资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Unit 1　Looking forwards
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
Fou Ts’ong,a Chinese-born pianist known for his sensitive interpretations of Chopin,Debussy and Mozart died on Monday at a hospital in London,where he had lived for many years.He was 86.
A lover of classical music from a young age,Mr.Fou began taking piano lessons when he was 7.Mr.Fou made his first stage appearance in 1952.The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing,who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe.Mr.Fou soon moved to Poland,where he studied at Warsaw Conservatory(音乐学校) on a scholarship.To prepare for
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the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955,he practiced so diligently that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr.Fou was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global prominence when he took the third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955.He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin’s Mazurkas(《玛祖卡舞曲》).Almost overnight,he became a national hero.To China,Mr.Fou’s recognition in a well-known international competition was proof that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West.Chinese reporters flocked to interview Mr.Fou,while many others sought out his father,Fu Lei,for advice on child-rearing.
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In 1981,a volume of letters written by his father,primarily to Mr.Fou,was published in China.Full of advice,encouragement,life teachings and strict paternal love,the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese,Mr.Fu’s words resonated(共鸣) long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person,then an artist,and then a musician,and only then can you be a pianist.’”,Mr.Fou once recalled in an interview.“Even now,I believe in this order—that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了在中国出生的钢琴家傅聪。他以其对肖邦、德彪西和莫扎特的敏感诠释而闻名,他的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。
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1.What can be learned from paragraph 2
A.Fou Ts’ong competed and toured in Beijing.
B.Fou Ts’ong first performed on the stage at 7.
C.Fou Ts’ong made great efforts for competitions.
D.Fou Ts’ong started learning music in Eastern Europe.
答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955,he practiced so diligently that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.”可知,傅聪先生为比赛付出了很多。
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2.Why does Fou Ts’ong’s global recognition mean a lot to China
A.It earns Chinese art a place in the West.
B.It promotes the spread of Chinese culture.
C.It proves Chinese people’s talent for music.
D.It enables Chinese art education to be recognized.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “To China,Mr.Fou’s recognition in a well-known international competition was proof that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West.”可知,傅聪的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。
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3.What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Mr.Fu’s words.
B.Young Chinese.
C.Fou Ts’ong and his family.
D.Readers of Fu Lei’s Family Letters.
答案 A　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的 “Besides influencing a generation of Chinese,Mr.Fu’s words resonated long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.”可以看出,除了影响了一代中国人外,傅雷先生的话在他去世后很长一段时间依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣。由此推知,they这个词指的是 his words,即傅雷先生的话。
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4.Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei’s ideas in the last paragraph
A.Pursuing art is a long and painful process.
B.It requires various qualities to be a pianist.
C.Everyone should develop an interest in art.
D.Talent is of the greatest importance for a pianist.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“First you must be a person,then an artist,and then a musician,and only then can you be a pianist.”可知,傅雷先生教儿子傅聪要先成为人,再成为艺术家,再成为音乐家,最后才能成为钢琴家。这表明,傅雷先生认为成为一名钢琴家身上要具备很多品质。
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B
Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents.Once water disappears down a pipe or toilet,it’s out of sight,out of mind.The water flows into containers that carry rainwater, wastewater and solid waste away.There are three main types of sewers(下水道):sanitary sewers,storm sewers and combined sewers.Among them,sanitary sewers function as a city’s veins(静脉).Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and carried to wastewater treatment plants.There,the solid waste is separated from the water,which is then purified before being released back into the environment.It will be reused for industrial,
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agricultural or environmental purposes.Furthermore,the gas from water treatment can be used to produce energy.They not only contribute to a healthy environment and good quality of life,but also achieve the goal of sustainable development.
While wastewater collection and treatment are critical to the health of urban residents,storm sewers also play an important role.In urban areas,green has given way to concrete.As a consequence,there has been a loss of the land’s natural water retention as concrete cannot take in rainwater.When an extreme weather event causes heavy rain,storm sewers must cope with the water,so it does not flood the city.However,storm sewers are only part of the solution to water management and flood prevention.
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To reduce flooding,an integrated urban management plan has been adopted, where all the factors—storm sewers,land planning and economic development—are considered together.Engineering innovations,additional facilities and increased green space requirements in new development projects have improved water retention in cities.
Sewers help improve urban public health,prevent urban flooding and boost environmental protection.Together they protect vital water resources and maintain the safety of people and property.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市下方看不见的管道网络:下水道。
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5.What’s the function of sanitary sewers
A.Cleaning dirty water.
B.Collecting solid waste.
C.Delivering used water.
D.Producing useful gas.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and carried to wastewater treatment plants.”可知,卫生下水道主要用于收集好废水,然后输送到废水处理厂。故选C项。
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6.What does the underlined word “retention” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Absorption.
B.Treatment.
C.Purification.
D.Distribution.
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答案 A　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In urban areas,green has given way to concrete.”可知,很多城市绿地被混凝土地面代替;根据第二段画线词后“concrete cannot take in rainwater”及常识可知,混凝土无法吸收雨水,因此大面积的混凝土地面可能导致土地无法吸收到雨水,从而使自然蓄水量减少。由此推知,画线词retention与absorption意思接近,即“吸收水后储存在土地中”。故选A项。
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7.What’s the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 4
A.To explain a complicated theory.
B.To provide supporting facts.
C.To raise improved suggestions.
D.To describe a recent phenomenon.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,本段从改善城市公共卫生、防止洪水等方面说明了下水道对城市生活有很大的帮助。由此推知,作者写第四段的目的是提供支持性事实。故选B项。
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8.What is the best title for the text
A.Urban Unseen Network
B.Modern City’s Management
C.Extreme Weather’s Solution
D.Wastewater’s Potential Threat
答案 A　
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents.”可知,本文主要介绍了城市下方的看不见的管道网络。由此可知,Urban Unseen Network适合作本文标题。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
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Just breathe.Sound familiar Whether trying to decrease stress,anxiety,and muscle tension or increase our focus,we are frequently encouraged to breathe.
There is a good reason for this,particularly when it comes to muscle tension and pain.　1　When we are stressed,our muscles tense,and this tension can increase pain.Pain can also cause stress,increasing muscle tension and creating more pain.Also,it is common to hold our breath when we are stressed or in pain.　2　
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So,one helpful way to manage stress and pain is to practice relaxing our muscles and nervous system via breathing exercises.While engaging in longer relaxation exercises is beneficial,practicing brief exercises is practical.
Breathe Slowly and Rhythmically
　3　 Imagine your breath is a wave in the ocean that is slowly coming into shore and then slowly going back into the ocean.See if you can practice breathing slowly and steadily for about two to five minutes.
Lengthen the Exhale(呼) Portion of Your Breath
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The exhale is like a brake for our nervous system,helping it slow down. Practice making the exhale portion of the breath longer than the inhale:For example,if you naturally inhale to a count of three,practice slowly exhaling to a count of five.
Breathe from Your Belly(腹部)
Belly breathing tends to be the most relaxing type of breath.When you breathe using your belly,you stimulate the vagus nerve which activates the relaxation response.　4　Therefore,you feel at ease and comfortable.
It is important not to wait until tension and pain increase to practice these exercises.　5　 So just slow down and breathe on.
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A.Practice breathing in and out at a slow speed.
B.Unfortunately,doing so increases pain and stress.
C.The exhale part of the breath is the most relaxing.
D.Breathing from your nose only helps you calm down.
E.Physical pain and emotional stress often go hand in hand.
F.They will be most effective when you are not in much pain.
G.This will reduce your heart rate and blood pressure and lower stress.
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼痛的方法。
1.E　根据下文“When we are stressed,our muscles tense,and this tension can increase pain.”可知,压力和身体上的疼痛总是相伴而行。E项“Physical pain and emotional stress often go hand in hand.”符合题意。故选E项。
2. B　根据上文“Also,it is common to hold our breath when we are stressed or in pain.”并结合下文介绍通过练习呼吸来缓解压力和疼痛推知,感到压力或疼痛时屏住呼吸这种做法是错误的。B项“Unfortunately,doing so increases pain and stress.”符合题意,doing so指代上文提到的“屏住呼吸”。故选B项。
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3. A　根据小标题“Breathe Slowly and Rhythmically”可知,空处内容应与缓慢而有节奏的呼吸有关。A项“Practice breathing in and out at a slow speed.”符合本段主旨。故选A项。
4.G　根据上文“When you breathe using your belly,you stimulate the vagus nerve which activates the relaxation response.”和下文“Therefore,you feel at ease and comfortable.”可知,空处应陈述用腹部呼吸会出现什么现象,从而使人们最终放松下来。G项“This will reduce your heart rate and blood pressure and lower stress.”符合题意,This指代上文“用腹部呼吸”这件事。故选G项。
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5.F　根据上文“It is important not to wait until tension and pain increase to practice these exercises.”推知,在不太紧张和疼痛时就应该进行这样的练习,这样效果最好。F项“They will be most effective when you are not in much pain.”符合题意,选项中的They指代上文these exercises。故选F项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
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Wangdao,a biographical film about Chen Wangdao (1891—1977),was first shown at Fudan University on Mar.24,2023.“Wang Dao” is not only the name of Chen but also means 1.　　　　　　(insist) on the path of truth.
The film follows the life of Chen Wangdao.It shows how Chen 2._________　　　　　　(translate) the masterpiece The Communist Manifesto 3.　　　　　　 how a group of passionate people struggled for their dreams.It 4.　　　　　　(vivid) presents a scene in which Chen was so absorbed in his translation that he made 5.　　　　 amusing mistake.His mother put a zongzi with a bowl containing brown sugar on his desk.Moments later,his lips 6.　　　　　　　　(cover)
insisting　
translated　
and　
vividly　
an　
were covered
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in ink (墨水) as he had dipped (蘸) the zongzi into his ink.His mother jokingly asked 7. 　　　　　　(he) whether the sugar was sweet,and he said,“Yes,it is sweet enough.”
