资源简介

2024年上海高三英语二模试题：完形填空
（一）
（2024年宝山区二模）
For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. But developments in the past few years have ___41___ these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___42___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability.
AI programs have the ___43___ to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers. These include media jobs, such as writing advertisements and articles, along with many jobs in the financial fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming. AI is good at ___44___ data, so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs ___45___.
Using AI for certain tasks may be a good thing. Perhaps AI will ___46___ less interesting work, allowing people to do more satisfying jobs, just as earlier technologies have. Using a machine to do laundry saves time ___47___ to washing clothes by hand, and many people use that extra time productively. ___48___, AI may be able to take over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative, since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.
Another big challenge for AI is human ___49___. Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines. Hence, AI is _____50_____ to replace humans for jobs that require personal connection, such as counseling or teaching. A robot can perform tasks, but it cannot _____51_____ care about others, and sometimes care is what people need.
AI can process data quickly, but it can only use data that it is given. So it cannot adapt to situations that _____52_____ significantly from those in its data. Thus, although some AI programs can create content, none of them can be truly creative as the content AI creates will _____53_____ consist of some combination of its sources.
Finally, if the AI receives false information, it has no way of recognizing that as false. Humans can also be fooled, but life experience can tell them whether a claim is reasonable, an ability that AI does not have. _____54_____, AI must continually be fact-checked to make sure its data, and therefore its conclusions, are accurate.
Thus, although AI may replace some jobs, others require a human _____55_____. At best AI may eliminate
certain boring parts of tasks so that humans can focus on things that only they can do.
41. A. denied B. prevented C. transferred D. intensified
42. A. function B. possibility C. capability D. character
43. A. potential B. schedule C. objective D. ambition
44. A. searching B. providing C. analyzing D. storing
45. A. at risk B. at work C. at last D. at least
46. A. bring over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
47. A. wasted B. compared C. consumed D. spared
48. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Meanwhile
49. A. interaction B. resource C. resistance D. creativity
50. A. unwilling B. unlikely C. unfair D. unfortunate
51. A. deeply B. accurately C. directly D. genuinely
52. A. evolve B. range C. differ D. result
53. A. inevitably B. immediately C. insignificantly D. improbably
54. A. Frequently B. Generally C. Instantly D. Consequently
55. A. nature B. need C. touch D. permission
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人工智能的发展，它在某些领域中的应用，但是人工智能并不能完全取代人类。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着公司发布了可以问答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能，过去几年的发展加剧了这些担忧。A. denied否认；B. prevented阻止；C. transferred转移；D. intensified强化。根据下文“these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___2___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. (这些担忧是因为公司已经发布了可以回答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能。现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能的___2___取代他们。但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，过去几年人工智能的发展加剧了这些担忧。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。A. function功能；B. possibility可能性；C. capability能力；D. character性格。根据上文“For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. (几十年来，人们一直猜测人工智能（AI）最终将取代人类工人。)”及下文“But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability. (但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，此处表示考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能程序有潜力执行目前由人类工作者执行的一些任务。A. potential潜力；B. schedule时间表；C. objective目标；D. ambition雄心壮志。根据下文“to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers.”可知，人工智能程序有潜力之行目前由人类工作者执行的一些任务。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的工作面临风险。A. searching搜索；B. providing提供；C. analyzing分析；D. storing储存。根据下文“so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs”可知，人工智能擅长分析数据。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：人工智能擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的工作面临风险。A. at risk有风险；B. at work在工作中；C. at last最后；D. at least至少。根据“AI is good at ___4___ data, so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs”可知，因为人工智能擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的工作面临风险。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：也许人工智能将接管不太有趣的工作，让人们做更令人满意的工作，就像早期的技术一样。A. bring over反过来；B. get over克服；C. turn over翻转；D. take over接管。根据下文“AI may be able to take over dull tasks”可知，也许人工智能将接管不太有趣的工作。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与手工洗衣服相比，使用洗衣机洗衣服节省了时间，许多人有效地利用了额外的时间。A. wasted浪费；B. compared比较；C. consumed消耗；D. spared节省。根据“Using a machine to do laundry saves time ___7___ to washing clothes by hand”可知，与手工洗衣服相比，使用洗衣机洗衣服节省了时间。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，人工智能可能能够接管枯燥的任务，解放人们真正的创造力，因为思考新想法是人工智能无法做到的。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly同样；D. Meanwhile同时。根据“Using a machine to do laundry saves time ___7___ to washing clothes by hand, and many people use that extra time productively. ___8___, AI may be able to take over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative, since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.”可知，上文用手工洗衣服和洗衣机做例子，本句中以人工智能代替枯燥的任务为例，都是同样的接管枯燥工作，故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能面临的另一大挑战是人类互动。A. interaction互动；B. resource资源；C. resistance阻力；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines.”可知，人工智能面临的另一大挑战是人类互动。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，人工智能不太可能取代人类从事需要个人联系的工作，如咨询或教学。A. unwilling不情愿的；B. unlikely不太可能的；C. unfair不公平的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据上文“Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines.”可知，可知，人工智能不太可能取代人类从事需要个人联系的工作。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：机器人可以执行任务，但它不能真心地关心他人，有时关心的是人们需要什么。A. deeply深地；B. accurately准确地；C. directly直接地；D. genuinely真诚地。根据下文“sometimes care is what people need.”可知，机器人可以执行任务，但它不能真心地关心他人。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，它无法适应与其数据中的情况有显著差异的情况。A. evolve进化；B. range排列；C. differ有区别；D. result伴随而来。根据“AI can process data quickly, but it can only use data that it is given. (人工智能可以快速处理数据，但它只能使用给定的数据。)”可知，人工智能无法适应与其数据中的情况有显著差异的情况，differ from固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管一些人工智能程序可以创建内容，但没有一个程序是真正有创意的，因为人工智能创建的内容将不可避免地由其来源的某种组合组成。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. immediately立即；C. insignificantly微不足道地；D. improbably不可能。根据“AI programs can create content, none of them can be truly creative as the content AI creates will ___13___ consist of some combination of its sources.”可知，人工智
能创建的内容是由其来源组合而成，这是不可避免的，故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，人工智能必须不断进行事实核查，以确保其数据以及结论是准确的。A. Frequently经常；B. Generally一般；C. Instantly立即；D. Consequently因此。根据下文“AI must continually be fact-checked to make sure its data, and therefore its conclusions, are accurate.”可知，此处表示“因果关系”，故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管人工智能可能会取代一些工作，但其他工作则需要人情味。A. nature性质；B. need需要；C. touch触摸；D. permission许可。根据“although AI may replace some jobs, others require a human ___15___”可知，AI会取代一些工作，但是一些工作还是需要人情味，human touch为固定短语，表示“人情味，人性化”，故选C项。
（二）
（2024年崇明区二模）
Maps, number lines, shapes, artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls. However, too much of a good thing may end up ___41___ attention and learning in young children, according to research published in Psychological Science.
Psychology researchers Anna V. Fisher, Karrie E. Godwin and Howard Seltman of Carnegie Mellon University looked at whether classroom displays affected children’s ability to maintain ___42___ during instruction and to learn the lesson content. They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted, spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning ___43___than when the decorations were removed.
“Young children spend a lot of time — usually the whole day — in the same classroom, and we have shown that a classroom’s ___44___ environment can affect how much children learn,” said Fisher, lead author and associate professor of psychology in the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Should teachers ___45___ their visual displays based on the findings of this study
“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all ___46___ problems. Furthermore,___47___ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations, teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to ___49___.”
For the study, 24 kindergarten students were placed in ____50____classrooms for six introductory science
lessons on topics they were unfamiliar with. Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom, and three lessons were given in a sparse (稀疏的) classroom. The results showed that while children learned in both _____51_____ types, they learned more when the room was not heavily decorated. Specifically, children’s _____52_____ on the test questions was higher in the sparse classroom (55% correct) than in the decorated classroom (42% correct).
“We were also interested in finding out if the visual displays were removed, whether the children’s attention would _____53_____ to another distraction, such as talking to their peers, or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same,” said Godwin, a Ph.D. candidate in psychology and fellow of the Program in Interdisciplinary Education Research.
However, when the researchers totaled all of the time children spent off-task in both types of classrooms, the rate of off-task _____54_____ was higher in the decorated classroom (38.6% time spent off-task) than in the sparse classroom (28.4% time spent off-task).
The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms _____55_____.
