资源简介

绝密★考试结束前
2024年高考最后一卷（上海卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light! The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 1 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand 160km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 2 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 3 it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 4 (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something 5 (call) the ‘solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 6 these particles. This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth’s magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash is to the particles that are already in our sky. And 7 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place 8 (see) the auurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland to see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 9 it will happen. But 10 do see it says that they will never forget it.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．pursuits B．interests C． comparable D．innovation E. schedule F. options G. realization H. routes I. subjects J. recipes K. motivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “ geniuses” for their somewhat in their fields. Their type of creativity is unique talents that led to global 11 what’s known as “Big C creativity” ( or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.But while we can’t all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity--through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. 12 are often wheat people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be 13 with the likes of the great master, but often the process
is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and 14 , we all posses creative attributes that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different 15 to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our 16 looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability I consider 17 and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “ Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years. It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace. Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts 18 ,but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing 19 that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,and what 20 those involved.
Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Corporate America is struggling to adapt to Gen Z
In recent months, the payments company Visa has quietly started to offer customers a new feature: a digital tool that lets them cap spending in a personalized way, for example by 21 the bill at coffee bars to a preset limit each week. Nothing odd about that, you might think.
With inflation (通货膨胀) weakening household 22 , and credit card debt at record highs in countries such as the US, consumers have reasons to do so.
But look a little closer, and there is a twist: Visa’s move is partly sparked by an urge to 23 the behaviour of “Gen Z”, or the group of people born between 1997 and 2012.
“Gen Z wants control,” explains Charlotte Hogg, chief executive of Visa Europe, who says the company is 24 trying to figure out how these teens and young adults think and behave.
Since most business leaders today are “baby boomers,” or members of “Gen X”, (born, that is, between 1946 and 1964, or 1965 and 1980, respectively), many feel confused by Gen Z, and assume they are 25 to “millennials” (or those born between 1981 and 1996). This assumption is not entirely wrong. A recent study by the consultancy Oliver Wyman, which 26 150,000 Gen Z-ers over two years, shows that this generation cares far more deeply about social and environmental issues than their elders, and expects digital and “real-world” experiences to be 27 , as they have grown up surrounded by more technology than previous generations. In this respect, they are similar to millennials. 28 , Gen Z has a higher rate of self-reported mental health issues than millennials, and its members prefer to get their information from 29 rather than authority figures. These findings, which 30 similar studies by McKinsey, undoubtedly reflect the fact that Gen Z-ers are digital natives whose lives have been shaped by the 31 of the global financial crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.
But the most striking issue that defines Gen Z is something else: 32 . Accustomed to digitization and smartphones, they consider it entirely normal and desirable to 33 everything — from their music, media, food and holidays to their politics, gender identities and working practices. I call this the era of “Gen P”, which has led to the rise of a “pick’n’mix” or “playlist” approach to life, in which personal choice 34 . To Gen Z the idea of accepting preselected roles or consumption packages feels as 35 as only listening to music on the radio picked by somebody else. Instead they want to exercise choice.
21．A．applying B．restricting C．consuming D．accepting
22．A．budgets B．names C．goods D．bills
23．A．give way to B．make sense of C．come up with D．take advantage of
24．A．leisurely B．ultimately C．urgently D．reluctantly
25．A．prior B．contrary C．familiar D．identical
26．A．tracked B．tended C．selected D．attained
27．A．supervised B．connected C．generated D．separated
28．A．However B．Likewise C．Consequently D．Furthermore
29．A．school teachers B．online peers C．family members D．news anchors
30．A．modify B．review C．echo D．oppose
31．A．outlets B．upgrades C．forecasts D．aftershocks
32．A．inspiration B．innovation C．identification D．personalization
33．A．tackle B．customize C．access D．authorize
34．A．rules B．arises C．fulfills D．fades
35．A．dynamic B．casual C．outdated D．unconventional
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Enjoy convenience, Premier service and a thank-you gift.With a busy life abroad, you have enough to think about without worrying about your offshore banking. That’s why we’ve designed our products and services to be easy and convenient. Bank offshore with HSBC Premier and enjoy: ◆24/7 phone access to a Relationship Management team. ◆Internet Banking that provides access to your HSBC accounts in over 34 countries from a single log on and the ability to make transfers immediately, without charge and with a preferential rate. ◆The ability to manage your money in a large range of emerging market currencies, use our global reach and knowledge of international business and get the best help and guidance. ◆An International Wealth Management service to help you make the most of your money. ◆The choice of either 12 months’ Airport Angel membership or an Amazon Kindle if you open a Premier account between 20 January 2011 and 30 April 2011 (inclusive) and deposit at least 60,000 (or an equal amount of money ) within 90 days of account opening. To qualify, refer to the full terms and conditions. To enjoy convenience, preferential rates and the expertise and security of the HSBC Group, why not open a premier account now
36．You can choose 12 months’ Airport Angel membership, if you________.
