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2024年高考英语（语法填空）模拟真题 (上海专用)
（2024·上海长宁·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Bob’s problems began during his formative years. His parents got divorced when he was young, and neither of his parents wanted to raise him or his brother and sister, so he 1 (bring) up by a foster family chosen by a social worker in the community.
Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict authoritarian and often beat him. Bob rebelled against this strict upbringing, and by the time he was eight years old, he 2 (run) wild, stealing from shops and playing truant. When he reached adolescence, sometime around his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in court several times, charged 3 juvenile crimes. The judge blamed his foster parents, 4 (explain) that children needed responsible parents and guardians who would look after them properly. The foster father didn’t agree with the judge and objected to this, pointing out that Bob’s two brothers and sister were well-adjusted children who behaved at home and worked well at school.
This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. 5 it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do 6 they want, 7 too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. It has also highlighted the disadvantages of the modern nuclear family 8 the child has only its mother and father to rely on or the single-parent family, in which the mother or father has to struggle particularly hard 9 (support) their dependents.
In fact, many people believe that we 10 return to traditional family values and the extended family: extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life.
（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Was Air Pollution Monet’s Muse (灵感之源)
Claude Monet was a French painter who lived at the turn of the 20th century, from 1840 to 1926. He is credited as the founder of impressionism, a painting style characterized by its use of many thin brushstrokes 11 (create) a dream-like quality. Impressionist paintings are celebrated for the way 12 seem to capture a sense of life in motion. Monet didn’t just simply paint landscapes; he wanted to convey the sensations he experienced when he saw them.
Many of Monet’s paintings portray the passage of time, like clouds 13 (drift) through the sky. The landscapes in his paintings often have a misty appearance, 14 fog is clouding edges, and concealing objects that are far away. Some researchers have suggested the mist of Monet’s landscapes 15 have actually been air pollution.
Monet was painting at a time when heavy industry was starting to seriously impact the environment. This was especially true in urban centers like London and Paris. The supposition is that Monet’s works reflect the increasing levels of air pollution that Europe 16 (witness) in the late 19th century and early 20th century. 17 Monet’s painting career progressing, background visibility in his paintings seems to gradually decrease.
In letters to his wife, Monet sometimes described the smoke and fog in London, for 18 he obviously had a preference. Evidence suggests that 19 significant number of Monet’s works were influenced, or even inspired, by the way air pollution affected light and vision. 20 air pollution was the muse for one of modern history’s greatest artists might be true.
（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why We Should Record Travel Moments
On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally 21 (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone 22 (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me.
I had come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself 23 (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips.
Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much 24 (big) the world is.”
This attitude 25 (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. 26 you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained 27 teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse 28 in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, 29 are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.”
Months later back in my L.A．home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I 30 feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment.
（23-24高三上·山东日照·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The buzzwords (时髦术语) “brittle college students” have gone viral on the Internet recently among mounting concerns over 31 serious decline in the physical health of Chinese college students. The words refer to the new generation of college students generally 32 (suffer) from many physical problems. “Brittle,” which 33 (apparent) means tender and fragile (脆弱), has been used by netizens jokingly 34 (describe) how easily college students can get injured and sick.
Such comments have caused heated discussions over the declining physical 35 (fit) of contemporary college students, 36 is confirmed by the astonishing record of visits to one hospital in the city of Zhengzhou, north-central Henan Province. It is reported that Zhengzhou Central Hospital 37 (rece ve) some 1,700 young people aged between 18 and 25 in its emergency department in September alone.
“These young people were mainly diagnosed (诊断) with trauma, abdominal pain, chest tightness, hyperventilation, acute alcoholism, and cholecystitis. Most cases were caused by 38 (regular) daily routine, staying up late and unhealthy diet,” said Cheng Xiaodan, deputy director of the hospital’s emergency department.
A report pointed out that unhealthy lifestyle is common 39 college students. Many participants said they had experienced health 40 (issue) such as poor skin condition, lack of sleep, and emotional problems.
（2024·上海闵行·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page-turner. “ 41 not being a trained musician, I’ve learned to read music to assist Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but 42 (act) as the group’s official page-turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. In this way, the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it 43 . He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
Being a page-turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music 44 go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 pages of turns, including back turns for repeat passages. 45 matters is onstage communication. Each pianist has their own style of “nodding” 46 ( indicate) a page turn that they need to practise with their page-turner.
But like all performances, there are moments 47 things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.”
48 most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, 49 (feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is 50 (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
（2024高三下·上海·专题练习）语法填空
Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years 51 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 52 (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed
little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce 53 else which we would be lost without-glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day Doors, cupboards The car We really don't think much about them, 54 we Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II.
Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting 55 first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 56 (early) examples are knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time 57 (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible 58 clocks and watches, 59 are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod’s. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch — face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, 60 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
（2024·上海静安·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Beethov-hen’s first symphony
On a grey Friday morning at a Hawke’s Bay farm, members of New Zealand’s symphony orchestra dressed in black to perform their latest composition in front of a large crowd.
The music contained many marks of traditional classical music, but as it began, the instruments started to make loud, rough sounds more commonly 61 (hear) in chicken coops than in an auditorium.
However, no feathers were angered by this departure from tradition, 62 the audience that gathered to listen to the concert last week was, in fact, a couple of thousand chickens.
The piece of music – Chook Symphony No.1 – 63 (create) specifically for the birds out of an unlikely partnership between the orchestra and an organic free-range chicken farm which wanted a piece of chicken-friendly music to enrich its flocks’ lives.
“We’ve been playing classical music for the chickens for some years now because 64 is well researched that the music can calm the chickens down,” says Ben Bostock, one of the two brothers who 65 (own) the Bostock Brothers farm.
Research has shown animals can respond positively to classical music, and chickens are particularly responsive to baroque (巴洛克风格), according to some studies.