A. attracting B. distracting C. holding D. paying
A. confidence B. relationship C. consistency D. focus
A. gains B. opportunities C. needs D. disabilities
A. social B. natural C. physical D. visual
A. turn over B. take down C. try out D. look into
A. athletic B. environmental C. educational D. communicative
A. additional B. prior C. national D. independent
A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
A. stretch B. adapt C. concentrate D. explore
A. decorated B. empty C. transitional D. laboratory
A. teaching B. classroom C. school D. personality
A. accuracy B. emphasis C. impact D. perspective
A. refer B. listen C. respond D. shift
A. questions B. behaviors C. incidents D. tasks
A. originally B. innovatively C. appropriately D. exclusively
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. D
51. B 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡内基梅隆大学的心理学研究人员安娜·V·费舍尔、凯瑞·E·戈德温和霍华德·塞尔特曼研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差。研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师设计教室。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据发表在《心理科学》上的一项研究，过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力。A. attracting吸引；B. distracting使分心；C. holding举办；D. paying支付。根据下文“They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted”提到在高度装饰的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，由此可知，此处应表示过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡内基梅隆大学的心理学研究人员安娜·V·费舍尔、凯瑞·E·戈德温和霍华德·塞尔特曼研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。A. confidence自信；B. relationship关系；C. consistency一致；D. focus专注。根据上文提到的过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力，结合下文“and to learn the lesson content”可知，此处应表示心理学研究人员究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，更多时间没有花在学习上，学习成绩也更差。A. gains获得的东西；B. opportunities机会；C. needs需要；D. disabilities残疾。根据上文“They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted”提到在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，由此可知，此处应表示孩子们花更多的时间不在任务上，学习所得很少。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究报告的主要作者、迪特里希人文与社会科学学院心理学副教授费舍尔说：“年幼的孩子们在同一个教室里呆了很长时间，通常是一整天。我们已经证明，教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们学习的程度。”A. social社会的；B. natural自然的；C. physical身体上的；D. visual视觉的。根据上文“They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted, spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning ___3___than when the decorations were removed.”可知，他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差，
这说明教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习量。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：教师是否应该根据这项研究的结果取消他们的视觉展示？A. turn over翻转；B. take down取消；C. try out尝试；D. look into调查。根据上文“a classroom’s ___4___ environment can affect how much children learn”可知，教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习量，因此此处提问教师是否应该取消他们的视觉展示。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。A. athletic运动的；B. environmental环境的；C. educational教育的；D. communicative交流的。根据下文“Furthermore,___7___ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms”由此可知，此处说明这是在解决教育方面的问题。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还需要进一步的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。A. additional额外的；B. prior优先的；C. national全国的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all educational problems.”提到作者并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。由此可知，此处说明还需要额外的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文提到的需要进一步研究课堂视觉环境对孩子们影响，结合下文“I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations…”由此可知，前后句是因果关系。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. stretch伸展；B. adapt适应；C. concentrate专注于；D. explore探索。根据上文“a classroom’s ___4___ environment can affect how much children learn”提到教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习。由此可知，此处说明我建议老师们应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：在这项研究中，24名幼儿园学生被安排在实验室教室里，学习他们不
熟悉的主题的六堂入门科学课。A. decorated被装饰的；B. empty空的；C. transitional过渡的；D. laboratory实验室。根据空前的“For the study”可知，在这项研究中，说明应该是在实验室做实验。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果表明，虽然孩子们在两种类型的教室里都学到了东西，但当房间没有过度装饰时，他们学到的东西更多。A. teaching教学工作；B. classroom教室；C. school学校；D. personality性格。根据上文“Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom, and three lessons were given in a sparse (稀疏的) classroom.”由此可知，此处应表示孩子们在两种类型的教室里都学到了东西。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，孩子们在稀疏装饰的教室答题的正确率(55%)比在装饰教室答题的正确率(42%)要高。A. accuracy准确率；B. emphasis强调；C. impact影响；D. perspective视角。根据下文“…was higher in the sparse classroom (55% correct) than in the decorated classroom (42% correct).”由此可知，此处应表示孩子们在稀疏装饰教室答题的正确率(55%)比在装饰教室答题的正确率(42%)要高。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还想知道，如果视觉显示被移除，孩子们的注意力是否会转移到另一种分心的东西上，比如和同龄人说话，或者他们分心的总时间是否会保持不变。A. refer提及；B. listen听；C. respond回复；D. shift转移。根据下文“such as talking to their peers, or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same”提到和同龄人说话，或者他们分心的总时间是否会保持不变。由此可推知，此处应表示如果视觉展示被移除，孩子们的注意力是否会转移到另一种分心的东西上。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当研究人员将两种教室中孩子们的任务外活动时间加在一起时，发现在装饰好的教室中孩子们的任务外活动时间比例(38.6%)高于在稀疏的教室(28.4%)。A. questions问题；B. behaviors行为；C. incidents事件；D. tasks任务。根据句意以及下文“…was higher in the decorated classroom (38.6% time spent off-task) than in the sparse classroom (28.4% time spent off-task).”由此可知，此处应表示装饰好的教室中孩子们的任务外活动时间比例(38.6%)高于在稀疏的教室(28.4%)。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师适当地设计教室。A. originally最初地；B. innovatively创新地；C. appropriately合适地；D. exclusively仅仅，单独地。根据常识和空前“The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms”可知，研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师适当地设计教室。故选C项。
（三）
（2024年奉贤区二模）
In a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty. Among them were four sons of Mexican immigrants, Juan, Oscar, Luis, and Alfredo. These boys, coming from ____21____ backgrounds, often found themselves overlooked and underestimated. Bonded by fate and friendship, they shared a common passion for ____22____. Two science teachers there decided to enter their high school into a complicated ____23____ robotics competition sponsored by the NASA and the Naval Research. Excited for the news, these four boys signed up for the competition.
With enthusiasm and energy, they started calling mechanical engineers for design help. They were ____24____ that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating material used in various marine applications.____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life. With the teachers’ guidance and encouragement, they ____27____ together a robot with no more than metal and wires.
As they worked on their robot, the boys also faced personal challenges. Juan struggled with the weight of family responsibilities; Oscar ____28____ a deep-seated fear of failure; Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’ mockery (嘲笑) for his ____29____ accent, and Alfredo longed for acceptance and belonging.____30____ these obstacles, they persevered, leaning on each other for support and inspiration.
After a few test runs of their robot, they piled into a second-hand van to head to the competition. Upon entering the main pool area, they noticed the college teams wearing matching outfits, with robots sponsored by big companies. Feeling a bit nervous, the boys put the robot in the water for a test run.____31____, the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.
However, instead of letting this ____32____ ruin their spirits, the boys put their heads together and came up with a brilliant solution. 12 hours later, armed with 8 super-absorbent pads to plug the leak, the robot was ____33____ into the pool again. This time, their robot performed admirably. Gliding gracefully through the waters, it navigated the course with precision and speed,____34____ the judges and audience alike. This underwater robot, a symbol of their determination and ____35____, conquered the waters, defeated engineering powerhouse MIT and ranked first in the country. This was not just a win for those four but a victory for every underdog with a dream.
