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8下 Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.知识清单 Class: Name:
【词汇拓展】：
memory .n.记忆→memorize.v.记住,回忆→memories (cn.pl.)
bear n.熊 v.忍受 toy玩具→(pl.)toys scarf 围巾,披巾,头巾→(pl.)scarves/scarfs
make .v.让，使(使设动词，后接动原)，制造→maker .n.生产者,制定者
soft. adj.软的，柔软的→(反)hard硬的→softly .adv.柔软地→soft toy软体玩具,布绒玩具
check v./n.检查;审查n.支票,账单 → check out 察看，观察
clear .adj.清楚的，明白的,晴朗的→clear .v.清除，清理→clearly .adv.清楚地，明白地
own .v.拥有,有;adj.自己的 →owner .n.主人
certain adj.某种,某事,某人;adj.确定的,无疑的→certainly .adv.无疑,肯定,当然,行
honest .adj.老实的,诚实的→(反)dishonest .adj.老实的,诚实的→honestly .adv.老实地,诚实地→honesty .n.诚实,老实
truth .n.事实,真相→true .adj.真的,事实的→truthful .adj.真实的,诚实的→truly .adv.真地,事实上地,确实地
home .n.家→homeless .adj.无家可归的,流离失所的→homesick .adj.思乡的→hometown .n.家乡
shame .n.羞耻,惭愧→shameful .adj.羞愧的,令人惭愧的→shamed .adj.人感到惭愧的
regard .v.将...认为,把...视为,看待→regarding .prep.关于
count .v.数→countless .adj.数不清的，数不尽的
especial .adj.特别的，特例的→especially .adv.尤其，特别，格外
child .n.孩子→children .n.孩子们（复数)→childlike .adj.像小孩子一样的,幼稚的→childhood .n.童年
consider .v.注视,仔细考虑→considerate .adj体贴的,深思熟虑的→consideration .n考虑,思考
P73:
辨析：
how long 多长时间 对时间段提问(多用现在完成时), 回答：for+一段时间/since+过去时间点/since+时间段+ago
how often 多久一次 对频率提问(多用一般现在时) 回答：once/twice/基数词+times; always,often，usually等频率副词.
how soon 多久以后 对in+时间段提问，（将来时） 回答：in+时间段
How far 多远 对距离提问（一般现在时），回答：①....meters/kilometers/miles/; ②基数词+ minutes'/hours’ walk/ride/drive
Eg:--How long have you had that bike over there
--I’ve had it for three years. I learned how to ride a bike on it.
注意： I’ve= I have； 现在完成时:have/has done，have作助动词.
over there在那边
learn how to do sth.学习如何去做某事
have a yard sale 举办一次庭院拍卖会 in a yard sale 在庭院拍卖会上
sale n.卖 sell v.卖①on sale 打折出售 ②for sale待售
more than+数词=over+数词：超过
①bring back sweet memories勾起甜蜜的回忆 ②bring back to...带回
give away (to sb)捐赠；捐给(sb)...
①in need 有需要的 people in need有需要的人②be in need of sth 需要sth
not...anymore = no more不再
have sth for+金钱：花多少钱买sth
It is true that 是真的，的确
P74:
toy bear玩具熊 bread maker面包机
look through仔细查看; 浏览；翻查
①fit sb. (大小)适合某人 ②keep fit/healthy 保持健康
welcome to... 欢迎来到 the Sunshine Home for Children阳光儿童之家
a couple of months 几个月=several months=a few months
a bit= a little=a little bit=kind of有点
check out 察看；观察
soft toys毛绒玩具 board games棋类游戏
for a long time很长时间
thanks so much.=thanks a lot. 非常感谢
P75:
grow up成长
junior high school初级中学 senior high school高中 a primary school一所小学
get bigger/smaller/older 变得更大/小/老
①seem to do sth.似乎要去做某事 ②seem to be+n/adj. 似乎 ③It seems that从句
give sb sth.=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物 (双宾结构)
clear out清理；丢掉 clear it/them out 动副短语，代词放中间。
①decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事 ②make a decision (to do sth )做决定/决定做sth
①no longer= not..any longer不再（时间上不再延续，常与延续性动词连用）
②no more=not...anymore不再（表示次数或程度上不再增加, 常与非延续性动词连用）
均放于be/助/情之后，实义动词之前。
at first一开始,起初 at last最后
own a train and railway set 拥有一套火车和铁路轨道的玩具
①of one’s own 属于sb自己的 ②on one’s own =alone单独地，独自地
for example，+句子= such as+n/n短语： 例如
his fourth birthday 他的第四个生日
next to...的旁边
more understanding更加懂事
even though=even if=although=though虽然；即使
feel sad to do sth 对做sth感到悲伤
part . v.放弃,交出 ①part with=give up (doing sth.)舍弃，放弃(做sth)
n. 部分,角色,参加 ②take part in sth 参加活动 ③play a part in sth 扮演角色,起作用
be certain to do sth. 确定做某事
as for me至于我
①to be honest=to tell the truth说实在的 ②an honest girl一名诚实的女孩
①for a while一会儿；一阵子 ②in a while不久,马上 ③after a while 过了一会儿 ④once in a while 有时,偶尔
What.....do with.... =How...deal with 怎样处理...