The composer, Hamish Oliver, 66 used the baroque tradition as a starting point and drew inspiration from composers such as Corelli, Bach, and Schnittke, wanted the piece to be playful by including sounds from a chicken’s world. “The trumpet imitates the chicken… the woodwind instruments are the cluckiest, especially if you take the reeds off.”
The early stages of composition were spent 67 (test) out which instruments and sounds the chickens responded to best.
“They didn’t like any big banging,” Bostock said, adding that when the birds respond positively to the music, they tend 68 (wander) farther among the trees. Bostock now hopes chicken farmers around the world will use the piece of music to calm their own birds.
For Oliver, having input from the farmers about 69 the chickens were responding to particular sounds and instruments was a highlight of the project.
The symphony has searched exhaustively 70 any other examples of orchestras making music specifically for chickens and believes this to be a world-first, says Peter Biggs, the orchestra’s chief executive.
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You may think that mom-and-pop stores are gradually dying out, giving way to chain stores and big business, 71 you would be wrong. The online shopping platform Taobao is a game changer and 72 (revolutionize) the way we buy and sell.
Taobao, or “treasure hunt”, recently became the largest e-commerce website in terms of traffic, surpassing Amazon. It has 190 million 73 (register) users and serves 74 (big) marketplace in the world. Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao, either to browse, buy or sell, according to Web information company Alexa.
75 Taobao borrowed its original business model from eBay when it started up in 2003, the student soon became the master. Just three years later, eBay shut down its site and now Taobao controls about 80 percent
of the country’s online shopping market.
It charges almost 76 to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away 77 the need for significant start-up capital. 78 opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.
A friend of mine is a typical. She opened up a store selling children’s clothing near Nuren Jie, 79 was a popular market in Beijing. It was not a great success but her online sales through Taobao went ballistic. She closed the store and is now e-commerce only.
Effectively, taobao has become the country’s high street, but with global reach. 80 China is the world’s manufacturing base, it is relatively easy for individuals to source cheap goods and sell at a reasonable markup. Micro-stores are opening in their thousands every day and delivering an amazing variety of goods.
（2024高三下·上海·专题练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light! The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 81 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand 160km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 82 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 83 it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 84 (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something 85 (call) the ‘solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 86 these particles.
This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth’s magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash is to the particles that are already in our sky. And 87 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place 88 (see) the auurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland to see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 89 it will happen. But 90 do see it says that they will never forget it.
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While some robots 91 (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one form or another 92 at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved 93 (use) materials such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics 94 amputees (截肢者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs 95 (explore). Scottish inventor David Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional. This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm 96 cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered, lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I 97 (reach) above my head to pick a book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing 98 who are missing a limb to explore the world with better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. 99 new competitive event called the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, 100 (far)
driving the innovation of life-changing technology.
（23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Impact of Visual Cues on Behavior
During the energy crisis in the 1970s, Dutch researchers began to pay close attention to the country’s energy usage. In one suburb near Amsterdam, they found that some homeowners used 30 percent less energy than their neighbors 101 the homes being of similar size and getting electricity for the same price.
It turned out that the houses in this neighborhood were nearly identical except for one feature: the location of the electrical meter. Some had one in the basement. 102 had the electrical meter upstairs in the main hallway. 103 you may guess, the homes with the meters located in the main hallway used less electricity. When their energy use was obvious and easy to track, people changed their behavior.
Every habit 104 (initiate) by a cue, and we are more likely to notice cues that stand out. Unfortunately, the environments where we live and work often make it easy not to do certain actions 105 there is no obvious cue to trigger the behavior. When the cues that spark a habit are subtle or hidden, they are easy 106 (ignore).
By comparison, creating obvious visual cues can draw your attention toward a 107 (desire) habit. I’ve experienced the power of obvious cues in my own life. I used to buy apples from the store, put them in the crisper (储藏格) in the bottom of the refrigerator, and forget all about them. By the time I remembered, the apples 108 (go) bad. I never saw them, so I never ate them.
Eventually, I took my own advice and redesigned my environment. I bought a large display bowl and placed it in the middle of the kitchen counter. The next time I bought apples, that was 109 they went. Almost like magic, I began eating a few apples each day simply because they were obvious, 110 (facilitate) the formation of a healthy eating habit rather than keeping them out of sight.
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Bob Dylan wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature
US music legend Bob Dylan won the Nobel Literature Prize on Thursday, the first songwriter to win the
prestigious award in a decision 111 surprised prize watchers.
The 75-year-old Dylan —best known for tunes like “Blowin’ in the Wind” and “Like a Rolling Stone” 112 (honor) “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”, the Swedish Academy said.
The choice was met by gasps and a long round of applause from reporters 113 (attend) the prize announcement. The folk singer has been mentioned in Nobel speculation in the past few years, 114 he was never seen as a serious competitor.
“Dylan has the status of 115 important symbol. His influence on contemporary music is profound,” the academy wrote in biographical notes about the famously private singer.
The Nobel is the latest award for the singer, who has come a long way from his humble beginnings as Robert Allen Zimmerman, born in 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, and who taught 116 to play the harmonica, guitar and piano.
Initially 117 (encourage) by the music of folk singer Woody Guthrie, Robert Allen changed his name to Bob Dylan and began performing in local nightclubs.
118 dropping out of college, he moved to New York in 1960. His 119 (early) album contained only two original songs, but the 1963 breakthrough The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan featured a number of his own songs, 120 (include) the classic Blowin’ in the Wind.
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
ChatGPT, Man’s Meat or Poison
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot programme that responds to user prompts (提示), has dominated social networks in recent weeks. Its appeal is 121 that within days of its launch, OpenAI announced that 1 million people had logged on.