A. academic B. relevant C. humble D. professional
A. space B. mechanics C. research D. ocean
A. giant B. industrial C. underwater D. local
A. advised B. forced C. challenged D. consulted
A Reliant on B. Available to C. Short of D. Desperate for
A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
A. tied B. pieced C. added D. wrapped
A. conquered B. created C. expressed D. battled
A. perfect B. strange C. slight D. elegant
A. With B. Given C. Despite D. Besides
A. Unfortunately B. Basically C. Actually D. Consequently
A. disagreement B. failure C. conflict D. progress
A. scaled B. lowered C. inserted D. fed
A. boring B. confusing C. wowing D. motivating
A. bravery B. generosity C. confidence D. perseverance
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个来自贫困地区的学生参加水下机器人比赛并获胜的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些男孩出身卑微，经常发现自己被忽视和低估。A. academic学术的；B. relevant相关的；C. humble卑微的；D. professional专业的。根据上文“In a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty.(在亚利桑那州一个繁华的城市里有一所高中，那里的大多数学生生活贫困)”指这些男孩出身卑微。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：命运和友谊把他们联系在一起，他们对机械有着共同的热情。A. space空间；B. mechanics机械学；C. research研究；D. ocean海洋。根据后文“robotics competition”可知，他们对机械有着共同的热情。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里的两名科学老师决定让他们的高中参加一个由美国宇航局和海军研究所赞助的复杂的水下机器人比赛。A. giant巨大的；B. industrial工业的；C. underwater水下的；D. local当地的。根据后文“causing the robot to leak and sink”可知，这是一个水下机器人比赛。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被告知这些类型的机器人需要玻璃复合漂浮泡沫，一种在各种海洋应用中使用的漂浮材料。A. advised告知，建议；B. forced迫使；C. challenged挑战；D. consulted咨询。根据后文“these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating material used in various marine applications”可知，此处指他们被告知比赛的要求。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。A. Reliant on依赖……；B. Available to可获得；C. Short of缺乏；D. Desperate for渴望。根据后文“all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape”可知，由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们在城市里寻找各种备件，收集任何他们能把他们的愿景变为现实的东西。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在老师的指导和鼓励下，他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。A. tied系；B. pieced拼凑；C. added增加；D. wrapped包裹。根据后文“together a robot with no more than metal and wires.”可知，此处指他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡安在家庭责任的重压下挣扎;奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争;路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛，阿尔弗雷多渴望被接纳和归属感。A. conquered征服；B. created创造；C. expressed表达；D. battled战斗。根据后文“a deep-seated fear of failure”可知，此处指奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：胡安在家庭责任的重压下挣扎;奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争;路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛，阿尔弗雷多渴望被接纳和归属感。A. perfect完美的；B. strange奇怪的；C. slight稍微的；D. elegant优雅的。根据上文“Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’ mockery for his”可知，路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，他们还是坚持了下来，互相依靠，互相鼓励。A. With和；B. Given考虑到；C. Despite尽管；D. Besides此外。根据后文“these obstacles, they persevered”可知，此处为让步关
系，应用介词despite。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，聚氯乙烯没有支撑住，导致机器人漏水并下沉。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Basically基本上；C. Actually实际上；D. Consequently结果。根据后文“the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.”可知，不幸的是，聚氯乙烯没有支撑住，导致机器人漏水并下沉。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，男孩们并没有让这次失败毁掉他们的精神，而是集思广益，想出了一个绝妙的解决方案。A. disagreement分歧；B. failure失败；C. conflict冲突；D. progress进步。根据上文“the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.”可知，机器人下沉了，即遭遇了失败。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：12小时后，配备了8块超强吸水垫来堵塞泄漏，机器人再次被放入水池中。A. scaled攀登；B. lowered降低；C. inserted插入；D. fed喂养。根据后文“into the pool again”可知，机器人再次被放入水池中。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它优雅地在水中滑行，以精确和速度导航，使评委和观众都惊叹不已。A. boring使无聊；B. confusing使困惑；C. wowing称赞；D. motivating激励。根据上文“Gliding gracefully through the waters, it navigated the course with precision and speed”可知，此处指他们的机器人让评委和观众惊叹。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个水下机器人，象征着他们的决心和毅力，征服了水，击败了工程强国麻省理工学院，排名全国第一。A. bravery勇敢；B. generosity慷慨；C. confidence自信；D. perseverance毅力。根据上文“determination and”可知，这个水下机器人，象征着他们的决心和毅力。故选D。
（四）
（2024年虹口区二模）
In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient
greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading
43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring
44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive
45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied
46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance
47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of
48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function
49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal
50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence
51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed
52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies
53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement
54 A. mature B. initial C. different D. final
55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. special
【答案】41. D 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学HuthLab进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。恢复交流困难病人的交流能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活，但它也可以让其他实体在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活，因此，随着脑科学的更多开发，考虑神经技术的应用对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过人工智能(AI)和脑成像技术的结合，无法与外界交流的人的思想和印象首次被翻译成连续的自然语言。A. eager渴望的；B. ready准备好的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. unable不能够的。根据“were translated into continuous natural language”和下文“Losing the ability to communicate”可知，空处修饰people，此处表示一些人无法与外界交流，他们的想法被翻译成语言。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是迄今为止最接近读心术的科学方法。A. clearing清理；B. occupying占据；C. changing改变；D. reading看透（心思或想法）、读懂。根据上文“For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___1___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language”可知，有交流困难的人的想法被翻译成语言，这是一种解读大脑思维的方法。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：恢复这种能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活。A. Reducing减少；B. Restricting限制；C. Restoring恢复；D. Requiring要求。根据“gives the patient greater control over their lives.”及前文“Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.”可知，有的人无法交流，恢复这种能力能让病人更好的生活。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它也可以让其他实体，如公司、研究人员和其他第三方，在某种程度上了
解甚至控制病人的生活。A. irrelevant不相关的；B. uncomfortable不舒适的；C. negligible微不足道的；D. supportive支持的。根据“But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties”及“degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients”可知，解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处，但是也会在让他们不舒适的程度上控制他们的生活。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：位于纽约哥伦比亚大学的神经权利基金会(NeuroRights Foundation)认为，所有人都需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。A. needed需要；B. limited限制；C. controlled控制；D. denied否认。根据“new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be”及“for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will.”可知，需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：残疾患者的潜在弱点使这成为一个特别重要的问题。A. application申请，应用；B. weakness弱点；C. impact影响；D. significance意义。根据“of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem”可知，残疾患者是弱者，有着交流上的弱点，所以需要新的权力才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志，这是十分重要的问题。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：与这种方法一致，智利是第一个通过立法，起草新法律来解决神经技术风险的国家。A. In comparison with与……相比；B. In line with与……一致；C. At the conclusion of在……结束时；D. At the cost of以……为代价。根据上文所说“that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___5___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will.”及“Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology.”可知，智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，而且还在通过一项禁止销售神经数据的法案，并迫使所有神经技术设备作为医疗设备进行监管，即使是那些面向普通消费者的设备。A. integrity完整；B. condition条件；C. disorder混乱；D. function功能。根据结合上文“___3___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.”及空后法案内容可知，该法案与上文方法一致，不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，还保障了数据安全性。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：拟议的立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，并将其视为器官组织，
不能买卖，只能捐赠。A. group小组；B. general整体上；C. physical身体上的；D. personal个人的。根据“which cannot be bought or sold, only donated”可知，该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，不能买卖、捐赠。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这项立法也面临着批评，法律学者质疑新权利的必要性，并指出它可能会阻碍对残疾患者有益的大脑研究。A. interaction互动；B. chance机会；C. criticism批评；D. defence防御。根据“with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.”可知，该立法也接受了法律学者的批评。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然智利采取的法律行动是迄今为止最具影响力和影响深远的，但其他国家正在考虑更新现有法律，以应对神经技术的新发展。A. far-reaching影响深远的；B. labor-saving节省劳力的；C. short-sighted目光短浅的；D. ill-timed不合时宜的。根据“the most impactful”可知，空处与形容词impactful并列，表示“影响深远的”，情感色彩一致。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然神经技术的第一个应用很可能是医疗，但未来的发展可能会涉及娱乐等消费应用，以及军事和安全目的。A. advances发展、进步；B. arrangements安排；C. requirements要求；D. policies政策。根据“are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes.”可知，此处表示这项技术的未来发展和进步。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：神经技术在商业环境中的日益普及只会引起更多的法律问题。A. confidence自信心；B. availability可用性，可能性；C. membership会员身份；D. movement移动，运动。根据前文“future ___12___ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes.”可知，越多的普及该技术可用性，就会引起更多法律问题。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。A. mature成熟的；B. initial起初的；C. different不同的；D. final最终的。根据后文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science”可知，我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们开始发现脑科学的巨大潜力时，考虑它们对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。A. diversified多样化的；B. genuine真诚的；C. pressing紧迫的；D. special特别的。根据“And as we begin
to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more”可知，脑科学发展越多，其中涉及的个人信息数据安全就越多，考虑法律影响就越迫切。故选C项。
（五）
（2024年黄浦区二模）
My father decided to start learning French when he was 57. On the surface, his retirement hobby seems a little random — our family has no connection to French-speaking countries — but his ___41___ ran deeper than a passion for cakes. My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症) in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual, that is, being able to speak two languages equally well, can ___42___ the start of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that ___43___ benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.
Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ___44___ though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is ___45___ working,” said Mark Antoniou, a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.
The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how ___46___ you speak it. The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to ___47___ your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive ___48___. That process is called cognitive inhibition. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes stronger to the ___49___ caused by diseases like dementia. The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to ___50___.
However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your 60s is ___51___. Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well. Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no ___52___ in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.
The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential ___53___. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any ___54___. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their ___55___ and frequency. Some studies taught participants for eight months, others for just one very intense week.