A．deposit at least $60,000 within 90 days of account opening
B．have qualified for the service
C．deposit an equal amount of money within 90 days
D．open a Premier account on 30 April
37．The advertisement is mainly aimed at________.
A．people who want to do business
B．people who are over 34 years old and still single
C．people who have friends and relatives in foreign countries
D．people who have settled down abroad
38．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement
A．You must know the detailed information before opening an account.
B．To make the best of your money, you are sure to open a premier account.
C．To enjoy the service, you must surf the Internet.
D．It is certain that you can deal with your banking in 24 hours.
B
The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a wayward start, and received one of its biggest advances from a lie.
Roussel was orphaned at the age of eight and went to live with his grandfather. He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.
Three years later Roussel’s grandfather died, and his mother’s sister took him in. Her husband arranged for young Albert to take piano lessons. Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a second love to his life — the sea. He studied to be a naval officer, but still made time to study music.
In the French Navy, while he was stationed on a cruiser (巡洋舰) based at Cherbourg, he and two friends found the time to play the piano trios (三重奏) of Beethoven and other composers. Roussel also began composing. At the Chuich of the Trinity in Cherbourg on Christmas Day 1892, he had his first public performance as a composer with the performance of his Andante for string trio and organ.
That success encouraged Roussel to write a wedding march, and one of his fellow naval officers offered to show it to an outstanding conductor, Edouard Colonne. When Roussel’s friend returned with the manuscript (手稿), he reported that Colonne had advised Roussel to give up his naval career and devote his life to music.
Not long afterward, at the age of 25, Roussel did just that. He applied the self-discipline, conciseness, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a major force in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Roussel devote his life to music, Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he had never even shown Roussel’s manuscript to the
conductor.
39．From “a wayward start” in Paragraph 1, we know Albert Roussel’s composing career________.
A．was a great success at first B．was inspired early in every way
C．was a happy one because of a lie D．was unpredictable in the beginning
40．Who first brought music to Roussel’s life
A．His mother. B．His grandfather.
C．His piano teacher. D．His fellow naval officer.
41．Why did Roussel join the Navy
A．He didn’t want to live with his mother’s sister.
B．He was fascinated by the sea at a seaside resort.
C．He wanted to practice music with his friends.
D．He thought it could help him create music.
42．The following factors except ________led to his success as a composer.
A．his love for music B．the conductor’s inspiring advice
C．his navy friend’s lie D．the good qualities acquired in the navy
C
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: “For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster
you acquire new words. This sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that’s been tried and it’s not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
43．The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ________.
A．it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B．it reveals young people’s negative attitude towards verbal study
C．it shows the schools’ inability to meet the national requirements
D．students’ reading and writing ability affects their future development
44．Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence
A．Children’s lack of language learning ability.
B．Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C．The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D．Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
45．The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ________.
A．children should be trained to understand the content
B．teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C．children’s family background determines their verbal ability
D．teachers should make everything understandable for students
46．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Mathew Effect in Language Learning
B．How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C．Try to Understand the Main Idea
D．Don’t Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Do animals have feelings
People often assign feelings to animals. That zoo polar bear’s vacant stare must mean he’s sad. The uh-oh expression a dog flashes after knocking over the garbage indicates shame. But scientists haven’t determined whether these human-like expressions really mean anything. After all, it’s very difficult to read a dog’s mind.
Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. 47
Even animals that don’t have spindle cells, such as dogs, have shown behaviors that can suggest a human-like social sense. 48 Scientists report that this shows dogs are sensitive to human social cues and are able to correctly interpret them. Still, this only proves that dogs know how to find food, not that they have feelings.
Observations of apes have also revealed behavior that appears to represent various human-like desires. In some tests, chimpanzees demonstrate what looks like altruism (利他主义) helping their own kind and even other species without the expectation of a reward.
49 In a recent study, a Barnard College researcher tested dogs to see if their guilty looks were linked to actual bad behavior. Dogs were tempted with a treat and told by their owners not to eat it. The dog’s owners weren’t allowed to see whether their pets had eaten the treat or not, but were told either that they did or that they didn’t, and were then instructed to scold the dogs that disobeyed. The experimenters noted that scolded dogs showed a guilty look whether or not they had actually done wrong.
50 A guilty look suggests a feeling of guilt in a human but not necessarily in a dog, according to the Barnard research. Similarly, even apparent empathy (共情) behavior might not actually mean these feelings are present in the brains of animals.
A．Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings.
B．Anyone who claims to know what animals feel doesn’t have science on their side.
C．In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a food treat.
D．Many people think that empathy is a special emotion only humans show.
E．Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling.
F．This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like feelings.
Summary Writing (10分)
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
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Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．这条俄语俚语究竟是什么意思？(earth)(汉译英)
53．他深深吸了口气，在大雾弥漫的泥泞山路中艰难前行。(Having…) (汉译英)
54．饺子是中国的文化符号之一，其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特。(characterize) (汉译英)
55．加大数字社会建设的投资力度，加速大数据产业发展是必然趋势，符合建设现代化强国的战略。（consistent）（汉译英）
Guided Writing （25分）
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你班最近将召开一次主题班会，围绕“It’s better to make wrong decisions than to make no decision at all.”这种说法展开讨论。你是赞同还是反对这个观点？请写一篇发言稿，通过事例对你的观点加以说明。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．coming 2．they 3．where 4．has not happened 5．called 6．against 7．when/as 8．to see 9．that 10．whoever
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。
1．考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come与 The light为主动关系。故填coming。
2．考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。
3．考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
4．考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，故填has not happened。
5．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something与call为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。
6．考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。
7．考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when或as引导时间状语从句，故填when/as。
8．考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故
填to see。
9．考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。根据be sure后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，从句结构、意义完整，故此处用that引导宾语从句，故填that。
10．考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填whoever。
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．H 16．E 17．F 18．I 19．G 20．K
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类普遍具有创造力，不仅限于艺术大师创造力，日常生活中的创造力更是解决问题、做决策的关键，并在各个领域中普遍存在且可培养。