There’s nothing novel in software 122 produces fluent and logical writing. ChatGPT’s predecessor could do that too. Both were trained on an unimaginably large amount of data to answer questions in a believable way. But ChatGPT has been adjusted by 123 (feed) the data on human “conversations”, which significantly increased the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers.
Even so, ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical. Even the bot itself says, “My responses 124 (not intend) to be taken as facts.” This might be a big problem on the
Internet, as many web platforms lack the capability to protect themselves 125 a flood of AI-generated content. Such websites as Stack Overflow, 126 users can find answers to programming-related questions, had to ban ChatGPT-produced posts, as its human moderators (管理员) could not deal with the volume of believable but wrong replies. It is risky to give out tools 127 (use) to mass produce fake news and messages.
Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of 128 content produced by it can be truly trusted. A human author is responsible for their work in a way AI is not. Artificial intelligence is not artificial consciousness: ChatGPT does not know what it is doing, it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot tell if it is making sense. 129 OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests, such as to tell users how to commit crimes, these can be neglected. As is suggested, AI’s potential for harm 130 not be underestimated. In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Round table
The most affectionate memory of my childhood is about 131 round table.
When I was still little, my entire family would reunite on almost every traditional festival to have dinner. While the grown-ups were discussing about something 132 our comprehension, we kids would be scuttling around or even crouching under the table to play hide and seek.
When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend, a tall and shy man, and my grandma joyfully added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little bit 133 (crowded), but we all felt closer to this new family member.
When I was 12, my grandpa passed away because of cancer, but when the entire family reunite once again, his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks remain the same. 134 his seat was empty, it felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in our homes, which is a symbol of the reunion of our families, 135 (represent) our sentiment and attachment to our families. As a matter of fact, in China, almost everything can be solved over a round table. The marriage vows between a loving couple, the mourning of the deceased, the negotiations between business partners and a state banquet to another president from another country 136 all happen on a same round table. So I started to wonder 137 is this round table to us and its true significance starts to unfold in front of me.
The food on the table may change with time; the people sitting beside it may come and go; the reasons why we come together may be various, but the sensation behind it remains, year after year, the same.
Every year, an annual epic migration takes place in China. Hundreds of people, men and women, young and old, the rich and the poor, the dead and the alive, will find a way to go back home and go to the round table 138 (reunite) with their families.
The power that drives him to do so has been a power that has been sustaining Chinese civilization for thousands of years. And the lives of us, or even the history of our nation have been the stories of looking for a running to the round table 139 we belong. The round table 140 (be) a symbol of the Chinese sensation. It was. It is. And it will always be.
（2024高三下·上海·专题练习）Do We Miss Something in Life
“In this life what did you miss ” The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Sadly, the husband replied: “I missed a new job opportunity.” When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus. At 45, the husband sadly said: “I missed the opportunity seeing my closest relative 141 his last breath.” At 55, the husband said disappointingly: “I missed a good chance to retire.” At 65, the husband hurriedly replied: “I missed a dental appointment.” At 75, the wife did not ask the husband anymore. At this moment, the husband 142 (kneel) in front of the very sick wife. 143 (remember) the question the wife used to ask him, this time he asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied: “In this life, I did not miss 144 (have) you!” The husband was full of tears. He always thought that they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and trifles. So much so he 145 (not be) thoughtful to his wife. The husband hugged the wife tightly and said: “Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for me.”
