上海市大境中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题(原卷板+解析版)

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上海市大境中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题(原卷板+解析版)

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上海市大境中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
(100分钟内完成, 总分120分)
第Ⅰ卷
I. Listening Comprehension 25%
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.
C. Husband and wife. D. Mother and son.
2. A. A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.
3. A. He enjoys eating it. B. He cares little for it.
C. He prefers fried seafood. D. He doesn’t want to taste it.
4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.
B. It’s the woman’s favourite shopping mall.
C. It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.
D. It’s the cheapest shopping mall nearby.
5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’style.
B. The woman is most probably pregnant.
C. The woman doesn’t like the new family member.
D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.
6. A. It is the only property she has. B. Her father asked her not to sell it.
C. She inherited it from his father. D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.
7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.
B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.
C. Cle ar up the kitchen right now.
D. Stop the water from running immediately.
8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring cash.
C. She failed to attend the concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount.
9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.
C. Put the material in order. D. Start typing the paper.
10 A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.
B. The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.
C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.
D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions II through I3 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She wrote several books. B. She managed a farm.
C. She was a business woman. D. She worked as a nurse.
12. A. 101 years. B.76 years. C.25 years. D.22 years.
13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.
C. A great American artist. D. The secret of living longer.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.
B. To give full attention to the driving.
C. To avoid being caught by the police.
D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.
15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall. C. In a bathroom. D. At a concert.
16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.
B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.
C. By attending classical concerts frequently.
D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Inquiring about the details of a trade fair.
B. Booking rooms at a hotel.
C. Complaining about the hotel room service.
D. Giving suggestions on receiving guests.
18. A. It’s a busy season for international tourism.
B. There aren’t many hotels available in the city.
C. An important economic event will occur.
D. There is a big conference to be held.
19. A. For five days altogether. B. From Dec.11th to Dec. 13th.
C. From morning to night on Dec.15th. D. A whole day on the fourth day of their stay.
20. A. The woman wants to reserve rooms either on the 1st or 6th floor.
B. The woman has to pay 1200 dollars for all the rooms she has booked.
C. Whether the rooms are accessible by wheelchair will affect the woman’s choice.
D. Twelve people are most likely to attend the conference to be held on Dec.13th.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
New Drug Slows Alzheimer, But Not a Cure
What a good piece of news! Last week, United States health officials finally ___1___ (approve) a new Alzheimer drug after enormous clinical trials. The drug, called Leqembi, is the first to slow the decline in memory by several months.
The Alzheimer’s Association describes Alzheimer ___2___ a brain disease that causes a decline in memory, thinking and reasoning skills. One of the most common signs of Alzheimer’s disease is forgetting recently ___3___ (learn) information or dates and events. People with the disease have difficulty doing ___4___ they did before. Some may struggle with joining or following a discussion.
The newly approved Leqembi is a long-needed new treatment for the disease. But Dr. Joy Snider, ___5___ is a brain doctor at Washington University in St. Louis, warns that the drug isn’t a cure. It doesn’t stop people ___6___ (get) worse, but it does measurably slow the progression of the disease. She added. “That might mean someone ___7___ have an extra six months to a year of being able to drive.”
The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug through a speedier-than-usual process, which permits drugs ___8___ (launch) based on early results. The drug is only for early-stage patients and requires an injection by healthcare workers every two weeks. It is not yet clear ___9___ the drug can help people with the disease. There are also concerns about its safety. “Still, it’s a landmark.” said Dr. Richard Hodes, director of the National Institute on Aging. “It’s not enough, but it’s ____10____ (encourage) that there’s something we can do,” he added.
【答案】1. approved
2. as 3. learned
4. what 5. who
6. getting 7. could
8. to be launched
9. whether 10. encouraging
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。上周,经过大量临床试验,美国卫生官员最终批准了一种新的阿尔茨海默氏症药Leqembi,这种药物是首个能够减缓记忆衰退数月的药物。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意:上周,经过大量临床试验,美国卫生官员终于批准了一种新型阿尔茨海默病药物。根据时间状语Last week可知,谓语动词approve使用一般过去时,因此应该使用动词的过去式approved。故填approved。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意:阿尔茨海默病协会将阿尔茨海默病描述为一种导致记忆力、思维和推理能力下降的脑部疾病。根据句意可知,应该使用介词as,表示“作为”,构成describe…as结构。故填as。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意:阿尔茨海默病最常见的症状之一是忘记最近学到的信息或日期和事件。形容词learned(学到的)作定语,修饰名词information,表示“最近学到的信息”。故填learned。
【4题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:患有这种疾病的人很难像以前那样做。该空引导宾语从句,且在从句中作did的宾语,指代事物,用连接代词what。故填what。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:但圣路易斯华盛顿大学的脑科医生Joy Snider博士警告说,这种药物并不能治愈疾病。该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Dr. Joy Snider,指人,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who。故填who。
【6题详解】
考查动名词。句意:它并不能阻止人们病情恶化,但它确实显著减缓了疾病的进展。stop sb. (from) doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)。故填getting。
【7题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:这可能意味着一个人可以多开六个月到一年的车。空处表达了一种可能性,即某人可能会有更长的时间来驾驶,情态动词could最为合适。故填could。
【8题详解】
考查不定式的被动。句意:美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)通过比平时更快的程序批准了该药物,该程序允许基于早期结果上市药物。permit sth. to do sth.(允许某人做某事),drugs和launch是逻辑被动关系,launch用不定式的被动(to be done)。故填to be launched。
【9题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:目前还不清楚这种药物是否能帮助这种疾病的患者。形式主语是it,该空引导主语从句,从句结构完整、不缺成分,缺意义“是否”,用连接词whether。故填whether。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意:“这还不够,但令人鼓舞的是,我们可以做一些事情,”他补充道。主语讲的是事物,用说明物的-ing形容词encouraging(令人鼓舞的)作表语。故填encouraging。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. present B. motivation C. desire D. creative AB. awarded AC. explore AD. applications BC. approach BD. reduction CD. currently ABC. severe
Google Science Fair launched in 2011 as a way to challenge students around the globe to figure out solutions to some of the world’s largest problems, and this year’s winner focused on a problem we’re still wrapping our arms around: microplastics. Fionn Ferreira, an 18-year-old Irish student, earned the $50,000 prize through a simple___11___to help the planet. He was one of 24 finalists from 14 countries who went to Google headquarters to___12___their projects. Ferreira from West Cork, Ireland, developed a novel ___13___ to extracting (萃取) microplastics from water, with the greater goal of creating a method to clean our oceans.