At 29,Chen finished the translation,8.　　　　　 laid the foundation for the establishment of the Communist
Party of China in 1921 and inspired many people 9. 　　　　　　(take) part in revolution (革命).
“The university decided to make the film to promote the noble character of our late headmaster,Chen Wangdao,and we hope his 10.　　　　　　(pursue) for a bright future of China can continue to inspire the young people,” said Qiu Xin,Party Chief of Fudan University.
him　
which　
to take
pursuit　
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《望道》,该电影讲述了学者陈望道追求真理的一生,展现了他高尚的品格。
1.insisting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处作means的宾语,用动词-ing形式。故填insisting。
2.translated　考查动词的时态。电影中展现的是陈先生的人生,发生在过去,how引导的宾语从句应用一般过去时,故填translated。
3.and　考查连词。分析句子可知,前后两个how分别引导名词性从句作shows的宾语,从句之间是并列关系,故填and。
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4.vividly　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,设空处修饰谓语动词presents,作状语,应用副词形式,故填vividly。
5.an　考查冠词。分析句子可知,设空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且amusing以元音音素开头,故填an。
6.were covered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作主句的谓语动词,句子在叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,cover和主语his lips之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是复数,故填were covered。
7.him　考查代词。分析句子可知,设空处作asked的宾语,应用宾格形式。故填him。
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8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词translation做补充说明,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
9.to take　考查非谓语动词。句意:29岁时,陈先生完成了翻译,这为1921年中国共产党的成立奠定了基础,并激励了许多人参加革命。inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事,故填to take。
10.pursuit　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,设空处被his修饰,作hope后宾语从句中的主语,应用名词形式,且pursuit是不可数名词。故填pursuit。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
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你所在的学习小组参加了英语项目的作业展评,商定以“我爱劳动”为主题进行创作。请你结合自己的一次劳动经历,写一篇短文,要点如下:
1.劳动过程;
2.劳动体会。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
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　　Last week,our school launched a tree-planting activity,calling on students of all grades to actively participate in it.I jumped at the opportunity.
On Tree Planting Day,we gathered at the school gate and took a coach to the destination.The teachers first showed us how to plant trees.Then we were divided into small groups to fulfill our task.We dug a hole,laid a seedling in it and put the soil back before we watered it.Finally,we used some sticks and strings to hold the newly planted tree in place.
Tired as I felt,I considered it a meaningful activity.I learned a significant life lesson:harvest and comfort can’t coexist.The same is true for study.
参考答案(共42张PPT)
Unit 2　Lessons in life
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
Aasritha Duriseti recently noticed her grandmother’s difficulty opening a bottle cap.Fortunately,she found a solution in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carson Middle School in Herndon,Virginia,whose assignment was to adapt existing products to make daily life easier for people with challenges.
Aasritha’s creativity kicked in as she researched existing bottle-opening devices.She used a piece of wood shaped like a cellphone and put three holes on it,each in different size and lined with a layer of dried,sticky hot glue,which provided firm grips(防滑力) for common bottle caps.With a simple twisting(拧) motion,her grandmother could open bottles without assistance.
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“Students in the class used more than their math,physics and tool skills.They also learned to look at problems from another’s point of view,” said Teacher Mark Bolt.“Engineers need to put themselves in their product users’ shoes to build effective solutions.”
Other students in the class also showed sensitivity as they watched friends and family struggle with daily tasks.
Michael Kuwashima noticed how dyslexia—a reading disorder that the brain tends to confuse the order of numbers,letters and other images—made it difficult for a friend to follow along on pages full of text.Therefore,Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device.“My friend could isolate(分离) small sections of text while reading,” he said.
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Arjan Garg focused on a different problem.Sometimes putting on clothes can be hard for people with a limited range of motion.Arjan created a “dressing stick” using four wood sticks of different sizes to fit different clothing.
The students tried different versions of their products along the way to make the best one to show the class.
Rather than require step-by-step directions for creating their projects,Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open.“If we want to do better,we have to have a chance to fail,” he said.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Carson Middle School八年级的机械工程课上,学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备进行改造使周围人的生活更加便利,而且还学会了站在他人的角度思考问题,关心他人的需求。
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1.Why did Aasritha create a new bottle-opening device
A.She hoped to get a higher score.
B.She was interested in engineering.
C.She had difficulty opening bottle caps.
D.She wanted to help her grandmother.
答案 D　
解析 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D项。
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2.What did students learn from the class
A.Working with others.
B.Conducting field experiments.
C.Understanding others’ feelings.
D.Communicating with product users.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“They also learned to look at problems from another’s point of view”可知,该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受,故选C项。
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3.How did students finish their assignment
A.With the aid of a guidebook.
B.Through trial and error.
C.With the help of classmates.
D.Under the detailed instructions.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Rather than require step-by-step directions for creating their projects,Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open.”可知,学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的,故选B项。
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4.What is the text mainly about
A.An inspiring class. B.An excellent teacher.
C.Some scientific methods. D.Some talented students.
答案 A　
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“Students in the class used more than their math,physics and tool skills.They also learned to look at problems from another’s point of view”可知,文章主要讲述Carson Middle School八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备,同时教会学生从他人角度思考问题,因此文章主要讲述了一门有启发性的课。故选A项。
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B
You drink diet soda enjoying the sweet taste without the guilt of calories.But scientists have long suspected a link between artificial sweeteners(甜味剂) and obesity in humans.A new study suggests that artificial sweeteners may not be as harmless as once thought.They may not only disturb the microbes(微生物) living in the bodies of humans,but some may even increase the risk of weight gain.
Every human hosts a unique group of microbes.The number of cells that make up this vast community,called microbiome(微生物群),is extremely large in the human body.It not only helps digestion but also protects against diseases.
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The disturbance to the microbiome occurs because artificial sweeteners, although zero calories for humans,serve as nutrients for some microbes,which then increase rapidly.This causes an imbalance in microbial populations that can lead to diseases.
In the study,scientists first chose 1,375 volunteers to see if they consumed artificial sweeteners in their daily lives.Then,they identified 120 volunteers who were not previously exposed to artificial sweeteners and gave them one of the four commonly used sweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,and stevia for two weeks.After that,to test how artificial sweeteners affect the body’s ability to control the sudden increase of blood sugar after consuming sugar as part of meals,volunteers were monitored for blood glucose(血糖) levels after a test glucose drink.
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The study showed that sucralose and saccharin pushed the body towards glucose intolerance,which,if sustained,can cause weight gain.However, aspartame and stevia did not affect glucose tolerance at the tested levels.“The study is the first to show that the human microbiome responds to artificial sweeteners.It’s also a convincing study to show how these sweeteners really are affecting the human body,” says Michael Goran,a professor at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.
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“This study provides evidence of both short-term harmful effects and long-term negative effects caused by artificial sweeteners,” David Katz,a nutrition specialist,says.“That does not mean artificial sweeteners should be replaced with sugar.Rather,alternative approaches to reducing sugar intake should be considered.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工甜味剂并非像人们曾经以为的那样无害。
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5.What does the new study reveal
A.Diet soda contains more calories than sugary drinks.
B.Exercise can help people reduce the risk of diseases.
C.Artificial sweeteners have negative effects on humans.
D.Obesity is the most common health problem among adults.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests that artificial sweeteners may not be as harmless as once thought.”可知,之前人们认为喝无糖饮料无害健康,而这项新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味剂是有害健康的。故选C项。
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6.How do sweeteners disturb the microbiome
A.It probably destroys the function of digestion.
B.It usually causes a rapid loss of healthy cells.
C.It sometimes feeds harmful bacteria in the body.
D.It often leads to a sharp growth of certain microbes.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The disturbance to the microbiome occurs because artificial sweeteners,although zero calories for humans,serve as nutrients for some microbes,which then increase rapidly.”可知,甜味剂为某种微生物提供营养,使它数量猛增,影响菌群平衡。故选D项。
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7.Which aspect of the experiment is talked about in paragraph 3
A.Its results.
B.Its process.
C.Its background.
D.Its subjects.
答案 B　
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的“In the study,scientists first chose...Then, they identified...and gave them...After that,to test...”可知,本段主要说了实验的过程。故选B项。
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8.What does David Katz advise people to do
A.Introduce a tax on sugary drinks.
B.Ban the use of artificial sweeteners.
C.Raise the prices of sugar-free drinks.
D.Find other ways to limit sugar intake.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That does not mean artificial sweeteners should be replaced with sugar.Rather,alternative approaches to reducing sugar intake should be considered.”可知,David建议人们不要再喝有人工甜味剂的饮料,也不建议喝含糖饮料,而是应该思考别的减少糖分摄入的方法。故选D项。
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C
A number of recent studies of families in several Asian countries help to shed light on how grandparents are involved in coparenting,which researchers define as the sharing of childcare and upbringing responsibility among two or more adults.These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.
Researcher Li Xiaowei and her coworkers recently explored parent-grandparent coparenting in China,where it is very common.In their 2019 study,nearly 180 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires(问卷调查) about their coparenting.The majority of families lived in three-generational households,and 80% of families had only one child.
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The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship,like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child.The researchers also measured how competent mothers felt in using parenting strategies and teaching their children age-appropriate skills.
The findings Mothers who had strong coparenting relationships with grandparents tended to feel more effective in their role as a parent,and,in turn,their children tended to be more socially competent.That’s because grandparents,with their rich experience,can provide support,role modeling,and encouragement when they raise children,which could influence how
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competent mothers feel in their parenting role.And when mothers are feeling more confident,they can approach parenting with more positivity,which can boost their children’s social development.
Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influence other aspects of children’s development,such as preschoolers’ effortful control—their ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and notice novelty or mistakes.For preschoolers,it might come into play when they get a gift they don’t like,or have to figure out how to share toys.