In the busy city life, there are many people 146 are always busy with work. These people revolve their lives around their jobs, these people sacrifice all their times and health 147 (meet) the social expectations. They are unwilling to spend time on health care.
They miss the opportunity to be with their children in their growing up. They neglect the 148 (love) ones who care for them, and also their health. But 149 knows what is going to happen one year from now.
150 life is not permanent, always live in the now. Express your gratitude to the ones you love in words. Show your care with actions. Treat every days as the last episode of life. In this way, when you are gone, those you love would have nothing to feel sorry about.
参考答案：
1．was brought 2．had run/ran 3．with 4．explaining 5．While/Although/Though 6．what/whatever 7．or 8．where 9．to support 10．should/will/would/must
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章以Bob为例提出了一些关于现代家庭制度的有趣问题，也突出了现代小家庭的缺点，很多人认为我们应该回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭。
1．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他的父母在他很小的时候就离婚了，他的父母都不想抚养他和他的兄弟姐妹，所以他被一个社区的社会工作者选择的寄养家庭抚养长大。主语he和动词短语bring up之间是被动关系，结合前句中的wanted可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was brought。
2．考查过去完成时/一般过去时。句意：Bob对这种严格的教育方式很不服气，八岁的时候，他开始疯狂，从商店里偷东西，还逃学。结合时间状语by the time he was eight years old可知，此处用过去完成时，也可用一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，故填had run/ran。
3．考查介词。句意：当他进入青春期时，大约在他13岁生日的时候，他已经多次出现在法庭上，被指控犯有青少年罪。(be) charged with“负……责任，受……指控”，固定搭配，故填with。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：法官指责他的养父母，解释说孩子需要负责任的父母和监护人来妥善照顾他们。动词explain和逻辑主语The judge之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填explaining。
5．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然父母不应该对孩子过于宽容，让他们做自己想做的事，不应该过于保护他们，让他们远离现实生活，但他们也不应该过于严格。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，用while/although/though引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写，故填While/Although/Though。
6．考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what或whatever(无论什么)引导，故填what/whatever。
7．考查连词。句意同上。空后的too over-protective和前文too lenient之间是并列关系，表示“父母不应该对孩子过于宽容，也不应该过于保护他们”，且此处是否定句，用连词or连接，故填or。
8．考查定语从句。句意：它还突出了现代核心家庭的缺点，在这种家庭中，儿童只能依靠
母亲和父亲;在单亲家庭中，母亲或父亲必须特别努力地养活他们的受抚养人。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the modern nuclear family，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to support。
10．考查情态动词。句意：事实上，许多人认为我们应该/将会/必须回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭：广泛的研究表明，这些家庭的孩子通常表现得更好，在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会。结合下文“extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life.”可知，传统的大家庭的孩子通常表现得更好，在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会，此处使用情态动词should“应该”，will表示将来的事情、would表示说话人的意愿，语气较委婉以及must“必须”均可，故填should/will/would/must。
11．to create 12．they 13．drifting 14．as if /as though 15．may/might 16．witnessed 17．with 18．which 19．a 20．That
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克劳德·莫奈作为印象派画家的贡献，以及他作品中可能受到19世纪末至20世纪初欧洲空气污染影响的讨论。
11．考查动词不定式。句意：他被认为是印象派的创始人，印象派是一种绘画风格，其特点是使用许多细细的笔触来创造梦幻般的品质。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
12．考查代词。句意：印象派绘画以其捕捉动态生活感的方式而闻名。指代“Impressionist paintings”应该用代词they作seem的主语，故填they。
13．考查现在分词。句意：莫奈的许多画作描绘了时间的流逝，就像天空中飘过的云。drift与 clouds 之间为主动关系，则使用现在分词作后置定语，故填drifting。
14．考查从属连词。句意：他的风景画往往有一种朦胧的外观，仿佛雾笼罩着边缘，隐藏着远处的物体。此处需要表示“仿佛”的从属连词，引导方式状语从句，故填as if或as though。
15．考查情态动词。句意：一些研究人员认为，莫奈风景画中的雾气实际上可能是空气污染。此处需填入表示“可能”的情态动词，即may或might，“may/might have been”表示对过去的推测，故填may或might。
16．考查时态。句意：人们猜测莫奈的作品反映了19世纪末和20世纪初欧洲日益严重的空气污染。根据“in the late 19th century and early 20th century”可知，witness使用一般过去时，故填witnessed。
17．考查介词。句意：随着莫奈绘画生涯的发展，背景的可见度似乎逐渐降低。此处为“with的复合结构”作状语，为“with+宾语+现在分词”，故填with。
18．考查定语从句。句意：在给妻子的信中，莫奈有时会描述伦敦的烟雾，这显然是他偏爱的。此处需填入关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词“smoke and fog”应该使用关系代词which，故填which。
19．考查冠词。句意：有证据表明，莫奈的很多作品都受到了空气污染对光线和视觉的影响，甚至受到了启发。固定短语a number of：许多，故填a。
20．考查主语从句。句意：空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源，这可能是真的。空格处引导主语从句，从句的语义和成分均完整，则使用that引导主语从句，空格位于句首，故填That。
21．arrived 22．to record 23．collecting 24．bigger 25．was echoed 26．When/While 27．how 28．yourself 29．which 30．can
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者喜欢在旅行中记录声音的原因。
21．考查时态。句意：在穿过昏暗的走廊后，我终于到达了仙女洞的主要景点：一个77米高的瀑布从地下射入波光粼粼的池塘。根据上下文时态可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：瀑布淋湿了我的夹克，我闭上眼睛，拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意，这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to record。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的旅行中，我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填collecting。
24．考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为，一旦你开始倾听，你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much可知，这里表示世界大得多，应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。
25．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种态度得到了Samara Kester的回应，她是一名退休的急诊医生，现在在QPI董事会任职。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语This attitude和echo(附和)之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，且