P76-P77:
The weather gets too cold 天气变得太冷
have a dog=keep a dog养狗
buy sth from....从.....买某物
one of the oldest buildings最古老的建筑之一
in her hometown.在她的家乡
around ①.adv.存在be around ②adv.在附近,在周围 ③adv.大约 ④prep.围绕,到处
at least 至少
P78-79:
millions of 数百万的... 数字+million
Some people...,others...人….另一些人
once or twice a year 一年一两次
search for=look for寻找
a 46-year-old husband and farther 一位46岁的丈夫和父亲 （year用单数）
①among在..中（三者及以上） ②between在….中（二者）
in/for the last/past 13 years 在过去的13年里
find much time to do sth. 找到许多时间做某事
①used to do sth. 过去曾经做某事 ②be used to doing sth.习惯做某事
go back/come back/return home 回家
①It's a shame=what a shame 真遗憾 ②It's a shame to do sth 做sth真遗憾
③It's a shame+that从句; .....真遗憾
Eg: It's a shame to miss the meeting. （miss错过）
regard...as...=consider...as...把…看成…
with great interest 饶有兴致地, 怀着极大的兴趣
send sb.to sp.派某人去某地
be true of 符合于……；对…适用 it is true that 的确
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
①count from....to...从...数到... ②count up to...数到.....
①the+序数词+century 在....世纪 the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
②in the+整十年份的复数形式=in the+整十年份+’s 在....世纪....年代
eg：in the 1930s=in the 1930’s 20世纪30年代
stay the same 保持相同的样子；保持不变，
①according to+n/pron/从句：依据,按照 ②according to sb=in one’s opinion 依sb之见
opposite the school =across from the school 在学校对面
a symbol of....的一个象征
such a happy childhood 一个如此幸福的童年
leave sth in one’s heart 在sb心中留下....
Eg： leave many soft and sweet memories in our hearts 在我们心中留下了温馨甜蜜的回忆
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
(be) close to.. 几乎，接近
be built by sb 被...建造
in order to do=so that+目的状语从句: 为了.....
U10单元语法：
since/for 引导的时间状语从句在现在完成时中的用法
for+时间段 ；since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+从句（一般过去时态）
补充：It is+时间段+since从句（一般过去时）
It' s five years since we met last time.
=It has been five years since we met last time.=Five years has passed since we met last time.
二：延续性动词与非延续性动词
定义： 延续性动词表示的动作可以一直延续下去；非延续性动词表示的动作一经发生立即结束，又叫瞬间动词，终止性动词。
非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换
①直接用延续性动词
buy—have borrow—keep put on—wear become—be get to know—know catch(get)a cold —have a cold
②非延续性动词转换成be+.形容词/副词/名词等
begin/start—be on; go out—be out; die—be dead; open—be open; fall ill—be ill;
leave—be away; finish—be over; get up—be up; fall asleep—be asleep; come here—be here
marry/get married—be married
eg: He bought the car two years ago.=He has had the car since two years ago.他买这辆汽车两年了。
He left Beijing in 2018.=He has been away from Beijing since 2018.他从2018年就离开北京了。
3.转换成be+介词短语
go /come/move to/arrive in/at/reach/get to — be in/at
join/take part in the army/Party —be in the.../ be a member of
eg： I bought this bike three years ago.
= I have had this bike for 3 years/ since 3 years ago.
=It is three years since I bought this bike.
=It has been three years since I bought this bike.
=Three years has passed since I bought this bike.

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