruohan, 13thought the work was hard, but she a felt it was very enjoyable.”可知，林若涵认为这份工作很辛苦，但她觉得很享受，故选D。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中学将在秋季和春季参加为期一周的农活计划，以及学生们的感受，应该是在报纸上能看到这篇文章，故选B。
On a cold January morning, a man sat at a subway station in Washington DC and started to play the violin. He played for about 45 minutes. Three minutes went by, and a middle-aged man stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to take care of his own things. A minute later, the violinist received his first tip: a woman threw some money without stopping, and walked away. Only a 3-year-old boy took the music seriously, going over, sitting down and soon losing himself in the wonderful performance. His mother wished to hurry along, but the kid kept looking at the violinist. When he finished playing, no one noticed it. No one applauded (鼓掌).
No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth 3.5 million dollars. Joshua Bell played the same music with the same violin and the seats each cost 100 dollars at a theatre two days before. Joshua Bell’s playing in the subway station was a social experiment. It asks questions: in a common environment at a wrong hour, do we enjoy beauty Do we stop to make a response (反应) If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music. How many other things are we ignoring (忽视)
4. What’s the man’s purpose of playing the violin at the subway station A. To make some money. B. To see people’s response.C. To practice his skills. D. To teach a music lesson.5. How many people stopped to listen to the music carefully A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.6. What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph A. Don’t be always in a hurry. B. Stop to enjoy street performance.C. Enjoy beautiful music at a theatre. D. Don’t miss the wonderful moment in life.7. What is the text mainly about A. A subway story. B. A music survey.C. A social experiment. D. A talented musician.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了世界上最好的音乐家之一Joshua Bell在路边演奏，并不是每个人都停下来听，通过这个实验告诉我们，可能在生活中因为没有停下来而错过了很多东西。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据“Joshua Bell’s playing in the subway station was a social experiment. It asks questions: in a common environment at a wrong hour, do we enjoy beauty Do we stop to make a response ”可知，做这个实验的目的是为了看看人们的反应，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Only a 3-year-old boy took the music seriously, going over, sitting down and soon losing himself in the wonderful performance”可知，只有一个3岁的小孩停下来认真地听他演奏，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据“If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music. How many other things are we ignoring”可知，最后一段作者建议人们不要错过生活中美好的瞬间，故选D。
7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过世界上最好的音乐家之一Joshua Bell在路边做的一个实验，来告诉读者一个道理，所以“社会实验”能概括本文的宗旨，故选C。
Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022. People can ask the robot to write stories and emails, create instructions for cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. In its own words, it is “a language model trained in a large amount of internet text to help users get human-like text.”Compared with Siri or other chatbots, ChatGPT uses a much bigger information center for training. It also uses stronger software (软件) and hardware to learn things by itself. For example, if it provides a wrong answer to your question, you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It’s a totally different chatbot,” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Nankai University told Tianjin Daily. “The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s why it shocked the world.”
e as a university student. That’s why it shocked the world.”But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information. When Rezza, a 28-year-old from Indonesia, used the robot to write an essay (论文), it “gave out many examples which other writers actually hadn’t mentioned at all”, he told The Guardian. Since the robot is trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up biases (偏见) about certain groups. These are all things that need to be dealt with.
8. Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1 A. Succeeded greatly online. B. Done harm to the internet.C. Brought strong wind and heavy rain. D. Caused serious changes of the weather.9. Why did ChatGPT shock the world A. It can find mistakes by itself.B. It works differently from other chatbots.C. Its information center is easier to control than Siri’s.D. Its knowledge level is as high as a university student.10. What can we learn from the last paragraph A. Anybody can make mistakes. B. Anybody may give false information.C. ChatGPT needs improvement. D. ChatGPT can’t get on well with humans.11. What might be the best title of the text A. ChatGPT is Coming! B. ChatGPT is Catching the World’s Eyes!C. Can ChatGPT Take the Place of Humans D. Can ChatGPT Avoid Biases Properly
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT的功能及其存在的问题。【8题详解】句意猜测题。根据“taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022.”可知，ChatGPT自2022年11月推出以来，已经席卷了互联网，赢得了1亿用户，也就是说在网络上获得了巨大的成功，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据“The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s why it shocked the world”可知，ChatGPT显示的知识水平与大学生相同，这就是它震惊世界的原因，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据“But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information.... These are all things that need to be dealt with.”可知，ChatGPT还存在一个大问题需要去解决，也就是说还需要完善，故选C。【11题详解】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT自推出以来，已经席卷了互联网，赢得了1亿用户，还介绍了它的功能和存在的问题。B项“ChatGPT正在吸引全世界的目光”最符合文意，故选B。
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