主语为单数，谓语be动词应用was。故填was echoed。
26．考查状语从句。句意：当你看着你看到的东西时，它可能是180度，可能是270度。分析句子结构，空处引导的是时间状语从句。根据从句中的looking at可知，这里表示延续性的动作，应用when或while引导。置于句首，首字母大写。故填When/While。
27．考查宾语从句。句意：Kester解释说，教会自己成为一个更好的倾听者不仅扩大了她的旅行感，而且帮助她在回家后重新体验旅行。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且从句中主谓宾结构完整，这里表示方式，应用how。故填how。
28．考查代词。句意：你再次沉浸在那个地方。根据句意，主语You和宾语指代的事同一人，所以宾语应用反身代词yourself。immerse oneself in意为“使某人自己沉浸在……中”。故填yourself。
29．考查定语从句。句意：你重新创造了那些记忆，因此也重新创造了你的感觉，这些感觉很难清楚地表达出来。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the feelings，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。
30．考查情态动词。句意：当我闭上眼睛时，我能感觉到水喷在我的皮肤上，那种让耳朵带我去遥远冒险的感觉。空处应填情态动词。根据句意，这里表示能感觉到，再根据从句中的close可知，这里表示现在的状态，应用can。故填can。
31．a 32．suffering 33．apparently 34．to describe 35．fitness 36．which 37．received 38．Irregular 39．among 40．issues
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了“脆皮大学生”这一流行语在网上疯传，揭示了中国大学生身体健康状况严重恶化的问题。
31．考查冠词。句意：最近，“脆皮大学生”这个流行词在网络上疯传，人们越来越担心中国大学生的身体健康状况严重恶化。根据空格后的单数可数名词decline可知，空格处应该用不定冠词，serious的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个词指的是普遍患有许多身体问题的新一代大学生。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰college students，college students和suffer为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填suffering。
33．考查副词。句意：“脆”，显然是指柔弱和脆弱，被网友们开玩笑地用来形容大学生是多么容易受伤和生病。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词apparently作状语修饰动词means。
故填apparently。
34．考查动词不定式。句意：“脆”，显然是指柔弱和脆弱，被网友们开玩笑地用来形容大学生是多么容易受伤和生病。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语sth. be used to do意为“某物被用来做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to describe。
35．考查名词。句意：这样的评论引发了关于当代大学生体质下降的热烈讨论，河南中北部郑州市一家医院的惊人就诊记录证实了这一点。由空前physical为形容词可知，此处为名词形式作宾语。故填fitness。
36．考查定语从句。句意：这样的评论引发了关于当代大学生体质下降的热烈讨论，河南中北部郑州市一家医院的惊人就诊记录证实了这一点。分析句子可知，空格处引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，在从句中作主语成分，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
37．考查动词时态。句意：据报道，仅在9月份，郑州中心医院的急诊科就接收了约1700名年龄在18至25岁之间的年轻人。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填received。
38．考查形容词的否定意义。句意：大多数病例是由不规律的日常生活、熬夜和不健康的饮食引起的。由空后daily routine为名词短语可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，结合句意可知，应为regular的反义词irregular“不规律的”，满足句意要求。故填irregular。
39．考查介词。句意：一份报告指出，不健康的生活方式在大学生中很普遍。根据句意以及空后college students名词短语可知，此处为介词among表示“在……之间”，满足句意要求。故填among。
40．考查名词复数形式。句意：许多参与者表示，他们经历过皮肤状况不佳、睡眠不足和情绪问题等健康问题。根据下文列举的三种问题可知，此处应为名词复数形式。故填issues。
41．Despite 42．has acted/has been acting 43．themselves 44．can/may/might 45．What 46．to indicate 47．when 48．Although/Though/While 49．feeling 50．the most qualified
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是欧米茄集团的主席Robert Titterton作为钢琴翻页者的趣事。
41．考查介词。句意：尽管我不是一个训练有素的音乐家，但我学会了读谱来帮助玛丽亚表
演。由句意及空后的not being a trained musician可知此处应填介词despite，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Despite。
42．考查动词时态。句意：蒂特顿先生是欧米茄集团的主席，但在过去的四年里，他一直是欧米茄集团的官方翻页者。空处为谓语动词，由时间状语for the past four years可知此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示“过去动作对现在造成的影响”或者“过去的动作持续到现在而且还将继续持续下去”。故填has acted/has been acting。
43．考查反身代词。句意：这样，音乐家们就不必自己动手来破坏声音的流动。由句意及空前的the musicians don’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it 可知此处应填反身代词themselves，指代the musicians ，作宾语。故填themselves。
44．考查情态动词。句意：有些音乐（可能）长达40分钟，需要翻唱多达50页，包括重复段落的翻唱。由句意此处表示 “（可）能 ”，应用表示推测的情态动词can/may/might。故填can/may/might。
45．考查主语从句。句意：重要的是台上的交流。此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
46．考查不定式。句意：每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”的风格来表示他们需要用翻页器练习的翻页。空处应填非谓语动词，由句意此处应填不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to indicate。
47．考查定语从句。句意：但就像所有的表演一样，也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句，先行词为moments，从句缺少时间 状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
48．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数翻页者都是钢琴学生或崭露头角的音乐会钢琴家，但拉斯波娃女士曾经请她的丈夫在舞台上帮助她。由句意此处为让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，应用引导词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：他对音乐很感兴趣，感受每一个音符，但我不得不说:“翻，翻！”她笑着说。空处为非谓语动词，He 与feel之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作伴随状语。故填feeling。
50．考查形容词最高级。句意：“但罗伯特是我这辈子遇到的最合格的翻页者。”由句意及空后的I’ve had in my entire life可知此处意为“最合格的”，应用形容词最高级形式the most qualified。故填the most qualified。
51．after 52．is used 53．something 54．do 55．which/that 56．earliest 57．checking 58．without 59．which 60．has remained
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些早期的发明，包括弓箭、陶器、轮子、锁和钥匙、编织技术、眼镜和钟表等。这些发明在人类社会的发展中起到了重要的作用，并且一些发明至今仍然被广泛使用。
51．考查时间状语从句。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓和箭，在它被发明1.5万年后，至今仍在世界各地使用。结合语意可知，此处表示在它被发明1.5万年之后，空处应用after ，意为“在……以后”，引导时间状语从句。故填after。
52．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：当然，如今，弓箭主要用于体育比赛，但在一些地方，它仍然是一种杀死动物以获取食物的手段。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据these days以及句意可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语the bow and arrow 与use之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，the bow and arrow 表示单数意义，be动词使用is。故填is used。