41. A. affection B. contribution C. motivation D. struggle
42. A. delay B. prevent C. signal D. stimulate
43. A. additional B. educational C. lasting D. potential
44. A. beneficial B. common C. impractical D. rare
45. A. carelessly B. constantly C. creatively D. delicately
46. A. long B. often C. soon D. well
47. A. command B. practice C. restrict D. spread
48. A. function B. psychology C. system D. training
49. A. damages B. operations C. pains D. signs
50. A. decline B. improve C. matter D. restore
51. A. available B. mounting C. stronger D. weaker
52. A. difference B. involvement C. point D. reduction
53. A. applications B. explanations C. findings D. suggestions
54. A. diversities B. improvements C. outcomes D. possibilities
55. A. content B. intention C. length D. requirement
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症发病时间推迟至多5年，由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从表面上看，他的退休爱好似乎有点随意——我们家与法语国家没有任何联系——但他的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。A. affection喜爱；B. contribution贡献；C. motivation动机；D. struggle努力。根据上文“My father decided to start learning French when he was 57.(我父亲在57岁时决定开始学习法语)”可知，此处指父亲学习法语的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母在70岁出头时出现了阿尔茨海默氏症的迹象，研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。A. delay推迟；B. prevent阻止；C. signal示意；D. stimulate激励。根据后文“benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood”可知，此处指研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。故
选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。A. additional附加的；B. educational教育的；C. lasting持久的；D. potential潜在的。结合上文提到研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症的发病时间推迟至多5年，所以是潜在的好处，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。A. beneficial有益的；B. common共同的；C. impractical不明智的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity.(许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼)”提到了许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼，而专家表示经常说多种语言可能特别有益。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：西悉尼大学专门研究双语的教授马克·安东尼奥说：“我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。”A. carelessly马虎地；B. constantly不断地；C. creatively创造性地；D. delicately微妙地。根据上文“We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is”指会说双语的大脑一直在工作。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。A. long长地；B. often经常；C. soon很快；D. well好地。根据上文“regularly speaking”可知，学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：认知上的好处是必须限制你的母语，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫这样做。A. command命令；B. practice练习；C. restrict限制；D. spread传播。根据后文“your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language”可知，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫限制说你的母语。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。A. function功能；B. psychology心理学；C. system系统；D. training训练。根据上文“if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive”可知，如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，通过改善这些类型的过程，大脑会变得更强大，以抵御痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。A. damages破坏；B. operations运作；C. pains痛苦；D. signs迹象。根据后文“caused by diseases like dementia”指痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种想法认为，你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。A. decline下降；B. improve改善；C. matter重要；D. restore恢复。根据后文“The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to”中even if表示让步，可知你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。A. available可用的；B. mounting上升的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. weaker较弱的。根据后文“Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well.(安东尼奥博士及其同事的研究发现，虽然60岁及以上的中国成年人在接受了六个月的语言学习项目后，在认知测试中有所提高，但玩数独等游戏的人也有同样的表现)”可知，研究表明对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近关于这个话题的两项研究发现，参加语言学习项目后，人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。A. difference差异；B. involvement参与；C. point要点；D. reduction减少。上文提到对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显，即人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：进行这些研究的科学家提供了一些可能的解释。A. applications应用；B. explanations解释；C. findings发现；D. suggestions建议。后文“Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”主要给出了这一现象的两种解释。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一是参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。A. diversities多样性；B. improvements改善；C. outcomes结果；D. possibilities可能性。根据上文“the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak
performance for their age”可知，参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：调查这个问题的少数研究使用了在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。A. content内容；B. intention意图；C. length长度；D. requirement要求。根据上文“Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”可知，此处指使用在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。故选C。
（六）
（2024年嘉定区二模）
Picture this: you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do. When you open the ____41____, your heart sinks. There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18. You probably vow (发誓) to ____42____ dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner. ____43____, this time, what if you just turned to your friend, closed the menu, and said, “Sorry, I have to be honest. I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else ”
That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the ____44____ burden, but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally. In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and ____45____ to be something they’re not, it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.
The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being ____46____ about what you do and don’t want to spend money on. Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ____47____, who are pointing out that it has come at a significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive.
It’s not just a TikTok thing though. Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the ____48____. Nikolina Cuca, a financial advisor, says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients, causing them to spend ____49____ on luxury items. “There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means. This trend helps young people moderate spending by _____50_____ the idea of living within budgets.”
Beyond just saving money, loud budgeting is also bringing people closer. Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family. By _____51_____ discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations. And perhaps the most valuable part of the loud
budgeting trend is that it provides a sense of _____52_____. For example, if you tell a friend you are trying to cut back spending on drinks out, you are much _____53_____ to stick with the goal than if you just keep it to yourself.
With its focus on being open, spending wisely, and building _____54_____, loud budgeting is more than just a passing trend, but a cool way for the younger generation to _____55_____ their finances. As more people adopt this approach, it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future.
41. A. door B. menu C. bill D. wallet
42. A. appeal to B. lead to C. stick to D. object to
43. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. However
44. A. financial B. cultural C. physical D. economical
45. A. refusing B. pretending C. agreeing D. guaranteeing
46. A. worried B. angry C. honest D. excited
47. A. male B. female C. young D. old
48. A. tradition B. truth C. treasure D. trend
49. A. below their standards B. beyond their means C. towards their goals D. despite their differences
50. A. normalizing B. criticizing C. memorizing D. visualizing
51. A. endlessly B. intelligently C. openly D. formally
52. A. belonging B. accountability C. flexibility D. rigidity
53. A. less motivated B. less equipped C. more hesitant D. more likely
54. A. connections B. business C. habitats D. reputation
55. A. lose faith in B. take charge of C. do away with D. make up for
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“大声预算”消费理念，这种理念不仅可以减轻你的财务负担，还可以帮助你在情感和精神上应对财务压力。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你打开菜单时，你的心沉了下去。A. door门；B. menu菜单；C. bill账单；D. wallet钱包。根据下文“There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18.”可知，此处指打开菜单。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可能会发誓要在这个月剩下的时间里坚持吃美元披萨片来平衡这顿晚餐的花费。A. appeal to呼吁，吸引；B. lead to导致；C. stick to坚持；D. object to反对。根据上文“When you open the ____1____, your heart sinks. There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18.”可知，这顿餐很贵，超过自己的承受能力，如果自己付账就需要在这个月的剩下时间里坚持一直吃便宜的披萨片来抵消这顿晚餐的高消费，平衡账单。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一次，如果你只是转向你的朋友，合上菜单，说：“对不起，我必须说实话。我买不起这个。我们去别的地方吧 ”A. Otherwise否则；B. Meanwhile与此同时，在此期间；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。上文“You probably vow (发誓) to ____2____ dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner.”与下文“what if you just turned to your friend, closed the menu, and said, “Sorry, I have to be honest. I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else ”之间为转折关系，however“然而”符合语境。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是“大声预算”背后的理念，这种趋势不仅可以减轻你的财务负担，还可以帮助你在精神上和情感上应对这些压力情况。A. financial财政的，财务的；B. cultural文化的；C. physical身体的；D. economical经济实惠的。根据上文“I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else ”可知，这种依据自己的财力合理消费，拒绝超过能力的消费能够减轻自己的财务压力。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个时代，每个人都在社交媒体上炫耀美好的事物，假装出他们事实上不是的样子，说出你买不起的东西的真相感觉有点革命性。A. refusing拒绝；B. pretending假装；C. agreeing同意；D. guaranteeing保证。根据上文“everybody is showing off nice things on social media and”以及下文“to be something they’re not”可知，在这个时代，每一个人都在社交媒体上炫耀自己，营造一个虚假的自己。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Battle在一次采访中解释了他的概念：简单地说，“大声预算”就是诚实地说出你想花钱和不想花钱的地方。A. worried担心的；B. angry生气的，愤怒的；C. honest诚实的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford”可知，“大声预算”就是诚实地说出自己的经济状况与消费计划。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从他的视频发布以来，这个概念在年轻人中迅速流行起来，他们指出，这
是在一个一切都不可控地变得昂贵的重要时刻出现的。A. male男性的；B. female女性的；C. young年轻的；D. old年老的。根据下文“but a cool way for the younger generation to ____15____ their finances”可知，“大声预算”是年轻一代掌控自己财务状况的一种很酷的方式，这种理念很快在年轻人中流行起来。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是金融服务行业的人也加入了这一趋势。A. tradition传统；B. truth事实，真相；C. treasure财富；D. trend趋势，风气。根据上文“That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the ____4____ burden”可知，此处指金融服务行业的人也加入了“大声预算”这一新的趋势。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：财务顾问Nikolina Cuca说，她发现社交媒体给她的客户增加了压力，导致他们在奢侈品上超支。A. below their standards低于他们的标准/水平；B. beyond their means超出他们的能力范围；C. towards their goals朝着他们的目标；D. despite their differences尽管他们有所不同/差异。根据上文“In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and ____5____ to be something they’re not”以及空前“she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients”可知，社交媒体上的炫耀行为给人们造成压力，导致一些人超出自己能力去购买奢侈品；beyond their means表示“某人的消费或行为超出了他们的经济承受能力或能力范围”符合语境。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势通过使预算内生活的理念正常化来帮助年轻人适度消费。A. normalizing正常化；B. criticizing批评；C. memorizing记忆，熟记；D. visualizing使形象化，想象。根据上文“There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means.”可知，“大声预算”有助于让预算内生活的理念正常化，使人们不会对量入为出感到羞耻。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过公开讨论金钱目标，人们在相互了解彼此财务状况的基础上建立了更牢固的联系。A. endlessly不断地，无穷尽地；B. intelligently聪明地，明智地；C. openly公开地，坦率地；D. formally 正式地。根据上文“Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family.”以及下文“With its focus on being open, spending wisely, and building ____14____, loud budgeting is more than just a passing trend”可知，此处阐述公开坦率地讨论金钱目标的益处。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许“大声的预算”这一趋势最有价值的部分是它提供了一种责任感。A. belonging财产，所有物，归属；B. accountability问责，责任；C. flexibility灵活性；D. rigidity刻板，僵化。根据上文
“people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations”以及下文“if you tell a friend you are trying to cut back spending on drinks out, you are much ____13____ to stick with the goal than if you just keep it to yourself.”可知，“大声预算”能够使人们在相互了解彼此财务状况的基础上建立更牢固的联系，能够让自己更可能坚持自己的目标，由此可知，“大声预算”提供一种责任感。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：例如，比起守口如瓶，如果你告诉一个朋友你正在努力减少外出喝酒的开支，你就更有可能坚持这个目标。A. less motivated欠缺动力的；B. less equipped欠缺装备的；C. more hesitant更犹豫的；D. more likely更有可能的。根据上文“By ____11____ discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations.”可知，坦率地讨论了金钱目标，使彼此对财务状况更加了解，会一起完成量入为出的“大声预算”目标，更可能实现目标，节约消费。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“大声预算”的重点是公开、明智地花钱和建立联系，它不仅仅是一种转瞬即逝的趋势，而是年轻一代管理自己财务的一种很酷的方式。A. connections联系；B. business生意；C. habitats栖息地；D. reputation名声。根据上文“By ____11____ discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations.”可知，“大声预算”使人们之间的联系更紧密。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“大声预算”的重点是公开、明智地花钱和建立联系，它不仅仅是一种转瞬即逝的趋势，而是年轻一代管理自己财务的一种很酷的方式。A. lose faith in对……失去信心；B. take charge of负责，掌管；C. do away with杀死，废除；D. make up for弥补。根据下文“it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future”可知，“大声预算”是年轻人处理和掌管自己财务的一个很好的方式。故选B。
（七）
（2024年金山区二模）
Sandhya Sriram is impatient. The stem-cell (干细胞) scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use, developing cultivated seafood. Yet no one was doing that in Singapore. So four years ago, she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean (甲壳纲动物) meat. ___41___, she registered her company, Shiok Meats in August 2018. “Nobody was doing crustaceans,” says Sriram, Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder. “What do Asians eat the most
Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.” A lifelong ___42___, she had never tried real shrimp, but she sampled it the week she registered the company.
