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2024中考英语时文阅读冲刺--成语故事（四）
（一）中华传统文化双语阅读--成语故事《亡羊补牢》
Mend the Fold After a Sheep is Lost
中华成语故事
It’s never too late to mend the fence, even after you have lost some sheep
（Mend the Fold After a Sheep is Lost ）
One day, an official in the State of Chu named Zhuang Xin（庄辛 ） said to his King Xiang（楚襄王）: “Your majesty is accompanied by Duke Zhou and Duke Xia by your side, and followed by Lord Yanling and Lord Shouling. These four cunning and futile men, who are in charge of state affairs, are very allergic to work. They only know to please you by faking and plotting things. If you keep ignoring the state affairs and enjoying unrestricted life style, I am afraid that our country would be in danger soon.”
战国时代，楚国有一个大臣，名叫庄辛，有一天对楚襄王说：“你在宫里面的时候，左边是州侯，右边是夏侯；出去的时候，鄢陵君和寿跟君又总是随看你。你和 这四个人专门讲究奢侈淫乐，不管国家大事，郢（楚都，在今湖北省江陵县北）一定要危险啦！”
The King flew into a rage. “How dare you! You even use such vicious words to curse my country and mean to arouse resentment among the people!”
襄王听了，很不高兴，气骂道：“你糊涂了吗？故意说这些险恶的话惑乱人心吗？”
Zhuang Xin replied: “I dare not curse the State of Chu. But I really have a premonition that Chu is facing great danger. If you keep trusting these four people without limits, our country would perish because of them. Please allow me to go to State of Zhao, I can take there as a shelter and observe the change of State of Chu”.
庄辛不慌不忙的回答说：“我实在感觉事情一定要到这个地步的，不敢故意说楚国有什么不幸。如果你一直宠信这个人，楚国一定要灭亡的。你既然不信我的话，请允许我到赵国躲一躲，看事情究竟会怎样。”
Xin left Chu for Zhao. He only stayed 5 months before the King of Qin sent his troops to invade Chu and occupied a large tract of its territory. The King of Chu himself went into exile.
庄辛到赵国才住了五个月，秦国果然派兵侵楚，襄王被迫流亡到阳城。
Now, the king remembered Zhuang Xin’s words. He sent his men to Zhao to fetch him. When the king saw Zhuang Xin again, he asked him, “I regret so much that I did not follow your advice. What can I do now in such a critical situation ”
这时侯襄王才派人率骑士到赵国召请庄辛。庄辛说：“可以。”庄辛到了城阳以后，楚襄王对他说：“寡人当初不听先生的话，如今事情发展到这地步，对这事可怎么办呢？”
Zhuang Xin replied: “I heard proverbs saying, it is never too late to let the hounds loose, even after the rabbit has already been spotted, and it is not too late to mend the fence even after the sheep are already lost.
庄辛很诚恳地说：“臣知道一句俗语：‘见到兔子以后再放出猎犬去追并不算晚，羊丢掉以后再去修补也不算迟。’ ”
As we know in the history, great leaders like King Tang of Shang and King Wu of Zhou had only a hundred li of territory but successfully won the entire China; however, corrupted King Jie of Xia and King Zhou of Shang, although they had the crown, but eventually end up failed and killed. Now the territory of Chu might be narrow, but we still have several thousands li, that’s much more than a hundred li which King Tang and King Wu had.
“臣听说过去商汤王和周武王，依靠百里土地，而使天下昌盛，而夏桀王和殷纣王，虽然拥有天下，到头来终不免身死亡国。现在楚国土地虽然狭小，然而如果截长补短，还能有数千里，岂止100里而已？
As long as a king trusts the right individuals and brings together his people, he has the power to reclaim what was once his and repel the enemy.”
只要一个国王正确的人并团结他的人民，他就有力量收回曾经属于他的一切并击退敌人。
Hearing his confident and encouraging words, King Xiang of Chu decided to heed Zhuang Xin’s advice and take action. He got rid of the no good slackers and replaced them with skillful and trustworthy men. He assigned Zhuang Xin to run the state. Soon, Xin helped the King banish the enemy from his land.
楚襄王听了他充满信心和鼓励的话，决定听从庄辛的建议，采取行动。他除掉了那些不称职的官员，用有技能、值得信赖的人取而代之。他指派庄辛管理国家。不久，庄辛帮助楚襄王收回了失地。
The idiom “Mend the fence after a sheep is lost” has developed from Zhuang Xin’s answer to the king.