53．考查不定代词。句意：大约1500年后，腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠制造了另一种东西，如果没有玻璃，我们就会失去它。分析句子，设空处使用代词作宾语。根据句意，此处表示“某些东西”，应用something。故填something。
54．考查反义疑问句。句意：我们真的没怎么想过它们，不是吗？分析句子，设空处与后文构成反义疑问句结构，在反问疑问句中，遵守“前肯后否，前否后肯”规则，因此空处需要用肯定结构，且谓语的否定式为 don’t，所以空处用 do。故填do。
55．考查定语从句。句意：另一项令人惊奇的发明，我们今天可能认为是理所当然的，那就是1700年前在罗马帝国首次出现的编织技术。分析句子，设空处引导限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the skill of knitting，为物，用that或者which引导从句。故填which或者that。
56．考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的例子是针织袜子！分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，此处表示“最早的”，故使用early的最高级形式earliest。故填earliest。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：时光飞逝，我们花了很多时间检查我们还剩下多少时间！句中“spend+时间+doing”为固定短语，表示“花费时间做某事”，所以空处使用动名词作宾语。故填checking。
58．考查介词。句意：如果没有时钟和手表，这是不可能的，它们无处不在：墙上、手腕上、个人电脑上，甚至手机和iPod上。分析句子，设空处使用介词与后文构成介词短语，根据句意，此处表示“没有”用without。故填without。
59．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰前文的先行词clocks和watches，为物，应用which引导从句。故填which。
60．考查动词时态。句意：330年前，英国的托马斯·汤普平(Thomas Tompion, 1639-1714)发明了第一块怀表，他的表盘设计是两个(有时是三个)指针在一个表盘上转动，这一设计一直保持不变。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句中的in all that time以及句意可知，句子表述的是动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，句子的主语是his watch，为单数，谓语动词应用has remained。故填has remained。
61．heard 62．as/because 63．was created 64．it 65．own 66．who 67．testing 68．to wander 69．how 70．for
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了为鸡演奏古典音乐的研究和实践。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐中包含了许多传统古典音乐的痕迹，但随着音乐的开始，乐器开始发出响亮而粗糙的声音，这种声音更常见于鸡舍而不是礼堂。分析句子可知，sounds为名词，空处修饰名词作定语，sounds与hear构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填heard。
62．考查连词。句意：然而，没有人对这种与传统的背离感到愤怒，因为上周聚集在一起听音乐会的观众实际上是几千只鸡。根据no feathers were angered by this departure from tradition（没有人对这种与传统的背离感到愤怒）及the audience that gathered to listen to the concert last week was, in fact, a couple of thousand chickens.（因为上周聚集在一起听音乐会的观众实际上是几千只鸡）可知，后面说明前文没有观众愤怒的原因，为原因状语从句，用从属连词as/because引导。故填as/because。
63．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这首名为《Chook Symphony No.1》的音乐是专门为鸡创作的，这是管弦乐队和一家有机自由养鸡场之间不太可能的合作关系，这家养鸡场想要一首对鸡友好的音乐来丰富鸡群的生活。分析句子可知，空处缺少该句的谓语，主语The piece of music与create为被动关系，且创造曲子这件事发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was created。
64．考查it的用法。句意：博斯托克兄弟农场的两兄弟之一本·博斯托克说：“我们给鸡放古典音乐已经有几年了，因为有充分的研究表明，音乐可以让鸡安静下来。”分析句子可知，that the music can calm the chickens down为句子的真正主语，后置，空处用it充当形式主语。故
填it。
65．考查动词时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，who引导限制性定语从句，先行词为brothers，复数，作从句的主语，结合句意可知，“拥有鸡舍”是客观事实，用一般现在时，动词用原形。故填own。
66．考查定语从句。句意：作曲家哈米什·奥利弗(Hamish Oliver)以巴洛克传统为出发点，从科雷利(Corelli)、巴赫(Bach)和施尼特克(Schnittke)等作曲家那里汲取灵感，他希望这首曲子能通过加入鸡的世界的声音而变得有趣。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hamish Oliver，表示人，关系词作从句主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：作曲的早期阶段是用来测试鸡对哪种乐器和声音反应最好。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，空处应用动名词。故填testing。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：博斯托克说：“它们不喜欢大的撞击声。”他补充说，当鸟儿对音乐做出积极反应时，它们往往会在树林里飞得更远。tend to do意思为：往往，倾向于做，空处用不定式作宾语。故填to wander。
69．考查宾语从句。句意：对奥利弗来说，从农民那里了解鸡对特定声音和乐器的反应是这个项目的一大亮点。分析句子可知，空处前面为介词about，其后为宾语从句，从句主要成分完整，根据句意可知，此处表示“如何作出反应”，用how引导。故填how。
70．考查介词。句意：交响乐团首席执行官彼得 比格斯(Peter Biggs)说，交响乐团已经竭尽全力寻找其他乐团专门为鸡创作音乐的例子，并相信这是世界上第一次。search for为固定短语，意思为：寻找。故填for。
71．but 72．has revolutionized 73．registered 74．the biggest 75．Although/While/Though 76．nothing 77．with 78．Instead of 79．which 80．Since/As
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了淘宝网络购物，最近成为了流量最大的电子商务网站，超过了亚马逊。它拥有1.9亿注册用户，并服务于世界上最大的市场。
71．考查连词。句意：你可能认为夫妻店正在逐渐消亡，让位于连锁店和大企业，但你错了。前句说明的是“你可能认为夫妻店正在逐渐消亡”，后句说明的是“你错了”；两者为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
72．考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在线购物平台淘宝是游戏规则的改变者，它彻底改变了我们的买卖方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，根据生活常识可知，“淘宝已经改变了我们的买卖方式”，所以使用现在完成时，句子的主语为单数，所以助动词用has，故填has revolutionized。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：它拥有1.9亿注册用户，服务于全球最大的市场。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入定语。registered，意为“已登记的，已注册的”，为过去分词作前置定语。故填registered。
74．考查形容词最高级。句意：它拥有1.9亿注册用户，服务于全球最大的市场。根据后句中“Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao”以及常识可知，淘宝在全球拥有最大的市场，所以空格处需要填入形容词最高级。故填the biggest。
75．考查连词。句意：虽然淘宝在2003年创立时借鉴了eBay的原始商业模式，但这位学生很快就成了大师。分析句子可知，前后句为让步关系，因此需要填入连词，引导让步状语从句。表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句的连词由although，though，while，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although或者Though或者While。
76．考查代词。句意：它几乎不收取商品销售清单的费用，其大部分收入来自广告。根据后句“其大部分收入来自广告”可知。它几乎不收取商品销售清单的费用。所以，此处指的是不收取费用；nothing表示“没什么”。故填nothing。
77．考查介词。句意：这使得任何有想法和电脑的人都可以开始一项可行的业务，而不需要大量的启动资金。此处表示“消除，不需要”；do away with意为“消除，终结”，为固定短语。故填with。
78．考查固定短语。句意：不是在大街上开一家店卖给路人，世界是每个淘宝用户的牡蛎。分析句子结构可知，前后句的句意为相反关系，因此需要填入表示“而不是”的短语。instead of意为“代替，而不是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Instead of。