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This research on grandparents highlights that handling the coparenting relationship is not without its challenges.But grandparents’ involvement in children’s upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents themselves.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。调查发现:当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时,这种共同抚养关系会使孩子受益。
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9.What might be included in the questionnaire
A.Grandparents’ age gap.
B.The support grandparents give.
C.The income the family have.
D.Grandparents’ attitude to education.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship,like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child.”可知,问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面,由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。
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10.What is the conclusion of the study
A.Parents and grandparents can get along well.
B.Mothers’ ability has an effect on their children.
C.Good coparenting relationships benefit children.
D.Parent-grandparent coparenting is becoming popular.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。根据文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究发现良好的共同抚养关系会让孩子受益。
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11.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A.Effortful control.
B.The response.
C.The development.
D.The mistake.
答案 A　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同养育会影响孩子的努力控制能力,因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时,这种控制力可能就会发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。
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12.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Trend of Coparenting Is Catching on in Asia
B.How Young Parents Think of Grandparents’ Help
C.Coparenting Relationships Are Becoming Comfortable
D.What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children
答案 D　
解析 主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.”提出调查结果:在孩子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下,共同抚养对孩子是有益的;然后详细介绍了这项调查,最后在文章末尾再次重申这个观点,由此推断D选项“What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children”可以作为最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
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Growing up,I was fortunate to have dinner with my family almost every day.Sometimes,the family dinner circle　1　to include relatives stopping by.Yet,I knew some friends whose parents got home after dinner or even 　2　 the entire evening.So I 　3　 the quality time around our kitchen table,which witnessed countless valuable 　4　 in my life.
　5　,my kids cannot relate to my childhood memories.They have been left to　6　with babysitters more times than I would like to admit.My husband and I have 　7　 careers.And we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime.When this happens too often,it 　8　 the balance of our family.
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Apart from suffering from 　9　,what else can a hardworking family do I think we can all try to　10　our own ways to spend time together.Surely there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family.But I would make efforts to 　11　 and chat later that day,　12　 setting aside cellphones every time.And I even find a bedtime reading with my kids much　13　.I am also proud to have our “big breakfast” routine every Saturday.My husband serves as the head chef,and my younger son 　14　 him to make the breakfast.
I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly and will be out of the 　15　 someday.But now,I am happy to have so many wonderful things on my plate.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开,体现亲情的可贵。
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1.A.widened B.formed
C.lessened D.closed
2.A.missed B.avoided
C.enjoyed D.recorded
1.答案 A　
解析 根据下文“to include relatives stopping by”可知,家里的用餐规模会扩大,以容纳这些来访的亲戚。
2.答案 A　
解析 根据空前“parents got home after dinner or even...”可知,此处和上文形成转折关系,即父母会在晚饭时间之后回家,甚至是错过一整个晚上。
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3.A.wasted B.treasured
C.limited D.calculated
4.A.shows B.dishes
C.recipes D.moments
3.答案 B　
解析 设空处上文提到“I knew some friends whose parents got home after dinner or even 　　　the entire evening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的亲子时光。
4.答案 D　
解析 根据空前的“quality time”可知,餐桌旁见证了“我”人生中无数珍贵的瞬间。
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5.A.However B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.Besides
6.A.sleep B.dine
C.study D.play
5.答案 A　
解析 结合空前“kitchen table,which witnessed countless valuable 　　　in my life”与下文“They have been left to 　　　with babysitters”可知,作者小时候可以和父母共进晚餐,但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐,因此形成转折关系。
6.答案 B　
解析 全文围绕“一家人共进晚餐”这个话题展开,所以这里指“吃饭”。
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7.A.suitable B.flexible
C.satisfying D.demanding
8.A.maintains B.disturbs
C.improves D.strikes
7.答案 D　
解析 设空前的内容是作者和丈夫无法陪孩子共进晚餐,空后内容是他们经常晚餐时间后才结束工作,由此推知,作者和丈夫有着要求很高的工作。
8.答案 B　
解析 根据上文“And we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime.When this happens too often”可知,当父母总是无法陪孩子用餐时,就会打乱家中的平衡。
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9.A.fear B.anger
C.guilt D.hunger
10.A.predict B.create
C.evaluate D.accept
9.答案 C　
解析 联系上文“They have been left to 　　　with babysitters more times than I would like to admit.”可知,“我”因不能与孩子共进晚餐而感到愧疚。
10.答案 B　
解析 根据下文“chat...bedtime reading”和“‘big breakfast’ routine every Saturday”可知,作者是在创造自己的方式与孩子度过亲子时光。
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11.A.work out B.calm down
C.hold on D.catch up
12.A.unwillingly B.casually
C.consciously D.carelessly
11.答案 D　
解析 根据空前“there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family”可知,有时候“我”无法和家人一起用餐,所以“我”会努力弥补失去的亲子时光。
12.答案 C　
解析 根据空前“I would make efforts to 　　　and chat later”可知,“我”会有意识地收起手机,避免外界的干扰。
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13.A.louder B.shorter
C.simpler D.sweeter
14.A.assists B.guides
C.allows D.orders
13.答案 D　
解析 根据上文“when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family”可知,这让作者认为与孩子的睡前阅读时光更加甜蜜。
14.答案 A　
解析 根据空前内容“My husband serves as the head chef”可知,作者的丈夫作为主厨,儿子辅助父亲完成早餐。
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15.A.office B.kitchen
C.house D.park
答案 C　
解析 根据空前“I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly”和下文“I am happy to have so many wonderful things on my plate.”可知,此处指儿子们会离开家。
Ⅲ.读后续写
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阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After being busy for half a year,my parents decided to drive me to a scenic spot outside the city to have fun.Joyfully,we planned our driving route.
Then,on a December Saturday morning,my dad started his car and we set off with great expectations.Before long,we left the noisy city and came to the mountains.There were few vehicles on the road and the trees alongside were pretty.We felt so excited!
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As a few hours passed,we drove onto a narrow road.And minutes later,we found a river not far away from the road.The beach was very wide,and we wanted to have a rest there for a while.So my dad turned our car and drove towards it.Soon,we were driving on the sandy beach.Moments later,our car wheels were struggling in the increasingly soft sand.But my dad wanted to get closer to the river.
Before he regretted it,our car had got stuck in the sand.My dad tried to turn around or move back,but the car didn’t move.We were worried,trapped in the middle of nowhere.Even worse,it began raining and was cold.We got out of the car and tried to push it,but failed.After a couple of minutes,we were tired and our hair and coats were a little wet.But the car only sank further into the sand.
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Anxiously,we walked to the road,eager to stop a vehicle and let it help pull our car out of the sand.Our coats and hair were wetter and wetter.Before the journey,we hadn’t prepared umbrellas or carried any food.Now,we were hungry and cold,standing in the rain.After waiting for a long time,there wasn’t one vehicle passing.
Just when we were helpless,we saw a farmhouse not far away.“Can they help us ” I asked.My dad was
doubtful.Still,we reached there,and found it was a big family.They seemed poor and unfriendly.My dad told them our problem and begged them to help us pull our car out.
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注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
To our surprise,they nodded without thinking.
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My dad was so grateful that he handed some money to the family to thank them.
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参考答案
　　To our surprise,they nodded without thinking.They quickly found some ropes and tools.And they all,including a sixty-year-old man,two tall sons,their wives and several cheerful children,followed us.When reaching the beach,some of us pushed the car while others pulled it out with all strength.We tried hard,but the car didn’t move.Just then,my father saw that many faces of this family were covered with sweat,but they didn’t leave.Finally,after we tried many times,the car was pulled out of the sand.
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My dad was so grateful that he handed some money to the family to thank them.However,they refused.Instead,they invited us to have a meal and offered to dry our coats.At their insistence,we returned to their home again,where the women went to prepare the meal while the men lit a big fire using firewood. The family offered us clean coats and hung our wet ones near the fire.We sat around the fire,and soon felt warm.Later,we enjoyed their delicious meal.That experience made me know that there are many helpful people who don’t expect anything in return.(共32张PPT)
Unit 3　The world meets China
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
“I know when to go out,and when to stay in.”,English rock star David Bowie once confidently sang in his hit single.When it comes to consuming food,the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve.I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order home delivery.
To begin with,when setting foot in a restaurant,we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us,but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place,the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music.To eat out is to
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experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant.Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery.Eating out is, without doubt,the more exciting and thus better choice.
Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful.Whether it is because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones,going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.
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We could take it as an opportunity for self-care—to treat ourselves by dressing up,arriving in style at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul.Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while eating out is an escape for the trapped individual.Food delivery app users reason it’s a trouble and less convenient to dress up and eat out.
However,it’s worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery.There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back.What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient.Consequently,it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,告诉读者“在外面吃饭”是更好的选择。
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1.What does the author mainly talk about
A.Dining options.　　　　 B.Cuisine culture.
C.Consumption level. D.Food categories.
答案 A　
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order home delivery.”和最后一段中的“Consequently,it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”可知,作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,认为在外就餐更有意义。由此可知,作者主要谈论了用餐选择问题。
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2.What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph 2
A.Quality service.
B.Comfort and convenience.
C.Sensory enjoyment.
D.A reasonable mix of nutrition.
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答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To begin with,when setting foot in a restaurant,we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us,but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place,the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music.”可知,第二段强调了外出就餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受。由此可知,第二段强调了外出就餐的好处是可以获得感官上的享受。
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3.What does the author think of ordering home delivery
A.It’s quite pricy.
B.It may let consumers down.
C.It may cause food waste.
D.It’s not environmentally-friendly.
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答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back.What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient.Consequently,it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”可知,作者认为点外卖面临着物品丢失或订单错误的风险,这会让我们感到失望。由此可知,作者认为点外卖送到家可能会让消费者失望。
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4.How is the text developed
A.By providing examples.
