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8B Unit 4 知识点提要
一、词汇
1.读物 可n. read (a/-s) 一本好的读物 a good read 读者 可n. reader (a/-s)
2.烹饪，烹调 不可n. cooking
3.德国 n. Germany
4.Canadian ①adj. 加拿大(人)的; ②可n. 加拿大人(a/-s)
5.French ①adj. 法国(人)的; ②可n. 法国人=Frenchman ★(a/Frenchmen); ③n. 法语
6.知识 不可n. knowledge
( )1.— ____ important knowledge is to us ! We’d better read more books than before. —I can’t agree more.
A.What a B. What C. How a D. How
( )2.— ____ useful knowledge it is! —Yes.It tells us we should change the way we speak in different situations.
A. What a B. What C. How an D. How
7.空闲的，多余的 adj. spare ▲比较级：-r ▲最高级：the -st
★在某人空闲的时间里(2种)in one’s spare/free time
8.作者，作家 可n. writer (a/-s) 一位法国作家 a French writer
9.丑陋的 adj. ugly ▲比较级：uglier ▲最高级：the ugliest
10.感动，触动8BU4&触摸，碰8BU5 v. touch
▲→三单：-es →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing 过分：-ed
与某人保持联系 keep in touch with sb.
11.紧靠，碰，撞 prep. against
①紧靠★8BU4 against the wall靠在墙上
②碰，撞★8BU4 crash against撞击
③反对★ vote against投反对票、vote for 投赞成票
④对抗★9AU4 fight against (the COVID-19/disease)与...作斗争、play against与...比赛
⑤违反★9AU4 go against违反、against one’s mind/will/wish违背某人的意愿、against the law违法
⑥与...相反★9AU4 swim against the tide 逆流而上/不随大流
12.筋疲力尽（短语） be ★tired/worn out
形近词区分：tied (tie的过去式、过分) tried (try的过去式、过分)
13.捆，绑 v. tie →三单：-s →▲过去式：-d →★现分：tying →▲过分：-d
14.over prep.①从一边到另一边，即“(上方)穿过”②在正上方③在...期间=during④超过=more than⑤结束⑥遍及
15.腹部，胃 可n. stomach ★★★(a/-s)
16.直到...为止 conj. until ★直到...才... not...until...
( )1．— Can we go to public places without wearing face masks
— No. We need to wear them _______ we have won the war against the COVID 19.
A．while B．because C．until D．when
( )2. It’s a pity that smokers won’t realize the importance of health ________they lose it.
A．before B．until C．since D．If
( )3.[变式题]When I go out in the evening, my dog never goes to bed _______ I come back.
A. after B. later C. until D. if
17.手指 可n. finger (a/-s)
18.极小的 adj. tiny thiny ▲比较级：tinier ▲最高级：the tiniest 反义词：巨大的 adj. huge
19.摔倒（短语） fall over/down
fall →三单：-s →▲过去式：fell →现分：-ing →▲过去分词：fallen
20.继续 v. continue →三单：-s →▲过去式：-d →▲现分：continuing →▲过分：-d
21.也 adv. either (用于否定句句末)
22.设法完成，管理 v. manage →三单：-s →▲过去式：-d →▲现分：managing →▲过分：-d
23.大批，大群；军队 可n. army ★(an/armies)
一群... an army of... 一大群... a huge army of... 几群... armies of... 参军 join the army
24.必须，一定 情态v. must ★禁止 mustn’t
25.不能的，不会的 adj. unable (不)能够做某事 be (un)able to do sth.
26.肩膀 可n. shoulder (a/-s) [提示]根据句意选择单复数
1．While I was leaving home, my father came back with a heavy bag on his right_____ (肩膀)．
2．The young man has strong ________ (肩膀) to carry heavy bags.
3．Daniel is resting on his mother’s ________ (肩膀). He seems to be tired out.
27.举起，抬高；提高 v. lift →三单：-s →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing →过分：-ed
举起某人的手(2种) lift/raise one’s hands
28.交；递，给 v. hand →三单：-s →过去式：-ed →现分：ing →过分：-ed
29.上交，递交（短语） hand in ★★★上交它们 hand them in
30....等等（短语） ...and so on
31.评论 可n. review (a/-s)
形近词区分：★续借；更新；重新开始 v. renew
采访，会见，面试 可n. interview (an/-s) 景色，风景 可n. view (a/-s)
32.归还，返回 v. return →三单：-s →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing →过分：-ed
[重点]return意为“返回”时，不能和back连用
33.准时（短语） on time
34.每次，一次（短语）at a time
35.拒绝，回绝 v. refuse →三单：-s →▲过去式：-d →现分：-ing →▲过分：-d
★拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.