11．考查名词。句意：他们的创造力是独特的才能，导致了全球创新，被称为“大C创造力”(或历史的)，在日常生活中并不常见。根据空格前的形容词global可知，形容词应修饰名词；再根据上文“When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind.(当你想到创造力时，你可能会想到像莫扎特、达芬奇或爱因斯坦这样极具创造力的人)”可知，这里讲的是创造力，分析选项，此处用innovation表示“创新”符合语境及逻辑。故选D项。
12．考查名词。句意：当被问及创造力是什么样子时，人们通常会想到追求。分析句式结构可知，该空对应的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano(爱好如水彩画或弹钢琴)”，再结合选项可知“水彩画或弹钢琴”可以说是pursuits“追求”。故选A项。
13．考查形容词。句意：我们完成的作品可能无法与大师的作品相提并论，但通常这个过程是有治疗作用的，最终的结果是令人赏心悦目的。分析句意可知，此处用形容词comparable，构成固定短语be comparable with，表示“与……可比较的，比得上的”，符合语境。故选C项。
14．考查名词。句意：除了爱好和兴趣，我们都拥有创造性的属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做出决定。分析句式结构可知，该空与hobbies并列，且它们的意思应该是相近
的，再结合选项可知，用B选项interests表示“兴趣”。故选B项。
15．考查名词。句意：正是这种创造力使我们能够计划不同的路线到达同一个目的地，或者当我们的日程安排看起来很满时，如何适应去超市的旅行。根据后面的“to get to the same destination (到达同一个目的地)”可以反推出我们需要先计划“路线”。故选H项。
16．考查名词。句意同上。根据空格后looks full可知，此处用schedule表示我们的“日程安排”看起来很满时，符合语境及逻辑。故选E项。
17．考查名词。句意：我考虑各种选择并评估它们的适用性，以及如何根据个人以前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的东西做出决定。根据下文“as well as how to make decisions based or personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. (以及如根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定)”可以推测出我们考虑的是“选择”，所以此处用options表示“可选择的事物，选择，选择权”。故选F项。
18．考查名词。句意：我们之前的研究表明，教师通常能够在艺术科目中给出创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等科目的创造力时，就很难做到了。根据下文“but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science(但当被要求描述科学等学科的创造力时，我发现很难做到这一点)”可知，空格处应为subjects“学科科目、主题”。故选I项。
19．考查名词。句意：但越来越多的人意识到，在更广泛的学科中都有发挥创造力的机会。根据下文“opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects(创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在)”可知，这属于一种realization“认识，意识”。故选G项。
20．考查动词。句意：例如，工程学提供了创造性地解决问题的机会，而历史则提供了创造性地思考事件发生的原因以及是什么激发了参与者。分析句子结构可知，此空是一个谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，再根据句意，用motivated表示“成为……的动机，是……的原因，激励，激发”。故选K项。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国企业正在努力适应Z世代。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近几个月，支付公司Visa悄悄开始向客户提供一项新功能:一种数字工具，让他们以个性化的方式限制支出，例如将每周在咖啡馆的账单限制在预
设的上限。A. applying申请；B. restricting限制；C. consuming消费；D. accepting接受。根据下文“to a preset limit each week”可知，此处指限制账单。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于通胀削弱了家庭预算，而美国等国的信用卡债务处于创纪录高位，消费者有理由这样做。A. budgets预算；B. names姓名；C. goods货物；D. bills账单。根据下文“and credit card debt at record highs in countries such as the US”可知，此处指通胀削弱了家庭预算。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但仔细看看，会发现一个转折：Visa此举在一定程度上是出于理解“Z世代”（ 即1997年至2012年出生的群体）行为的冲动。A. give way to让位于；B. make sense of理解；C. come up with想出；D. take advantage of利用。根据下文“the behaviour of ‘Gen Z”, or the group of people born between 1997 and 2012.”可知，此处指理解“Z世代”（ 即1997年至2012年出生的群体）行为的冲动。故选B。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“Z世代想要掌控一切，”Visa欧洲首席执行官夏洛特·霍格解释说，她表示，该公司正迫切试图弄清楚这些青少年和年轻人的思维和行为方式。A. leisurely悠闲地；B. ultimately最终；C. urgently迫切地； D. reluctantly勉强地。根据下文“trying to figure out how these teens and young adults think and behave.”及常识可知，公司要想适应Z世代，需要迫切弄清楚这些青少年和年轻人的思维和行为方式。故选C。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于今天的大多数商业领袖都是“婴儿潮一代”，或“X世代”(分别出生于1946年至1964年或1965年至1980年之间)，许多人对Z世代感到困惑，并认为他们与“千禧一代”(或生于1981年至1996年之间)相同。A. prior优先的；B. contrary相反的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. identical相同的。根据上文““Gen Z”, or the group of people born between 1997 and 2012”及下文““millennials” (or those born between 1981 and 1996).”可知，许多X世代的人对Z世代感到困惑，认为他们与“千禧一代”相同。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oliver Wyman最近的一项研究对15万Z世代进行了两年多的跟踪调查，结果显示，这一代人对社会和环境问题的关心远远超过他们的长辈，并期望将数字体验和“现实世界”体验联系起来，因为他们在比前几代人更多的科技环境中长大。A. tracked跟踪；B. tended倾向；C. selected选择；D. attained获得。根据下文“over two years”可知，此处指两年多的跟踪调查。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oliver Wyman最近的一项研究对15万Z世代进行了两年多的跟踪调查，结果显示，这一代人对社会和环境问题的关心远远超过他们的长辈，并期望将数字体验和“现实世界”体验联系起来，因为他们在比前几代人更多的科技环境中长大。A.