79．考查定语从句。句意：她在女人街附近开了一家童装店，女人街是北京一个很受欢迎的市场。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，且代替先行词在从句中作主语；先行词为“Nuren Jie”，所以用which。故填which。
80．考查连词。句意：由于中国是世界制造业基地，个人采购廉价商品并以合理的加价出售相对容易。分析句子结构可知，前后句完整，因此需要填入连词；“中国是世界制造业基地”与“个人采购廉价商品并以合理的加价出售相对容易”前后句之间为因果关系，所以需要填入表示“因为”的连词。since与as表示因为，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since或者
As。
81．coming 82．they 83．where 84．has not happened 85．called 86．against 87．when/as 88．to see 89．that 90．whoever
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。
81．考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come与 The light为主动关系。故填coming。
82．考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。
83．考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
84．考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，故填has not happened。
85．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something与call为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。
86．考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。
87．考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when或as引导时间状语从句，故填when/as。
88．考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，
故填to see。
89．考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。根据be sure后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，从句结构、意义完整，故此处用that引导宾语从句，故填that。
90．考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填whoever。
91．are intended 92．since 93．using 94．so that/with which 95．were explored 96．to 97．reached 98．those 99．A 100．further
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了义肢给人们生活带来的改变，以及现如今对于机器人技术的进一步开发以使得那些缺少身体部分的人能够平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界。
91．考查固定短语。句意：虽然有些机器人是为了帮助人类，但机器人技术也可以为那些失去手臂、腿和身体其他部位的人再现逼真的四肢功能。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be intended to，意为“打算；意图做；是用于”。主语some robots（一些机器人）为复数，be动词应使用复数形式。故填are intended。
92．考查连词。句意：这些义肢至少从古埃及时代就以这样或那样的形式存在了。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了现在完成时，表示“自从古埃及时期义肢就已经存在了”，表示事情在过去已经发生，因此空处需使用表示时间的连词since，意为“自……以后”。故填since。
93．考查非谓语。句意：早期的肢体替换包括使用木材或皮革等材料来支撑和平衡。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语involve doing sth.，意为“包括……”，空处应使用动名词作宾语。故填using。
94．考查连词或定语从句。句意：这包括将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中，这样截肢者就可以参加体育活动并取得成功。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中”是为了“截肢者可以参加体育活动”，表示目的，连词so that（这样，以便）可引导目的状语从句。另外，此处也可以表示“通过使用这种轻质碳纤维材料，截肢这可以参加体育活动”，先行词prosthetics指物 ，空处可使用with+which的结构引导定语从句，意为“通过……”故填so that/with which。
95．考查被动语态。句意：然而，直到1986年，人们才开始探索电子假肢。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，句中主语electronic prosthetic limbs为复数形式，且与explore（探索）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态，根据1986可知，需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were explored。
96．考查介词。句意：这种仿生手臂的第一位使用者是坎贝尔·艾尔德，他因癌症失去了手臂。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语lose to，意为“败于……；输给”，表示“把手臂输给癌症”。故填to。
97．考查时态。句意：16年来，我第一次把手伸过头顶，从书架上拿起一本书。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据后文中was可知，该句陈述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故填reached。
98．考查代词。句意：今天，机器人技术的开创性工作使那些失去肢体的人能够更好地平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界，在某些情况下，甚至可以触摸。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处在句中作主句的宾语，根据定语从句连词who以及从句中are可知，先行词应为表示人的复数形式。空处可使用代词those，泛指“失去肢体的人们”。故填those。
99．考查冠词。句意：一项名为Cybathlon的新竞赛项目已经开展起来，以比较机器人四肢的速度、技能和效率。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一项比赛”，new（新的）为辅音音素开头的单词，因此可使用不定冠词a表示“一场”，位于句首时首字母大写。故填A。
100．考查形容词。句意：20个国家参加了这次活动，进一步推动了改变生活的技术创新。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，空处表示“进一步推动”，可使用其比较级形式。故填further。
【点睛】
101．despite 102．Others 103．As 104．is initiated 105．because/as/since/when/if 106．to ignore 107．desired 108．had gone 109．where 110．facilitating
【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过荷兰研究者对能源使用的研究，引出了关于习惯形成和行为改变的讨论。
101．考查介词。句意：在阿姆斯特丹附近的一个郊区，他们发现一些房主比邻居少用30%的能源，尽管房子大小差不多，用电价格也一样。分析句子结构可知，空后的句子中动词用的非谓语形式，所以空处应填介词，根据句意，此处表达“虽然，尽管”之意，用介词
despite。故填despite。
102．考查代词。句意：其他人把电表放在楼上的主走廊上。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，根据前文“Some had one in the basement.”可知，此处是固定搭配：some...others...意为“一些...另一些...”。故填Others。
103．考查定语从句。句意：你可能猜到了，电表位于主走廊的家庭用电量更少。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替逗号后面句子的内容在从句中作宾语，表达“正如”之意，用as引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。
104．考查动词时态和语态。句意：每个习惯都是由提示引发的，我们更容易注意到那些突出的提示。分析句子结构可知，initiate作本句谓语，和主语habit之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Every habit为第三人称单数。故填is initiated。
105．考查状语从句连接词。句意：不幸的是，我们生活和工作的环境往往使我们很容易不去做某些行为，因为没有明显的线索来触发这些行为。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，既可以翻译为“因为”，用because或者as或者since引导原因状语从句，也可以翻译为“当...时”，用when引导时间状语从句，还可以翻译为“如果”，用if引导条件状语从句。故填because或者as或者since或者when或者if。
106．考查非谓语动词。句意：当引发一种习惯的线索是微妙或隐藏的，它们很容易被忽视。此处是固定搭配：be+adj. to do sth.意为“做某事是怎样的”。故填to ignore。
107．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，创造明显的视觉线索可以把你的注意力吸引到一个想要的习惯上。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，desire的形容词形式是desired意为“期望得到的”。故填desired。