Today, the results of her ___43___ can be seen at the headquarters of her company. During a fall 2022 visit, a bio-process engineer looked into a microscope carefully. He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is ___44___ crustacean cells. Under the lens, he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.
Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp, lobster, and crab prototypes (最初形态) to a select group of tasters, and it plans to ___45___ regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April 2023. That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners, putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat ___46___. As of this writing, only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products: Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is ___47___ but only in Singapore. Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval, but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024, offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of ___48___ than crustaceans from farms.
But even if that ambitious ___49___ is met, it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans. It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory, along with ___50___ consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___. Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of 2023, where a 500-liter and a 2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major ___52___ from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors. The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.
___53___ these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production. Organic waste, chemicals, and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater. Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty, as growing protein in a lab helps avoid ___54___ animals. And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s ___55___ cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.
In a word, when science meets seafood, many wonderful things happen naturally.
A. Eagerly B. Hurriedly C. Incidentally D. Interestingly
A. dieter B. foodie C. taster D. vegetarian
A. discipline B. enthusiasm C. discovery D. mindset
A. growing B. investigating C. increasing D. targeting
A. accept B. adopt C. grant D. seek
A. farm B. race C. section D. line
A. available B. affordable C. competitive D. profitable
A. additive B. cruelty C. meat D. salt
A. guideline B. transformation C. condition D. timeline
A. demanding B. directing C. persuading D. training
A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
A. difference B. emergence C. sacrifice D. leap
A. Tracking B. Supervising C. Popularizing D. Sampling
A. feeding B. killing C. mistreating D. trapping
A. captured B. stranded C. consumed D. produced
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了企业家Sandhya Sriram把知识用于开发养殖海鲜，成立了一家公司，生产实验室培育的甲壳类动物肉。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2018年8月，她急切地注册了自己的公司Shiok Meats。A. Eagerly急切地；B. Hurriedly急忙；C. Incidentally偶然地；D. Interestingly有趣地。根据上文“Sandhya Sriram is impatient.( Sandhya Sriram没有耐心)”可知，指她急切地注册了自己的公司Shiok Meats。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她一生都是素食主义者，从来没有吃过真正的虾，但在她注册公司的那一周，她尝了一口。A. dieter节食者；B. foodie美食家；C. taster试味员；D. vegetarian素食者。根据后文“she had never tried real shrimp”推测她是素食主义者。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，她的“热情”的结果可以在她的公司总部看到。A. discipline纪律；B. enthusiasm热情；C. discovery发现；D. mindset观念。根据上文“What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.(亚洲人最得吃多的什么？海鲜。答案很简单。它们太好吃了。)”此处指她对
于海鲜的热情。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从隔壁房间的生物反应器中提取了样本，该公司正在那里培养甲壳类动物细胞。A. growing生长；B. investigating调查；C. increasing增加；D. targeting把……作为目标。根据上文“He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door”指公司在生物反应器中培养甲壳类动物细胞。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shiok Meats已经向一组精选的品尝者展示了虾、龙虾和螃蟹的原型，并计划在2023年4月之前寻求监管部门的批准，出售实验室培育的虾。A. accept接受；B. adopt采取；C. grant给予；D. seek寻找。根据后文“regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp”指寻求监管部门的批准，出售实验室培育的虾。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能使它成为世界上第一家将养殖虾送到食客面前的公司，使其在养殖肉竞赛中处于领先地位。A. farm农场；B. race比赛；C. section部分；D. line线条。根据上文“putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat”可知，这家公司成为世界上第一家将养殖虾送到食客面前的公司，使其在养殖肉竞赛中处于领先地位。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在撰写本文时，只有一家公司获得了监管部门的批准，可以销售实验室培育的动物蛋白产品：Eat Jus的养殖鸡，但只在新加坡销售。A. available可获得的；B. affordable便宜的；C. competitive竞争的；D. profitable盈利的。根据后文“but only in Singapore”可知，这家公司可以销售实验室培育的动物蛋白产品：Eat Jus的养殖鸡，但只在新加坡销售。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shiok Meats 仍需提交所有必要的文件并获得监管部门的批准，但该公司希望在 2024 年年中看到其产品进入餐馆，为美食家提供比农场甲壳类动物更环保、更无公害的选择。A. additive添加剂；B. cruelty残酷；C. meat肉；D. salt盐。根据上文“offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of”指该公司希望在 2024 年年中看到其产品进入餐馆，为美食家提供比农场甲壳类动物更环保、更无公害的选择。短语free of cruelty表示“无公害。”故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但即使这个雄心勃勃的时间表得以实现，普通人吃到人工养殖的甲壳类动物可能还需要一段时间。A. guideline指导方针；B. transformation变化；C. condition条件；D. timeline时间轴。对应上文“see its products in restaurants by mid-2024”指在 2024 年让这种产品进入餐厅的时间表，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅需要监管部门的批准，还需要更多的资金和更大的工厂，还要说服世界各地的消费者和政府接受实验室种植的海鲜。A. demandin2024年上海高三英语二模试题：完形填空
（一）
（2024年宝山区二模）
For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers. But developments in the past few years have ___41___ these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the ___42___ of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability.
AI programs have the ___43___ to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers. These include media jobs, such as writing advertisements and articles, along with many jobs in the financial fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming. AI is good at ___44___ data, so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs ___45___.
Using AI for certain tasks may be a good thing. Perhaps AI will ___46___ less interesting work, allowing people to do more satisfying jobs, just as earlier technologies have. Using a machine to do laundry saves time ___47___ to washing clothes by hand, and many people use that extra time productively. ___48___, AI may be able to take over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative, since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.
Another big challenge for AI is human ___49___. Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines. Hence, AI is _____50_____ to replace humans for jobs that require personal connection, such as counseling or teaching. A robot can perform tasks, but it cannot _____51_____ care about others, and sometimes care is what people need.
AI can process data quickly, but it can only use data that it is given. So it cannot adapt to situations that _____52_____ significantly from those in its data. Thus, although some AI programs can create content, none of them can be truly creative as the content AI creates will _____53_____ consist of some combination of its sources.
Finally, if the AI receives false information, it has no way of recognizing that as false. Humans can also be fooled, but life experience can tell them whether a claim is reasonable, an ability that AI does not have. _____54_____, AI must continually be fact-checked to make sure its data, and therefore its conclusions, are accurate.
Thus, although AI may replace some jobs, others require a human _____55_____. At best AI may eliminate
certain boring parts of tasks so that humans can focus on things that only they can do.
41. A. denied B. prevented C. transferred D. intensified
42. A. function B. possibility C. capability D. character
43. A. potential B. schedule C. objective D. ambition
44. A. searching B. providing C. analyzing D. storing
45. A. at risk B. at work C. at last D. at least
46. A. bring over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
47. A. wasted B. compared C. consumed D. spared
48. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Meanwhile
49. A. interaction B. resource C. resistance D. creativity
50. A. unwilling B. unlikely C. unfair D. unfortunate
51. A. deeply B. accurately C. directly D. genuinely
52. A. evolve B. range C. differ D. result
53. A. inevitably B. immediately C. insignificantly D. improbably
54. A. Frequently B. Generally C. Instantly D. Consequently
55. A. nature B. need C. touch D. permission
（二）
（2024年崇明区二模）
Maps, number lines, shapes, artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls. However, too much of a good thing may end up ___41___ attention and learning in young children, according to research published in Psychological Science.
Psychology researchers Anna V. Fisher, Karrie E. Godwin and Howard Seltman of Carnegie Mellon University looked at whether classroom displays affected children’s ability to maintain ___42___ during instruction and to learn the lesson content. They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted, spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning ___43___than when the decorations were removed.