supervised监督；B. connected连接；C. generated生成；D. separated分离。根据下文“as they have grown up surrounded by more technology than previous generations.”可知，此处指Z世代期望将数字体验和“现实世界”体验联系起来。故选B。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Z世代的自我报告心理健康问题的比例高于千禧一代，而且Z世代的成员更喜欢从网上的同龄人而不是权威人士那里获取信息。A. However然而；B. Likewise同样；C. Consequently因此；D. Furthermore此外。前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折副词。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Z世代的自我报告心理健康问题的比例高于千禧一代，而且Z世代的成员更喜欢从网上的同龄人而不是权威人士那里获取信息。A. school teachers学校教师；B. online peers网上同龄人；C. family members家庭成员；D. news anchors新闻主播。根据下文“rather than authority figures”可知，Z世代的成员更喜欢从网上的同龄人而不是权威人士那里获取信息。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与麦肯锡的类似研究相呼应，无疑反映了这样一个事实：Z世代是数字原住民，他们的生活受到全球金融危机、新冠肺炎大流行和乌克兰战争的余震影响。A. modify修改；B. review审查；C. echo产生回响；D. oppose反对。根据下文“similar studies by McKinsey, undoubtedly reflect the fact that Gen Z-ers are digital natives”可知，此处指新的发现与麦肯锡的类似研究相呼应。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与麦肯锡的类似研究相呼应，无疑反映了这样一个事实：Z世代是数字原住民，他们的生活受到全球金融危机、新冠肺炎大流行和乌克兰战争的余震影响。A. outlets插座；B. upgrades升级；C. forecasts预测；D. aftershocks余震。根据下文“the global financial crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.”及常识可知，此处指Z世代受到了现在全球金融危机、新冠肺炎大流行和乌克兰战争产生的余震影响。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但定义Z世代的最引人注目的问题是另一件事：个性化。A. inspiration灵感；B. innovation创新；C. identification识别；D. personalization个性化。根据下文“Accustomed to digitization and smartphones, they consider it entirely normal and desirable to 　　13　　 everything — from their music, media, food and holidays to their politics, gender identities and working practices.”可知，Z世代个性化很强。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：习惯了数字化和智能手机，他们认为定制一切是完全正常和可取的——从他们的音乐、媒体、食物和假期到他们的政治、性别认同和工作方式。A. tackle
解决；B. customize定制；C. access访问；D. authorize授权。根据下文“Instead they want to exercise choice.”可知，Z世代认为定制一切是完全正常和可取的。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个时代称为“P世代”(Gen P)，这个时代导致了一种“自选混合”(pick’n’mix)或“播放列表”(playlist)生活方式的兴起，在这种生活方式中，个人选择占据首要地位。A. rules占首要地位；B. arises出现；C. fulfills履行；D. fades褪色。根据上文“Accustomed to digitization and smartphones, they consider it entirely normal and desirable to 　　13　　 everything — from their music, media, food and holidays to their politics, gender identities and working practices.”可知，个人选择占据首要地位。故选A。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Z世代来说，接受预先选定的角色或消费套餐的想法就像只听别人挑选的收音机里的音乐一样过时。A. dynamic精力充沛的；B. casual随便的；C. outdated过时的；D. unconventional不因循守旧的。根据上文“I call this the era of “Gen P”, which has led to the rise of a “pick’n’mix” or “playlist” approach to life, in which personal choice 　　14　　.”可知，对应Z世代而言，个人选择占据首要地位，接受预先选定的角色或消费套餐的想法就像只听别人挑选的收音机里的音乐一样过时。故选C。
36．B 37．D 38．A
【导语】这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了汇丰银行开户的相关服务内容和要求。