B.By following space order.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By analyzing mental processes.
答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,告诉读者“在外面吃饭”的好处。由此可知,文章是通过作比较而展开的。
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B
As any cat owner will tell you,talking to your cat is totally normal.And even though feline(猫) friends may seem distant to these adoring talks,a new study in Animal Cognition suggests they are really listening.
Researchers in France exposed house cats to recordings of their owner or a stranger saying phrases in cat- or human-directed speech.Like baby talk,cat-directed speech is typically higher pitched with short,repetitive phrases.The team found that felines tended to react to their owner speaking in cat-directed speech—but not to their owner speaking in adult tones or to a stranger using either adult- or cat-directed speech.
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Previous research had shown similar findings in dogs,but much less is known when it comes to cats.“Some people still consider cats independent—you cannot have a real relationship with cats,” says lead study author Charlotte Mouzon,a cat behaviorist at the University of Paris Nanterre.Some people might be embarrassed about using special vocalizations for cats,she says,but this research shows “people shouldn’t be ashamed”.
Mouzon and her team recorded 16 cat owners saying such as “Do you want to play ” or “Do you want a treat ” in cat- and human-directed speech.Then they filmed each cat before,during and after playing it a series of recordings of its owner and other owners’ speech.The researchers used software to rate the cats’ reactions from multiple dimensions,making the result more convincing.
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“Although cats have a reputation for ignoring their owners,a growing body of research indicates that cats pay close attention to humans,” says Kristyn Vitale,a cat behavior scientist at Unity College in Maine,who was not involved in the study.“Cats can learn that specific speech has certain meanings.” But she notes the study is too small and that future work is needed to expand the research to other cat populations.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项法国研究认为和宠物猫用特殊语调说话是有效的,会受到宠物猫的关注。以往研究只在狗身上展示出类似结果,这是首次在猫身上进行,具有里程碑意义,并需要进一步从其他角度进行扩展。
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5.According to paragraph 2,what do house cats respond obviously to
A.The owner’s cat-directed tone.
B.A stranger’s human-directed talks.
C.A stranger’s cat-directed recordings.
D.The owner’s human-directed speech.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The team found that felines tended to react to their owner speaking in cat-directed speech—but not to their owner speaking in adult tones or to a stranger using either adult- or cat-directed speech.”可知,宠物猫明显对主人的猫式语气反应明显。故选A项。
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6.What does the underlined word “vocalizations” mean in paragraph 3
A.Strategies.
B.Trainings.
C.Sounds.
D.Rhymes.
答案 C　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Some people might be embarrassed about using special vocalizations for cats,she says,but this research shows ‘people shouldn’t be ashamed’.”可知,有些人可能会因为对猫使用特殊的声音而感到尴尬,画线单词的意思为“声音”。故选C项。
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7.What makes Mouzon’s findings more reliable
A.Continuous filming of cats’ responses.
B.Comprehensive analyses backed by software.
C.Multi-dimensional evaluations of cats’ habits.
D.Further reference to previous studies on dogs.
答案 B　
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Then they filmed each cat before, during and after playing it a series of recordings of its owner and other owners’ speech.The researchers used software to rate the cats’ reactions from multiple dimensions,making the result more convincing.”可知,该研究有计算机软件支持,从多方面对猫的反应进行了综合分析使得Mouzon的研究更加可靠。故选B项。
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8.What is the limitation of Mouzon’s research
A.Lack of sample types.
B.Absence of owners’ support.
C.Absence of scientific tools.
D.Lack of experts’ involvement.
答案 A　
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But she notes the study is too small and that future work is needed to expand the research to other cat populations.”可知,虽然试验对猫有一定参考意义,但未来的研究还需要拓宽样本的数量和种类。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
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Being late is a tendency that some people cannot seem to shake.Many factors contribute to continual lateness,including time perception,time management and personality.
We all know someone who never seems to be on time,whether it’s to a lunch date or a work meeting.　1　
“It is likely that there’s a mechanism in the brain that causes some people to be late for meetings because they underestimate the time it will take them to get there,” Hugo Spiers,a professor at University College London told Live Science.　2　 Research suggests that neurons in the hippocampus(海马体) acting as “time cells” contribute to our perception and memory of events,but why exactly some people continually underestimate time is unclear.
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One factor may be how familiar we are with a space.For the 2017 study, Spiers asked 20 students who had newly moved to London to sketch a map of their college district and estimate travel times to different destinations.The students’ space estimates expanded if they knew an area well.　3　“If you’re very familiar with a space,you start to discount the trouble it will take,” Spiers said.
Another environmental factor may be crowdedness.In a 2022 study in the journal Virtual Reality,researchers asked participants to estimate the length of more or less crowded simulated(模拟的) subway trips.They found that crowded commutes felt like they took 10% longer than less busy rides.　4　
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　5　 Certain character features,such as reduced conscientiousness(责任心),can cause some people to forget tasks that they had planned ahead of time.
A.Personality also plays a role in running late.
B.That was linked to it being an unpleasant experience.
C.We make time estimates based on how urgent the tasks are.
D.However,their estimates of travel time contracted with familiarity.
E.But is there a good explanation for why some people are always late
F.A region of the brain,called hippocampus,processes some aspects of time.
G.That’s because people who run late tell themselves and others they can be punctual.
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么有些人似乎从不准时,无论是午餐约会还是工作会议。
1.E　根据空前内容“We all know someone who never seems to be on time,whether it’s to a lunch date or a work meeting.”可知,有些人从不准时。而下一段开始解释人们为什么不准时。E项“But is there a good explanation for why some people are always late ”承上启下,符合上下文内容。故选E项。
2.F　根据空后内容“Research suggests that neurons in the hippocampus acting as ‘time cells’ contribute to our perception and memory of events,but why exactly some people continually underestimate time is unclear.”可知,空
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后解释了海马体的作用。F项“A region of the brain,called hippocampus, processes some aspects of time.”提出海马体这一概念,与空后内容呼应。故选F项。
3. D　根据空前内容“One factor may be...”可知,如果学生对一个地区很了解,那么他对空间的估计也会扩大。D项“However,their estimates of travel time contracted with familiarity.”与上文内容保持一致,指的是如果学生对一个地区很了解,那么他就会对自己去某个目的地花费的时间做出不精准的估算。故选D项。
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4. B　根据空前内容“In a 2022 study...”可知,如果通勤拥挤那么参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。B项 “That was linked to it being an unpleasant experience.”解释了为什么如果通勤拥挤,参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。故选B项。
5. A　根据空后内容“Certain character features,such as reduced conscientiousness,can cause some people to forget tasks that they had planned ahead of time.”可知,空后讲述的是性格也会导致人们迟到。A项“Personality also plays a role in running late.”与下文保持一致。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
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As night fell,the summer heat faded away.On the playground of an elementary school in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,nearly 200 children and teachers 1. 　　　　(sit) on their stools(凳子) to watch the movie 1921,
2.　　　　　　gives an account of the founding of the Communist Party of China.
In front of them was a large white projector (放映机) screen 3._______　　　　　　(tie) to two bamboo poles.For most of the children,it was the first time in their lives that they 4.　　　　　　(watch) a movie on such a “giant” screen,as there is no cinema in the village.
sat　
which　
tied　
had watched
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Xu Longsheng,a 21-year-old from Beijing Normal University,and four of
5.　　　　　　(he) fellow students worked as projectionists.Although the story is set against a complex background containing many historical figures,most of the children were still 6. 　　　　　　(attract) to it,asking the college students a lot of questions.
The event is part of a project,“Taking Movies to the Countryside”,which was 7.　　　　　　(recent)
his　
attracted　
recently　
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launched by Beijing Normal University and the China Film Archive.The university is scheduled 8.　　　　　(send) 12 teams of students and teachers to around 50 rural areas,with Zunyi being the first stop and Ganzhou in Jiangxi Province as the next destination.The project aims to improve aesthetic (美学的) education 9.　　　　　　rural areas,as well as providing the students majoring in education with 10. 　　　　　　opportunity to get a taste of their future career.
to send
in　
an　
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了由北京师范大学和中国电影资料馆联合发起并主办的“电影下乡”项目,该项目旨在改善农村地区的审美教育,并为教育专业的学生提供一个体验未来职业的机会。
1.sat　考查动词的时态。结合上下文可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填sat。
2.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the movie 1921,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。
3.tied　考查非谓语动词。动词tie和screen之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填tied。
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4.had watched　考查动词的时态。“it was the first time...that...”句型中that从句谓语动词使用过去完成时,故填had watched。
5.his　考查代词。设空处修饰名词短语fellow students,应填形容词性物主代词,故填his。
6.attracted　考查非谓语动词。句子用一般过去时的被动语态,设空处应填过去分词,故填attracted。
7.recently　考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰谓语was launched,应用副词形式,故填recently。
8.to send　考查非谓语动词。be scheduled to do sth计划做某事,故填to send。
9.in　考查介词。此处指“在农村地区”,应用介词in。
10.an　考查冠词。opportunity是可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且opportunity以元音音素开头,故填an。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
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假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信请你推荐一座中国的旅游城市。请你给他写封回信,内容包括:
1.推荐的城市;
2.你的理由。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
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Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m more than delighted to know you’re coming to China to pay a visit to some famous cities.Personally,I’d like to recommend the city of Hangzhou to you.
When it comes to Hangzhou,the first thing that comes to mind is West Lake,which has been a scenic spot for hundreds of years.Besides,there are many tourist attractions in and around the city,such as Tiger-running Spring,the Lingyin Temple and Spring Dawn at Su Causeway.Most importantly,Hangzhou is home to delicious foods,such as Dongpo Pork and Longjing Shrimp.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
I hope the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoyable.(共44张PPT)
Unit 4　Everyday economics
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
Digital hoarding(also known as e-hoarding or data hoarding) means accumulating(积累) a large quantity of electronic materials,even though it is no longer valuable to the user.
