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2024年上海高三英语二模试题分类：六选四
（一）
（2024年宝山区二模）
Mary Poppins held on to her famous black umbrella while floating overhead and singing “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.” The audience watched in amazement, and many sang along! Poppins floated for a bit and eventually landed in the midst of the excited crowd before getting on stage. No, this wasn’t a scene from a Disney movie. _____67_____His background helps explain his passion for music. The world-renowned violinist and conductor was born into a musical family in October 1949 in Maastricht, Netherlands. He began learning to play the violin at age five and immediately fell in love with the instrument!
_____68_____ He started by creating a small ensemble (乐团). Then in 1978, Rieu established the Maastricht Salon Orchestra, from which he later developed the Johann Strauss Orchestra.
They had limited success until 1995 when Rieu was asked to provide entertainment for a soccer game. He got the entire stadium to sing along to a popular waltz. _____69_____
Today Rieu is the best-selling classical artist worldwide. He has sold in the ballpark of an astonishing 40 million records. He is the biggest male solo touring artist on the planet. His concerts sell more tickets than Beyoncé and Bruce Springsteen!
Many classical concerts are serious events, but Rieu’s are the opposite. He’s been nicknamed “The King of the Waltz” because he loves waltzes. _____70_____ Rieu says, “I love Johann Strauss, but I am also fascinated by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Bruce Springsteen.”
His shows are attended by people of all ages and always include surprises, like the delightful appearance by Mary Poppins. As Rieu says, “I only play music that touched my heart. And I know when it touches my heart, it will touch your heart.” During his performances, many audience members are visibly moved. They often clap, sing, dance, laugh, weep or hug one another. Rieu promises his audience, “You will have an evening that you will never forget.”And he is true to his word.
A. Afterward, he sold over 200,000 CDs and his popularity rising.
B. Rather, it was part of one of André Rieu’s amazing concerts.
C. As a result, Rieu became a house-hold name and won great popularity.
D. Yet his shows consist of an extensive variety of musical genres and performances.
E. Then, Rieu continued his style until he got his nickname.
F. From early on, Rieu knew what he wanted - his own orchestra.
【答案】67. B 68. F 69. A 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐家André Rieu的个人经历以及成就。
【67题详解】
根据上文“No, this wasn’t a scene from a Disney movie.(不，这不是迪斯尼电影里的场景)”可知，上文否定了不是迪斯尼电影里的场景。由此可知，本句是在解释上述的场景具体是什么。故B选项“相反，它是安德烈·里欧一场精彩音乐会的一部分”符合语境，故选B。
【68题详解】
根据后文“He started by creating a small ensemble (乐团). Then in 1978, Rieu established the Maastricht Salon Orchestra, from which he later developed the Johann Strauss Orchestra.(他从创建一个小乐团开始。1978年，里欧成立了马斯特里赫特沙龙乐团，并在此基础上发展了约翰·施特劳斯乐团)”可知，本段主要介绍了里欧创建自己乐队的经过，故F选项“从一开始，里欧就知道他想要什么——他自己的管弦乐队”符合语境，故选F。
【69题详解】
根据上文“They had limited success until 1995 when Rieu was asked to provide entertainment for a soccer game. He got the entire stadium to sing along to a popular waltz.(直到1995年，当Rieu被要求为一场足球比赛提供娱乐时，他们才取得了有限的成功。他让整个体育场的人跟着一首流行的华尔兹合唱)”可知，上文提到了取得了有限的成功、引发合唱，可知本句也是在说明他变得成功的过程。故A选项“之后，他卖出了20多万张CD，他的知名度越来越高”符合语境，故选A。
【70题详解】
根据后文“Rieu says, “I love Johann Strauss, but I am also fascinated by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Bruce Springsteen.”(Rieu说：“我喜欢约翰·施特劳斯，但我也对安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯和布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀着迷。”)”可知，里欧的音乐包含性高，有各种元素。故D选项“然而他的演出包含了各种各样的音乐流派和表演”符合语境，故选D。
（二）
（2024年崇明区二模）
Large Study Details Years of Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Patients
A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.
____67____ The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid (脊髓液) checks and other tools to collect data.
The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid. ____68____ Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble.
Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, affecting the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques (斑块) that block brain processes. The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop.
Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well. ____69____
“The more we know about Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer’s Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau.
More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months. ____70____ Other drugs are being developed to target tau.
A. The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein.
B. The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years.
C. Knowledge of the timing of these events is critical for preventing Alzheimer’s.
D. The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s.
E. The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s.
F. The researchers compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal number who remained healthy.
【答案】67. B 68. E 69. D 70. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于阿尔茨海默病患者多年来的大脑变化的大型研究。这项中国的长期研究表明，早在阿尔茨海默病患者出现症状之前，他们的大脑就会发生一系列变化，包括与疾病有关的蛋白质的变化，tau蛋白的变化等。同时提出了目前被批准的药物Leqembi的功效。
【67题详解】
根据上一段内容“A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.(在中国进行的一项长期研究表明，早在阿尔茨海默氏症患者出现症状之前，他们的大脑就会发生一系列变化。)”提出了话题“一项长期的研究”，由此推知，设空句作为第二段首句，应是承接该话题继续讲述和解释。选项B“The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years.(这项大型研究对中老年人进行了20年的跟踪调查。)”是对话题的承接和解释，主要“The larger study”呼应前文，同时句中的“20 years”呼应下一句中的“during that period(在此期间)”，前后衔接紧密。故选B项。
【68题详解】
根据前文“The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid.(研究人员报告说，后来患上阿尔茨海默氏症的研究对象的脊髓液中显示出高水平的与疾病相关的蛋白质。)”讲到研究发现了高水平的与疾病相关的蛋白质，由此推知，设空句作为后一句，继续讲述如何相关。选项E“The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s.(在患者被确定患有阿尔茨海默氏症的18年前，就已经记录到了更高的水平。)”讲述了其相关性，该种蛋白质含量的更高水平是在患者被确定患有阿尔茨海默氏症的18年前就已出现，即，该种与疾病相关的蛋白质的高含量是“先兆”。且句中“The higher levels”是对前文“high levels of disease-linked protein”的呼应，前后衔接紧密。故选E项。
【69题详解】
根据前文“Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well.(科学家们已经知道，在影响年轻人的罕见的遗传形式的阿尔茨海默氏症中，一种有毒的淀粉样蛋白在症状出现前大约20年就开始形成。在那之后的某个时刻，tau蛋白也会发展。)”提出了一个发现，即，在遗传式的阿尔茨海默氏症中，一种有毒的淀粉蛋白形成先形成，然后tau蛋白发展。由此推知，设空句应对此发现进行总结。选项D“The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s.(新发现显示了与年龄相关的阿尔茨海默氏症常见的这种生物标志物变化的顺序。)”总结了其生物标志物具有时间顺序变化的规律，即，呼应前文的“20 years ahead of symptoms(比症状早20年)”，“At some
point after that(在那之后的某个时刻)”的时间讲述，且主语“The new findings(这些新发现)”呼应前文内容，前后衔接紧密。故选D项。
【70题详解】
根据前文“But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months.(但去年，Leqembi成为首个被批准的药物，可以在几个月内延缓早期阿尔茨海默氏症的恶化。)”提到了治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的首个被批准的药物“Leqembi”，那么，设空句应该对该药物的功效进行简单的说明。选项A“The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein.(这种药物通过清除部分淀粉样蛋白起作用。)”提到其如何发挥功效，符合分析，且主语“The drug”呼应“Leqembi”，前后衔接紧密。故选A项。
（三）
（2024年奉贤区二模）
Rain Collection
What do you like to do on a rainy day —sit inside and listen to the pitter-patter on the roof or splash outside and feel the cold drops on your face Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature.