36．细节理解题。根据第六段中“The choice of either 12 months’ Airport Angel membership or an Amazon Kindle if you open a Premier account between 20 January 2011 and 30 April 2011 (inclusive) and deposit at least 60,000 (or an equal amount of money ) within 90 days of account opening.”（如果您在2011年1月20日至2011年4月30日(含)期间开立Premier账户，并在账户开立后90天内存入至少60,000英镑(或同等金额)，您可以选择12个月的机场天使会员资格或亚马逊Kindle 。）可知，如果您符合资格，您可以选择12个月的机场天使会员资格、故选B项。
37．推理判断题。根据文章内容和第一段中“With a busy life abroad, you have enough to think about without worrying about your offshore banking.”（在国外忙碌的生活中，你有足够的时间去思考，不必担心你的海外银行业务。）可推知，这则广告主要针对的是在国外定居的人。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第六段中“To qualify, refer to the full terms and conditions.”（要获得资格，请参阅完整的条款和条件。）可知，在开户之前，你必须了解详细的信息。故选A项。
39．D 40．A 41．B 42．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二十世纪法国著名作曲阿尔伯特·罗塞尔的事迹。
39．推理判断题。根据第一段“The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a wayward start, and received one of its biggest advances from a lie.(阿尔伯特·鲁塞尔的创作生涯一开始就很任性，并从谎言中获得了最大的进步之一)”可推知，从第一段的“a wayward start”可以看出，阿尔伯特·鲁塞尔的作曲生涯从一开始就不可预测。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.(他以从母亲那里学来的音乐为基础，通过通读家庭音乐合集，用钢琴演奏歌剧选段和流行歌曲来娱乐自己)”可知，鲁塞尔的母亲首先将音乐带入了他的生活。故选A。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a second love to his life — the sea. He studied to be a naval officer, but still made time to study music.(在比利时海边度假的暑假为他的生活增添了第二种爱——大海。他学习成为一名海军军官，但仍然抽出时间学习音乐)”可推知，鲁塞尔加入海军是因为他被海边度假胜地的大海迷住了。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.(他以从母亲那里学来的音乐为基础，通过通读家庭音乐合集，用钢琴演奏歌剧选段和流行歌曲来娱乐自己)”和最后一段中的“He applied the self-discipline, conciseness, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a major force in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Roussel devote his life to music, Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he had never even shown Roussel’s manuscript to the conductor.(他将自己在海军时期养成的自律、简洁和灵性运用到作曲中，成为20世纪法国音乐界的一股重要力量。至于爱德华·科隆内(Eduoard Colonne)让鲁塞尔将一生奉献给音乐的鼓舞人心的建议，鲁塞尔的海军朋友后来承认，这是他编造的，他甚至从未把鲁塞尔的手稿拿给这位指挥看)”可知，导致他成为一名成功的作曲家的因素是对音乐的热爱、他的海军朋友的谎言和在海军获得的良好品质，并没有涉及指挥家鼓舞人心的建议。故选B。
43．D 44．C 45．A 46．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是高中生语言能力急剧下降的原因以及应对的措施。
43．细节理解题。根据首段中的“This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job.(这是非常令人担忧的，因为衡量我们中小学整体质量的最佳单一指标是17岁学生的平均语言成绩。这个分数与学习新事物的能力、与他人沟通的能力以及获得工作的能力有关。)”可知，这一分数是衡量中小学整体质量的单一指标，而这一分数与学生的学习能力，沟通能力以及获取工作的能力相关，由此可知，之所以担忧是因为学生的阅读能力直接影响了学生未来的发展。故选D项。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach.(最可信的分析表明，主要原因是课程的巨大变化，特别是在关键的早期年级。在“语言大衰退”之前的几十年里，内容丰富的小学经历演变成了内容少、以技能为基础、以考试为中心的方法。)”可知，语言能力下降的原因是在关键的早起年级课程发生巨大变化，课程内容减少，转变为以技能为基础，以考试为中心。故选C项。
45．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”(语言中的马太效应可以这样重述:“对于那些理解主旨的人，应该给予新的单词含义，但对于那些不理解的人，则会感到无聊和沮丧。”。)”可知，马太效应讲述的是理解主要思想的人被赋予新的单词含义，对于不理解的人来说，会感到无聊和沮丧，由此可推断，需要对儿童内容的理解。故选A项。
46．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. (关于教育的最新坏消息是，SAT的阅读和写作分数再次下降，但这并不令人意外。我们高中生的语言能力在20世纪70年代急剧下降，并且从未恢复。)”可知，高中生的语言能力自20世纪70年代急剧下滑且从未恢复，进而在下文中分析了产生这一结果的原因，结合尾段中“Current reform strategies focus on
testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.(目前的改革策略集中在考试、提高教师素质等方面。对这些结构性问题的关注导致了最好的公立学校的改进。但这还不够。)”可知，就此现象，已经有了一些教育改革策略并得到了一定的改善，但仍是远远不够的，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是语言能力下滑以及采取的相应的策略，所以题目为“如何止住语言分数下降”与本文内容吻合，且概括全文的主题。故选B项。
47．A 48．C 49．E 50．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。针对动物是否有感情，对黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼这类与人类有一样的棱形细胞的动物研究发现，虽然这些动物都能像人一样行动，但这些细胞的存在并不意味着动物有感情。对被责骂的狗的研究发现，狗无论是否做错，面对责骂，都会表现出内疚的表情。
47．前文“Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. (科学家们认为，人类大脑中被称为棱形细胞的特定细胞负责人类的社会行为以及思想和感情之间的相互作用。研究表明，黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼的大脑也有梭形细胞。)”说明黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼的大脑也有和人类一样的棱形细胞。结合选项，A项“Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings. (虽然这些动物都能像人一样行动，但这些细胞的存在并不意味着动物有感情。)”照应前文，符合语境，是对前文的转折。而且选项中的“these are all animals”指代前文中的“chimpanzee, dolphin and whale”。故选A。
48．下文“Scientists report that this shows dogs are sensitive to human social cues and are able to correctly interpret them. (科学家们报告说，这表明狗对人类的社交暗示很敏感，并且能够正确地解读它们。)”介绍某项实验结果。结合选项，C项“In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a food treat. (在最近的实验中，狗狗已经表明，它们知道跟着人类的手指找到食物。)”符合符合语意，照应了实验结果。且下文的“this”指代选项中“In recent experiments”。故选C。
49．下文“The experimenters noted that scolded dogs showed a guilty look whether or not they had actually done wrong. (实验人员注意到，被责骂的狗无论是否真的做错了，都会表现出内疚的
表情。)”表明无论是否做错，面对责骂，狗都会表现出内疚的表情。结合选项，E项“Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling. (其他实验对动物行为能否可靠地表示一种潜在的感觉提出了质疑。)”为中心句。下文中的这句话是对中心句的证明，说明动物表达感情是不准确的。故选E。
50．上文“The experimenters noted that scolded dogs showed a guilty look whether or not they had actually done wrong. (实验人员注意到，被责骂的狗无论是否真的做错了，都会表现出内疚的表情。)”以及下文“A guilty look suggests a feeling of guilt in a human but not necessarily in a dog, according to the Barnard research. Similarly, even apparent empathy (共情) behavior might not actually mean these feelings are present in the brains of animals. (根据巴纳德学院的研究，人脸上露出内疚的表情意味着内疚，但狗并不一定如此。同样，即使是明显的共情行为也不一定意味着这些感觉存在于动物的大脑中。)”表明无论是否做错，面对责骂，狗都会表现出内疚的表情。明显的共情行为也不一定意味着这些感觉存在于动物的大脑中。结合选项，F项“This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like feelings. (这说明了将动物行为准确解释为类人情感的标志的难度。)”是对上文实验的说明，而且下文再次论证选项的观点。故选F。
51．Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity. The seemingly distracting background noise, as long as at a proper volume, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making. Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明咖啡店是一个可以激发创造力的地方。那些看似让人分心的背景噪音，只要音量适当，都有助于你的创造性思维和决策。此外，那些在咖啡店努力工作的人也可以让你做同样的事情。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output.
②Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
③There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research indicates that a café is a place that will stimulate creativity.