36.到目前为止（短语）so far= up to now ★现在完成时的时间状语标志
37.成功 可n. success (a/—) 常用单数
成功 v. succeed 成功的 adj. successful8BU5 成功地 adv. Successfully
★取得巨大的成功be a great success 做某事成功 succeed in doing sth.
38.翻译 v. translate →三单：-s →▲过去式：-d →▲现分：translating →▲过分：-d
把A翻译成B translate A into B A被翻译成B A be translated into B
39.销售量 [复] sales ←sell 区分：一系列；系列节目 [复] 可n. *series
40.一本(份，册); 副本 可n. copy (a/copies)
一本... a copy of... 两本... two copies of... 几本... several copies of...
41.每次，一次（短语）at a time
42.经历 可n. ★(an/-s)&经验 不可n. experience
[典型例题]
( ).—Mr Li has lots of unusual __________ and he often shares them with us.
—I also admire him for his good teaching __________ as an English teacher.
A.experiences; experiences B.experience; experience
C.experiences; experience D.experience; experiences
43.建议 不可n. advice ★★★一些/许多建议 some/much advice
44.习惯 可n. habit (a/-s) 旧习难改。 Old habit die hard.
45.对立的人（或物）可n.8BU3★(an/-s)；在...对面，与...相反 prep.8BU4 opposite
★★★与...相反 be the opposite of,,,
46.开启；开创；开辟（短语）open up 开启一个全新的世界 open up a whole new world
带*号
1.小说 可n. *novel (a/-s)
2.★续借；更新；重新开始 v. *renew →三单：-s →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing →过分：-ed
( ).The librarian ask the students to ____ the books on time. If they want to keep them longer, they have to ____ them.
A.renew; return B.review; return C.return; review D.return; renew
3.一系列；系列节目 [复] 可n. *series
4.出版 v. publish →▲三单：-es →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing →过分：-ed
5.出版社 可n. *publishing house (a/-s)
6.航行 v.8BU4&帆 可n. (a/-s)8BU3 *sail →三单：-s →过去式：-ed →现分：-ing →过分：-ed
区分：帆船运动，航行 不可n.8BU2 *sailing 区分：航班；航行 可n.8BU2 *flight (a/-s)
7.隐藏的 adj. *hidden
8.信心 不可n. *confidence 自信的 adj. confident
9.图书管理员 可n. *librarian (a/-s) ←library
10.古典的 adj. *classical 区分：音乐剧 可n. *musical (a/-s) 区分：魔法 不可n. magic
教材英文释义总结★
1.against (hitting something)
2.tie (hold things together with ropes)
3.tiny (very small)
4.continue (keep doing something/go on)
5.manage (finish what you have tried to do)
二、课文句子精讲
（一）、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.
1.a good read 一本好的读物
2.decide what to do with these books 决定如何处理这些书 【动词+ 特殊疑问词+ to do sth.】
= decide how to deal with these books
3.give them to me 把它们给我 【give sth. to sb.】
4.I didn’t know you liked books! 【用过去词强调：过去不知道，但现在已知道了】
Eg: ①A: I am glad to meet you here. I didn’t know you were in Japan. B: I came here in 2017.
②A: Please don’t smoke here. Look at the sing.
B: Oh, sorry. I didn’t see it.