“Young children spend a lot of time — usually the whole day — in the same classroom, and we have shown that a classroom’s ___44___ environment can affect how much children learn,” said Fisher, lead author and associate professor of psychology in the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Should teachers ___45___ their visual displays based on the findings of this study
“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all ___46___ problems. Furthermore,___47___ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations, teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to ___49___.”
For the study, 24 kindergarten students were placed in ____50____classrooms for six introductory science lessons on topics they were unfamiliar with. Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom, and three lessons were given in a sparse (稀疏的) classroom. The results showed that while children learned in both _____51_____ types, they learned more when the room was not heavily decorated. Specifically, children’s _____52_____ on the test questions was higher in the sparse classroom (55% correct) than in the decorated classroom (42% correct).
“We were also interested in finding out if the visual displays were removed, whether the children’s attention would _____53_____ to another distraction, such as talking to their peers, or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same,” said Godwin, a Ph.D. candidate in psychology and fellow of the Program in Interdisciplinary Education Research.
However, when the researchers totaled all of the time children spent off-task in both types of classrooms, the rate of off-task _____54_____ was higher in the decorated classroom (38.6% time spent off-task) than in the sparse classroom (28.4% time spent off-task).
The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms _____55_____.
A. attracting B. distracting C. holding D. paying
A. confidence B. relationship C. consistency D. focus
A. gains B. opportunities C. needs D. disabilities
A. social B. natural C. physical D. visual
A. turn over B. take down C. try out D. look into
A. athletic B. environmental C. educational D. communicative
A. additional B. prior C. national D. independent
A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
A. stretch B. adapt C. concentrate D. explore
A. decorated B. empty C. transitional D. laboratory
A. teaching B. classroom C. school D. personality
A. accuracy B. emphasis C. impact D. perspective
A. refer B. listen C. respond D. shift
A. questions B. behaviors C. incidents D. tasks
A. originally B. innovatively C. appropriately D. exclusively
（三）
（2024年奉贤区二模）
In a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty. Among them were four sons of Mexican immigrants, Juan, Oscar, Luis, and Alfredo. These boys, coming from ____21____ backgrounds, often found themselves overlooked and underestimated. Bonded by fate and friendship, they shared a common passion for ____22____. Two science teachers there decided to enter their high school into a complicated ____23____ robotics competition sponsored by the NASA and the Naval Research. Excited for the news, these four boys signed up for the competition.
With enthusiasm and energy, they started calling mechanical engineers for design help. They were ____24____ that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating material used in various marine applications.____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life. With the teachers’ guidance and encouragement, they ____27____ together a robot with no more than metal and wires.
As they worked on their robot, the boys also faced personal challenges. Juan struggled with the weight of family responsibilities; Oscar ____28____ a deep-seated fear of failure; Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’ mockery (嘲笑) for his ____29____ accent, and Alfredo longed for acceptance and belonging.____30____ these obstacles, they persevered, leaning on each other for support and inspiration.
After a few test runs of their robot, they piled into a second-hand van to head to the competition. Upon entering the main pool area, they noticed the college teams wearing matching outfits, with robots sponsored by big companies. Feeling a bit nervous, the boys put the robot in the water for a test run.____31____, the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.
However, instead of letting this ____32____ ruin their spirits, the boys put their heads together and came up with a brilliant solution. 12 hours later, armed with 8 super-absorbent pads to plug the leak, the robot was ____33____ into the pool again. This time, their robot performed admirably. Gliding gracefully through the waters, it navigated the course with precision and speed,____34____ the judges and audience alike. This underwater robot, a symbol of their determination and ____35____, conquered the waters, defeated engineering powerhouse MIT and
ranked first in the country. This was not just a win for those four but a victory for every underdog with a dream.
A. academic B. relevant C. humble D. professional
A. space B. mechanics C. research D. ocean
A. giant B. industrial C. underwater D. local
A. advised B. forced C. challenged D. consulted
A Reliant on B. Available to C. Short of D. Desperate for
A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
A. tied B. pieced C. added D. wrapped
A. conquered B. created C. expressed D. battled
A. perfect B. strange C. slight D. elegant
A. With B. Given C. Despite D. Besides
A. Unfortunately B. Basically C. Actually D. Consequently
A. disagreement B. failure C. conflict D. progress
A. scaled B. lowered C. inserted D. fed
A. boring B. confusing C. wowing D. motivating
A. bravery B. generosity C. confidence D. perseverance
（四）
（2024年虹口区二模）
In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes
this a particularly important problem.
___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading
43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring
44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive
45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied
46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance
47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of
48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function
49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal
50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence
51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed
52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies
53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement
54 A. mature B. initial C. different D. final
55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. special
（五）
（2024年黄浦区二模）
My father decided to start learning French when he was 57. On the surface, his retirement hobby seems a little random — our family has no connection to French-speaking countries — but his ___41___ ran deeper than a passion for cakes. My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症) in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual, that is, being able to speak two languages equally well, can ___42___ the start of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that ___43___ benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.
Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ___44___ though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is ___45___ working,” said Mark Antoniou, a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.
The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how ___46___ you speak it. The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to ___47___ your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive ___48___. That process is called cognitive inhibition. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes stronger to the ___49___ caused by diseases like dementia. The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to ___50___.
However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your 60s is ___51___. Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well. Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no ___52___ in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.
The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential ___53___. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any ___54___. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their ___55___ and frequency. Some studies taught participants for eight months, others for just one very intense week.
41. A. affection B. contribution C. motivation D. struggle
42. A. delay B. prevent C. signal D. stimulate
43. A. additional B. educational C. lasting D. potential
44. A. beneficial B. common C. impractical D. rare
45. A. carelessly B. constantly C. creatively D. delicately
46. A. long B. often C. soon D. well
47. A. command B. practice C. restrict D. spread
48. A. function B. psychology C. system D. training
49. A. damages B. operations C. pains D. signs
50. A. decline B. improve C. matter D. restore
51. A. available B. mounting C. stronger D. weaker
52. A. difference B. involvement C. point D. reduction
53. A. applications B. explanations C. findings D. suggestions
54. A. diversities B. improvements C. outcomes D. possibilities
55. A. content B. intention C. length D. requirement
（六）
（2024年嘉定区二模）
Picture this: you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do. When you open the ____41____, your heart sinks. There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18. You probably vow (发誓) to ____42____ dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner. ____43____, this time, what if you just turned to your friend, closed the menu, and said, “Sorry, I have to be honest. I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else ”
That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the ____44____ burden, but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally. In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and ____45____ to be something they’re not, it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.
The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being ____46____ about what you do and don’t want to spend money on. Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ____47____, who are pointing out that it has come at a
significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive.
It’s not just a TikTok thing though. Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the ____48____. Nikolina Cuca, a financial advisor, says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients, causing them to spend ____49____ on luxury items. “There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means. This trend helps young people moderate spending by _____50_____ the idea of living within budgets.”
Beyond just saving money, loud budgeting is also bringing people closer. Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family. By _____51_____ discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations. And perhaps the most valuable part of the loud budgeting trend is that it provides a sense of _____52_____. For example, if you tell a friend you are trying to cut back spending on drinks out, you are much _____53_____ to stick with the goal than if you just keep it to yourself.
With its focus on being open, spending wisely, and building _____54_____, loud budgeting is more than just a passing trend, but a cool way for the younger generation to _____55_____ their finances. As more people adopt this approach, it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future.
41. A. door B. menu C. bill D. wallet
42. A. appeal to B. lead to C. stick to D. object to
43. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. However
44. A. financial B. cultural C. physical D. economical
45. A. refusing B. pretending C. agreeing D. guaranteeing
46. A. worried B. angry C. honest D. excited
47. A. male B. female C. young D. old
48. A. tradition B. truth C. treasure D. trend
49. A. below their standards B. beyond their means C. towards their goals D. despite their differences
50. A. normalizing B. criticizing C. memorizing D. visualizing
51. A. endlessly B. intelligently C. openly D. formally
52. A. belonging B. accountability C. flexibility D. rigidity
53. A. less motivated B. less equipped C. more hesitant D. more likely
54. A. connections B. business C. habitats D. reputation
55. A. lose faith in B. take charge of C. do away with D. make up for
（七）
（2024年金山区二模）
Sandhya Sriram is impatient. The stem-cell (干细胞) scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use, developing cultivated seafood. Yet no one was doing that in Singapore. So four years ago, she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean (甲壳纲动物) meat. ___41___, she registered her company, Shiok Meats in August 2018. “Nobody was doing crustaceans,” says Sriram, Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder. “What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.” A lifelong ___42___, she had never tried real shrimp, but she sampled it the week she registered the company.
Today, the results of her ___43___ can be seen at the headquarters of her company. During a fall 2022 visit, a bio-process engineer looked into a microscope carefully. He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is ___44___ crustacean cells. Under the lens, he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.
Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp, lobster, and crab prototypes (最初形态) to a select group of tasters, and it plans to ___45___ regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April 2023. That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners, putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat ___46___. As of this writing, only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products: Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is ___47___ but only in Singapore. Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval, but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024, offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of ___48___ than crustaceans from farms.