You can explore Ferreira’s science fair project at the Google Science Fair project page. Beyond the science, it explains his___14___for the project, which stems from growing up near the coast and his love of nature. He tested 10 different types of microplastic suspensions and found that he could remove 85% or more of the microplastic contents in his samples. Ultimately, a(n) ___15___ in the amount of plastic the world uses on a daily basis is the best solution, but this project proves there are new, ___16___ways to clean the water we’ve already polluted.
Lawmakers in Ireland ___17___ have plans to introduce legislation that will outlaw the sale, manufacturing, import and export of products containing microplastics. For his efforts, Ferreira was ___18___$50,000 in scholarship money. He would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering in Ireland or in Europe. He currently works as a curator at the local Schull Planetarium, is fluent in three languages, is a skilled trumpet player,and has won 12 science fair awards.
As he described in his project page, it’s the next step of the process that opens doors: ”… winning a prize would give my project more attention and let it grow with mentorship to solve a real problem on the Earth. There is nothing I would like to see more than my project and idea to be used in real life ___19___ and I think a prize could do this.“
For any young scientists itching to ____20____their own idea, your chance will come. The project submission window typically runs for a couple of months starting in September and ending in December. And as this year’s callout to young scientists reminds us, every great idea starts somewhere.
【答案】11. C 12. A
13. BC 14. B
15. BD 16. D
17. CD 18. AB
19. AD 20. AC
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍一名爱尔兰少年用他的项目——去除水中的塑料微粒,赢得了谷歌科学博览会奖金,
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意:18岁的爱尔兰学生菲昂·费雷拉(Fionn Ferreira)凭借一个帮助地球的简单愿望赢得了5万美元的奖金。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数,根据句意可知是desire,意为“愿望”,故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意:他是来自14个国家的24名决赛选手之一,他们前往谷歌总部展示他们的项目。设空处接在不定式to后,应用动词原形,根据句意可知是present,意为“呈现,展示”,故选A。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意:来自爱尔兰西科克的费雷拉开发了一种从水中提取微塑料的新方法,其更大的目标是创造一种清洁海洋的方法。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数,根据句意可知是approach,意为“方法”,故选BC。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意:除了科学,这也解释了他做这个项目的动机,这源于他在海岸附近长大,以及他对大自然的热爱。设空处前有his修饰,应用名词,根据句意可知是motivation,意为“动机”,故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意:最终,减少世界上每天使用的塑料量是最好的解决方案,但这个项目证明,有新的、创造性的方法来清洁我们已经污染的水。设空处前有a(n)修饰,应用名词单数,根据句意可知是reduction,意为“减少”,故选BD。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意:同上。设空处修饰名词ways,应用形容词,根据句意可知是creative,意为“创造性的”,故选D。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意:爱尔兰立法者目前计划立法,禁止销售、制造、进口和出口含有微塑料的产品。设空处修饰后面的动词,应用副词作状语,根据句意可知是currently,意为“目前”,故选CD。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意:由于他的努力,费雷拉获得了5万美元的奖学金。分析可知,设空处和was构成一般过去时的被动语态,应用过去分词awarded,意为“奖励”,故选AB。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意:没有什么比我的项目和想法在现实生活中应用更让我想看到的了,我认为一个奖项可以做到这一点。设空处作介词in的宾语,应用名词,根据句意可知是applications,意为“应用”,故选AD。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意:对于任何渴望探索自己想法的年轻科学家来说,你的机会来了。设空处接在不定式to后,应用动词原形,根据句意可知是explore,意为“探索”,故选AC。
III. Reading Comprehension 45%
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients.
The current way that the UK and most other countries ___21___ the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also ___22___ that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the ___23___ and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency.
___24___about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has ___25___ this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are ___26___ to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods.
On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations ___27___ the proposed system. “We___28___need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF___29___ products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in ____30____ and in safety,” he said.
Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people____31____their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be____32____ include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel.
But Van Tulleken says that the evidence ____33____UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The ____34____of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel____35____until long after you’ve finished.