The seemingly distracting background noise, once a volume is proper, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making.
Also, people in the coffee shops who are working hard can promote you to do the same.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.用who 引导定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
52．What on earth does this Russian slang mean
【详解】考查时态，特殊疑问句和主谓一致。“这条俄语俚语”是this Russian slang，“意思是”是mean，“究竟”是on earth，根据句意可知，句子用what引起特殊疑问句，slang是单数，助动词用does，位于主语前，因此整句话翻译为“What on earth does this Russian slang mean”，故答案为What on earth does this Russian slang mean
53．Having taken a deep breath, he moved forward with great effort on the foggy and muddy road in the mountain.
【详解】考查时态、短语和非谓语动词。根据提示，“在大雾弥漫的泥泞山路中艰难前行”为句子主干部分，“前进”表达为move forward，作谓语，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“艰难地”可表达为with great effort，作状语，“在大雾弥漫的泥泞山路中”表达为on the foggy and muddy road in the mountain，作状语；“他深深吸了口气”处理为状语，“深呼吸”是固定短语take a deep breath，take和逻辑主语“他”之间是主动关系，且先于谓语动词“前行”发生，故应用现在分词的完成式having done。综上，故翻译为Having taken a deep breath, he moved forward with great effort on the foggy and muddy road in the mountain.
54．Dumplings, as one of Chinese cultural symbols, are characterized by their thin skin, tender filling, delicious taste and unique shape.
【详解】考查短语和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“是中国的文化符号之一”可理解为“作为中国的文化符号之一”表达为as one of Chinese cultural symbols，“特点是”用固定短语be characterized by；“皮薄”是thin skin，“馅嫩”是tender filling，“味道鲜美”是delicious taste，“形状独特”是unique shape，这四个名词短语并列作介词by的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Dumplings, as one of Chinese cultural symbols, are characterized by their thin skin,
tender filling, delicious taste and unique shape.
55．It is an inevitable/ irresistible trend to increase investment in the construction of digital society and accelerate/speed up the development of big data industry, which is consistent with the strategy of building a modern and powerful country.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。此处为it be adj. to do sth.句型，表示“必然趋势”短语为an inevitable/ irresistible trend；表示“加大数字社会建设的投资力度”应用increase investment in the construction of digital society；表示“加速大数据产业发展”翻译为accelerate/speed up the development of big data industry；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“符合”短语为be consistent with；表示“建设现代化强国的战略”翻译为the strategy of building a modern and powerful country。为一般现在时。故翻译为It is an inevitable/ irresistible trend to increase investment in the construction of digital society and accelerate/speed up the development of big data industry, which is consistent with the strategy of building a modern and powerful country.
56．Some people argue whether it is a general truth that to make a wrong decision is better than to make no decision at all. To be frank, I cannot agree with them. Firstly, making wrong decisions can lead to serious consequences. For instance, if a doctor hastily makes an incorrect diagnosis, it could result in severe health issues for the patient. On the contrary, well-thought-out decisions are more likely to yield positive outcomes. Secondly, not making a decision hastily allows us more time for reflection and preparation. For example, when faced with important choices, careful consideration and planning might lead us to better solutions, avoiding mistakes. In conclusion, I believe that rather than hastily making wrong decisions, we should invest more time in thoughtful consideration and preparation. Thank you.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。班级最近将召开一次主题班会，围绕“It’s better to make wrong decisions than to make no decision at all.”这种说法展开讨论。要求考生写一篇发言稿，通过事例对说明自己的观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
老实说：to be frank → to be honest
导致：lead to → result in/cause
例如：for instance → for example
匆忙地：hastily → hurriedly
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secondly, not making a decision hastily allows us more time for reflection and preparation.
拓展句：Secondly, not making a decision hastily provides us with more time for reflection and preparation, which can lead to better outcomes in the long run.
【点睛】[高分句型1] For instance, if a doctor hastily makes an incorrect diagnosis, it could result in severe health issues for the patient. (运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型2] In conclusion, I believe that rather than hastily making wrong decisions, we should invest more time in thoughtful consideration and preparation. (运用了连词that引导宾语从句)

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