But even if that ambitious ___49___ is met, it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans. It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory, along with ___50___ consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___. Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of 2023, where a 500-liter and a 2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major ___52___ from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors. The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.
___53___ these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production. Organic waste, chemicals, and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater. Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty, as growing protein in a lab helps avoid ___54___ animals. And
cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s ___55___ cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.
In a word, when science meets seafood, many wonderful things happen naturally.
A. Eagerly B. Hurriedly C. Incidentally D. Interestingly
A. dieter B. foodie C. taster D. vegetarian
A. discipline B. enthusiasm C. discovery D. mindset
A. growing B. investigating C. increasing D. targeting
A. accept B. adopt C. grant D. seek
A. farm B. race C. section D. line
A. available B. affordable C. competitive D. profitable
A. additive B. cruelty C. meat D. salt
A. guideline B. transformation C. condition D. timeline
A. demanding B. directing C. persuading D. training
A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
A. difference B. emergence C. sacrifice D. leap
A. Tracking B. Supervising C. Popularizing D. Sampling
A. feeding B. killing C. mistreating D. trapping
A. captured B. stranded C. consumed D. produced
（八）
（2024年静安区二模）
City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2m people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and tarmac, meanwhile, absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also ___21___ plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration (蒸腾作用). The never-ceasing ___22___ of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.
A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly ___23___ tiny particles floating in the air, which are then washed to the ground by rain. Besides transpiration, they provide ___24___.
To cool an area effectively, trees must be planted in quantity. Two years ago, researchers at the University of
Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree ___25___ to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities — and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries — are ___26___ with parks, private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees. And the problem is likely to get worse. At the moment, 55% of people live in cities. By 2050 that share is expected to reach 68%.
One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial ___27___ to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant miniature simulacra (模拟物) of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth. Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s, their leader, Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan, has developed a way to do this starting with even the most ___28___ deserted areas. And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing ___29___ around the world.
Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebuild the process of ecological succession, by which ___30___ land develops naturally into mature forest. Usually, the first arrival is grass, followed by small trees and, finally, larger ones. The Miyawaki method ___31___ some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.
Dr Miyawaki has ___32___ the planting of more than 1,500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Wherever they are planting, though, gardeners are not restricted to ___33___ nature’s recipe book to the letter. Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements. A popular choice, ___34___, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.
If your goal is to better your ___35___ surroundings, rather than to save the planet from global warming, then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.
A. thrive B. nourish C. displace D. raise
A. assessment B. maintenance C. spread D. replacement
A. release B. trap C. reflect D. dissolve
A. attraction B. shadow C. interaction D. shade
A. consumption B. coverage C. interval D. conservation
A. blessed B. lined C. piled D. fascinated
A. treatment B. obstacle C. warning D. solution
A. unnoticed B. unpromising C. untested D. unfading
A. criticism B. favor C. sponsor D. anxiety
A. bare B. graceful C. faint D. mysterious
A. highlights B. skips C. improves D. pushes
A. accessed B. spotted C. supervised D. ranked
A. disturbing B. balancing C. following D. reducing
A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all
A. suburban B. leisure C. scenic D. immediate
（九）
（2024年浦东新区二模）
Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. ___21___, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and ___22___, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for ___23___ screening of newborns for hearing loss.
Their ___24___ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from ___25___ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be ___26___ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from ___27___. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.
Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of ___28___. The rest of the time there is simply no ___29___ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.
The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the ____30____ of the ear’s internal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, ____31____, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can ____32____ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should ____33____ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.
It is at this stage that things get a bit ____34____. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth ____35____ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests — to identify three infants with hearing loss
A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly
A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested
A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory
A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit
A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights
A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to
A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable
A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness
A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt
A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity
A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all
A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect
A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve
A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated
A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting
（十）
（2024年普陀区二模）
Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. ___41___, most of the bird species disappeared.
While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been ___42___, our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils (化石), and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ___43___ over time. This conceals the true ___44___ of global extinctions.
Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly ___45___ human activity.
The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to ___46___ the undiscovered bird extinctions.
Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ___47___ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and ___48___ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no ___49___, lost from history.”
Dr S ren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied ____50____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, ____51____ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ____52____ these species for survival.”
Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands ____53____ by people. These ____54____ from the iconic (标志性的) Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species ____55____, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind.
41. A. To some extent B. On average C. As a result D. In short
42. A. confirmed B. recorded C. concealed D. discussed
43. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. disintegrated
44. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence
45. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of
46. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize
47. A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural
48. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed
49. A. trace B. route C. change D. proposal
50. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social
51. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to
52. A. depend on B. interact with C. fight against D. stay away
53. A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed
54. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date
55. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity
（十一）
（2024年青浦区二模）
Although many over-processed foods can satisfy the desire for sweet, fatty, salty foods, research suggests these items are particularly bad for the heart and brain, with mood and cognition taking a hit.
The most recent research looking at the ___41___ of over-processed food found the most far-reaching results. Researchers ___42___ direct links between higher consumption of over-processed foods and a greater risk of many health issues.
These results are ___43___ earlier studies. Diets high in these foods were linked to greater risk of depression and anxiety, according to an analysis published in the journal Nutrients. In one of these studies, risk rose from ___44___ just 33 percent of calories from over-processed food. A separate study found that taking in just 20 percent of calories from these foods was linked to a 28 percent faster rate of cognitive ___45___ compared with people who ate less processed food.
Also ___46___ is a study tracking about half a million people living in England, Scotland, and Wales that found the risk of dementia (痴呆) went up by 25 percent for every 10 percent increase in over-processed food. While the exact cause-and-effect relationship is still unknown, the strongest evidence from prospective studies ___47___ the idea that eating high amounts of over-processed foods increases the risk of depression in the future.
It is common knowledge that eating too much salt or sugar is linked to high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes. What the public may not appreciate, ___48___, is that all these conditions affect the brain by raising the risk for dementia. ___49___ such as certain artificial sweeteners may also disturb the production and release of brain chemicals, such as dopamine, which can negatively affect mental and emotional ____50____.
Another problem with over-processed foods is that they might be addictive. Over-processed foods have more in common with a(n) ____51____ than foods by Mother Nature. Humans have evolved to respond to foods that are sweet, fatty, and high in calories. For most of human existence this helped us ____52____. But in nature, foods are ____53____ modestly high in sugar — like berries — or high in fat, like nuts. You don’t find foods high in both sugar and fat. That’s a distinctive ____54____ of over-processed foods. Add in salt, artificial flavorings and bright colors, and our brain simply ____55____ these foods.
41. A. recipe B. flavor C. preparation D. impact
42. A. promoted B. identified C. evaluated D. dismissed
43. A. contrary to B. consistent with C. concerned about D. dependent on
44. A. consuming B. calculating C. reducing D. burning
45. A. improvement B. advantage C. quality D. decline
46. A. reassuring B. contradictory C. alarming D. sustainable
47. A. goes against B. casts doubt on C. leans towards D. puts forward
48. A. however B. therefore C. by chance D. for instance
49. A. Decorations B. Additives C. Options D. Contributors
50. A. problem B. capacity C. outburst D. well-being
51. A. appetizer B. cigarette C. dessert D. snack
52. A. survive B. emerge C. venture D. mature
53. A. still B. barely C. only D. rather
54. A. nutrition B. taste C. dish D. characteristic
55 A. gains insight into B. loses control over C. shows concern for D. gets hold of
（十二）
（2024年闵行区二模）
In Favour of Simple Writing
Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in ___41___ even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over ___42___: get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.
People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of ___43___, even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established ___44___ that have long been prized in guides to writing.
Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to ___45___ needless words. The authors, however, have ___46___ the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words almost ___47___ the response rate.
Keeping messages to a ___48___ idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. ___49___ the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional
link.
Syntax (句法) and ____51____ matter, too. It is more ____52____ to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.
If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as ____53____ as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable ____54____. If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not ____55____ it at all.
41. A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending
42. A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology
43. A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer
44. A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives
45. A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret
46. A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped
47. A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained
48. A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single
49. A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating
50. A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular
51. A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection
52. A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common
53. A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly
54. A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits
55. A. received B. written C. read D. answered
（十三）
（2024年松江区二模）
The way of recording things has never ceased to develop. In the 1980s, as sales of video recorders went up, old 8mm home movies were gradually replaced by VHS (video home system)tapes. Later, video tapes of family holidays lost their appeal and the use of DVDs ___21___. Those, too, have had their day. Even those holding their childhood
memories in digital files on their laptops now know these files face the risk of ___22___.
Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be ___23___ and distributed, reducing the risk of their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces ___24___ on the original items. The International Dunhuang Project, ___25___, has digitised items like manuscripts (手稿) from the Mogao caves in China, enabling scholars from around the world to access records easily without touching the real items.
But the news that the Ministry of Justice of the UK is proposing to scan the 110 million people’s wills it holds and then destroy a handful of ___26___ after 25 years has shocked historians. The ministry cites this as a way of providing easier access for researchers. But that only justifies digitisation, not the ___27___ of the paper copies. The officials note the change will be economically efficient (saving around 4.5m a year) while keeping all the essential information.