21. A. analyze B. assess C. confirm D. estimate
22. A. complained B. suspected C. warned D. threatened
23. A. authority B. expert C. experiment D. science
24. A. Concerns B. Challenges C. Questions D. Issues
25. A. come into being B. come into focus C. sprung up D. made sense
26. A. advised B. discouraged C. required D. forbidden
27. A. justified B. approved C. supported D. rejected
28. A. absolutely B. occasionally C. typically D. primarily
29. A. accepts B. excludes C. includes D. conclude
30. A. popularity B. nutrition C. use D. production
31. A. reduce B. increase C. balance D. calculate
32. A. essential B. beneficial C. influential D. artificial
33. A. for B. beyond C. against D. from
34. A. evolution B. transformation C. construction D. destruction
35. A. full B. satisfied C. refreshed D. delighted
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文,专家指出超加工食品不总是不健康的,研究人员指出超加工食品既有优点又有缺点,人们应该理性看待。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:一组科学家说,目前英国和大多数其他国家评估食物营养价值的方法——通常是根据它们含有多少脂肪、盐、糖和卡路里——仍然是实现健康饮食的最佳方法。A. analyze分析;B. assess评估;C. confirm证实;D. estimate估计。根据“which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain”可知,这是大多数国家评估食物营养价值的方法。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们还警告说,不吃所有超加工食品的人可能会使他们的饮食更不健康,例如,如果他们不吃酸奶、低脂酱、全麦面包和谷物制成的食物。A. complained抱怨;B. suspected怀疑;C. warned警告;D. threatened威胁。根据“that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy”可知,科学家们还警告说,如果不吃所有的加工食品会导致饮食不健康。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:英国食品标准局(Food Standards Agency)首席科学顾问罗宾 梅(Robin May)表示:“我们需要以科学为导向,而不是下意识地把所有超加工食品都一视同仁。”A. authority权威;B. expert专家;C. experiment实验;D. science科学。根据“not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same”可知,梅表示,我们不能一刀切,要根据科学判断食物的营养价值。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们对加工食品的担忧一直在增加,但目前还不清楚它们是否有什么独特的坏处,还是它们只是脂肪和糖等物质含量更高。A. Concerns担忧;B. Challenges挑战;C. Questions问题;D. Issues议题。根据“about processed foods have been growing”可知,人们对于加工食物的担忧一直在增加。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:自从医生兼电视节目主持人克里斯·范·图勒肯出版了一本名为《超加工人群:为什么我们都吃不是食物的东西……》的书以来,这个问题今年成为了人们关注的焦点:为什么我们不能停止?A. come into being产生;B. come into focus变得清晰,成为关注;C. sprung up大量涌现;D. made sense有意义。根据前文“___4___about processed foods have been growing”可知,对于加工食品的关注一直在增长。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:克里斯·范·图勒肯呼吁更多国家采用巴西首创的饮食指南,建议人们优先食用天然食物和自制食物,避免食用工厂生产的食品。A. advised建议;B. discouraged使泄气;C. required需要,要求;D. forbidden禁止。根据“to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods”及“adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil”可知,在巴西,人们被建议优先食用天然食物和自制食物,避免食用工厂生产的食品。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:9月27日,营养组织的研究人员拒绝了这一提议。A. justified证明…正确,为……辩护;B. approved赞同;C. supported支持;D. rejected拒绝。根据“We___8___need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world”可知,研究人员拒绝了上文提到了只食用天然食物的提议。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:英国营养基金会成员、英国利兹大学的梅说:“我们绝对需要加工食品,这样我们才能养活世界。”A. absolutely完全地,绝对地;B. occasionally偶然;C. typically典型地,通常;D. primarily主要地。根据“so that we can feed the world”可知,加工食品是绝对需要的,很多人需要吃它。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:梅还说,超加工食品包括健康和不健康的产品。A. accepts接受;B. excludes排除;C. includes包括;D. conclude断定。根据“products that are both healthy and unhealthy”可知,超加工食品也包含健康和不健康两种食物。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:“重要的是,我们不能把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。有许多成分在营养和安全方面发挥着非常重要的作用,”他说。A. popularity流行;B. nutrition营养;C. use使用;D. production生产。根据“There are many components that have a very important role to play in ___10___ and in safety”可推知,超加工食物的成分有一些也是营养性很高的。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:梅说,食品加工的好处包括使用防腐剂,使食物保存得更久,使用人工甜味剂,帮助人们减少糖的摄入量。A. reduce减少;B. increase增加;C. balance平衡;D. calculate计算。根据“artificial sweeteners that help people___11___their sugar intake”可知,加工食物中的甜味剂能减少人们对于糖的摄入。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:该小组表示,其他有益的加工食品包括婴儿食品、婴儿配方奶粉和添加维生素和矿物质的面包。A. essential必要的;B. beneficial有益的;C. influential有影响的;D. artificial人工的。根据“baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals”可知,这些是有益的超加工食物的例子。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意:但范·图勒肯表示,反对超加工食品的证据很充分。A. for赞同;B. beyond超越;C. against靠着,反对;D. from来自。根据后文“There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body”可知,有很多反对超加工食品的证据。选项C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:工业加工对食品结构的破坏意味着超加工食品通常是软的。A. evolution进化;B. transformation变化;C. construction建设;D. destruction摧毁,破坏。根据“by industrial processing”可知,工业加工会破坏食物原本结构。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这意味着你吃得很快,这意味着你每分钟摄入更多的卡路里,直到你吃完很久才觉得饱。A. full饱的;B. satisfied满足的;C. refreshed恢复精神的;D. delighted高兴的。根据“means that UPF is, in general, soft”及“until long after you’ve finished”可知,由于加工食物很软,所以会吃较快,当全部吃完后,才会有饱腹感。故选A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
A
Every Saturday morning, as the clock strikes 9 am, over 50,000 eager runners set off on a 5k m journey around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon, which originally began as a small gathering among a group of friends, has now boosted 400 events across the UK and numerous others globally. These events, fueled by the dedication of thousands of volunteers, offer a free and inclusive opportunity for individuals of all ages and abilities to participate. Runners range from four-year-olds to grandparents whose finishing times vary greatly, spanning from Andrew Baddeley’s world record of 13 minutes and 48 seconds to leisurely strolls lasting over an hour.
Parkru n is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympics would be held in London. Planning documents promised that the lasting legacy of the Games would be to move a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. This obviously has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2m illion in the run-up to 2012, but the general population had already been growing faster than this number. Worse yet, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have been nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children alike. Official retrospections (回顾) continue to speculate as to why London 2012failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Parkrun can offer us some answers.
Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Its concept welcomes everybody. There is as much joy for a puffed-out (上气不接下气) first-timer being clapped over the line as there is for the sport’s top talent. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was off-putting to newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little weird in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be in getting involved in providing common public goods - making sure that there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments are to blame for selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
36. What does the first paragraph reveal about Parkrun
A. It has created numerous employment opportunities.
B. It has gained increasing popularity worldwide.
C. It has promoted stronger community ties.
D. It has gained official recognition as an official festival.
37. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to ______.