108．考查动词时态。句意：等我记起来的时候，苹果已经坏了。分析句子结构可知，go作本句谓语，根据时间状语By the time I remembered，描述的是过去的过去发生的事，用过去完成时。故填had gone。
109．考查表语从句。句意：下次我买苹果的时候，它们就去了那里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，根据句意，从句缺少地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
110．考查非谓语动词。句意：几乎像变魔术一样，我开始每天吃几个苹果，只是因为它们很明显，促进了健康饮食习惯的形成，而不是把它们挡在视线之外。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以facilitate用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填facilitating。
111．that/which 112．was honored 113． attending 114． but 115． an 116． himself 117． encouraged 118． After 119．earliest 120．including
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了音乐传奇鲍勃迪伦因为诗意的歌词而获得诺贝尔文学奖，并讲述了他的音乐历程。
111．考查定语从句。句意：周四，美国音乐界传奇人物鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖，成为首位获得这一著名奖项的词曲作者，这一决定令观察人士感到意外。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是decision，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that或which。
112．考查动词语态。句意：瑞典文学院表示，现年75岁的迪伦因“在伟大的美国歌曲传统中创造了新的诗意表达”而获奖。由said和句意可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时。句子主语The 75-year-old Dylan和honor“给与……的光荣”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The 75-year-old Dylan为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was honored。
113．考查非谓语动词。句意：出席颁奖仪式的记者们对这一选择报以喘息和长时间的掌声。本句谓语为was met，此处为非谓语动词，且reporters与attend“出席”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填attending。
114．考查连词。句意：在过去的几年里，这位民谣歌手一直在诺贝尔奖的猜测中被提及，但他从未被视为一个严肃的竞争对手。前后句意存在转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
115．考查冠词。句意：迪伦有一个重要的象征地位。泛指“一个重要的象征地位”，所以用不定冠词，icon是以以元音音素开头的，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
116．考查反身代词。句意：诺贝尔奖是为这位歌手颁发的最新奖项，1941年出生于明尼苏达州德卢斯的罗伯特·艾伦·齐默曼出身卑微，他自学了口琴、吉他和钢琴。who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the singer，本空指主语本身，所以用反身代词，主语who指代先行词the singer，是个男的，故用himself“他自己”，作taught的宾语。故填himself。
117．考查非谓语动词。句意：最初受到民谣歌手伍迪·格思里音乐的鼓舞，罗伯特·艾伦改名为鲍勃·迪伦，并开始在当地的夜总会表演。本句谓语为changed，此处为非谓语动词，且Robert Allen与encourage“鼓舞”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填encouraged。
118．考查介词。句意：大学辍学后，他于1960年搬到了纽约。根据句意可知，要填的词为after“在……之后”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填After。
119．考查形容词最高级。句意：他最早的专辑中只有两首原创歌曲，但1963年的突破之作《自由的鲍勃·迪伦》收录了许多他自己的歌曲，包括经典的《在风中飘荡》。表示“最早的”作定语修饰名词album，所以用形容词最高级earliest。故填earliest。
120．考查介词。句意：他最早的专辑中只有两首原创歌曲，但1963年的突破之作《自由的鲍勃·迪伦》收录了许多他自己的歌曲，包括经典的《在风中飘荡》。表示“包括”用介词including。故填including。
121．such 122．that 123．being fed 124．are not intended 125．against/from 126．where 127．used 128．whether 129．While/Although/Though 130．should
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近几周，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人程序ChatGPT在社交网络上占据了主导地位，但是ChatGPT对人类来说是好是坏还尚未可知。文章对此进行了介绍。
121．考查限定词。句意：它的吸引力是如此之大，以至于OpenAI在发布几天内就宣布有100万人登录了它。根据“that within days of its launch, OpenAI announced that 1 million people had logged on”可知，此处是指它的吸引力是如此之大，且主语appeal是名词，所以应用限定词such。故填such。
122．考查定语从句。句意：软件中可以产生流畅有逻辑的写作已经不新奇了。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为nothing，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
123．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：但ChatGPT通过输入人类“对话”的数据进行了调整，这大大提高了其答案的真实性和信息量。动词feed意为“提供”，在介词by后应用动名词形式作宾语，和主语ChatGPT构成被动关系。故填being fed。
124．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：就连机器人自己也说：“我的回答不是为了被当作事实。”根据“Even the bot itself says”可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词intend意为“准备”，和主语构成被动关系。故填are not intended。
125．考查介词。句意：这可能是互联网上的一个大问题，因为许多网络平台缺乏保护自己免受人工智能生成内容泛滥的能力。protect...againt/from意为“保护……免受……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词against或from。故填against/from。
126．考查定语从句。句意：像Stack Overflow这样的网站，在这里用户可以找到与编程相关的问题的答案，不得不禁止ChatGPT产生的帖子，因为它的人工版主无法处理大量可信
但错误的回复。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为Stack Overflow，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
127．考查过去分词。句意：发放用于大规模生产假新闻和假消息的工具是有风险的。动词use意为“使用”，和系动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语tools构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填used。
128．考查宾语从句。句意：放开ChatGPT引发了一个问题，即由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“raises the question of”可知，此处是指由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任，所以应用从属连词whether表示“是否”。故填whether。
129．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然OpenAI有拒绝不适当请求的保障措施，比如告诉用户如何犯罪，但这些都可以被忽略。“OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests”和“these can be neglected”构成转折关系，所以应用连词while/although/though表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首首字母应大写。故填While/Although/Though。
130．考查虚拟语气。句意：正如所建议的那样，人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估。根据“As is suggested”可知，此处应用（should）do虚拟语气。故填should。
131．a 132．beyond 133．more crowded 134．Even if/Even though 135．representing 136．can 137．what 138．to reunite/to be reunited 139．to which 140．has been
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于

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