5.have to use them reach the box on the fridge 不得不用它们够冰箱上的盒子【use.... to do....】
6.a book about Germany in World War II 一本关于二战中的德国方面的书
★Germany (n.) 德国 → German (n.) 德国人，复数：Germans【同 Walkmans, humans】
7.improve my knowledge of the past 提高我的历史知识
★know→knowledge 【不可数名词】
8.in your spare time 在你的业余时间 = in your free time
9.tell the story of the ugly man 讲述那个丑陋的人的故事 【ugly 比较级 → uglier】
（二）Reading
1.crash against the rocks 撞在岩石上 【crash 不及物动词，后接介词】
【回顾】crash into a tree 猛撞到一棵树上
【重点】against 介词： ①靠 eg: stand against the door 靠着门站立
②迎着 eg: run againg the strong wind 迎着大风奔跑
③对抗 eg: play against the football team from Japan 与来自日本的足球队打比赛
④反对 eg: I am against his plan. 我反对他的计划。反义词：for 赞成
⑤违反 eg: do something against the law 做了违反法律的事情
2.swim as far as sb. can/possible 尽可能的游远
3.I swam as fast as I could.By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
我尽可能向远处游。当我的脚感触到地面时，我筋疲力尽了。
①by the time.... 1)到…时候为止; 2)…当……的时候
②be tired out 筋疲力尽
4.fall down on the beach 摔倒在海滩上
5.be tied to the ground 被绑到地上 【被动语态】
★ tie A. to B. 把 A 拴到 B 上 【tie →tying】
Eg: Look!. He is tying the horse to the tree. 6.move up over my stomach 向上移动越过我的肚子
★stomach→复数：stomachs
7.★until 用法： until 用于肯定句或否定句，引导时间状语从句（主将从现）。
要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是短动词时，必须用否定形式；
如果主句中的谓语动词是长动词时，则常用肯定形式。
Eg: I will wait until he comes back. （wait 是长动词）
I will not leave until he comes back. （leave 是短动词）(not …until 意为“直到……才……”)
I didn’t go home until I finished my homework. 【主句从句均为过去时】
8.be the same size as my little finger 和小手指一样大小 = be as big as my little finger
9.start climbing all over me 开始爬过(我的)全身 = start to climb all over me
10. fall over 摔倒 (尤指被…绊倒;意外地从…上跌落）
11.continue moving across my body 继续在我的身上移动
★①continue doing sth. = continue to do sth. = go on with sth. = go on doing sth.
继续做某事（同一件事）
★②go on to do sth. 继续做某事（做另一件事）
12.begin to talk to me 开始和我交流
13.I did not know what to say either. 我也不知道该说什么。
★either 用法：
（1）表示“也”，用于否定句，也 too 相对应。
Tom doesn't like football, I don't, like either.
= Tom doesn't like football, neither/nor do I. Tom likes football, I like football, too.
=Tom likes football, so do I.
（2）表示“二者中的（任）一个”。
I have only one ticket. Either of you can go to the concert.
You can see many trees on either/each side of the road.
You can see many trees on both sides of the road.
（3）either...or....表示“或者...或者...，不是...就是...”，最近的原则。
Either you or Lucy is wrong.
14.I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
我尝试想挣脱一只手，最后想方设法挣断了绳子。
①pull one hand free 空出一只手
②★manage to do sth. 设法完成某事（并取得成功） 【manager 经理】
15.lift my left hand into the air 把我的左手举到空中
16.a huge army of tiny people 一大群小人
17.run away from them 从他们（手中）逃离
18.don’t know how to get away 不知道怎样逃脱
19.hold things together with ropes 用绳子将东西捆在一起
20.find himself unable to move 发现他自己不能动了【unable 形容词作宾补】
★can = be able to; can’t = be unable to
（三）Grammar
【语法】A. 特殊疑问词 + to do sth.
【特殊疑问词引导动词不定放动词后作宾语（或主语），可以转化为宾语从句】
①第一种：动词+ 特殊疑问词 + to do sth.
Eg: Millie has decided what to do. 【what to do 作 decide 宾语】
【what 疑问代词，作及物动词 do 的宾语】
I don’t know how to do it. 【how 为疑问代词，不能做 do 的宾语，加 it 作 do 宾语】
Daniel did not say who to talk to/with about this book.【★talk 不及物动词，后面要加介词】
Simon forgot when to meet his friends.
Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.
Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
Amy does not know how to write the report.
以上简单句均可以改成复合句:（含宾语从句）
Millie has decided what she will do.
Daniel did not say who he would talk to/with about this book.
Simon forgot when he would meet his friends.
Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.
Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
Amy does not know how to write the report.
Suzy will explain why she recommends this book. 【√】
②第二种：动词 + 宾语 + 特殊疑问词 + to do sth. 【动词后接双宾语】
Eg：Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. 【S + V + IO + DO】
The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work.【S + V + IO + DO】
Millie showed us what to do next.【S + V + IO + DO】
Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.【S + V + IO + DO】
Don’t forget to tell your mum where to meet you.
③第三种：动词 + （宾语） + 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + to do sth.
They are discussing which colour to paint the walls.
You can ask your parents how much money to take with you.