成语的“亡羊补牢”是由《庄辛说楚襄王》演化而来的。
This idiom reminds us that it is never too late to try to do something to mend things, even if the damage has already been done. Instead of crying over our lost sheep, even at a time of misfortune, we should think about what we can do to ensure a better future – to mend the fence in order to prevent the same mischance from occurring again.
这个成语告诉我们，即使伤害已经造成，尝试做些事情来弥补也不算太晚。即使在不幸的时候，我们也不应该为失去的羊哭泣，而是应该想想我们可以做些什么来确保更美好的未来---亡羊补牢，为时未晚。
战国策 楚策刘向
见兔而顾犬，
未为晚也;
亡羊而补牢，
未为迟也。
小测验
根据首字母句意或用括号内单词适当形式填空。
In the past, there was a man who kept thirty sheep.
One morning, he discovered that one sheep was missing. Where had it gone Upon examination, he found that his fold 1______ (damage) . During the night a wolf had broken into the fold and devoured the sheep.　　
His friend said to him:"You had better 2._____(mend) the fold quickly."
He said:"The sheep had already been devoured by the wolf. What is the use of mending the fold "
He did not listen to his friend"s 3.a_____.
The following morning, he discovered that during the night the wolf had again broken into the fold and devoured 4.a_____ sheep. Not until then did he 5._______(realize) that his friend was right.
Consequently, he mended the fold at once, and thereafter no more sheep were devoured by the wolf.
点击题号，核对答案
1
was damaged
2
mend
3
advice
4
another
5
realize
（二）中华传统文化双语阅读--成语故事《千里送鹅毛》Walk 1000 li and present a swan feather
中华成语故事
To walk a thousand li and present a swan feather
The story was widely cited （引用）and recorded along the history by various scholars. There are many versions about where the swan and the messenger were from. The following version is recorded in the Road History by the Great Artist and Writer Xu Wei of Ming Dynasty.
During the Zhenguan Era of Tang dynasty, Huihe（回纥族） in the Xiyu was a vassal（藩属） state of Tang Dynasty. It was customary for local officials to show their friendship and respect to the emperor of Tang by giving him wonderful presents. Once, Huihe sent a man named Mian Bogao（缅伯高） to bring lots of rare jewelries and treasures to the emperor. Among these presents, the most precious were two swans.
On his way to the distant capital, Mian worried a lot about the two swans. He personally did the feeding and watering, dared not to neglect（疏漏） a moment.
One day, he came upon a lake. He had this brilliant idea to put the swans into the water for a swim. This way, they could rid（洗净） themselves of the dirt and grime that have clung to them on their long trip. Besides, he was sure the emperor would appreciate two white swans more than the dirty ones he now had.
But as soon as Mian set the birds down on the water, the ungrateful（忘恩负义的） swans flew away and was soon lost from his sight. Only a few feathers remained on the shore. Mian was so distressed and wondered what he would now present to the emperor and how he could report to the Huihe King. After thinking, Mian decided to continue the mission（使命） to the east. He took out a clean white silk cloth and carefully wrapped the swan feather, and wrote a poet on the cloth:
Present swans to Tang Dynasty,
Mountains are high and roads are far.
Lost the treasure at Mianyang Lake,
The friendship of Uighur could never give up.
Your highness, the emperor of Tang,
please punish guilty Mian Bogao.
Gift is light, but the respect is genuine,
to walk a thousand li to present a swan feather.
路史
明 ·徐渭
将鹅送唐朝，山高路远遥；
沔阳湖失去，倒地哭号号；
上覆唐天子，可饶缅伯高；
礼轻人意重，千里送鹅毛。
When he arrived at the palace, he saw that the emperor was surrounded by messengers who were presenting him with gift after marvelous gift. When his turn came, Mian offered the cloth wrap with a single swan’s feather and his poem to the emperor.
The Emperor read the poem, and heard Mian’s story. He not only did not blame him, but also was impressed by Mian’s honesty and loyalty to fulfill his mission. So the Emperor rewarded him heavily.
From then on, this story spread and is passed on as a proverb that means: although a gift might be inexpensive or light, it means a deep thought that truly matters.
路史明徐渭
将鹅送唐朝，山高路远遥；沔阳湖失去，倒地哭号号；上覆唐天子，可饶缅伯高；礼轻人意重，千里送鹅毛。
小测验
完形填空
During the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago, people had to send gifts to the emperor(皇帝). Once, a man called Mian __1__ to take some swans(鹅) in cages to the emperor.__2__ he was passing a lake, he found that the swans were hot and dirty. He wanted to let the swans loose so they _3__ have a bath in the lake.___4__the swans flew away as soon as they were let out. Only a few feathers(羽毛) were left. __5_ frightened the man was when he saw that. Suddenly, he got__6___idea. He picked up a feather from the ground and left for the capital.