A. stimulate population growth B. promote engagement in sports
C. improve the city’s reputation D. extend sport hours in schools
38. Parkrun differs from the Olympic Games in that it______.
A. aims to discover new talent
B. prioritizes mass competition
C. doesn’t stress athletic excellence
D. isn’t intended for first-timers
39. Regarding the promotion of sports participation, the author suggests that governments should______.
A. organize “grassroots” sporting events
B. supervise local sports associations
C. increase the funding for sports clubs
D. invest in public sports facilities
【答案】36. B 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在越来越多喜欢绕着公园进行公园跑步以起到运动和锻炼身体的目的,同时政府也应该加大与运动有关的基础设施建设以鼓励全民运动
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Every Saturday morning, as the clock strikes 9 am, over 50,000 eager runners set off on a 5k m journey around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon, which originally began as a small gathering among a group of friends, has now boosted 400 events across the UK and numerous others globally.( 每周六早上,当时钟敲9点时,超过5万名热心的跑步者开始围绕当地公园进行5公里的跑步。Parkru现象最初是一群朋友之间的小型聚会,现在已经在英国和全球其他地方推动了400场活动。)”可知,公园跑步广受欢迎。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. (在2012年之前,每周参加体育运动的成年人数量确实增加了近200万,但普通人口的增长速度更快。更糟糕的是,这些数字现在正以加速的速度下降。反对派声称,小学生每周至少运动两小时的时间几乎减少了一半。成年人和儿童的肥胖率有所上升。官方继续回顾2012年伦敦奥运会为何未能“激励一代人”)”可推知,作者认为伦敦奥运会并没有推动大众对体育运动的参与度。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. (公园跑步不是一场比赛,而是一场计时赛:你唯一的竞争对手是时钟)”以及“The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.(相比之下,奥运会申办者希望吸引更多的人参加体育运动,培养更多的精英运动员)”可知,公园跑步与奥运会的不同之处是不强调运动能力,而是挑战和超越自我。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods-making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. (如果政府发挥作用,它真的应该参与提供公共物品,确保有场地和资金铺设网球场和无网球场,并鼓励在学校提供所有这些活动)”可知,就全民运动而言,作者认为政府应该加大与运动有关的基础设施的投入。故选D。
B
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To: inquiry@businessaudioprocom
From: j.annesly@
Date: June 25
Subject: Request
I found your notice in the newspaper and wish to use your services for my data-processing and transcription business. I am looking specifically for a professionally recorded voicemail greeting intended for my clients, and I wonder if you would be available to write and record this for me, and how soon. Since I work with English-and Spanish-speaking clients, I would like the message to be recorded in both languages. Please reach out to me at my mobile phone between the hours of 10:00 A M. and 5:00 P M. I hope to hear from you soon, Thank you. Jody Annesly Annesly Data 512-555-6879(mobile) 342 Maymill Road. Fort Worth. TX 70609
40. From what is mentioned above, we can learn that Business Audio Pro.
A. is always ready to answer customers’ phone calls
B. has its professional services advertised in the newspaper
C. provides voice samples and estimated prices on its website
D. fills orders in three days’time to meet customers’ specific needs
41. What services does Ms. Annesly request from Business Audio Pro
① Professional voice talent ② On-hold messages
③ Customized script writing ④ Multilingual Voice production
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
42 Who is Ms. Annesly most likely to be
A. A business owner. B. A data collector.
C. A sales assistant. D. A customer service specialist.
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是一家服务公司的广告,称自己可以为客户录制个性化电话录音,以提升公司形象,及一个客户发送的邮件要求得到相应服务。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分客户的email部分“I found your notice in the newspaper and wish to use your services for my data-processing and transcription business. (我在报纸上看到了您的广告,希望使用您的服务为我的数据处理和转录业务)”可知,Ms. Annesly看到了该公司的广告;由此可知,Business Audio Pro为其专业服务打了广告。故选B项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据根据第二部分客户的email部分“I am looking specifically for a professionally recorded voicemail greeting intended for my clients, and I wonder if you would be available to write and record this for me, and how soon. Since I work with English-and Spanish-speaking clients, I would like the message to be recorded in both languages. (我在报纸上看到了您的通知,希望使用您的服务为我的数据处理和转录业务,我正在寻找专门为我的客户录制的专业语音邮件问候语,我想知道您是否可以为我编写和录制,以及多久。由于我与讲英语和西班牙语的客户合作,我希望这条信息用两种语言录制)”可知,Ms. Annesly请这家公司为她自己的生意编写并录制专业语音邮件问候语,并要求多种语言制作。故选D项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二部分客户的email部分“I found your notice in the newspaper and wish to use your services for my data-processing and transcription business. (我在报纸上看到了您的广告,希望使用您的服务为我的数据处理和转录业务,我正在寻找专门为我的客户录制的专业语音邮件问候语)”中my data-processing and transcription business及最后公司的名字Annesly Data推知,Ms. Annesly是一位企业主。故选A项。
C
The first official tests of driverless cars were carried out in the UK today, as the country roars ahead with plans to become a world leader in driverless technology. The UK government is providing 19 million worth of funding for the Lutz Pathfinder prototype pod, designed and built by Coventry-based engineering firm RDM Group. Today’s tests were carried out with four driverless cars in four separate UK locations: Coventry, Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Bristol. It is an initiative that the government hopes will eventually result in safer and less-congested roads and keep the UK at the cutting edge of automotive technology.
David Cameron tweeted his satisfaction with the unveilings:
The vehicle works by the passenger selecting a programmed route on a touchpad, which the car then travels using radar, cameras, light detection and ultrasonic sensors.
But while the cars, some patriotically emblazoned with the Union Jack flag, may look impressive, the UK government will have to review its road regulations before the robot cars can be let loose on Britain’s highways.
The UK has signed the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which states that drivers “shall at all times control their vehicles.” Germany, Italy and France in particular are currently attempting to abolish the legislation.
While the UK government argues that there is no legislative barrier to testing the cars, it has come under pressure from motoring groups like the RAC to provide robust safety regulations, particularly concerning the question of who would be responsible in the instance of a car crash if a driverless vehicle’s computer failed.
