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高中英语应用文提分技巧
一、书面表达升级技巧
1.运用四大原则,体现欧美风格
(1)具体性原则
在具备一定词汇量的条件下,具体的表达比泛泛而谈更能引起读者的共鸣。例如:当描述一个人时,类似anice/good man的表达会让人感觉很空洞,因此我们可以用一些具体的词来描述,如 kind-hearted(好心的),generous(慷慨的,大方的),easy-going(随和的)等。
It's good manners to be polite andpunctual in China.[2018 全国卷[Ⅰ]
This activity is busy and interesting.[2017浙江卷]
When feeling depressed,I often choose toenjoy the novel part which includes a lot ofimaginativestories.[2022年新高考全国Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]
(2)新颖性原则
写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的、别人可能想不到的词汇，会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。但是需注意:既要避免使用俗词，又要避开生僻词汇。
①To begin with, I agree your decision tostart a spoken English seminar, which wilsurely benefit us.-To begin with,I'm infavor of your decision tostart a spokenEnglish seminar, which will surely benefit us.[2023年新高考Ⅰ卷]
② This can hinder the progress ofstudents as the more advanced one may contro!the conversation , leaving little room for theother students to improve.
-This can hinder the progress ofstudents as themore advanced one maydominate the conversation,leaving little roomfor the other students to improve.[2023 年新高考全国I&.Ⅱ卷]
③If you are free on this Sunday,1together with the whole Talk and Talk staffam waiting for your coming.
If you are available on this Sunday,together with the whole Talk and Talk staffam waiting for yourcoming.[2022年新高考全国I&Ⅱ卷]
④The film is about the development ofour school.[2018 全国卷Ⅱ]
The film is mainly related to thedevelopment of our school.
⑤The film will greatly help us students knowthe school's history better.[2018 全国卷Ⅱ]
The film will greatly help us studentsget much more acquaintance with the school'shistory better.
(3)短语优先原则
多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增加文采。
①The final exam of this term is coming.
The final exam of this term is aroundthe corner.[2017天津]
②Last weekend, I attended a “Getting toKnow the PlantsAround Us”:activityorganised by our Students’Union.
Last weekend,I participated in a“Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”activity organised by our Students’Union[2023年全国乙卷]
③“I knew you'd win! I am proud of youYou succeed! " he said excitedly.
-“| knew you'd win! I am proud of you,.You made it!”he said excitedly.[2023年新课标全国I卷]
It doesn't differ from ordinary votingevents,in which candidates go around to seeksupports.
It makes no difference from ordinaryvoting events,in which candidates go aroundto seek supports.[2018 江苏卷]
⑤Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinarycross-country running race, which nearly attractedevery student and teacher of our school.
Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinarycross-country running race,which nearly drew theattention of every student and teacher of ourschool.[2022年新高考全国I&Ⅱ卷]
⑥The film intends us to serve us school'sdevelopment.[2018全国卷Ⅱ]
The film appeals to us to make contributionsto our school's development.
(4)避免重复原则
尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词,必要时选择使用其他恰当的同(近)义词来代替。
If it is convenient for you,let's meet at8:30 outside the school gate.'If it is notconvenient for you,let me know what timesuits you best.
-If it is convenient for you,let's meet at8:30 outside the school gate, If not, let meknow what time suits you best.
②To be honest, voters sometimes don'twant to vote,not because they hate voting, butbecause they are divided between emotion and fairness.
To be honest, voters sometimes feelannoyed, not because they hate voting, butbecause they are divided between emotion andfairness.
2.利用高级词汇,照亮阅卷人眼
第一first-to begin/start with
第二 second-in addition/what's more
最后 finally→last but not least
总之inawordto sum up/in conclusion/in summary
但是 but→however
机会chance→opportunity
It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.[2018 全国卷I
选择 choice→alternative
考虑 consider→-take into account/consideration
课程 course→curriculum
充足enough→adequate
影响 effect→influence
最终 finally→eventually
勤奋的 hard-working→diligent
帮助 help→assist
分发 hand out→distribute
后果result→consequence
巷代 replace→substitute
拒绝 refuse→deny
应该 should→be supposed to
缺点 shortcoming→drawback
理解 understand→make sense of/figure out
可用can be used→be available
使用use→employ/make use of
艰难的 difficult→painstaking
四达成一致 agree on→reach a consensus on
种类繁多的 all kinds of→a wide range of
也;和as well as-in addition to/apart from
反对 be against→object to
厌烦 be bored with→be fed up with
忙于 be busy in/with + be occupied with
发生 happen→come about/occur
儿乎不 hardly→barely
提高 improve→promote
重要的 important→vital
立即 immediately→in a flash
不可能的 impossible →out of the question
有趣的 interesting→absorbing/appealing
参加 join→participate
幸运的 lucky→fortunate
巨大的 large→enormous
有意义的 meaningful→rewarding
许多的 many→a large quantity of
明显的 obvious→apparent
合适的 proper→appropriate
丰富的 rich→abundant
小心,谨慎 be careful→be cautious
与…不同be different from→differvary from
渴望做……be eager to do→be dyinglong to do..