____47____ It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, people obtained their water from rain, wells, or nearby rivers. Now, many of us live in places where water is piped in, sometimes from far away. Removing so much water from nature and sending it to great distances harm the living things that also need that water.
As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages. ____48____ . One easy place to look for more water is the sky!
Humans have collected rain since ancient times. ____49____. They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground.
Even in dry climates, there is a lot of potential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet often overlooked resource has the potential to significantly contribute to water conservation efforts, especially in regions facing water shortages. Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.____50____.
Nowadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the world, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is not commonly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting
more popular since it’s easy to do and helps create water security.
A. Large roofs can, hence, collect greater amount of water.
B. Rainwater can also be used for fountains and ponds.
C. We all deeply depend on the nourishment of rain.
D. To secure future water supply, we need new sources.
E. Now, many people are returning to this practice.
F. Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty from the roof.
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. E 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在水资源短缺的地区可以通过雨水收集来获得水资源。
【47题详解】
上段最后一句“Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature.(无论你选择什么，雨在大自然中都是必不可少的)”描述雨水对于大自然的重要性，空后“It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful.(它填满河流和湖泊，慢慢地渗入土壤，滋养我们的植物，保持土地的生机和美丽)”具体展开说明雨水的用途，C选项“我们都深深依赖雨的滋养”概括下文，符合语境。故选C。
【48题详解】
空前“As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages.(随着气候变化使地球变暖并导致极端天气，越来越多的地方面临水资源短缺)”表明缺水的现象越来越多，空后“One easy place to look for more water is the sky!(一个容易找到更多水的地方是天空)”为提出了一个找到水的方案，D选项“为了保证未来的水供应，我们需要新的水源”引出下文从天空中找水资源的方法，且为第二段说明的取水方法之外的方法，new sources此处符合语境。故选D。
【49题详解】
空前“Humans have collected rain since ancient times.(自古以来，人类就开始收集雨水)”表示人们自古以来就收集雨水，空后“They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground.(他们正在利用大自然提供的这种清洁而丰富的水源。通过收集雨水，我们可以减少从河流和地下取水的数量)”表明人们正在收集雨水取水及这样做的好处，E选项“现在，许多人又回到了这种做法”中return to与前文since ancient times呼应，this practice指代前文收集雨水的做法。故选E。
【50题详解】
前文“Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.(一英寸的雨水落在一座中等大小的房子上，就会产生600加仑的水)”具体举例子说明一个中等大小的房子能获得多少水，A选项“因此，大屋顶可以收集更多的水”与前一句产生对比，表示大屋子可以收集更多的水。故选A。
（四）
（2024年虹口区二模）
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______
While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.
B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize
C. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.
D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.
E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.
F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
【答案】67. B 68. A 69. F 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是习惯化以及如何改变。
【67题详解】
根据上文“The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better.(励志书籍、健康播客和幸福研讨会的流行无可否认地反映了人类对生活更美好的持续渴望)”以及第二段“While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.(虽然我们可能有一个充满爱的家庭，一个住得好的地方，一份体面的工作，但我们常常没有注意到这些东西。这并不是因为我们忘恩负义或愚蠢，而是因为我们大脑的一个基本特征，即习惯化)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出许多人的生活比他们意识到的要好。故B选项“但是，有没有可能我们中的许多人的生活已经比我们意识到的要好呢？”符合语境，故选B。
【68题详解】
根据上文“Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same.(习惯化是神经元对固定事物的反应越来越少的趋势。你走进一个摆满玫瑰的房间，过了一会儿，你就再也闻不到玫瑰的香味了;就像你习惯了鲜花的香味一样，你也习惯了一段充满爱的关系，习惯了升职，习惯了一个美好的家，习惯了一件美妙的艺术品。就像日报的头版一样，你的大脑关心的是最近发生了什么变化，而不是什么保持不变)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出曾经让你惊艳的东西变成了习以为常的事物。故A选项“所以，曾经让你屏息凝神的东西变成了生活的一部分”符合语境，故选A。
【69题详解】
根据后文“That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.(也就是说，你可以突然开始感知并对你已经变得麻木的事物做出反应)”可知，本句主要引出后文，指出上文提到的习惯化是可以改变的。故F选项“好消息是你可以改变习惯”符合语境，故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文“If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list.(如果某件事是固定不变的，我们通常会假设（也许是无意识地）它会一直存在，因此，我们会把注意力和精力集中在清单上的下一件事上)”以及后文“If it is good at
its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.(如果它的核心是好的，它可能会重新发光。这就是为什么离开的时间，无论多么短暂，都会让你用全新的眼光看待你的生活，并打破现实)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出如何对待固定不变的事物来改变我们对其的看法。故D选项“但是如果我们能使这个弱化固定不变的东西，我们的注意力就会自然地回到它身上”符合语境，故选D。
（五）
（2024年黄浦区二模）
Antarctic Tourism: Should We Just Say No
More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before. ___67___ This has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent.
The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. ___68___ One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.
___69___ The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.
There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be. ___70___
A. The number of visitors hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season, a 40% jump over the previous record.
B. The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the breakability of its environment, but due to the lack of a single governing body.
C. Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible
D. If what you really want is to connect with snow and ice and you’re in the northern half, can you catch a train to the nearest snow region instead
E. The average per-person carbon emissions for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes – about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year.
F. There is so little regulation now that almost anything that will protect the areas by an official legal source rather than self-regulated would be really positive.
【答案】67. A 68. E 69. B 70. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极旅游正在变得流行，但也引发了环境问题。
【67题详解】
根据上文“More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before.(比以往任何时候都有更多的人去南极这个冰冻的大陆旅游)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明去南极旅游的情况。故A选项“本旅游季游客人数首次突破10万人，比之前的纪录高出40%”符合语境，故选A。
【68题详解】
根据上文“The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem.(大多数游客前往南极洲的距离使碳排放成为一个严重的问题)”以及后文“One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.(一项研究计算出，2016年至2020年期间，每位游客实际上融化了约83吨雪，这主要是由于度假船的排放)”可知，本句主要说明游客导致的环境问题，故E选项“南极游客的人均碳排放量为3.76吨——大约是一个人一整年的碳排放总量”符合语境，故选E。
【69题详解】
根据本段内容“The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.(1961年为管理南极大陆而建立的《南极条约》是在协商的基础上运作的，这意味着必须得到所有56个缔约国的同意，才能将改变付诸行动。上一次有关旅游业的重大决定是2009年通过的一项措施，禁止载有500名以上乘客的度假船靠岸。由于并非每个签署国都在国内接受了该规定，因此该规定尚未正式执行)”可知，本段主要介绍了南极的管理存在的问题。故B选项“南极处于危险之中，不仅是因为其环境的脆弱性，还因为缺乏一个单一的管理机构”符合语境，故选B。
【70题详解】
根据上文“There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be.(大家一致认为有些事情需要改变，但对于这些改变应该是什么却没有一致意见)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明如何保护南极环境。故C选项“例如，我们应该在更多的地点着陆，还是应该
尽可能地减少人类的足迹？”符合语境，故选C。
（六）
（2024年嘉定区二模）
Global Rise of TCM
Phan Thi Kim Chi’s connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) began at an early age. Growing up in a small village in Vietnam, it was inconvenient for Phan to travel to hospitals in neighboring cities. Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. ____67____ According to Phan, even though TCM has long been commonly practiced and accepted in Vietnam, finding a good school to learn TCM in Vietnam is not easy.