Professor Stephen Glaister, director of the RAC Foundation said:“Alongside the high-tech innovation you need policy decisions on long-term, low-tech matters such as who takes responsibility if things go wrong. As and when these vehicles become common place there is likely to be a shift from personal to product liability and that is a whole new ball game for insurers and manufacturers.”
Other European countries could be quick to follow in the UK’s footsteps. The German transport minister said earlier this month that driverless cars would be a common sight on the country’s roads in the next few years although it too will have to tighten up legal regulations first.
However, as governments grapple with complex laws and regulations, not everyone is convinced that these robot cars will be a welcome addition on European roads. A survey conducted by Uswitch found that 43% of UKadults do not trust driverless cars to ensure the safety of passengers, while 16% said they were“horrified”by the entire concept of not having a human at the helm.
43. According to the first two paragraphs, the motives for testing driverless cars do not include______.
A. road safety B. fewer traffic-jams
C. advanced technology D. good national image
44. Before the cars can drive on Britain’s roads, the government must______.
A. build a specific road B. select a certain route
C. adjust road regulations D. launch specific satellites
45. According to the passage, the flexibility of driverless cars is not mature because______.
A. laws and policy-decisions haven’t stated responsibilities clearly
B. the technology in others countries haven’t developed as well as the UK
C. most people would not like the idea of having no human control the car
D. the problem of how to prevent car crash hasn’t been solved
46. According to the passage, driverless cars would probably bring the following changes to society except______
A. cars driven by human beings would be washed out gradually
B. insurers would not take responsibility of car crashes
C. automotive technology would make travelling safer and more convenient
D. guidance system in cars would be well developed and more intelligent
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. A 46. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了英国首次官方无人驾驶汽车的测试,政府的资助,以及无人驾驶汽车带来的潜在变化和挑战。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The UK government is providing 19 million worth of funding for the Lutz Pathfinder prototype pod... It is an initiative that the government hopes will eventually result in safer and less-congested roads and keep the UK at the cutting edge of automotive technology.(英国政府为Lutz Pathfinder原型舱提供价值1900万英镑的资金……这是一项政府希望最终能够带来更安全、更少拥堵的道路,并保持英国在汽车技术前沿的倡议。)”可知,英国政府资助无人驾驶汽车的测试是为了推动技术发展、实现更安全和更少拥堵的道路,而不是为了塑造良好的国家形象。故选D项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“the UK government will have to review its road regulations before the robot cars can be let loose on Britain’s highways.(但英国政府将不得不在机器人汽车在英国的高速公路上放松之前,重新检查它的道路规则。)”可知,在无人驾驶汽车可以在英国道路上行驶之前,需要调整道路法规。故选C项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The German transport minister said earlier this month that driverless cars would be a common sight on the country’s roads in the next few years, although it too will have to tighten up legal regulations first.(德国交通部长本月早些时候表示,未来几年,无人驾驶汽车将在德国的道路上随处可见,尽管德国也必须首先加强法律法规。)”可知,无人驾驶汽车的灵活性尚未成熟,主要是因为相关的法律和政策决策尚未明确责任。故选A项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A survey conducted by Uswitch found that 43% of UK adults do not trust driverless cars to ensure the safety of passengers, while 16% said they were 'horrified' by the entire concept of not having a human at the helm.(Uswitch进行的一项调查发现,43%的英国成年人不信任无人驾驶汽车能保证乘客的安全,而16%的人对没有人类掌控的整个概念感到“恐惧”。)”可知,很多人都不相信自动驾驶技术,这说明很大程度上人们还是要依赖人类驾驶员来开车的,人类驾驶的汽车短时间内不会被淘汰,故选A项。
SectionC
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. ____47____
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
____48____ They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. ____49____ The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. ____50____
A. Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks.
B. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
C. One line should be large trees.
D. But here is something interesting about windbreaks.
E. Then the soil will be washed away.
F. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. C 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防风林的作用和特点。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants.(防风林是由树木和其他植物形成的屏障)”可知,上文提到了防风林的概念,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文。选项B“农民在田地周围种植这些障碍物”符合语境,介绍了防风林通常出现在哪儿,故选B。
【48题详解】
根据后文“They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.(当它们允许一些风穿过田地周围树木或植物的屏障时,它们似乎效果最好。如果不是,那么靠近地面的空气运动将抬升土壤。然后土壤就会被吹走)”可知,后文提到允许风穿过屏障的效果最好,可知是在介绍防风林原理的一些相关知识。故选项D“但这里有一些关于防风林的有趣之处”可以反映本段的主题,介绍一些关于防风林的有趣之处,故选D。
【49题详解】
根据上文“There should be at least two lines in each windbreak.(每个防风林至少要有两行)”以及后句后文“The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves.(第二行,就在它旁边,可以是较矮的树和其他有叶子的植物)”可知,上文提到防风林有两行,后文提到了第二行,可知本句是在说明第一行。故选项C“一行应该是大树”符合语境,介绍防风林的构成,故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture.(树木减少了风和雨的破坏性影响。它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。树木可以为农业提供另一种有价值的服务)”可知,本句承接上文,说明树木提供的另一种有价值的服务具体是什么。故选项F“它们可以为放牧动物提供遮阳处”可以承接上文,介绍树木的另一个作用,故选F。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations. They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’ s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than 110million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The charity shops are popular in Britain. Charity shops sell donated items at low prices and benefit good causes. The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947, and now there are over 7, 000 charity shops in the UK. Charity shops are staffed mainly by volunteers, and over 90% of goods are donated by the public. Charity shops raise millions for medical research, overseas aid, and supporting vulnerable groups.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍慈善商店在英国很受欢迎。慈善商店以低廉的价格出售捐赠的物品,为慈善事业造福。1947年乐施会开设了第一家慈善商店,现在英国有7000多家慈善商店。慈善商店的工作人员主要是志愿者,90%以上的商品是由公众捐赠的。慈善商店为医学研究、海外援助和支持弱势群体筹集了数百万美元。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street.