1
A.was asked
C.were asked
B.asks
D.was asking
2
A.Before
C.Until
B.After
D.When
3
A.should
C.need
B.may
D.could
4
A.And
C.But
B.So
D.Though
5
A.What
C.What a
B.How
D.How an
6
A./
C.a
B.an
D.the
The emperorwas accepting valuable gifts from officials. Everyone was surprised when Mian __7__ his feather. Mian then began to sing, “I’ve come a thousand li__8__ you the gift. But I lost my swans at a lake. My gift is not _9_, but my love and respect for you are true.” The emperor was pleased at Mian’s wit(智慧). Instead __10___punishing him, he gave him a big reward.
7
A.present
C.has presented
B.was presented
D.presented
8
A.sending
C.to send
B.sent
D.send
9
A.heavier
C.heavily
B.heaviest
D.heavy
10
A.of
C.with
B.in
D.to
People then drew the idiom（典故）“a swan feather sent from a thousand li away.”
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述在唐朝时，一个叫做冕的人给皇帝送天鹅作为礼物，在路过一条河时，他让天鹅去洗澡，但是天鹅在洗澡的时候逃跑了，他只能带着鹅毛去见皇帝，并向皇帝表达了千里送鹅毛的诚意，他的诚意得到了皇帝的赏赐。
【1】句意“一次，一个叫做冕的人被要求带一些笼子里的天鹅给皇上”。
本题考查时态语态。A.一般过去时的被动语态；B.一般现在时；C.一般过去时的被动语态；D.过去进行时。根据全文可知，用过去时，排除B，且主语Mian与谓语ask之间为被动，排除D；主语Mian为单数，用was asked，故选A。
【2】句意“当他正经过一个湖时，他发现天鹅又热又脏”。
本题考查连词辨析。A.在……之前（引导时间状语从句）；B.在……之后（引导时间状语从句）；C.直到（引导时间状语从句）；D.当……时候（引导时间状语从句）。根据句意可知，译为“当他正经过一条河时”，故选D。
【3】句意“他想让天鹅自由自在，所以他们能够在河里洗澡”。
本题考查情态动词。A.应该（表示责任义务）；B.可能，也许（表示推测）；C.需要；D.能（表示过去的能力）。根据句意可知，表示冕将天鹅松绑，为的是让他们能够在河里洗澡。根据全文可知，是一般过去时，表示过去的能力。故选D。
【4】句意“但是当他们一被放开，他们就飞走了”。
本题考查连词辨析。A.和（表示并列和顺承）；B.所以（表示因果）；C.但是（表示转折）；D.尽管（表示让步）。根据He wanted to let the swans loose so they ___3___ have a bath in the lake“他想让天鹅自由自在，所以他们能够在河里洗澡”可知，他想让天鹅洗澡，但是天鹅飞走了，表示转折，故选C。
【5】句意“当他看到这一切的时候，他是多么地害怕啊”。
本题考查感叹句。What+a/an+adj+n（可数名词单数）+主谓；What+adj+n（可数名词复数或不可数名词）+主谓；How+adj/adv+主谓。形容词frightened后没有被修饰的名词，用“how+adj+主语+谓语”形式，故选B。
【6】句意“突然，他想到了一个主意”。
本题考查冠词辨析。A.零冠词；B.一个，不定冠词，后接元音音素开头的单词；C.一个，不定冠词，后接辅音音素开头的单词；D.定冠词，表示特指。根据句意可知，译为“一个主意”，用不定冠词，排除A和D。且idea为元音音素开头，用an，故选B。
【7】句意“当冕赠送他的羽毛时，每个人都很吃惊”。
本题考查时态语态。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时的被动语态；C.现在完成时；D.一般过去时。主语Mian与谓语present之间为主动形式，排除B；且根据空前was可知，用一般过去时，故选D。
【8】句意“我千里迢迢来送给你礼物”。
根据句意可知，我不远万里赶来的目的是为了送给你礼物。表示目的。to do表示目的，故选C。
【9】句意“我的礼物不沉，但是我对你的爱和尊敬是真的”。
本题考查形容词的比较等级。A.形容词原级；B.最高级；C.副词原级；D.形容词原级。根据空前is可知，空处作表语，用形容词，排除C；且根据true可知，用原级，故选D。
【10】句意“皇上给了他很大的奖励而不是惩罚”。
本题考查介词辨析。A.……的，表示所属；B.在……里；C.和，带有；D.到。根据句意可知，译为“而不是惩罚他”。instead of而不是，故选A。

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