As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the curriculum. ____68____ It requires years of learning and practice to truly understand the concepts of yin and yang, harmony between human and nature, and the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Sometimes she even translates the TCM vocabulary and scripts into Vietnamese so she can remember and comprehend them better.
____69____ According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8, 187 last year, with the largest population of 6, 441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM.
The booming situation of TCM is not limited to schools and clinics. It has also become a lifestyle choice for many young people. There is a trend among young people to place more emphasis on health conditioning and preservation. However, experts remind that TCM emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating based on identifying syndromes (症状). It is impossible to offer a one-size- fits-all approach to all patients. ____70____
A. They highly recognized the effectiveness of TCM, especially its use in pain treatment.
B. Even when drinking herbal milk tea, it’s best to make choices accordingly.
C. Being extensive and far-reaching, TCM is deeply connected with Chinese philosophy.
D. Overseas students of TCM, like Phan, are not rare.
E. This led her to major in TCM at a traditional medical school in China.
F. Many other Chinese medicine institutions have adopted similar strategic initiatives.
【答案】67. E 68. C 69. D 70. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中医药在全球崛起的现象。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Phan Thi Kim Chi’s connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) began at an early age. Growing up in a small village in Vietnam, it was inconvenient for Phan to travel to hospitals in neighboring cities. Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. (Phan Thi Kim Chi与中医的联系始于早年。Phan在越南的一个小村庄长大，去邻近城市的医院很不方便。每当她小时候感冒或头痛时，她的家人都会向当地的中医寻求帮助。)”可知，本句主要说明了小时候看中医的经历对Phan Thi Kim Chi的影响。故E选项“这使她在中国的一所传统医学院主修中医”符合语境，故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上文“As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the curriculum. (作为一名外国留学生，Phan认为中医基础理论课是课程中最具挑战性的一门课。)”以及后文“It requires years of learning and practice to truly understand the concepts of yin and yang, harmony between human and nature, and the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Sometimes she even translates the TCM vocabulary and scripts into Vietnamese so she can remember and comprehend them better. (它需要多年的学习和实践才能真正理解阴阳、人与自然的和谐以及木、火、土、金、水五行的概念。有时她甚至把中医词汇和脚本翻译成越南语，以便更好地记住和理解它们。)”可知，本句主要说明中医基础理论课具有挑战性的原因，结合后文提到了中国的五行文化，可知中医与中国的文化有关。故C选项“中医博大精深，与中国哲学有着千丝万缕的联系。”符合语境，故选C。
【69题详解】
根据后文“According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8, 187 last year, with the largest population of 6, 441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM. (根据一份报告，去年在中国学习中医的国际学生总数为8187人，其中来自亚洲国家的人数最多，有6441人，其次是来自非洲的832人，来自欧洲的432人。此外，许多中国医科大学都有派遣教授到海外教授中医的项目。)”可知，后文主要列举了学习中医的国际学生人数，说明Phan不是个例。故D选项“像Phan这样的中医留学生并不少见。”符合语境，故选D。
【70题详解】
根据上文“However, experts remind that TCM emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating based on identifying syndromes (症状). It is impossible to offer a one-size- fits-all approach to all patients. (然而，专家提醒说，中医强调在识别证候的基础上进行诊断和治疗的重要性。不可能对所有的病人都提供一刀切的方法。)”可知，
本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明运用中医知识的注意事项。故B选项“即使在喝花草奶茶的时候，也最好做出相应的选择。”符合语境，故选B。
（七）
（2024年金山区二模）
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing.
___________67___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________68___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________69___________ Instead they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________70__________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services.
D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market.
F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
【答案】67. E 68. B 69. A 70. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人引领着消费市场的新潮流的现象。
【67题详解】
根据后文“Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. (成长于互联网时代的年轻消费者，普遍具有更高的教育水平和更广阔的全球视野，并且有着相对强大的经济背景。因此，他们的消费行为与前几代人不同。)”可知，本段主要说明了年轻人在消费市场的影响。故E选项“事实上，年轻人正慢慢成为消费市场的主力军。”符合语境，故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。
【69题详解】
根据后文“Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. (相反，他们更关注产品的质量和功能。)”可知，后文与本句的内容相反，本句是在说明年轻消费者不再追求的产品。故A选项“年轻消费者不再盲目追求时尚或奢侈品。”符合语境，故选A。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (此外，年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，反映了他们的情感需求和自我价值感的增强。)”可知，上文提到年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，本句为本段最
后一句，总结这一行为是愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。故F选项“他们愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。”符合语境，故选F。
（八）
（2024年静安区二模）
Time to end Santa’s “naughty list”
Many of us have magical memories of Santa secretly bringing gifts and joy to our childhood homes — but is there a darker side to the beloved Christmas tradition
I was — and I’m happy to admit it — a loyal believer of Santa. I absolutely loved the magic of Christmas, especially Santa Claus, and my parents went above and beyond to encourage it. However, as I begin to construct my own Santa Claus myth for my daughter, I can’t help but feel guilty. Could it undermine her trust in me
___47___ Back in 1978, a study published in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (矫正精神医学) found that 85% of four-year-olds said they believed in Santa. In 2011, research published in the Journal of Cognition and Development found that 83% of 5-year-olds claimed to be true believers.
I guess it’s not all that surprising. ___48___ He features in every Christmas TV show and movie. Each year the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) allows you to track Santa’s journey on Christmas Eve. To reassure children during the pandemic in 2020, the World Health Organization issued a statement declaring that Santa was “immune” from Covid 19. And it’s precisely this effort on behalf of parents, and society in general, to create such seemingly overwhelming evidence for the existence of Santa Claus that David Kyle Johnson, a professor of philosophy at King’s College in Pennsylvania, describes as ‘The Santa Lie’ in his book The Myths That Stole Christmas. He highlights how we don’t simply ask children to imagine Santa, but rather to actually believe in him. ___49___
The “Santa lie” can reduce trust between a parent and a child. ___50___ It is the creation of false evidence and convincing kids that bad evidence is in fact good evidence that discourages the kind of critical thinking we should be encouraging in children in this era. “The ‘Santa lie’ is part of a parenting practice that encourages people to believe what they want to believe, simply because of the psychological reward,” says Johnson. “That’s really bad for society in general.”