Antoinette,25,said,“Though not well-organized,the WhatsApp chat with my best friends in high school will never be deleted.It’s interesting looking back at the start of the relationship so many years ago and who I was then,and I can see how the relationship has changed.”
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Besides the “friends” we keep on social media,digital files,folders,music, movies and computer programs are also forms of digital hoarding.Both undergraduates and graduates expressed feeling overwhelmed with masses of technological leftover data:lecture notes,PowerPoint slides,PDFs of research, snapshots of classroom whiteboards — not to mention their own ever-increasing Meta friends they didn’t know but were afraid of unfriending.
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I am also a digital hoarder.My first home screen is filled with apps I use every day—Meta,Spotify,Twitter,Outlook,Weather,etc.My second home screen has apps that I don’t use quite as much,but still want within easy reach—billing apps,shopping,and smart home apps.My third home screen is where things get complex and out of control,just a mess of games,business-related apps,and a ton of miscellaneous data that are hard to be grouped into one category.I keep telling myself maybe I’ll need them one day that has never come and probably never will.
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Hoarders fall into different categories.“Collectors” are organized,systematic and in control of their data.“Accidental hoarders” are disorganized,don’t know what they have,and don’t have control over it.The “compliant hoarders” keep data on behalf of their companies.Finally,“anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ties to their data and are worried about deleting it.
People are more resistant when it comes to actually getting rid of their precious possessions—perhaps because they have treated these lifeless possessions as if they had thoughts and feelings.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是数字囤积、囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。
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1.Why does the author write the text
A.To introduce digital collectors.
B.To present a modern phenomenon.
C.To advertise digital hoarding.
D.To offer tips on handling e-data.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知,本文主要围绕“数字囤积”这一社会现象展开。再结合下文内容可知,下文介绍了囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。由此可推知,本文主要是为了向读者介绍“数字囤积”这种现代社会中存在的现象。故选B项。
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2.What does the underlined word “miscellaneous” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Diverse. B.Reliable.
C.Precise. D.Suitable.
答案 A　
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“where things get complex and out of control”和“that are hard to be grouped into one category”可知, miscellaneous data指的是复杂且无法控制的东西,这种东西难以归类。由此可推测出,只有数据种类繁多且混杂,才会难以把其归类。miscellaneous意为“混杂的,各种各样的”,与diverse意思最为接近。故选A项。
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3.Which type of digital hoarder does Antoinette belong to
A.Collectors. B.Accidental hoarders.
C.Compliant hoarder. D.Anxious hoarders.
答案 D　
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段Antoinette说的话中的“It’s interesting looking back at the start of the relationship so many years ago and who I was then,and I can see how the relationship has changed.”可知,Antoinette对自己存的数据有很强的感情。再根据倒数第二段中的“Finally,‘anxious hoarders’ have strong emotional ties to their data and are worried about deleting it.”可知,Antoinette属于焦虑的囤积者。故选D项。
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4.What is the author’s attitude towards digital hoarding
A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.
C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.
答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。第四段讲述了作者也是一个数字囤积者,作者的三台电脑里都存满了东西。根据第四段中的“My first home screen is filled with apps I use every day”,“My second home screen has apps that I don’t use quite as much,but still want within easy reach”和“My third home screen is where things get complex and out of control”可知,作者在三台电脑上囤积了很多东西,但丝毫没有为此感到烦恼,这说明他对数字囤积持容忍的态度。故选C项。
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B
What defines us If pressed,I would answer that if there is any part of me that sits at my core,then surely it must be my moral centre,my deep-seated sense of right and wrong.
And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak—more determined in English,more relaxed in French,and more emotional in Czech.Is it possible that,along with these differences,my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using
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In a research led by Albert Costa,volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “train problem”:Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track,unable to move.The only way to stop the train and spare the five people is to push another stranger off a footbridge into its path.Costa and his colleagues found that posing the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as foreign tongue dramatically increased their willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge,from fewer than 20% respondents using their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
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In another research conducted by Janet Greipel,volunteers read acts that many people find immoral,such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been killed by car.Those who read the stories in a foreign language perceived these actions less wrong than those who read them in their native tongue.
The difference in this judgment comes down to two separate and competing thinking patterns—one of these,a quick and direct feeling,and the other,careful deliberation about the greatest good for the largest number.When we use a foreign language,we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our
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cognitive system.This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface(字体) makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。
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5.What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A.He invests time in studying language.
B.He perceives languages differ slightly.
C.He ignores the role of moral concepts.
D.He thinks languages relate to morals.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知,作者认为语言与道德有关。故选D项。
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6.How did the author prove his viewpoint
A.By carefully citing examples.
B.By collecting and listing data.
C.By conducting experiments.
D.By analyzing people’s habits.
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答案 A　
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In a research led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the ‘train problem’: Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track,unable to move.”以及第四段中的“In another research conducted by Janet Greipel, volunteers read acts that many people find immoral,such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been killed by car.”可知,作者通过仔细地引用例子证明他的观点。故选A项。
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7.Why are “math problems” mentioned
A.To justify a thinking pattern.
B.To present a new finding.
C.To clarify the cognitive system.
D.To warn against making mistakes.
答案 A　
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When we use a foreign language,we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our cognitive system.This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.”可推知,提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式辩护。故选A项。
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8.What’s the suitable title for the passage
A.Morality:The Core of People
B.Languages:Insights into Judgments
C.Languages:A Shaping Power to Morality
D.Morality:A New Way to Learn Languages
答案 C　
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。由此可知,C选项“语言:一种塑造道德的力量”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。
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C
Several years ago,I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was working with the team on a concussion(脑震荡) research project.The players were lined up in two rows facing each other and with little more instructions from the coach than,“on the whistle,hit the man across from you”,great concern rushed through my mind.
Professional sports get the lion’s share of attention,but over three million children and teenagers in the United States play the same game.This directly places concussion as a significant public health concern for all.
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However,for decades,concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-term consequences.Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and “play through the pain” as a sign of toughness.In 2005,with the release of the brain tissue pathology(病理学) report of Mike Webster,a retired National Football League player,our thinking on concussion began to shift.Since then,public attention has focused on this link between brain injury and blows to the head.As our understanding of concussion progressed to understanding its significance as an injury,so too did the development of player equipment.
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In the early 1900s football was played without helmets(头盔),but severe injuries,like skull fractures,led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s.Modern helmets use advanced shell materials,have moveable panels to absorb forces,and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available,guided by the newest science.
Sports are an important part of a society’s culture and they give millions of children much-needed exercise.Yet,participation in any sport carries the injury risk,and concussion will always be part of that.As those children become adults and make sports their hobby or even career,ensuring they play safely at all levels is essential.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述运动中的安全问题,以脑震荡为例,由一开始的忽视到后来得到重视的过程,以此来告诉我们运动中安全问题至关重要。
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9.What made the author feel concerned
A.The coach’s inexperience.
B.The physical conflicts among the players.
C.Unawareness of the potential injuries.
D.The unpredictable outcome of the project.
答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“Several years ago,I was...great concern rushed through my mind.”可知,作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目,而教练命令队员去打对面的人,由此可推断出,作者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。
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10.What did athletes use to do when meeting with sports-related concussion
A.They tended to ignore it.
B.They felt scared about it.
C.They quit playing immediately.
D.They refused medical assistance.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“However,for decades,...to stay on the field and ‘play through the pain’ as a sign of toughness.”可知,以前,运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。
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11.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet
A.Its gradual improvement.
B.Its widespread influence.
C.The discovery of its new materials.
D.The difficulty of its mass production.
答案 A　
解析 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the early 1900s football...improve helmets as new materials become available,guided by the newest science.”可知,该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。
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12.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Exercise is vital for children.
B.Sports safety can’t be overemphasized.
C.No participation in sports is without injuries.
D.Concussion is the most common injury in sports.
答案 B　
解析 推理判断题。根据文章的最后两句“Yet,participation in any sport...play safely at all levels is essential.”可以推断出,运动安全怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
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One day I was approaching several massive creatures when I came to a sudden stop.It was well beyond me that these huge animals should be limited by only some ropes.It was 　1　 that the animals could easily escape from these small ropes tied to their front legs.However,　2　,they did not.I spotted a 　3　 close by and wondered why the elephants just 　4　 where they were and had no intention to break away.
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“Well,” he replied,“as they’re very 　5　 we tie them with the same 　6　 rope and it’s enough to 　7　 them for their age.As they grow up,they’re 　8　 to hold the belief that they can never run away.They think the ropes are bound to 　9　 hold them,so they do not struggle to break free.” I was 　10　.The large animals could easily move away from their 　11　 but they felt they couldn’t,so they were 　12　 right there.