④第四种：be +形容词+ 特殊疑问词 + to do sth. 【be+形容词，系表结构相当于谓语动词】
Suzy was not sure who to ask for help. Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow
★【特别区分】
①He fell over when he was running in the park. 【when 引导时间状从】
= He fell over when running in the park.
②I don’t know when I can play football. 【when 引导宾语从句】
=I don’t know when to play football.
③When we will go on a picnic hasn’t been decided. 【when 引导主语从句】
=When to go on a picnic hasn’t been decided.
【语法】B. 使用：must 和 have to.
must 必须 (主观意愿或制度/法规) eg: We must keep quiet in the library. We must study hard.
mustn’t 禁止 (制度/法规,语气强烈) eg: You mustn’t smoke here.
have to 不得不，必须 (客观需求) eg: I have to bring my umbrella because of the rain.
don’t have to 不必= don’t need to = needn’t
eg: You don’t need to hand in the homework today. You can hand it in tomorrow.
【回顾】--Must I hand in my homework now
--No, you needn’t. You can hand it in tomorrow. (--Yes, you must.)
【must 提问，肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 needn’t】
【语法】C. 重点短语句型
1.so many interesting books 如此多的有趣的书
2.decide which to read first 决定先读哪一个
3.in such a short time 在如此短的时间内
4.when to hand in our book report 何时上交我们的读书报告
【hand in 动副词组，代词放中间】
★ hand it/them in 上交它（们） → hand it/them out 分发它（们）
5.an so on ......等等
6.read some reviews 读一些评论
7.know who to ask for help with writing 知道在写作方面向谁求助
8.keep quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静
9.return the books on time 按时归还这些书
= give the books back on time = give back the books on time
①【★give back 动副词组，代词放中间 → give it/them back】
②on time 按时，准时； in time 及时； at times 有时
10.have to renew the books 不得不续借这些书
（四）Integrated skills
1.read the stories to her sister 读故事给她妹妹听
2. get the idea for... 得到....的想法/灵感
3.on a train trip to London 在去伦敦旅行的火车上
4.refuse to publish it 拒绝出版（这本书）
5.finish the seventh book of the series 完成一系列中的第七部书
6.（be) a great success 一个巨大的成功
★做某事取得成功：have success at/in sth. 【success 名词】
= be successful in (doing) sth. 【successful 形容词】
= do sth. successfully 【successfully 副词】
= succeed in doing sth. 【succeed 动词】
7.be translated into about 70 languages 被翻译成约 70 种语言
8.How many books can I borrow at a time 一次我能借多少本书？
【at a time = every time = each time 每次，在一次】
9.How long can I keep the books 我能借这些书多长时间？ 【how long 与 keep 长动词搭配】
（五）Study skills
(一）上下文的连接词。
当我们写一篇文章时，我们有不同的方法来连接上下文的思想，这里是常用的连接词。
（二）重点短语句型
1.find them really exciting 发现它们真的很刺激 【find + 宾语 + 形容词（做宾补）】
2.look for hidden treasure 寻找被隐藏的宝藏
3.give me a lot of confidence 给我许多信心
【confidence 信心（不可数名词）→confident 自信的，有信心的（形容词）】
★have confidence in sb./sth. = be confident of sb./ sth. 对某人或某事有信心
4.I am not as shy as I used to be and I am willing to try new things. 我不像以前一样害羞了而且我愿意尝试新东西。
5.have exciting experiences 有一些激动人心的经历
★experience 作“经验”时不可数，作“经历”时为可数名词。
Eg: Mr Yang has rich teaching experience. 杨老师有丰富的教学经验。
6.on one hand... on the other (hand)..... 在一方面.....在另一方面......
（六）Task
1.a survey on reading habits 一次关于阅读习惯的调查
2. What is your favourite type/kind of book 你最喜欢哪种类型的书？
3.ask sb. for advice on sth. 关于某事向某人征求意见
4.before going to bed 去睡觉之前 【before 在此句中为介词】
5.the four great classical Chinese novels 中国古典四大名著
6.be opposite my home 在我家对面 【opposite 在此句中为介词:在......对面;与.....相反】
7.give sb. a lot of advice on books 给某人在（读）书方面提许多建议
【★advice 建议(不可数名词); suggestion 建议(可数名词)】
8.meet together and discuss what to read 聚在一起讨论该读什么
9.help me relax after a busy day 帮助我在繁忙的一天后放松一下
10.open up a whole new world to us 给我们打开一个全新的世界 【open up 开启、开创】

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