A. But the biggest danger is the anti-critical thinking lessons that he is teaching.
B. It’s this emphasis on belief over imagination that he sees as harmful.
C. Interestingly, belief in Santa Claus has actually promoted children’s critical thinking.
D. There are plenty of cultural evidences we create for the existence of Santa.
E. He begins to probe and question the things he has seen and heard.
F. Fascinatingly, belief in Santa Claus has remained remarkably consistent.
【答案】47. F 48. D 49. B 50. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“圣诞老人谎言”是否会对孩子造成不良影响的问题。
【47题详解】
根据后文“Back in 1978, a study published in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (矫正精神医学) found that 85% of four-year-olds said they believed in Santa. In 2011, research published in the Journal of Cognition and Development found that 83% of 5-year-olds claimed to be true believers. (早在1978年，《美国矫形精神病学杂志》上发表的一项研究发现，85%的四岁孩子说他们相信圣诞老人的存在。2011年，发表在《认知与发展杂志》上的一项研究发现，83%的5岁儿童声称自己是真正的信徒。)”可知，后文的两项研究表明，儿童都一致相信圣诞老人的存在。故F选项“有趣的是，对圣诞老人的信仰一直保持着惊人的一致性”符合语境，故选F。
【48题详解】
根据上文“I guess it’s not all that surprising. (我想这没什么好惊讶的。)”以及后文“He features in every Christmas TV show and movie. (他出现在每一部圣诞电视节目和电影中。)”可知，本句承接上文，解释“这没什么好惊讶的”的原因是圣诞老人频繁出现在电视节目和电影中。故D选项“我们为圣诞老人的存在创造了大量的文化证据”符合语境，故选D。
【49题详解】
根据上文“And it’s precisely this effort on behalf of parents, and society in general, to create such seemingly overwhelming evidence for the existence of Santa Claus that David Kyle Johnson, a professor of philosophy at King’s College in Pennsylvania, describes as ‘The Santa Lie’ in his book The Myths That Stole Christmas. He highlights how we don’t simply ask children to imagine Santa, but rather to actually believe in him. (宾夕法尼亚州国王学院的哲学教授David Kyle Johnson在他的《偷走圣诞节的神话》一书中，将这种努力描述为“圣诞老人的谎言”。这种努力代表父母和整个社会，为圣诞老人的存在创造了看似压倒性的证据。他强调，我们不能简单地让孩子们想象圣诞老人，而是要他们真的相信他。)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，继续说明David Kyle Johnson对认为圣诞老人真的存在的信念的看法。故B选项“他认为这种强调信念而非想象是有害的。”符合语境，故选B。
【50题详解】
根据上文“The “Santa lie” can reduce trust between a parent and a child. (“圣诞老人的谎言”会减少父母和孩子之间的信任。)”以及后文“It is the creation of false evidence and convincing kids that bad evidence is in fact good evidence that discourages the kind of critical thinking we should be encouraging in children in this era. (制造虚假的证据，让孩子们相信坏的证据实际上是好的证据，这阻碍了我们在这个时代应该鼓励孩子们的批判性思维。)”可知，“圣诞老人的谎言”阻碍了鼓励孩子们进行批判性思维，A选项中the anti-critical thinking对应后文critical thinking。故A选项“但最大的危险是他教授的反批判性思维课程。”符合语境，故选A。
（九）
（2024年浦东新区二模）
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you ______47______ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. ______49______ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
______50______ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies.
B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety.
C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more.
D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated.
E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them.
F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基于恐惧的激励策略具有复杂性。
【47题详解】
前文“Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you (是对成功和你能取得的所有惊人成就的想法，还是对失败的恐惧和对所有可能出错的事情的担忧？)”讲述了两种不同的激励因素，后文“But is one better than the other (但是一个比另一个好吗？)”反问是否一个因素比另一个更好，由此可知，空处应讲述这两种因素经常被用来激励人们，C项“领导者、管理者和教师经常使用其中一种想法来激励人们更加努力地工作，取得更多成就。”符合题意，选项中的“these ideas”指代前文提到的两种激励因素。故选C。
【48题详解】
前文“They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，However表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。
【49题详解】
根据后文的“The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business.(失败的个人后果可能是巨大的，因此创始人可能会被激励更加努力地工作
以避免失败。一项针对英国和加拿大企业家的研究发现，对失败的恐惧可以改善问题的解决，因为人们有动力预测和解决潜在的问题。然而，这项研究也表明，这会导致拖延症的增加，因为人们过于关注他们个人害怕的事情，而不是对企业最有利的事情。)”可知，对失败的恐惧既可以有助于解决问题，也可以导致拖延症，由此可知，这种激励因素的有效性很复杂，F项“但这是激励还是阻碍了商界人士？再说一遍，这并不简单。”符合题意，选项中的“Again, it’s not straightforward”与前一段中的“As is so often the case, it’s complicated”照应。故选F。
【50题详解】
根据后文“It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.(它可以驱使自信的人做得更好，但也会增加我们的疑虑，并将其转化为障碍。)”并结合上文对学生和商业人士的分析可知，基于恐惧的激励是复杂的，所以D项“总之，这些研究表明，基于恐惧的动机是复杂的。”符合题意，选项中的“Taken together”表明这是总结。故选D。
（十）
（2024年普陀区二模）
Hanwengong Shrine
Now we come to Hanwengong Shrine, which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain. _____67_____ In the square in front of the hall, an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it, meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.
In the year of A.D. 819, for some political reason, Han Yu was exiled (流放) to Chaozhou, a backland at that time. But he was not depressed by this, and he helped local people to develop education, agriculture, irrigation and release slaves. ______68______
The shrine was built against the mountain and divided into two parts the front part and the back part. Now we play a small game: count the stone steps, and later I’ll tell you a secret. How many steps are there Yes, 51 steps! Why _____69_____ The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people. You see that old tree People say the more flowers in the tree, the more well-educated students are. But in Qing Dynasty, this magic tree, planted by Han Yu himself, died, so people planted this tree instead.
_____70_____ Here is one: when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou, there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river, which was a big social harm. One day, Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made
it public by the river. Incredibly, from the next day on, the crocodile was gone. Later, the statue, made of a portrait of Han Yu, was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.
A. When Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was 51 years old.
B. Han Yu was a Confucian figure, and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou.
C. Although Han Yu’s ideas had no obvious practical effect at the time, they had a great impact on society decades later.
D. Built in the Song dynasty, the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu, one of the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty.
E. To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou, people constructed this shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully.
F. There are so many tourists that, to relieve the pressure on the monuments, the scenic spot requires that a maximum of 500 people visit at a time.