In our life a number of people are 　13　 with the same wrong self-limiting belief—I’m not excellent enough or why try it if I’m not going to 　14　 it.However,we oughtn’t to 　15　 our capability,talent and potential.Instead, we should believe in ourselves.After all,we need to change with the times and think outside the box.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者看到大象被细绳绑住但不逃脱的原因的解释,提到了生活中也有一些类似的人,他们低估自己的能力、才能和潜力,认为自己不会成功。最后作者指出,我们应该相信自己,需要与时俱进,跳出思维定式。
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1.A.important B.obvious
C.necessary D.hopeful
2.A.at that time B.from then on
C.in that case　 D.for some reason
1.答案 B　
解析 根据上文“these huge animals should be limited by only some ropes”可知,对于大型动物而言,轻松地从束缚它们的细绳逃脱是显而易见的。
2.答案 D　
解析 结合上文“the animals could easily escape from these small ropes tied to their front legs”及“they did not”可知,这些大型动物摆脱束缚它们脚的绳子很容易,然而它们没有,所以这里指不知什么原因。
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3.A.trainer B.teacher
C.doctor D.businessman
4.A.slept B.ate
C.stood D.relaxed
3.答案 A　
解析 结合下文作者向此人询问动物不逃走的原因,可推知此人是熟悉动物知识的人,应当是动物园中的驯兽师。
4.答案 C　
解析 结合下文“had no intention to break away”可知,此处指大象仅仅站在自己被拴住的地方。
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5.A.thin B.young
C.weak D.ill
6.A.size B.color
C.style D.length
5.答案 B　
解析 结合下文“As they grow up”可知,此处指当它们还小的时候,它们就被用同样的绳子绑起来。
6.答案 A　
解析 结合上文“small ropes”可知,这里指绳子的型号、尺寸。
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7.A.attract B.train
C.cheat D.hold
8.A.encouraged B.conditioned
C.taught D.forced
7.答案 D　
解析 根据下文“hold them”可知,此处指这些绳子可以绑住它们。
8.答案 B　
解析 根据上文可知,在大象小的时候,它们就被用绳索绑住,所以到它们长大后,它们就习惯了自己永远无法逃走的想法。be conditioned to do sth习惯于做某事。
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9.A.still B.even
C.just D.hardly
10.A.thrilled B.interested
C.shocked D.disappointed
9.答案 A　
解析 根据上文“hold the belief that they can never run away”可知,大象小时候被绳子束缚着,所以它们长大后认为,绳子依然会束缚住它们。
10.答案 C　
解析 结合上文驯兽员给作者讲大象不逃脱的原因,作者应该是感到吃惊的。
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11.A.owners B.thoughts
C.habitats D.bonds
12.A.stuck B.killed
C.sold D.fed
11.答案 D　
解析 根据上文“the animals could easily escape from these small ropes tied to their front legs”可知,此处指这些大型动物可以很轻松地摆脱绳子的束缚。
12.答案 A　
解析 根据上文“had no intention to break away”可知,它们没有打算逃走,说明它们应该是被困在原地。
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13.A.laughed at B.told off
C.brought up D.relied on
14.A.mean B.catch C.get D.make
13.答案 C　
解析 结合上文讲述大象被绳子束缚的事实,可知此处指我们中的许多人也像大象那样被抚养长大。
14.答案 D　
解析 结合上文大象认为它们无法逃脱束缚它们的绳子,所以也不尝试,自然无法摆脱,只能被困在原地。此处指不能成功,为什么要尝试呢 make it成功。
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15.A.control B.underestimate
C.ignore D.develop
答案 B　
解析 根据上文“I’m not excellent enough”可知,我们认为我们不够优秀,这是对我们自己能力的低估。
Ⅲ.读后续写
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阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Surfing is a thrilling sport that requires a great deal of skills,strength,calm and determination.For teenagers,riding the waves can make their blood racing and is an addictive experience.This is the story of one teenager’s unforgettable adventure while surfing.Alex is a 16-year-old boy who grew up in a small coastal town.He is an enthusiastic surfer and spent most of his free time riding the waves.One sunny morning,he headed out to the beach to catch some waves.
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As he arrived at the beach,the sun was shining,and the waves were perfect. He grabbed his surfboard and paddled(用桨划) out into the water.He spent the next few hours surfing,and as the sun began to set,he decided to catch one more wave before heading back to shore.
Alex spotted a huge wave on the horizon and knew he had to ride it.He paddled as fast as he could,feeling the water beneath him push him forward.As he reached the top of the wave,he stood up on his board and felt the wind rush past him.The wave was huge,and Alex felt a rush of excitement as he rode it towards the shore.
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But as he approached the shore,he noticed something unusual.The water was moving violently,and he could hear a strange noise coming from beneath him.Suddenly,the wave crashed down on him,and he was thrown from his board.He hit the water hard and was pulled under by the current.
Alex struggled to reach the surface but found himself trapped in a powerful current.The current was pulling him out to sea,and he could feel himself getting further and further away from the shore.Panic set in,and he began to fear for his life.
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注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
But Alex was determined not to give up.
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The boat noticed him and headed towards him.
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参考答案
　　But Alex was determined not to give up. He attempted to swim towards the shore.But it didn’t work.The force of the wave was too great,continuing to drag him further and deeper into the sea.He struggled to the surface and took a breath,but was covered again.After what seemed like hours,the sea finally calmed down.But it was darker and Alex had no idea where he was or which direction to swim in.Luckily,he saw light in the distance and guessed it was a fishing boat.He swam hard towards the boat and shouted for help.
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The boat noticed him and headed towards him. With the help of several fishermen,Alex was rescued.Exhausted,he sank on the deck.Recalling what had happened,he couldn’t help feeling scared.If it hadn’t been for the boat,he would have been killed.It dawned on him that safety should not be disregarded for the sake of momentary thrill.(共31张PPT)
Unit 5　Into the unknown
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about With the development of AI,we may be able to understand their languages!
In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book,The Sounds of Life:How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants,she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version of Google Translate.
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All around the animal kingdom,there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and understand.Elephants,for example,talk with each other using infrasound (次声波)—far below our human hearing range.Corals(珊瑚) in the ocean also send sound waves to attract baby corals to safer areas to grow.This is surprising as corals don’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.
After the sounds are recorded,AI can study their meaning,according to the news website Vox.For example,some researchers used AI to translate bats’ 15,000 calls.They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things:food,sleep positions,occupation of personal space,and unwanted advances.
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This technology can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them.For example,bees use dances to communicate.A research team in Germany,therefore,put the bee language AI system into a robot bee.They asked the robot to create a dance route to tell the bees where the nectar(花蜜) was,Vox reported.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了能听懂动物语言的人工智能技术。
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1.What is Karen Bakker’s new book mainly about
A.How AI helps translate animals’ sounds.
B.Why AI can help people research animals.
C.How AI helps people do translations better.
D.Why animals need help from human beings.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,Karen Bakker的新书主要讲的是人工智能如何帮助翻译动物的声音。故选A项。
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2.What do we know about the sounds made by animals
A.No sounds by animals can be heard by humans.
B.The sounds guarantee animals safer areas to live.
C.Corals have ears to send and receive sound waves.
D.Elephants’ sound waves are beyond human hearing range.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All around the animal kingdom,there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and understand.Elephants,for example,talk with each other using infrasound—far below our human hearing range.”可知,大象的声波是人类听不见的。故选D项。
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3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The arguments of bats.
B.The recording of animal sounds.
C.The contents of the news website.
D.The findings of AI translation.
答案 D　
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,第四段主要讲的是人工智能翻译的发现。故选D项。
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4.How could scientists tell bees where the nectar was
A.By learning the bee language.
B.By creating a route with AI system.
C.By employing a robot bee as their guide.
D.By asking a robot bee to teach them dance.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A research team in Germany, therefore,put the bee language AI system into a robot bee.They asked the robot to create a dance route to tell the bees where the nectar was,Vox reported.”可知,科学家通过用一只机器蜜蜂做向导来告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故选C项。
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B
“Mona Lisa’s” famous smile is routinely described as ambiguous.But is it really that hard to read Apparently not.In an unusual trial,close to 100 percent of people described her expression as “happy”.
The “Mona Lisa” is often held up as a symbol of emotional mystery. Kornmeier,the German scientist,and a team used it in a study of factors that influence how humans judge visual clues such as facial expressions.Using a copy of the masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci,the team moved the model’s mouth corners slightly up and down to create eight altered images.They created four “happier” and four “sadder”“Mona Lisas”.
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A block of nine images were shown to 12 trial participants 30 times.In every showing the pictures were randomly rearranged.Then participants had to describe each of the nine images as happy or sad.
“Given the descriptions from art and art history,we thought that the original would be the most ambiguous,” Kornmeier said.Instead,“we found that Da Vinci’s original was perceived as happy in 97 percent of cases.”
The second experiment involved the original “Mona Lisa” with eight “sadder” versions.These were given even more subtle(微妙的) differences in the lip tilt(倾斜).In this test,the original was still described as happy. However,participants’ reading of the other images changed.“They were perceived a little sadder than in the first experiment,” said Kornmeier.
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The findings confirm that “we don’t have an absolute fixed scale of happiness and sadness in our brain”—and that a lot depends on context,the researcher explained.Understanding this process may be useful in the study of psychiatric(精神病学的) disorders.As for the masterpiece itself,the team believe their work has finally settled a centuries-old question.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是德国科学家Kornmeier和他的团队用《蒙娜丽莎》来研究影响人类如何判断面部表情等视觉线索的因素。
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5.What does the underlined word “ambiguous” mean in the first paragraph
A.Strange. B.Happy.
C.Sad. D.Unclear.
答案 D　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But is it really that hard to read ”可知,很多人觉得蒙娜丽莎的微笑是难解读的,也就是搞不清楚蒙娜丽莎的微笑,因此画线词ambiguous的意思是“不明朗的”,和unclear意思相近。故选D项。
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6.What is the purpose of the study led by Kornmeier
A.To create copies of altered images.
B.To answer a centuries-old question.
C.To analyze what affects humans’ visual judgement.
D.To describe the ambiguous smile of the masterpiece.
答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Kornmeier,the German scientist,and a team used it in a study of factors that influence how humans judge visual clues such as facial expressions.”可知,Kornmeier领导的这项研究的目的是分析影响人类视觉判断的因素。故选C项。
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7.What can we learn from the first experiment
A.The experiment was randomly arranged.
B.The result proved the original assumption.
C.The copies differed in “Mona Lisa’s” mouth corner.
D.Altogether 30 different images were shown to the participants.
答案 C　
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using a copy of the masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci,the team moved the model’s mouth corners slightly up and down to create eight altered images.They created four ‘happier’ and four ‘sadder’‘Mona Lisas’.”可知,我们能从第一个实验中了解到复制品的不同之处在于蒙娜丽莎的嘴角。故选C项。
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8.What will Kornmeier agree with according to the findings
A.Humans’ visual judgement will change with context.