②The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam.
③Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public.
④The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work.
2. 缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组,将第2、4两个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
The charity shops are popular in Britain, which sell donated items at low prices and benefit good causes.
The first charity shop was set up by Oxfam in 1947, and now there are over 7, 000 charity shops in the UK.
Charity shops are staffed mainly by volunteers, and they receive over 90% of goods from the donations of the public.
Charity shops raise millions for the sake of medical research, overseas aid, and supporting vulnerable groups.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947, and now there are over 7, 000 charity shops in the UK. 运用一般过去时的被动语态和there be句型对第二段进行了概括。
【高分句型2】Charity shops are staffed mainly by volunteers, and over 90% of goods are donated by the public. 用一般现在时的被动语态和and连接的并列句对第三段进行了概括,表达非常高级。
第Ⅱ卷
I. Use of Phrases 5%
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the phrases in the box. Each phrase can be used only once.
stretch from... to...; be safe from; drop out of; on the horizon; impose…on…
52. To reduce air pollution effectively, the government has decided ________ a ceiling _______carbon emissions.
53. The world’s fastest marathon runner has threatened ________ the race because of pollution.
54. A variety of authors continue to contribute on topics that ______ mining ______ agriculture and forestry.
55. The sense of an extraterrestrial (外星球的) experience is heightened by a line of yellow lights twinkling __________.
56. At this point, unless someone is actively searching for your hidden process, you should__________ discovery.
【答案】52 ①. to impose ②. on
53. to drop out of
54. ①. stretch from ②. to
55. on the horizon
56. be safe from
【解析】
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词和短语。句意:为了有效地减少空气污染,政府决定对碳排放设定上限。decide to do sth意思为:决定做某事,结合句意,表示“在……上施加……”用impose on,此处impose a ceiling on表示“对……设置上限”。故填①to impose②on。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词和短语。句意:由于污染问题,世界上跑得最快的马拉松运动员威胁要退出比赛。threaten to do sth.意思为:威胁做某事,结合句意,表示“从……中退出”用drop out of。故填to drop out of。
【54题详解】
考查动词时态和短语。句意:各种各样的作者继续对从采矿到农业和林业的主题做出贡献。分析句子可知,that引导定语从句,空处1缺少谓语动词,结合mining和agriculture and forestry可知,此处表示“从……到”用stretch from... to...,句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,that指代topics为复数,动词stretch用原形。故填①stretch from②to。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语。句意:地平线上闪烁的黄色灯光增强了外星人体验的感觉。空处修饰twinkling,表示“地平线上”用on the horizon。故填on the horizon。
【56题详解】
考查短语。句意:在这一点上,除非有人积极地寻找您隐藏的进程,否则您应该不会被发现。should后搭配动词原形,结合句意,空处表示“免受……”用be safe from。故填be safe from。
II. Translation 15%
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
57. 所有的评论都应当与主题相关。(relevant) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
【答案】All comments should be relevant to the topic.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词固定用法。主语是“所有的评论”,翻译为all comments,其中comment是可数名词,被all修饰需要变成复数;谓语是“和……有关”,根据题目提示词,需要使用relevant的相关用法,可以翻译为be relevant to,前面加上情态动词should;宾语是“主题”,翻译为topic,此处为特指,应用定冠词修饰。故本句可翻译为All comments should be relevant to the topic.
58. 每个国家都必须抓住一切机会,加强与别国的经济联系。(grasp) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
【答案】Every country must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“每个国家”应用every country;表示“必须”应用must;表示“抓住一切机会”翻译为grasp every opportunity to do sth.;表示“加强与别国的经济联系”为 strengthen economic ties with other countries,不定式作后置定语。故翻译为Every country must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries.
59. 在科学研究领域,真正的科学家永远不会与外界隔绝,拒绝与他人合作。(isolate) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
【答案】In the field of scientific research, true scientists will never isolate themselves from the outside world and refuse to cooperate with others.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“在科学研究领域”应用in the field of scientific research;表示“真正的科学家”应用true scientists,作主语;表示“与……隔绝”短语为isolate oneself from,由副词never修饰;表示“外界”为the outside world;表示“拒绝与他人合作”翻译为refuse to cooperate with others。为一般将来时。故翻译为In the field of scientific research, true scientists will never isolate themselves from the outside world and refuse to cooperate with others.
60. 人们通常认为,那些具有高智商的人能在短时间内理解抽象的概念,作出区分,从而得出正确的结论。(believe) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
【答案】It is generally believed that people with high IQ can grasp abstract concepts, make distinctions and draw correct conclusions in a short time.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、动词(短语)、形容词和名词。描述一般事实,用一般现在时。“人们通常认为”用固定句型it is generally believed that,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句;从句中主语“具有高智商的人”译为people with high IQ,“能”用情态动词can,后接动词原形,“理解抽象的概念”译为动词短语grasp abstract concepts,“作出区分”译为动词短语make distinctions,“得出正确的结论”译为动词短语draw correct conclusions,“从而”表示顺承关系,应用连词and,“在短时间内”译为介词短语in a short time。故翻译为It is generally believed that people with high IQ can grasp abstract concepts, make distinctions and draw correct conclusions in a short time.上海市大境中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
(100分钟内完成, 总分120分)
第Ⅰ卷
I. Listening Comprehension 25%
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.
C. Husband and wife. D. Mother and son.
2. A. A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.
3. A. He enjoys eating it. B. He cares little for it.
C. He prefers fried seafood. D. He doesn’t want to taste it.
4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.
B. It’s the woman’s favourite shopping mall.
C. It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.
D. It’s the cheapest shopping mall nearby.
5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’style.
B. The woman is most probably pregnant.
C The woman doesn’t like the new family member.
D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.
6. A. It is the only property she has. B. Her father asked her not to sell it.
C. She inherited it from his father. D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.
7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.
B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.
C. Cle ar up the kitchen right now.
D. Stop the water from running immediately.
8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring cash.