【答案】67. D 68. E 69. A 70. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要详细介绍了韩文公祠的地理位置、建筑特点、历史背景以及与韩愈相关的故事和传说。
【67题详解】
根据空前“Now we come to Hanwengong Shrine, which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain.(现在我们来到韩文公祠，它位于韩江边，笔架山以西。)”以及空后“In the square in front of the hall, an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it, meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.(在大厅前的广场上，一块古老的书形石头上刻着韩愈的两句名言，意思是努力是成功的先决条件，深思是成功的保证。)”可知，上下文都是对韩文公祠的介绍。选项D“Built in the Song dynasty, the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu, one of the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty.(该祠建于宋代，是唐代最伟大的文学家之一韩愈的最古老、保存最完好的纪念碑。)”与上下文内容一致，都是对韩文公祠的介绍。故选D。
【68题详解】
根据上文内容“In the year of A.D. 819, for some political reason, Han Yu was exiled(流放) to Chaozhou, a backland at that time. But he was not depressed by this, and he helped local people to develop education, agriculture, irrigation and release slaves.(公元819年，由于某种政治原因，韩愈被流放到当时的内陆地区潮州。但他并没有因此而沮丧，他帮助当地人民发展教育、农业、灌溉和释放奴隶。)”可知，上文主要介绍韩愈在
潮州所做贡献的描述。选项E“To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou, people constructed this shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully.(为了纪念他对潮州发展的贡献，人们建造了这座祠，尊称他为韩文公。)”自然延续上文内容，指出正是韩愈对潮州的发展做出了贡献，当地人民才建造了韩文公祠。故选E。
【69题详解】
根据空前内容“How many steps are there Yes, 51 steps! Why (一共有多少个台阶？是的，51个！为什么？)”可知，上文主要提问的是韩文公祠一共多少台阶。选项A“When Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was 51 years old.(韩愈来到潮州时，已经51岁了。)” 解释了为什么祠堂的石阶有51个台阶，同时与下文中提到的“The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people.(韩愈第一次来到潮州，就被那里美丽的风景和当地人的热情好客所打动。)”中提到的“韩愈第一次来到潮州时”相呼应，提供了一个合理的解释。故选A。
【70题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Here is one: when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou, there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river, which was a big social harm. One day, Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made it public by the river. Incredibly, from the next day on, the crocodile was gone. Later, the statue, made of a portrait of Han Yu, was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.(这里有一个故事：韩愈在潮州居住时，韩江里有一条非常凶猛残忍的鳄鱼，给社会造成了很大的危害。有一天，韩愈起草了一份声讨鳄鱼的声明，并在江边公之于众。令人难以置信的是，从第二天开始，鳄鱼就消失了。后来，人们建了一座韩愈的雕像，并将他的言辞留在了纪念碑上，以纪念他的功绩。)”可知，本段主要讲述了关于韩愈在潮州的故事。选项B“Han Yu was a Confucian figure, and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou.(韩愈是儒家人物，潮州有很多关于他的故事。)”为下文中关于韩愈在潮州的故事提供了一个引言，指出韩愈是一位儒家人物，并在潮州有许多关于他的故事。故选B。
（十一）
（2024年青浦区二模）
Why Are You Still Coughing
Have you caught a cold recently — but can’t get rid of the cough You’re not alone. The symptom can stick around for weeks after our bodies have cleared a virus. Michael Shiloh, a physician specializing in infectious disease research at UT Southwestern Medical Center, says coughing patients often report that they were sick as many as eight
weeks prior to seeing him. He says, “_____67_____”
The United States saw a sharp rise in cases of influenza in late 2023 that’s dragged on into 2024. And though positive tests for the illness have leveled off or decreased countrywide over the past weeks, the number of people seeking healthcare for respiratory (呼吸的) diseases is still elevated across much of the U.S. _____68_____ But research on how infections affect nerves in the airway is revealing new clues.
Coughing is an important reaction that protects the airway from dangers like water or bits of mis-swallowed food, says doctor and researcher Lorcan McGarvey of Queen’s University Belfast. _____69_____ These nerves are decorated with receptor (受体) proteins that react to everything from cold air to hot pepper. When a stimulus causes those receptors, nerves send signals to the brain that we experience as the urge to cough.
While it may seem obvious that coughing is meant to clear our throats, it’s also possible that viruses cause the reaction to help themselves spread. _____70_____ And if we do ultimately cough to clear out our airway during an infection, that still wouldn’t explain what exactly our nerves sense during an infection that causes a cough.
“We don’t know,” says electrophysiologist Thomas Taylor-Clark of the University of South Florida. “But what we can say is that we do know some things, one being that viruses cause infection.”
A. The reaction is caused by nerves that reach into the airway.
B. Scientists know about many different stimuli that can cause cough.
C. Many infections involve dry coughs that don’t produce phlegm (痰) at all.
D. We can’t really detect virus any more in these individuals, and yet they’re still coughing.
E. But at least temporarily, they can send us into coughing even when we’re no longer sick.
F. Scientists still aren’t sure exactly why otherwise healthy people experience this kind of persistent cough.
【答案】67. D 68. F 69. A 70. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会一直咳嗽。
【67题详解】
根据前文“The symptom can stick around for weeks after our bodies have cleared a virus. Michael Shiloh, a physician specializing in infectious disease research at UT Southwestern Medical Center, says coughing patients often report that they were sick as many as eight weeks prior to seeing him.(在我们的身体清除病毒后，这种症状可能会持续数周。西南医学院中心专门从事传染病研究的医生Michael Shiloh说道，咳嗽病人通常他们在就诊前八周报告自己生病了)”可知，前文提到我们的身体在清除病毒后，仍然会咳嗽数周。故D项“但我们无法从这些人身上真正检测到病毒，但他们仍然在咳嗽。”是前文的顺义承接，前文提到了我们的身体在清除病
毒后，仍然会咳嗽数周，故那些咳嗽病人报告自己前几周就生病了，但却无法在他们身上检测到病毒，而他们却仍然在咳嗽，故选D项。
【68题详解】
根据空前“The United States saw a sharp rise in cases of influenza in late 2023 that’s dragged on into 2024. And though positive tests for the illness have leveled off or decreased countrywide over the past weeks, the number of people seeking healthcare for respiratory (呼吸的) diseases is still elevated across much of the U.S.(美国的流感病例在2023年末急剧上升，一直拖到2024年。尽管在过去的几周里，全国范围内的阳性检测呈平稳或下降的趋势，但寻求呼吸系统医疗保健的人数在美国大部分地区仍在上升)”和空后“But research on how infections affect nerves in the airway is revealing new clues.(但关于感染如何影响气道神经的研究解释了新的线索)”可知，空前提到呼吸系统出现问题的人数却在不断上升，空后提出关于气道神经的研究提出了新的线索，故F项“科学家们仍然不确定为什么健康人会出现这种持续咳嗽。”符合，F项中的this kind of persistent cough指的是前文中“the number of people seeking healthcare for respiratory (呼吸的) diseases is still elevated across much of the U.S.”，本空提出科学家的疑问，空后表明有了新的线索，故选F项。
【69题详解】
根据空前“Coughing is an important reaction that protects the airway from dangers like water or bits of mis-swallowed food, says doctor and researcher Lorcan McGarvey of Queen’s University Belfast.(贝尔法斯特女王大学的医生兼研究员Lorcan McGarvey说道，咳嗽是一种重要的反应，可以保护气道免受水或误食等的危险。)”以及空后“These nerves are decorated with receptor (受体) proteins that react to everything from cold air to hot pepper.(这些神经被受体蛋白质保护着，对从冷空气到辣椒的一切都有反应)”可知，空前提到咳嗽是保护气道的一种反应，空后则解释这些神经是被受体蛋白保护着，故A项“这种感应是由进入气道的神经引起的”符合，承上启下，A项中的The action指代空前的an important reaction，空后的These nerves指代A项中nerves，故选A项。
【70题详解】
根据空前“While it may seem obvious that coughing is meant to clear our throats, it’s also possible that viruses cause the reaction to help themselves spread.(尽管咳嗽明显是为了清嗓子，但病毒也有可能引起这种感应以帮助自己传播)”以及空后“And if we do ultimately cough to clear out our airway during an infection, that still wouldn’t explain what exactly our nerves sense during an infection that causes a cough.(并且如果我们在感染期间以咳嗽来清理嗓子，这仍然无法解释我们的神经在导致咳嗽的感染期间到底能感觉到什么)”可知，空前提到我们在清理嗓子的时候病毒会借此机会来得以传播，空后则提出了我们在感染期间以咳嗽清理嗓子，这无法解释我们的神经能感受到什么来然我们咳嗽，故C项“许多感染都是干咳而不生痰。”符合，与空后构成
递进关系，许多感染是干咳而没有痰，那也就无法解释我们的神经感受到了什么，从而让我们在感染期间咳嗽，故选C项。
（十二）
（2024年闵行区二模）
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. ___67___ It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
___68___ Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. ___69___
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. ___70___ Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain.
B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings.
C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.
D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways.
E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals.