B.Humans are better at recognizing happiness than sadness.
C.“Mona Lisa’s” smile is related with psychiatric disorders.
D.The study result can be used to treat patients with mental disorders.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The findings confirm that ‘we don’t have an absolute fixed scale of happiness and sadness in our brain’—and that a lot depends on context,the researcher explained.”可知,Kornmeier会同意的是人类的视觉判断会随着环境的变化而变化。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
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The meaning of happiness is,to an extent,subjective.But experts we surveyed emphasize the same cocktail of ingredients:a sense of control and independence,being guided by meaning and purpose,and connecting with others.　1　
Spending time with family outside of the house,and with friends in a non-professional setting,are strongly recommended.The majority do both at least once a week.　2　 John Zelenski,a psychology professor at Carleton University,describes social relationships as the chief building blocks of happiness.“We all benefit from close friendships and a general sense of respect and belonging in a community,” he says.
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Mental well-being has long been linked to sufficient sleep,and our respondents prioritize getting at least seven hours a night.　3　 Respondents say they fit it in three to six times weekly.
　4　 More than half of the experts report doing so at least three times a week.Emiliana Simon-Thomas,science director at the University of California, notes that when she’s stressed,she takes a walk and marvels at flowers, plants,birds,insects.
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She also counts breathing exercises,reading poetry,and watching stand-up comedy among her go-to coping strategies on bad days.Other experts overcome unhelpful thoughts,anxieties,and stressors by revisiting favorite books,listening to songs,or journaling.Jenn Lim reminds herself to stay curious and be gentle on herself.“If it’s within my control,then I can act better on it,” she says.　5　
Being happy is,after all,a universal and ancient pursuit.Take comfort in the knowledge that even experts find it to be a concept hard to define at times.
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A.And if it’s without,she knows to let it go.
B.Some attach importance to other entertainments.
C.Many gather socially three to four times a week.
D.Exercising or playing sports is another shared habit.
E.Most respondents set space for these interests twice a week.
F.And they largely agree happiness can be measured and taught.
G.An additional key to unlocking happiness might be nearing nature.
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能让人们幸福的事情。
1.F　上文“But experts we surveyed emphasize the same cocktail of ingredients:a sense of control and independence,being guided by meaning and purpose,and connecting with others.”指出专家对幸福的看法,空处承接上文,继续描述专家对幸福的看法,F项“他们基本上同意幸福是可以衡量和教导的”符合,其中“they”代指上文提到的experts。
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2. C　 上文“Spending time with family outside of the house,and with friends in a non-professional setting,are strongly recommended.The majority do both at least once a week.”提到我们要与家人待在屋外,与朋友在非专业的环境下相处,大多数人每周至少这样做一次,空处承接上文,C项“许多人一周聚会三到四次”符合,与上文“The majority do both at least once a week.”为并列关系,列举了人们这样做的次数。
3. D　上文“Mental well-being has long been linked to sufficient sleep,and our respondents prioritize getting at least seven hours a night.”提到受访者都有一个共同的习惯就是充足的睡眠,D项“锻炼或运动是另一个共同的习惯”指出受访者其他的习惯,即锻炼或运动,下文“Respondents say they fit it in three to six times weekly.”进一步解释了他们锻炼或运动的频次,it代指选项中的“Exercising or playing sports”。
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4.G　下文“More than half of the experts report doing so at least three times a week.Emiliana Simon-Thomas,science director at the University of California, notes that when she’s stressed,she takes a walk and marvels at flowers,plants, birds,insects.”指出接近自然能让人们感到幸福,G项“开启幸福的另一个关键可能是接近自然”能概括本段内容。
5. A　上文“Jenn Lim reminds herself to stay curious and be gentle on herself. ‘If it’s within my control,then I can act better on it,’she says.”可知,珍林认为如果好奇心在自己的控制范围之内,那么她可以做得更好,空处承接上文,继续对此进行描述,A项“如果没有,她知道该放手”假设好奇心不在自己的控制范围内该如何做。
Ⅲ.语法填空
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It is familiar to us Chinese that the year of 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit,
1.　　　　　　 reminds us of the “rabbit” on the moon,China’s Yutu-2 lunar rover (月球车).
The Yutu-2 is named 2.　　　　　　 the pet rabbit of the Chinese moon goddess Chang’e.On January 3,2019,the rover was brought to the far side of the moon by China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe.It was the first-ever soft landing on the 3.　　　　　　(previous) uncharted area of the lunar surface.
which　
after　
previously　
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The Chang’e-4 lunar probe consists of a lander and the Yutu-2 rover.Before its launch,a relay satellite 4.　　　　　　(send) into space in May 2018 to facilitate earth-moon communication.So far,the rover has collected 5._______　　　　　　(value) data on solar wind,soil,gel-like rocks and dead volcanoes.The data and images sent back by the Yutu-2 have enhanced geography knowledge of the landing site,6. 　　　　　　(deepen) understanding of the formation and evolution of the moon.
Of the many pictures of the lunar landscape 7. 　　　　　　(take) by the Yutu-2,one square object caused great debate among people on Earth.When the rover finally approached the object,it turned out to be 8.______________　　　　　　 rabbit-shaped rock.What an interesting coincidence!
was sent
valuable　
deepening　
taken　
a
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The Yutu-2 9.　　　　　　　　　(travel) more than 1,400 meters on the far side of the moon till now.It will continue to uncover more 10.__________　　　　　　(mystery) of the moon.
has travelled
mysteries　
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答案及解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的“玉兔二号”月球车的探月过程及其产生的深远意义。
1.which　考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,关系词指代前面整句话的内容,作主语,故填which。
2.after　考查介词。be named after以……名字命名。
3.previously　考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词uncharted,应用副词作状语。故填previously。
4.was sent　考查动词的时态和语态。根据in May 2018可知,应用一般过去时,send与a relay satellite是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填was sent。
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5.valuable　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词data,应用形容词作定语。
6.deepening　考查非谓语动词。此处表示前面动作产生的一种自然的结果,即属预料之中的事,应用现在分词作结果状语。
7.taken　考查非谓语动词。take与pictures是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。
8.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一块兔子形状的岩石”,应用不定冠词,rabbit-shaped是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。
9.has travelled/has traveled　考查动词的时态。根据till now可知,此处使用现在完成时,主语是单数,助动词使用has。
10.mysteries　考查名词的数。mystery“奥秘”是可数名词,前面有more,数量大于一,应用名词复数形式。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
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假定你是李华,学校英文报以“Voluntary Work Really Counts”为主题于上周末在学校展开了一次问卷调查。请你根据下列饼状图的调查结果用英文写一份报告投稿,内容包括:
1.调查的目的;
2.调查的结果;
3.你的看法。
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注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
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Voluntary Work Really Counts
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Last weekend our school carried out a questionnaire survey.Its purpose is to know whether students often do volunteer work and what kind of volunteer work they prefer.
The results show that only 16 percent of students do volunteer work regularly.Among all kinds of volunteer work,community welfare work is the most popular,accounting for 47 percent.Fundraising accounts for 32 percent. Tutoring and training accounts for 11 percent.Environmental work accounts for 10 percent,which is the least popular.
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In my opinion,all volunteer work should be developed in a balanced way.Schools should guide students in the choice of volunteer work.(共37张PPT)
Unit 6　Space and beyond
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
Researchers from Texas A&M University have developed a new bioremediation technology(生物整治技术) using plant-based material and fungi(真菌) that could clean up per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance,also called “forever chemicals” or PFAS,are found in soil,water,and even human and animal blood and may be harmful to humans and other species.They are found just about everywhere, from food wrappers to clothing.These chemicals may affect the immune system and may cause liver damage.Extremely high exposures to PFAS may also be linked to cancer.
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“PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are poisonous even in a very low concentration,” said Susie Dai,associate professor from Texas A&M.“They must be removed and destroyed to prevent human exposure and negative impacts on the ecosystem.PFAS are so stable and they can occur in water in a very low concentration and you have to concentrate them and then destroy them.”
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The only way to actually get rid of these “forever chemicals” is by burning them,which is a long and expensive process.But Texas A&M researchers have found a new way to use a plant-based material that adsorbs the pollutants.As explained by ScienceDirect,adsorption is “the use of solids for removing substances from either gas or liquid”.The adsorbent material is then consumed by microbial fungi.The team recently published their findings for the process framework,which they call RAPIMER,in Nature.
“The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framework to adsorb the PFAS,” Dai explained.“Then this material and the adsorbed chemical serve as food for a microbial fungus.Then it’s gone,and you don’t have the disposal problem.”
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This sustainable PFAS clean-up system could be mass-produced for commercial use,leading to a better way to remove these chemical pollutants from the environment.It could also come in handy as the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency considers creating PFAS thresholds(阈值) to its water quality standards.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究,科研人员开发了一种新的生物整治技术,该技术使用植物性材料和真菌,可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物质。
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1.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A.PFAS’s existing forms.
B.PFAS’s doubtful origins.
C.PFAS’s potential dangers.
D.PFAS’s wide applications.
答案 C　
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要讲述的是PFAS潜在的危险。
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2.What did Susie Dai say about PFAS
A.They are unstable.
B.They degrade easily in the environment.
C.They survive longer in water than in the air.
D.They are poisonous even in a low concentration.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“‘PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are poisonous even in a very low concentration,’ said Susie Dai,associate professor from Texas A&M.”可知,苏西认为PEAS即便浓度很低也会有毒。
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3.What happens after the plant-based material adsorbs the pollutants
A.The material gets eaten.
B.The material becomes solid.
C.The material falls into small pieces.
D.The material goes on to adsorb fungi.
答案 A　
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,这种植物性物质在吸附了PFAS后,这种材料和所吸附的化学物质就沦落为微生物真菌的食物,也就是被吃掉了。
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4.What is the author’s attitude towards the plant-based material
A.Indifferent. B.Worried.
