资源简介 人教版(2019)必修3:Unit 3 省 略在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变,这种语言现象叫省略。比较常用的省略句有以下几种:一.简单句中的省略1.省略主语 —Let’s go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。 —(That)Sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 (I) Beg your pardon. 请您原谅。/请再说一遍。2.省略谓语部分 —What do you think made Mary so upset —Losing her new bicycle (made her so upset ). 丢了新自行车(使她不安)。 Some of us study Japanese; others (study) English. 我们中有些人学习日语, 有些人学习英语。 二.状语从句的省略1.在时间,条件,方式,比较,让步状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be部分。 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。 Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然累了, 但他们继续工作。 You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited. 除非你被邀请, 否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。 If (it is) possible, I’ll go outing. 如果可能的话,我将去郊游. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)expected. 这个展览比预料的还有趣。 The workers just carried out the order as (they were ) told.工人们只是按要求的做了。 He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak. 他张了张口,好像要说话。2.也可用if any/ if so/ if not代替上文中的整个句子。 Get up early tomorrow, if not, you will miss the first bus. (if not = if you don’t get up early) 明天早起,如果不的话,你将会错过第一趟公交车。 He may not be at home then, if so, leave him a note. (if so= if he is not at home)那时他可能不在家,如果这样给他留个字条吧。注意:在虚拟语气中, 常省掉if, 从句使用倒装句式。 Were I you (=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson. 如果我是你的话, 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。 三. 宾语从句的省略so和not用在一些表示看法、意见的动词之后,替代宾语从句,so表肯定,not表否定。常见的动词有:be afraid, believe, expect, hope, imagine, guess, think, suppose等。 (注:代替否定的宾语从句时,用not或not…so都可以,但be afraid, hope和guess只能用not,而不能用not…so的形式。) —Do you believe our team will win 你相信我们队将会赢吗? —I believe so. (=that our team will win)我相信会赢。 —Do you think it will rain 你认为会下雨吗? —I hope not(=that it will not rain).我希望不会。 —Will you be able to finish the job this week 这周你能完成这份工作吗? —I think not./ I don’t think so. 我认为不能。 —Can you work out the problem 你能解出这个问吗? —I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。 四.不定式的省略(一)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况1.在to do sth中,只保留不定式符号to. I asked him to see the film , but he didn’t want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影,但他不想去。 You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to ( finish the job on time ). 如果他命令你, 你最好按时完成工作。 —Will you join in the game?你愿意加入做游戏吗? —I’d be glad to (join in the game).我很高兴。 —Will you go with me 你愿意和我一起去吗 —Well, I’d like to (go with you). 嗯, 我愿意(和你一起去)。2. 在to be sth中,保留to be. —Are you a sailor 你是海员吗? —No, but I used to be (a sailor). 不,但我过去是。 The city now is much noisier than it used to be. 这个城市比过去喧闹多了. 3在to have done中,保留to have。 —Have you been to the West Lake 你去过西湖吗 —I hope to have (been to the West Lake). 我希望去过(西湖)。 —He hasn’t finished yet.他还没完成。 —Well, he ought to have (finished). 嗳,他本应该完成的。 ---- It seems that he has known the truth. 看来他已经知道了事实. ---- Yes, he seems to have. 是的,看来他好像知道了. (二)省略动词不定式符号to的情况1.动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时, 动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略 We often hear him sing the song at home. →He is often heard to sing the song at home. 我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。 2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时, 从第二个不定式起, 往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。 She’d like to take off her coat and have a break. 她想脱下外套休息一会儿。 It’s more difficult to do than to say. 做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。 3.在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。 Why get so excited 为什么变得那么激动 Why not go out for a walk 为什么不出去散散步呢?注意:but, except作介词, 后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么这些介词后的不定式不带to, 反之则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览