Scholars ___28___. Most significantly, physical records can themselves carry important information — the kind of ink or paper used may be part of the history that historians are ___29___. and error s are often made in scanning. Besides, digital copies are arguably more ___30___ than the material items, just in different ways. The attack from the Internet on the British Library last October has prevented scholars from ___31___ digitised materials it holds: imagine if researchers could not return to the originals. Some even think digitised information can easily be lost within decades no matter what ___32___ are put in place.
The government says that it will save the original wills of “famous people for historic record”, such as that of Princess Diana’s. However, assuming that we know who will ___33___ to future generations is extraordinarily proud. Mary Seacole, a pioneering nurse who now appears on the national school course in the UK, was largely ___34___ for almost a century.
The digitisation of old documents is a valuable, even essential measure. But to destroy the originals once they have been scanned, is not a matter of great ___35___, but of huge damage.
A. paused B. boomed C. recovered D. disappeared
A. getting outdated B. coming into style C. being fined D. making an error
A. deleted B. named C. copied D. altered
A. fight or flight B. life or death C. wear and tear D. awe and wonder
A. unfortunately B. additionally C. in summary D. for example
A. the originals B. the essentials C. the visualised D. the digitised
A. preservation B. classification C. publication D. destruction
A. applaud B. disagree C. discriminate D. withdraw
A. revising B. abandoning C. uncovering D. enduring
A. meaningful B. favourable C. resistant D. delicate
A. inventing B. adjusting C. accessing D. damaging
A outcomes B. safeguards C. deadlines D. byproducts
A. matter B. respond C. lose D. live
A. spared B. discussed C. forgotten D. protected
A. sacrifice B. courage C. efficiency D. admiration
（十四）
（2024年徐汇区二模）
Alipay, the digital payment arm of Chinese financial technology company Ant Group, is allocating more resources to roll out translation services in 16 languages, to ensure foreigners in China can use mobile payments without any hurdles.
Alipay’s move comes amid China’s intensified efforts to further improve foreigners’ payment ____41____ in the country.
Alipay has allowed foreigners in China to link their ____42____ bank cards, including Visa and Mastercard, to its mobile payment tool, greatly streamlining (精简) the payment processes, said Zhu Xugang, director of the cross-border business at Ant Group.
Users of 10 overseas e-wallets are also able to use their familiar home e-wallets on their own phones by ____43____Alipay QR codes, to enjoy seamless mobile payment experiences across Alipay’s vast merchant network.
According to Alipay, foreigners can use the app to complete payments at restaurants, hotels, scenic spots, convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as for ride-hailing, shared bikes, buses and other public ____44____services in China. The newly ____45____ multilingual app includes English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Japanese.
The mobile payment app has also ____46____ the single transaction (交易) limit for overseas travelers using mobile payments from $1,000 to $5,000 and lifted the annual cumulative transaction limit from $10,000 to $50,000.
The State Council, China’s Cabinet, published a guideline on improving payment services and ____47____ payment convenience in early March, a move to better meet the ____48____payment needs of the elderly and foreign
visitors.
Last week, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, ____49____a payment guide that provides foreigners with text and graphic _____50_____ on using bank cards, cash, mobile payments and e-CNY in China, the latest step in the country’s push to optimize the payment experience for foreigners.
Wang Pengbo, a senior analyst at market consultancy Botong Analysys, said the intensified efforts to provide convenient payment services will not only _____51_____ improve the living and consumption experience of foreigners in China and attract more of them to the country, but also promote the healthy and sustainable development of the payment _____52_____.
Wang said the move demonstrates the country’s resolve to expand high-standard opening-up, _____53_____ the online payment scenarios of Alipay are wide enough, with high usage frequency. So, what it should do now is to expand the scope of foreign bank card binding and improve and simplify authentication of new users, to provide more convenient payment services to foreigners.
Meanwhile, Chinese banks are taking measures to expand the _____54_____ of overseas bank cards and facilitate their use of cash in the country.
Dong said more efforts are needed to expand the scenarios of various types of payment methods at tourist attractions, sporting events, transportation hubs, healthcare and beauty centers and other daily _____55_____ sites.
A. expectations B. memorizations C. experiences D. durations
A. international B. domestic C. interior D. commercial
A. copying B. photographing C. sharing D. scanning
A. transportation B. security C. education D. maintenance
A. evolved B. launched C. specialized D. simplified
A. decreased B. restricted C. suspended D. raised
A. implementing B. enhancing C. administrating D. subscribing
A. diversified B. facilitated C. digitalized D. conflicted
A. purchased B. authorized C. released D. commercialized
A. designs B. illustrations C. instructions D. imagery
A. significantly B. artificially C. individually D. frequently
A. gateway B. industry C. deadline D. term
A. developing B. monitoring C. securing D. adding
A. recognition B. acceptance C. regulation D. policy
A. construction B. application C. production D. consumption
（十五）
（2024年长宁区二模）
A cure for the future in the past
For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government ___21___ and underfunding are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.
For some, however, there are ___22___. They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a ___23___.
Consider these case studies:
Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was almost ___24___, and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed ___25___, but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In ___26___, I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeutic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did ___27___ it to some extent”.
Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was ___28___ for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I read about ___29___ which involve the whole person rather than the individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend ___30___ a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was ___31___ to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more ___32___ lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing. I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was ___33___ the problem. Now I feel great!”
So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine While it is true that some infections and viruses may be ___34___ by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures. We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop ___35___ in its future. But we mustn’t forget that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.
A. support B. restrictions C. cutbacks D. concern
A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales
A. comeback B. living C. change D. mess
A. unique B. uncertain C. universal D. unbearable
A. permission B. surgery C. supervision D. strength
A. condition B. desperation C. general D. particular
A. protect B. recover C. relieve D. treat
A. eager B. grateful C. famous D. responsible
A. treatments B. sources C. spirits D. comments
A. supervised B. declared C. recommended D. tempted
A. contributing B. adapting C. subjecting D. objecting
A. moderate B. active C. negative D. suitable
A. identifying B. investigating C. estimating D. worsening
A. prevented B. empowered C. indicated D. restored
A. undertaking B. invading C. investing D. evolving
（十六）
（2024年杨浦区二模）
4 Ways to Get That Vacation Feeling in Two Days
Going on vacation every week It might sound like the ____21____ dream. But a simple mindset ____22____ can make it happen—no travel involved.
A few years ago, Holmes and her colleagues began ____23____ the importance of taking vacations. In a series of experiments, Holmes’ team ____24____ 441 U.S. workers to either spend the weekend like any other, or treat it like a vacation. When they were back at work on Monday, people who had adopted a vacation mindset reported being happier and less stressed.
“What was somewhat surprising is that the effect wasn’t driven by people spending time all that ____25____,” Holmes says. “It was this mindset that allowed them to be more present, ____26____ being in “doing” mode, it allowed people to settle in and be in the moment.
We asked people to share their favorite tips for adopting a vacation mindset at home.
1. Get creative about ____27____ time
Not everyone has Saturday and Sunday off work and actually some people often find their weekend schedules
fully ____28____. You could still apply the philosophy. For example, devote an hour on Sunday morning to the ____29____, but protect the rest of the weekend as your vacation time.
2. Reflect on priorities
Focus on what makes a vacation different from a _____30_____ weekend. “Does it mean turning off your email notifications Spending money carelessly “Maybe it means being able to spend time with people you don’t normally get to see, or giving yourself a break on a workout,” Holmes says. “It’s helpful to make a list of those things and be able to _____31_____.”
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decision scientist Nika Kabiri recommends doing something totally new so you can disconnect from the same old routines _____33_____ your life. Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to before go for a stroll, and grab lunch at the first cute café you see. “The spontaneity（自发性）is what makes experiences like this feel vacation-like,” Kabiri says.
4. Don’t put extra pressure on yourself
Treating your weekend like a vacation doesn’t mean it needs to be a complicated affair. If your “vacation” encounters a few problems or lasts for only a few hours—don’t worry. “It doesn’t have to be all or nothing,” Kabiri says. “Don’t put pressure on yourself to have this ‘perfect vacation.’” It’s _____34_____ to be fun. _____35_____, there’s always another one just a few days away.
21. A. unattainable B. inharmonious C. incomplete D. unprofessional
22. A. study B. shift C. trend D. proposal
23. A. representing B. ranking C. exploring D. predicting
24. A. persuaded B. challenged C. motivated D. instructed
25. A. practically B. literally C. identically D. differently
26. A. In light of B. Regardless of C. In favor of D. Instead of
27. A. telling B. killing C. making D. changing
28. A. cleared B. packed C. removed D. dominated
29. A. laundry B. recreation C. movies D. picnic
30. A. regular B. dramatic C. primitive D. peaceful
31. A. identify with B. depend on C. follow through D. substitute for
32. A. resident B. master C. tourist D. neighbor
33. A. facilitating B. governing C. revealing D. polishing
34. A. proved B. defined C. described D. meant
35. A. Plus B. Hence C. Still D. Finally

展开更多......

收起↑