C.Positive. D.Reserved.
答案 C　
解析 根据文章最后一段可知,作者对于这种植物性材料的前景抱有积极的态度。
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B
The UN this week launched a report urging companies to stop issuing false net-zero targets that amount to greenwashing.
Greenwashing is a term used to describe situations where companies mislead consumers by claiming to be eco-friendly or sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a core principle of their business model.Often,these industries spend more money making themselves appear sustainable than they do taking actual sustainable measures into their company.
Cities,financial institutions,and scores of companies have announced plans to reduce their emissions to zero,which,in principle,should help the fight against climate change.
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“The problem is that the criteria for these net-zero commitments have varying levels of precision and loopholes(漏洞),” said UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres during the launch of the report.
Many net-zero plans contain far-away or unclear targets and often call for the use of unproved technologies like carbon capture and tree planting,which effectively allow companies to continue polluting the atmosphere.Studies show that most of these net-zero plans will do little to stop temperatures from rising.For example,many oil majors have announced plans to reduce emissions from their operations to zero by 2050 that do not take into account the carbon emitted by the fossil fuels they sell,which would allow them to increase production.Far from decreasing,fossil fuel production is going strong.
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To close these net-zero loopholes,the UN this week released a report that includes 10 recommendations to ensure that companies,cities,regions,and other non-state actors issue credible and accountable net-zero commitments.“Their plans cannot rely on cheap carbon credits instead of immediately cutting their own emissions,” Guterres said.
Financial institutions need to cut down emissions from all their investments and businesses need to bring down the carbon footprint of their supply chain, the report said.The report’s lead author,Catherine McKenna,urged companies to release new net-zero targets within a year.The updated targets must contain concrete actionable details.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国本周发布了一份报告,敦促企业停止发布相当于“洗绿”的虚假净零目标。
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5.What does “greenwashing” refer to
A.A green technology.
B.A misleading statement.
C.A business model.
D.A spending target.
答案 B　
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is a term used to describe situations where companies mislead consumers by claiming to be eco-friendly or sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a core principle of their business model.”可推知,“洗绿”指的是一种误导性的说法。故选B项。
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6.Why does the author mention the oil majors
A.To prove oil majors are really responsible.
B.To set some good examples for other companies.
C.To show some net-zero commitments make no sense.
D.To indicate the benefit of net-zero plans to climate change.
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答案 C　
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Many net-zero plans contain far-away or unclear targets and often call for the use of unproved technologies like carbon capture and tree planting,which effectively allow companies to continue polluting the atmosphere.”可知,一些净零承诺包含遥远或不明确的目标,往往要求使用未经证实的技术,这会允许企业继续污染大气。由此推知,一些净零承诺是没有意义的。接着文章列举石油巨头的例子来说明一些净零承诺是没有意义的。故选C项。
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7.How does Guterres feel about the issued net-zero plans
A.Dissatisfied. B.Guilty.
C.Shocked. D.Confused.
答案 A　
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知,Guterres对净零计划是不满意的。故选A项。
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8.What is advised to do to fix net-zero loopholes
A.Plant more trees.
B.Share more supply chains.
C.Depend on cheap carbon credits.
D.Make concrete actionable targets.
答案 D　
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The report’s lead author,Catherine McKenna,urged companies to release new net-zero targets within a year.The updated targets must contain concrete actionable details.”可知,建议制定具体可行的目标来弥补净零漏洞。故选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
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It isn’t every day that the future and the past meet on national television.
Peter Davies,a 100-year-old World War Ⅱ veteran from Macclesfield,England struggled to find 　1　 in his life after his wife passed away.　2　,when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school,he decided to 　3　 it.
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Peter　4　 at Dean Valley Primary School,Bollington,and he is a huge hit with all of the children he tutors.He makes reading into a fun game,and his new 　5　 as a grandfatherly figure makes him feel more 　6　 to his community than ever before.“The kids are 　7　;they are like sponges(海绵),”said Peter.“I’m sure I get more out of it than the 　8　 do.I’m not this old man who lives on his own.I’m part of the 　9　,which is great.Plus my street 　10　 is extremely good because I’ll be going 　11　 in the village and a child will shout out ‘Hello Mr.Davies’,and I feel 　12　.” In 2023,Peter received a British Empire Medal(BEM) from King Charles Ⅲ!
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Now,　13　 being just famous locally,Peter is a national celebrity.He recently 　14　 on television with the youngest recipient of the BEM,18-year-old author and environmentalist Dara McAnulty.
“He is the 　15　.I am the past,” Peter said of Dara.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。100岁二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世后,在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者,与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义,他也因此成了名人。
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1.A.meaning B.wisdom C.standard D.courage
2.A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover
1.答案 A　
解析 根据本句“after his wife passed away”可知,妻子去世,他努力寻找生活的意义。
2.答案 C　
解析 根据上文“Peter Davies,a 100-year-old World War Ⅱ veteran from Macclesfield,England struggled to find 　　　in his life after his wife passed away.”可知,妻子去世后,他努力寻找生活的意义。因此当女儿给出建议时,他决定尝试。前后为因果关系。
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3.A.prove B.explore
C.manage D.attempt
4.A.works B.volunteers
C.registers D.engages
3.答案 D　
解析 解析同上一题。
4.答案 B　
解析 根据上文“when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school”可知,他的女儿建议他在当地小学提供帮助,应是做志愿者。
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5.A.reputation B.status
C.post D.state
6.A.connected B.restricted
C.equal D.inferior
5.答案 B　
解析 根据空后“as a grandfatherly figure”可知,这是一种身份。
6.答案 A　
解析 根据上文“Peter 　　　at Dean Valley Primary School,Bollington,and he is a huge hit with all of the children he tutors.”可知,他是志愿者,是与社区有联系的。
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7.A.flexible B.naughty
C.patient D.great
8.A.heroes B.humans
C.children D.adults
7.答案 D　
解析 根据下文“they are like sponges”可知,他在夸赞孩子们很棒。
8.答案 C　
解析 根据上文“‘The kids are 　　　;they are like sponges’”可知,他教的是孩子,所以他认为从这件事中,和孩子们相比,他更受益。
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9.A.society B.population C.community D.nation
10.A.reaction B.effort C.devotion D.credit
9.答案 C　
解析 根据上文“He makes reading into a fun game,and his new 　　　as a grandfatherly figure makes him feel more 　　　to his community than ever before.”可知,他因做志愿者和社区联系更紧密,因此可判断他是社区的一员。
10.答案 D　
解析 根据本句“because I’ll be going 　　　in the village and a child will shout out ‘Hello Mr.Davies’”可知,孩子们很喜欢他,跟他打招呼,说明他信誉很好。
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11.A.anywhere B.nowhere
C.somewhere D.elsewhere
12.A.grateful B.honored
C.ambitious D.surprised
11.答案 A　
解析 根据本句“a child will shout out ‘Hello Mr.Davies’”可知,无论去任何地方,都有孩子跟他打招呼。
12.答案 B　
解析 根据本句“because I’ ll be going 　　　in the village and a child will shout out ‘Hello Mr.Davies’”可知,无论去任何地方,都有孩子跟他打招呼,他感到荣幸。
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13.A.in addition to B.instead of
C.due to D.in spite of
14.A.appeared B.performed
C.advertised D.shared
13.答案 B　
解析 in addition to 除……以外;instead of 而不是;due to 因为……;in spite of 尽管。根据本句“Peter is a national celebrity”可知,他不仅是当地名人。
14.答案 A　
解析 根据空后“on television”可知,应是出现在电视上。
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15.A.prospect B.trend
C.present D.future
答案 D　
解析 根据上文“It isn’t every day that the future and the past meet on national television.”可知,首尾呼应。
Ⅲ.读后续写
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阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One New Year’s morning,as we came down to breakfast,with very shiny faces and spandy aprons(围裙),we surprisingly found Father alone in the dining room.
“Happy New Year,Papa! Where is Mother ” we cried.
“A little boy came begging and said they were starving at home,so your mother went to see and ah,here she is.”
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As Papa spoke,in came Mamma,looking very cold,rather sad,and very much excited.“Not far away from here,lives a poor woman with a little newborn baby.Six children are huddled(挤在一起) into one bed to keep from freezing for they have no fire.There is nothing to eat over there,and the oldest boy came here to tell me they were starving on this bitterly cold day.My little girls,will you give them your breakfast,as a New Year’s gift ”
We sat silent a minute and looked at the nice,hot porridge(粥),creamy milk, and good bread and butter,for we were brought up like English children,and never drank tea or coffee,or ate anything but porridge for our breakfast.
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“I wish we’d eaten it up,” thought I for I was rather a selfish child,and very hungry.
“May I go and help carry it to the poor,little children ” asked Beth,who had the tenderest heart that ever beat under a spandy apron.
“I can carry that little pot,” said little May,proudly giving the thing she loved best.
“And I shall take all the porridge,” I burst in,heartily ashamed of my first feeling.
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“You shall put on your things and help me,and when we come back,we’ll get something to eat,” said Mother,beginning to pile the bread and butter into a big basket.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
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We were soon ready and set out.
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As we made our way back home,I felt a sense of warmth in my heart.
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参考答案
　　We were soon ready and set out.Mother led the way,carrying the basket of bread and butter,while we followed with our breakfast.Arriving at the poor woman’s home,we were met with six children huddled together in one bed.Mother quickly set to work,warming the porridge on the stove while Beth and May helped to give away the bread and butter.I watched as they eagerly ate the food,their eyes shining with gratitude.
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As we made our way back home,I felt a sense of warmth in my heart.From that day forward,I knew that I would always try hard to help those in need,no matter how small the gesture is.And as we sat down to our own breakfast that day,I felt truly grateful for all that we had,and for the opportunity to give to those who had so little.Giving was far more important than taking,which made the biggest difference in people’s lives.

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