C. She failed to attend the concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount.
9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.
C. Put the material in order. D. Start typing the paper.
10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.
B. The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.
C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.
D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions II through I3 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She wrote several books. B. She managed a farm.
C. She was a business woman. D. She worked as a nurse.
12. A. 101 years. B.76 years. C.25 years. D.22 years.
13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.
C A great American artist. D. The secret of living longer.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.
B. To give full attention to the driving.
C. To avoid being caught by the police.
D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.
15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall. C. In a bathroom. D. At a concert.
16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.
B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.
C. By attending classical concerts frequently.
D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Inquiring about the details of a trade fair.
B. Booking rooms at a hotel.
C. Complaining about the hotel room service.
D. Giving suggestions on receiving guests.
18. A. It’s a busy season for international tourism.
B. There aren’t many hotels available in the city.
C. An important economic event will occur.
D. There is a big conference to be held.
19. A. For five days altogether. B. From Dec.11th to Dec. 13th.
C. From morning to night on Dec.15th. D. A whole day on the fourth day of their stay.
20. A. The woman wants to reserve rooms either on the 1st or 6th floor.
B. The woman has to pay 1200 dollars for all the rooms she has booked.
C. Whether the rooms are accessible by wheelchair will affect the woman’s choice.
D. Twelve people are most likely to attend the conference to be held on Dec.13th.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
New Drug Slows Alzheimer, But Not a Cure
What a good piece of news! Last week, United States health officials finally ___1___ (approve) a new Alzheimer drug after enormous clinical trials. The drug, called Leqembi, is the first to slow the decline in memory by several months.
The Alzheimer’s Association describes Alzheimer ___2___ a brain disease that causes a decline in memory, thinking and reasoning skills. One of the most common signs of Alzheimer’s disease is forgetting recently ___3___ (learn) information or dates and events. People with the disease have difficulty doing ___4___ they did before. Some may struggle with joining or following a discussion.
The newly approved Leqembi is a long-needed new treatment for the disease. But Dr. Joy Snider, ___5___ is a brain doctor at Washington University in St. Louis, warns that the drug isn’t a cure. It doesn’t stop people ___6___ (get) worse, but it does measurably slow the progression of the disease. She added. “That might mean someone ___7___ have an extra six months to a year of being able to drive.”
The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug through a speedier-than-usual process, which permits drugs ___8___ (launch) based on early results. The drug is only for early-stage patients and requires an injection by healthcare workers every two weeks. It is not yet clear ___9___ the drug can help people with the disease. There are also concerns about its safety. “Still, it’s a landmark.” said Dr. Richard Hodes, director of the National Institute on Aging. “It’s not enough, but it’s ____10____ (encourage) that there’s something we can do,” he added.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. present B. motivation C. desire D. creative AB. awarded AC. explore AD. applications BC. approach BD. reduction CD. currently ABC. severe
Google Science Fair launched in 2011 as a way to challenge students around the globe to figure out solutions to some of the world’s largest problems, and this year’s winner focused on a problem we’re still wrapping our arms around: microplastics. Fionn Ferreira, an 18-year-old Irish student, earned the $50,000 prize through a simple___11___to help the planet. He was one of 24 finalists from 14 countries who went to Google headquarters to___12___their projects. Ferreira from West Cork, Ireland, developed a novel ___13___ to extracting (萃取) microplastics from water, with the greater goal of creating a method to clean our oceans.
You can explore Ferreira’s science fair project at the Google Science Fair project page. Beyond the science, it explains his___14___for the project, which stems from growing up near the coast and his love of nature. He tested 10 different types of microplastic suspensions and found that he could remove 85% or more of the microplastic contents in his samples. Ultimately, a(n) ___15___ in the amount of plastic the world uses on a daily basis is the best solution, but this project proves there are new, ___16___ways to clean the water we’ve already polluted.
Lawmakers in Ireland ___17___ have plans to introduce legislation that will outlaw the sale, manufacturing, import and export of products containing microplastics. For his efforts, Ferreira was ___18___$50,000 in scholarship money. He would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering in Ireland or in Europe. He currently works as a curator at the local Schull Planetarium, is fluent in three languages, is a skilled trumpet player,and has won 12 science fair awards.
As he described in his project page, it’s the next step of the process that opens doors: ”… winning a prize would give my project more attention and let it grow with mentorship to solve a real problem on the Earth. There is nothing I would like to see more than my project and idea to be used in real life ___19___ and I think a prize could do this.“
For any young scientists itching to ____20____their own idea, your chance will come. The project submission window typically runs for a couple of months starting in September and ending in December. And as this year’s callout to young scientists reminds us, every great idea starts somewhere.
III. Reading Comprehension 45%
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients.
The current way that the UK and most other countries ___21___ the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also ___22___ that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the ___23___ and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency.
___24___about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has ___25___ this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are ___26___ to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods.
On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations ___27___ the proposed system. “We___28___need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF___29___ products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in ____30____ and in safety,” he said.
Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people____31____their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be____32____ include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel.
But Van Tulleken says that the evidence ____33____UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The ____34____of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel____35____until long after you’ve finished.
21. A. analyze B. assess C. confirm D. estimate
22. A. complained B. suspected C. warned D. threatened
23. A. authority B. expert C. experiment D. science
24 A. Concerns B. Challenges C. Questions D. Issues
25. A. come into being B. come into focus C. sprung up D. made sense
26. A. advised B. discouraged C. required D. forbidden
27. A. justified B. approved C. supported D. rejected
28. A. absolutely B. occasionally C. typically D. primarily
29. A. accepts B. excludes C. includes D. conclude
30. A. popularity B. nutrition C. use D. production
31. A. reduce B. increase C. balance D. calculate
32. A. essential B. beneficial C. influential D. artificial
33. A. for B. beyond C. against D. from
34. A. evolution B. transformation C. construction D. destruction
35. A. full B. satisfied C. refreshed D. delighted
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
A
Every Saturday morning, as the clock strikes 9 am, over 50,000 eager runners set off on a 5k m journey around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon, which originally began as a small gathering among a group of friends, has now boosted 400 events across the UK and numerous others globally. These events, fueled by the dedication of thousands of volunteers, offer a free and inclusive opportunity for individuals of all ages and abilities to participate. Runners range from four-year-olds to grandparents whose finishing times vary greatly, spanning from Andrew Baddeley’s world record of 13 minutes and 48 seconds to leisurely strolls lasting over an hour.