F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
【答案】67. A 68. D 69. F 70. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍童年时期接触的媒体在塑造孩子的未来方面的影响。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. (在我们成长的岁月里，我们接触的许多媒体将我们塑造成现在的样子。回想一下我们童年时的一段特殊媒体记忆——也许这是我们每个周末去祖母家时热切期待的电视节目。)”和下文“It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers. (它塑造了我们的梦想和恐惧，甚至驱使我们走向未来的事业。)”可知，这里介绍童年时的一段特殊媒体记忆对孩子的影响。选项A“这样的媒体不仅仅是娱乐。”和上下文意思一致。故选A。
【68题详解】
根据下文“Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age. (年龄较大的孩子可能受到了更多的限制，比如电视节目、电影和社交媒体访问。正因为如此，与兄弟姐妹相比，他们能够成为一个更长时间的孩子。有哥哥姐姐的孩子往往表现出更成熟的倾向，看起来比同龄的其他孩子“成长得更快”。)”可知，这一段介绍儿童时期看的视频对孩子不同的影响。选项D“儿童时期接触的媒体以不同的方式影响着每个孩子。”和下文意思一致。故选D。
【69题详解】
根据上文“While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. (虽然他们可能在一定年龄之前被限制使用社交媒体账户，但一旦获得访问权限，他们往往会更有准备。毫无疑问，我们这一代人的媒体曝光使他们在更年轻的时候更加成熟。)”和下文“Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences (简单地回顾一下前几代人以及我们每天经历的信息消费和处理速度，其影响才刚刚开始。作为即将成年或现在的成年人，我们已经面临着抑郁、焦虑以及某些学习和社交技能的延迟等问题。我们是“更成熟了吗？”还是过度暴露，面临着异常的心理、身体和情感后果的风险？)”可知，过早的接触接触社交媒体对孩子有坏的影响。选项F“然而，我们的精神和身体状态可能没有足够的能力来处理它。”和上下文意思一致。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文“In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. (总之，儿童时期接触的媒体对我们的生活产生了重大影响。)”和下文“Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world. (在媒体曝光和心理健康之间取得平衡对我们在当今媒体丰富的世界中的成长至关重要。)”可知，这里要求我们要平衡媒体曝光和心理健康之间的关系。选项C“在我们步入成年的过程中，反思它的影响是至关重要的。”和上下文意思一致。故选C。
（十三）
（2024年松江区二模）
Addiction to Labeling
Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.
These days, labeling is everywhere. ___47___ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.
If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “___48___ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.
___49___ “Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.
Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable. ___50___ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.
A. Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids.
B. It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do.
C. There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis.
D. Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.
E. Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience.
F. The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网络上很多人声称自己给自己贴上了抑郁症或类似的病症的标签，说明了这一行为所带来的影响。
【47题详解】
根据上文“These days, labeling is everywhere. (如今，标签无处不在。)”以及后文“However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist. (然而，根据注册综合心理治疗师和心理学家Charlotte Armitage的说法，消极的一面是，人们很容易在没有真正认识到这些特征需要诊断的背景的情况下，就认同这些特征。)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，后文提到了消极方面，推测本句是在说明标签的积极方面。故B选项“对于那些不太能理解自己为什么会有这种感觉的人来说，这是有帮助的。”符合语境，故选B。
【48题详解】
根据上文“But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. (但风险在于，许多人会为任何行为、模式或情绪寻求标签和干预，而这些行为、模式或情绪都超出了社会所设定永久快乐群体的标准。)”以及后文“Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds. (然后，‘一知半解是危险的’这句话突然出现在我的脑海里，”阿米蒂奇补充道。)”可知，本句主要引用阿米蒂奇对于标签的看法，结合后文提到了一知半解，可知本句是在对“一知半解”进行举例说明。故E选项“有些人只有某种经验，并以此经验来判断所有的行为。”符合语境，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据后文““Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult. (阿米蒂奇指出：“儿童仍在发育和进化，许多儿童的行为特征可能看起来像是一种疾病，而这种行为有其他可能的解释。”理想情况下，对儿童的诊断应该由合格的心理健康专业人员进行。成年人也是如此。)”可知，本段主要论述了标签对于孩子的影响。故A选项“对孩子来说，标签问题就更大了。”符合语境，故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you
are broken or less capable. (然而，最重要的是要记住，诊断并不意味着你已经崩溃或能力不足。)”以及后文“And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do. (如果你深入了解，它会提醒你，你并不孤单，很多人都和你一样经历着生活。)”可知，后文提到了诊断可以作为提醒，推测本句是在说明诊断的作用。故F选项“诊断的基本功能是给你那些曾经觉得不寻常的行为起个名字。”符合语境，故选F。
（十四）
（2024年徐汇区二模）
Astronomers are eagerly anticipating a celestial (天体的) event that promises to be a once-in-a-lifetime sight: the appearance of a “new star” in the night sky, expected to occur sometime between now and September, as reported by NASA. This event, known as a nova (新星), is projected to take place within the T Coronae Borealis system, nestled in the constellation (星座) Corona Borealis, situated between the Bo tes and Hercules constellations.
In contrast2024年上海高三英语二模试题分类：六选四
（一）
（2024年宝山区二模）
Mary Poppins held on to her famous black umbrella while floating overhead and singing “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.” The audience watched in amazement, and many sang along! Poppins floated for a bit and eventually landed in the midst of the excited crowd before getting on stage. No, this wasn’t a scene from a Disney movie. _____67_____His background helps explain his passion for music. The world-renowned violinist and conductor was born into a musical family in October 1949 in Maastricht, Netherlands. He began learning to play the violin at age five and immediately fell in love with the instrument!
_____68_____ He started by creating a small ensemble (乐团). Then in 1978, Rieu established the Maastricht Salon Orchestra, from which he later developed the Johann Strauss Orchestra.
They had limited success until 1995 when Rieu was asked to provide entertainment for a soccer game. He got the entire stadium to sing along to a popular waltz. _____69_____
Today Rieu is the best-selling classical artist worldwide. He has sold in the ballpark of an astonishing 40 million records. He is the biggest male solo touring artist on the planet. His concerts sell more tickets than Beyoncé and Bruce Springsteen!
Many classical concerts are serious events, but Rieu’s are the opposite. He’s been nicknamed “The King of the Waltz” because he loves waltzes. _____70_____ Rieu says, “I love Johann Strauss, but I am also fascinated by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Bruce Springsteen.”
His shows are attended by people of all ages and always include surprises, like the delightful appearance by Mary Poppins. As Rieu says, “I only play music that touched my heart. And I know when it touches my heart, it will touch your heart.” During his performances, many audience members are visibly moved. They often clap, sing, dance, laugh, weep or hug one another. Rieu promises his audience, “You will have an evening that you will never forget.”And he is true to his word.
A. Afterward, he sold over 200,000 CDs and his popularity rising.
B. Rather, it was part of one of André Rieu’s amazing concerts.
C. As a result, Rieu became a house-hold name and won great popularity.
D. Yet his shows consist of an extensive variety of musical genres and performances.
E. Then, Rieu continued his style until he got his nickname.
F. From early on, Rieu knew what he wanted - his own orchestra.
（二）
（2024年崇明区二模）
Large Study Details Years of Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Patients
A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.
____67____ The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid (脊髓液) checks and other tools to collect data.
The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid. ____68____ Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble.
Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, affecting the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques (斑块) that block brain processes. The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop.
Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well. ____69____
“The more we know about Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer’s Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau.
More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months. ____70____ Other drugs are being developed to target tau.
A. The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein.
B. The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years.
C. Knowledge of the timing of these events is critical for preventing Alzheimer’s.
D. The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s.
E. The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s.
F. The researchers compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal number who remained healthy.
（三）
（2024年奉贤区二模）
Rain Collection
What do you like to do on a rainy day —sit inside and listen to the pitter-patter on the roof or splash outside and feel the cold drops on your face Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature.
