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时态和语态的详细讲解
一、时态
时态是英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态的一种语法形式。英语中有 16 种时态，以下是一些常见的时态：
1. 一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示客观事实或真理。
例句：I get up at six every morning.（我每天早上六点起床。） The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）
2. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
例句：He played basketball yesterday.（他昨天打篮球了。） I was a student ten years ago.（十年前我是一名学生。）
3. 一般将来时：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
例句：I will go to Beijing next week.（我下周将去北京。） They are going to have a picnic tomorrow.（他们明天要去野餐。）
4. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。
例句：She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读一本书。） They are playing football at the moment.（此刻他们正在踢足球。）
5. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句：I was watching TV when he came in.（他进来时我正在看电视。） They were having a meeting at that time.（那时他们正在开会。）
6. 将来进行时：表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句：This time tomorrow I will be flying to New York.（明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。） They will be waiting for us at the airport.（他们将在机场等我们。）
7. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例句：I have learned English for five years.（我已经学了五年英语了。） He has already finished his work.（他已经完成了他的工作。）
8. 过去完成时：表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：By the end of last year, I had learned 2000 English words.（到去年年底，我已经学了 2000 个英语单词。） When I got to the station, the train had already left.（当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。）
9. 将来完成时：表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
例句：By the end of next year, I will have graduated from university.（到明年年底，我将已经从大学毕业。） They will have built the bridge by the end of this month.（他们将在本月底之前建成这座桥。）
二、语态
语态是英语中表示主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种语法形式。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
1. 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
例句：He plays basketball every day.（他每天打篮球。）
2. 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成是“be + 过去分词”。
例句：The book is read by many people.（这本书被许多人读。） The house was built last year.（这座房子是去年建的。）
三、例句
1. I usually go to school by bike.（我通常骑自行车去上学。）
2. He went to the park yesterday.（他昨天去了公园。）
3. We will have a picnic next Sunday.（我们下周日将去野餐。）
4. She is singing a song now.（她现在正在唱一首歌。）
5. They were dancing at the party last night.（他们昨晚在聚会上跳舞。）
6. I will be reading a book this time tomorrow.（明天这个时候我将正在读一本书。）
7. He has lived here for ten years.（他已经在这里住了十年了。）
8. By the time I got there, the film had started.（当我到达那里时，电影已经开始了。）
9. They will have finished the work by the end of this month.（他们将在本月底之前完成这项工作。）
10. The window was broken by the boy.（窗户被那个男孩打破了。）
四、时态和语态练习 30 道
1. I _ (read) a book when he came in.
2. They _ (go) to the beach every summer.
3. She _ (have) a lot of friends.
4. He _ (write) a letter to his friend last week.
5. We _ (be) at the zoo yesterday.
6. The children _ (play) in the garden now.
7. I _ (see) him at the party last night.
8. They _ (build) a new house next year.
9. She _ (finish) her homework before dinner.
10. The book _ (write) by Mark Twain.
11. The food _ (taste) delicious.
12. He _ (come) back home last night.
13. The rain _ (stop) before we went out.
14. I _ (be) to Beijing twice.
15. They _ (have) a picnic in the park last week.
16. The flowers _ (smell) sweet.
17. He _ (be) ill for a week.
18. The movie _ (begin) at 7 o'clock.
19. She _ (go) shopping every Sunday.
20. The door _ (lock) by him.
21. I _ (study) for the test yesterday.
22. They _ (be) at the beach last month.
23. The car _ (repair) by the mechanic.
24. He _ (give) a speech tomorrow.
25. The book _ (read) by many people.
26. The sun _ (shine) brightly.
27. I _ (meet) him last week.
28. They _ (have) a party next month.
29. The house _ (build) in 1990.
30. She _ (wear) a blue dress yesterday.
五、答案
1. was reading
2. go
3. has
4. wrote
5. were
6. are playing
7. saw
8. will build
9. finished
10. was written
11. tastes
12. came
13. had stopped
14. have been
15. had
16. smell
17. has been
18. begins
19. goes
20. was locked
21. studied
22. were
23. was repaired
24. will give
25. is read
26. shines
27. met
28. will have
29. was built
30. wore

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