Parkru n is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympics would be held in London. Planning documents promised that the lasting legacy of the Games would be to move a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. This obviously has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2m illion in the run-up to 2012, but the general population had already been growing faster than this number. Worse yet, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have been nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children alike. Official retrospections (回顾) continue to speculate as to why London 2012failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Parkrun can offer us some answers.
Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Its concept welcomes everybody. There is as much joy for a puffed-out (上气不接下气) first-timer being clapped over the line as there is for the sport’s top talent. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was off-putting to newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little weird in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be in getting involved in providing common public goods - making sure that there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments are to blame for selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
36. What does the first paragraph reveal about Parkrun
A. It has created numerous employment opportunities.
B. It has gained increasing popularity worldwide.
C. It has promoted stronger community ties.
D. It has gained official recognition as an official festival.
37. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to ______.
A. stimulate population growth B. promote engagement in sports
C. improve the city’s reputation D. extend sport hours in schools
38. Parkrun differs from the Olympic Games in that it______.
A. aims to discover new talent
B. prioritizes mass competition
C. doesn’t stress athletic excellence
D. isn’t intended for first-timers
39. Regarding the promotion of sports participation, the author suggests that governments should______.
A. organize “grassroots” sporting events
B. supervise local sports associations
C. increase the funding for sports clubs
D. invest in public sports facilities
B
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The first official tests of driverless cars were carried out in the UK today, as the country roars ahead with plans to become a world leader in driverless technology. The UK government is providing 19 million worth of funding for the Lutz Pathfinder prototype pod, designed and built by Coventry-based engineering firm RDM Group. Today’s tests were carried out with four driverless cars in four separate UK locations: Coventry, Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Bristol. It is an initiative that the government hopes will eventually result in safer and less-congested roads and keep the UK at the cutting edge of automotive technology.
David Cameron tweeted his satisfaction with the unveilings:
The vehicle works by the passenger selecting a programmed route on a touchpad, which the car then travels using radar, cameras, light detection and ultrasonic sensors.
But while the cars, some patriotically emblazoned with the Union Jack flag, may look impressive, the UK government will have to review its road regulations before the robot cars can be let loose on Britain’s highways.
The UK has signed the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which states that drivers “shall at all times control their vehicles.” Germany, Italy and France in particular are currently attempting to abolish the legislation.
While the UK government argues that there is no legislative barrier to testing the cars it has come under pressure from motoring groups like the RAC to provide robust safety regulations, particularly concerning the question of who would be responsible in the instance of a car crash if a driverless vehicle’s computer failed.
Professor Stephen Glaister, director of the RAC Foundation said:“Alongside the high-tech innovation you need policy decisions on long-term, low-tech matters such as who takes responsibility if things go wrong. As and when these vehicles become common place there is likely to be a shift from personal to product liability and that is a whole new ball game for insurers and manufacturers.”
Other European countries could be quick to follow in the UK’s footsteps. The German transport minister said earlier this month that driverless cars would be a common sight on the country’s roads in the next few years, although it too will have to tighten up legal regulations first.
However, as governments grapple with complex laws and regulations, not everyone is convinced that these robot cars will be a welcome addition on European roads. A survey conducted by Uswitch found that 43% of UKadults do not trust driverless cars to ensure the safety of passengers, while 16% said they were“horrified”by the entire concept of not having a human at the helm.
43. According to the first two paragraphs, the motives for testing driverless cars do not include______.
A. road safety B. fewer traffic-jams
C. advanced technology D. good national image
44. Before the cars can drive on Britain’s roads, the government must______.
A. build a specific road B. select a certain route
C. adjust road regulations D. launch specific satellites
45. According to the passage, the flexibility of driverless cars is not mature because______.
A. laws and policy-decisions haven’t stated responsibilities clearly
B. the technology in others countries haven’t developed as well as the UK
C. most people would not like the idea of having no human control the car
D. the problem of how to prevent car crash hasn’t been solved
46. According to the passage, driverless cars would probably bring the following changes to society except______
A. cars driven by human beings would be washed out gradually
B. insurers would not take responsibility of car crashes
C. automotive technology would make travelling safer and more convenient
D. guidance system in cars would be well developed and more intelligent
SectionC
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. ____47____
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
____48____ They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. ____49____ The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. ____50____
A. Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks.
B Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
C. One line should be large trees.
D. But here is something interesting about windbreaks.
E. Then the soil will be washed away.
F. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations. They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’ s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than 110million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第Ⅱ卷
I. Use of Phrases 5%
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the phrases in the box. Each phrase can be used only once.
stretch from... to...; be safe from; drop out of; on the horizon; impose…on…
52. To reduce air pollution effectively, the government has decided ________ a ceiling _______carbon emissions.
53. The world’s fastest marathon runner has threatened ________ the race because of pollution.
54. A variety of authors continue to contribute on topics that ______ mining ______ agriculture and forestry.
55. The sense of an extraterrestrial (外星球的) experience is heightened by a line of yellow lights twinkling __________.
56. At this point, unless someone is actively searching for your hidden process, you should__________ discovery.
II. Translation 15%
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
57. 所有的评论都应当与主题相关。(relevant) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
58. 每个国家都必须抓住一切机会,加强与别国的经济联系。(grasp) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
59. 在科学研究领域,真正的科学家永远不会与外界隔绝,拒绝与他人合作。(isolate) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________
60. 人们通常认为,那些具有高智商的人能在短时间内理解抽象的概念,作出区分,从而得出正确的结论。(believe) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________

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