____47____ It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, people obtained their water from rain, wells, or nearby rivers. Now, many of us live in places where water is piped in, sometimes from far away. Removing so much water from nature and sending it to great distances harm the living things that also need that water.
As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages. ____48____ . One easy place to look for more water is the sky!
Humans have collected rain since ancient times. ____49____. They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground.
Even in dry climates, there is a lot of potential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet often overlooked resource has the potential to significantly contribute to water conservation efforts, especially in regions facing water shortages. Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.____50____.
Nowadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the world, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is not commonly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting more popular since it’s easy to do and helps create water security.
A. Large roofs can, hence, collect greater amount of water.
B. Rainwater can also be used for fountains and ponds.
C. We all deeply depend on the nourishment of rain.
D. To secure future water supply, we need new sources.
E. Now, many people are returning to this practice.
F. Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty from the roof.
（四）
（2024年虹口区二模）
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______
While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.
B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize
C. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.
D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.
E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.
F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
（五）
（2024年黄浦区二模）
Antarctic Tourism: Should We Just Say No
More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before. ___67___ This has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent.
The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. ___68___ One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.
___69___ The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.
There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be. ___70___
A. The number of visitors hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season, a 40% jump over the previous record.
B. The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the breakability of its environment, but due to the lack of a single governing body.
C. Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible
D. If what you really want is to connect with snow and ice and you’re in the northern half, can you catch a train to the nearest snow region instead
E. The average per-person carbon emissions for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes – about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year.
F. There is so little regulation now that almost anything that will protect the areas by an official legal source rather than self-regulated would be really positive.
（六）
（2024年嘉定区二模）
Global Rise of TCM
Phan Thi Kim Chi’s connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) began at an early age. Growing up in a small village in Vietnam, it was inconvenient for Phan to travel to hospitals in neighboring cities. Whenever she caught a cold or experienced a headache as a child, her family would seek the help of a local TCM practitioner. ____67____ According to Phan, even though TCM has long been commonly practiced and accepted in Vietnam, finding a good school to learn TCM in Vietnam is not easy.
As a foreign student, Phan finds the TCM basic theory course to be the most challenging one in the curriculum. ____68____ It requires years of learning and practice to truly understand the concepts of yin and yang, harmony between human and nature, and the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Sometimes she even translates the TCM vocabulary and scripts into Vietnamese so she can remember and comprehend them better.
____69____ According to a report, the total number of international students studying TCM in China was 8, 187 last year, with the largest population of 6, 441 coming from Asian countries, followed by 832 from Africa and 432 from Europe. Also, many Chinese medical universities had projects that sent professors overseas to teach TCM.
The booming situation of TCM is not limited to schools and clinics. It has also become a lifestyle choice for many young people. There is a trend among young people to place more emphasis on health conditioning and preservation. However, experts remind that TCM emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating based on identifying syndromes (症状). It is impossible to offer a one-size- fits-all approach to all patients. ____70____
A. They highly recognized the effectiveness of TCM, especially its use in pain treatment.
B. Even when drinking herbal milk tea, it’s best to make choices accordingly.
C. Being extensive and far-reaching, TCM is deeply connected with Chinese philosophy.
D. Overseas students of TCM, like Phan, are not rare.
E. This led her to major in TCM at a traditional medical school in China.
F. Many other Chinese medicine institutions have adopted similar strategic initiatives.
（七）
（2024年金山区二模）
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily
growing.
___________67___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________68___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________69___________ Instead they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________70__________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services.
D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market.
F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
（八）
（2024年静安区二模）
Time to end Santa’s “naughty list”
Many of us have magical memories of Santa secretly bringing gifts and joy to our childhood homes — but is there a darker side to the beloved Christmas tradition
I was — and I’m happy to admit it — a loyal believer of Santa. I absolutely loved the magic of Christmas, especially Santa Claus, and my parents went above and beyond to encourage it. However, as I begin to construct my own Santa Claus myth for my daughter, I can’t help but feel guilty. Could it undermine her trust in me
___47___ Back in 1978, a study published in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (矫正精神医学) found that 85% of four-year-olds said they believed in Santa. In 2011, research published in the Journal of Cognition and Development found that 83% of 5-year-olds claimed to be true believers.
I guess it’s not all that surprising. ___48___ He features in every Christmas TV show and movie. Each year the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) allows you to track Santa’s journey on Christmas Eve. To reassure children during the pandemic in 2020, the World Health Organization issued a statement declaring that Santa was “immune” from Covid 19. And it’s precisely this effort on behalf of parents, and society in general, to create such seemingly overwhelming evidence for the existence of Santa Claus that David Kyle Johnson, a professor of philosophy at King’s College in Pennsylvania, describes as ‘The Santa Lie’ in his book The Myths That Stole Christmas. He highlights how we don’t simply ask children to imagine Santa, but rather to actually believe in him. ___49___
The “Santa lie” can reduce trust between a parent and a child. ___50___ It is the creation of false evidence and convincing kids that bad evidence is in fact good evidence that discourages the kind of critical thinking we should be encouraging in children in this era. “The ‘Santa lie’ is part of a parenting practice that encourages people to believe what they want to believe, simply because of the psychological reward,” says Johnson. “That’s really bad for society in general.”
A. But the biggest danger is the anti-critical thinking lessons that he is teaching.
B. It’s this emphasis on belief over imagination that he sees as harmful.
C. Interestingly, belief in Santa Claus has actually promoted children’s critical thinking.
D. There are plenty of cultural evidences we create for the existence of Santa.
E. He begins to probe and question the things he has seen and heard.
F. Fascinatingly, belief in Santa Claus has remained remarkably consistent.
（九）
（2024年浦东新区二模）
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you ______47______ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. ______49______ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
______50______ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies.
B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety.
C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more.
D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated.
E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them.
F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
（十）
（2024年普陀区二模）
Hanwengong Shrine
Now we come to Hanwengong Shrine, which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain. _____67_____ In the square in front of the hall, an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it, meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.
In the year of A.D. 819, for some political reason, Han Yu was exiled (流放) to Chaozhou, a backland at that time. But he was not depressed by this, and he helped local people to develop education, agriculture, irrigation and release slaves. ______68______
The shrine was built against the mountain and divided into two parts the front part and the back part. Now we play a small game: count the stone steps, and later I’ll tell you a secret. How many steps are there Yes, 51 steps! Why _____69_____ The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people. You see that old tree People say the more flowers in the tree, the more well-educated students are. But in Qing Dynasty, this magic tree, planted by Han Yu himself, died, so people planted this tree instead.
_____70_____ Here is one: when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou, there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river, which was a big social harm. One day, Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made it public by the river. Incredibly, from the next day on, the crocodile was gone. Later, the statue, made of a portrait of Han Yu, was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.
A. When Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was 51 years old.
B. Han Yu was a Confucian figure, and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou.
C. Although Han Yu’s ideas had no obvious practical effect at the time, they had a great impact on society decades later.
D. Built in the Song dynasty, the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu, one of the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty.
E. To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou, people constructed this shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully.
F. There are so many tourists that, to relieve the pressure on the monuments, the scenic spot requires that a maximum of 500 people visit at a time.
（十一）
（2024年青浦区二模）
Why Are You Still Coughing
Have you caught a cold recently — but can’t get rid of the cough You’re not alone. The symptom can stick around for weeks after our bodies have cleared a virus. Michael Shiloh, a physician specializing in infectious disease research at UT Southwestern Medical Center, says coughing patients often report that they were sick as many as eight weeks prior to seeing him. He says, “_____67_____”
The United States saw a sharp rise in cases of influenza in late 2023 that’s dragged on into 2024. And though positive tests for the illness have leveled off or decreased countrywide over the past weeks, the number of people seeking healthcare for respiratory (呼吸的) diseases is still elevated across much of the U.S. _____68_____ But research on how infections affect nerves in the airway is revealing new clues.
Coughing is an important reaction that protects the airway from dangers like water or bits of mis-swallowed food, says doctor and researcher Lorcan McGarvey of Queen’s University Belfast. _____69_____ These nerves are decorated with receptor (受体) proteins that react to everything from cold air to hot pepper. When a stimulus causes those receptors, nerves send signals to the brain that we experience as the urge to cough.
While it may seem obvious that coughing is meant to clear our throats, it’s also possible that viruses cause the reaction to help themselves spread. _____70_____ And if we do ultimately cough to clear out our airway during an infection, that still wouldn’t explain what exactly our nerves sense during an infection that causes a cough.
“We don’t know,” says electrophysiologist Thomas Taylor-Clark of the University of South Florida. “But what we can say is that we do know some things, one being that viruses cause infection.”
A. The reaction is caused by nerves that reach into the airway.
B. Scientists know about many different stimuli that can cause cough.
C. Many infections involve dry coughs that don’t produce phlegm (痰) at all.
D. We can’t really detect virus any more in these individuals, and yet they’re still coughing.
E. But at least temporarily, they can send us into coughing even when we’re no longer sick.
F. Scientists still aren’t sure exactly why otherwise healthy people experience this kind of persistent cough.
（十二）
（2024年闵行区二模）
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a
particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. ___67___ It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
___68___ Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. ___69___
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. ___70___ Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain.
B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings.
C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.
D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways.
E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals.
F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
（十三）
（2024年松江区二模）
Addiction to Labeling
Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.
These days, labeling is everywhere. ___47___ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.
If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “___48___ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.
___49___ “Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.
Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable. ___50___ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.
A. Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids.
B. It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do.
C. There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis.
D. Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.
E. Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience.
F. The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.
（十四）
（2024年徐汇区二模）
Astronomers are eagerly anticipating a celestial (天体的) event that promises to be a once-in-a-lifetime sight: the appearance of a “new star” in the night sky, expected to occur sometime between now and September, as reported by NASA. This event, known as a nova (新星), is projected to take place within the T Coronae Borealis system, nestled in the constellation (星座) Corona Borealis, situated between the Bo tes and Hercules constellations.
In contrast to the explosive demise of a massive star seen in a supernova, a nova is characterized by a sudden, brief explosion originating from a collapsed star, specifically a white dwarf. The T Coronae Borealis system is affectionately called the “Blaze Star.” ____67____These stars orbit closely enough to interact violently, leading to periodic explosive events, with the last eruption observed in 1946.
____68____ Over time, the red giant becomes increasingly unstable, shedding its outer layers onto the white dwarf. This exchange of matter eventually triggers a “runaway thermonuclear reaction,” resulting in the nova phenomenon, according to NASA.
While the precise timing of the upcoming nova event remains uncertain, astronomers are closely monitoring the T Coronae Borealis system, which has been dimming since March of the previous year. William J. Cooke, lead of NASA’s Meteoroid Environments Office, notes that while most novae occur unexpectedly, T Coronae Borealis is one of the 10 recurring novae in the galaxy, offering some predictability to its eruptions.
Located approximately 3,000 light-years away from Earth, the T Coronae Borealis system is typically too faint to be seen with the naked eye. ____69____
Once the nova reaches its peak brightness, it will appear as if a new star has emerged in the night sky, remaining visible for a few days without any equipment and slightly over a week with binoculars before gradually fading from view over the course of about 80 years.
____70____As an effective observing approach, they provide valuable insights into the dynamics of recurrent novae and the processes occurring within these stellar systems.
The NASA Universe account on X will provide regular updates on the nova event, allowing enthusiasts and researchers alike to stay informed about this captivating astronomical phenomenon. Reflecting on past experiences, including witnessing the 1975 Nova Cygni, which inspired his career in astronomy, Cooke underscores the significance of these celestial events in shaping our understanding of the cosmos.
A. This recurrent nature provides astronomers with some predictability regarding its eruptions, aiding in their monitoring and preparation for the upcoming event.
B. The mechanism driving these eruptions is the transfer of matter from the red giant to the white dwarf.
C. It consists of a white dwarf and an aging red giant star.
D. This heightened visibility will last for a few days without the need for any equipment and slightly over a week with the aid of binoculars.
E. Astronomers plan to utilize various instruments, including the Hubble Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to observe and study the nova in different wavelengths of light.
F. However, during its peak brightness, it is expected to shine as brightly as Polaris, or the North Star, making it visible to observers in the Northern Hemisphere.
（十五）
（2024年长宁区二模）
Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2014. As she neared the end of her prison
sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,” and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew. ”
___________47___________ Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.
At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties (惩罚) that continue long after punishment is completed.
Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual circumstances. _____________48_____________ They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.
In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life. Some laws make senses. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) work in a school. _____________49_____________ Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse
These laws are also counterproductive (适得其反), since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding. A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. _____________50_____________
The point isn’t to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, and second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.
A. Criminals should pay the price of finding housing or a job and getting qualifications for benefits.
B. Surely, the American ideal of second chances shouldn’t be reserved only for the rich and powerful.
C. But too often collateral (附随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.
D. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.
E. American’s vast criminal justice system provides criminals with necessary support for living.
F. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing.
（十六）
（2024年杨浦区二模）
The Fight against Fast Furniture
Fast furniture is a term that refers to furniture that is produced cheaply and quickly. These items are often bad for the environment because they are made from materials that break easily and need to be replaced often. __________47__________
To help protect the environment, a movement to move away from fast furniture has begun. Many companies are joining the fight by finding cleaner ways to manufacture furniture. For example, IKEA has agreed to switch to using renewable or recycled materials for their furniture by the year 2030. __________48__________
There is also a push to encourage shoppers to buy more used furniture for their homes. Small businesses that help transform old chairs and sofas into completely new products have even popped up recently. At the end of the day, consumers will play the most important role in the fight to end fast furniture. Shoppers should try to think more about the long term when preparing to purchase new furniture. They should stay away from furniture that is made from cheap materials like fiberboard or plastic because they will often fall apart after a few years. __________49__________
A much better alternative is furniture made from real wood because it won’t break as easily. If wood furniture is damaged, it can often be repaired to last longer. High-quality metals are another good material, as they are durable. If the furniture is no longer fit for use, these metals can still be recycled and used to make new products.
__________50__________ So, the next time you buy furniture, think about whether it’s something that will last a long time or it’s just fast furniture that will break soon and go into the trash.
A. It has also designed a special program that lets people return used furniture pieces to its stores so they can be fixed and used again by consumers.
B. This would help to reduce overall waste, as it would extend the life cycle of old furniture items.
C. Although these items may cost less initially, they are more expensive because they will need to be replaced sooner than traditional pieces of furniture.
D. This creates a lot of pollution, as the furniture ends up buried in landfills where it can harm the soil.
E. Homeowners are looking for furniture that is kinder to the environment.
F. By choosing furniture that’s made to last, we can help reduce waste and protect the environment.

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