因为 because of→on account of
因……而闻名 be famous for→have areputation for
伤心 be sad→be cast down
正在建设的 being built→under construction
感到着急 feel anxious→experienceanxiety
感到舒心 feel comfortable→feel at ease
在我看来 in my opinion→as far as l amConcerned
美化学校 make the school beautiful→beautify the school.
置若罔闻 refuse to listen to→turn a
故意 on purpose→deliberately/by design
够成功做某事 succeed in doing sth.→mak it
美得无法描述 too beautiful to describe→beauty beyond description
震区 the areas which are hit by theearthquake→the quake-hit areas
一件震惊世界的事情 an incident that shakes the world→a world-shaking incident
一个表现好的孩子achild who behavesin a proper way→a well-behaved child
一个脾气坏的人aman who easily loseshis temper→an ill-tempered man
一所节能的房子ahouse which saves energy→an energy-saving house
一位受到良好教育的妇女awomanwho has received a good education→a welleducated woman
一次精心组织的活动an activity that isorganized well-→a well-organized activity
一个爱好和平的人aperson who lovespeace→a peace-loving person
频变句型结构,增加得分亮点
(1)肯定不如双否好
考生只要稍加注意,在文章中运用双重否定的句子就可以给自己的写作增加得分亮点。①那名邮递员天天准时来。
The postman comes on time every day.(普通)
The postman never fails to come everydày.(高级)
②几乎每个人对生活的态度都受到了地震擷泄徇澳琳蕉呪攞廋邃下鎇莠揿 溁猷募响。
Almost everyone's attitude towards lifewas affected by the earthquake.(普通)There was hardly a man or a womanwhose attitude towards life was not affectedby the earthquake.(高级)
(2)陈述不如倒装妙
在写作中,阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法结构主要有六种:倒装、强调、从句、独立主格结构、with复合结构、虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法,它能使文章内容突出、富有节奏。在高中阶段,我们掌握倒装的五种形式可以更好地应对写作。
①以否定词开头,使用部分倒装语序
如果写出的句子中有否定词,不如用否定词开头变成倒装句。
我永远不会放弃。
I will never give up.(普通)
Never will I give up.(高级)
②以地点状语开头，使用完全倒装语序。
如“一个建筑物位于什么位置”“什么地方有什么东西”等,它们都可以用完全倒装句式表达出来。
图书馆的前面矗立着一棵百年古树。
A hundred-year-old tree stands in front ofthe library.(普通)
In front of the library stands a hundredyear-old tree.(高级)
表达地点时我们可把地点状语放在句首用倒装语序。这样做的好处首先是使用了高级结构;其次,倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾,后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。如:Inthecenter of ourschool lies the library, which is between theplayground and the teaching building.
③“only+状语(从句)”置于句首,句子(主句)使用部分倒装语序，用来强调地点、时间、方式、条件等。
Only in this way can Iimprove myEnglish.
只有用这种办法我才能提高英语水平。
Only by taking exercise can we keep fit.
只有通过锻炼我们才能保持健康。
④“so+形容词/副词”置于句首,主句使用部分倒装语序。
那部电影如此有趣,以至于我们都想再看一遍。
The film was so interesting that we allwanted to see it a second time.(普通)
So interesting was the film that we allwanted to see it a second time.(高级)
⑤as引导的倒装句as引导的让步状语从句使用倒装语序,可
达到同样巧妙的效果。Badly injured as he was, he managed totake down the car's number.
尽管受伤严重,他还是成功地记下了那辆汽车的车牌号码。
Much as he enjoys it,he doesn't want tobuy it.
尽管他非常喜欢它，但他不想买它，
(3)主动不如被动巧
许多阅卷老师发现,在近几年的高考试卷中,考生也许是受汉语思维的影响,几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态,很少使用被动语态。如果能把整篇文章中一两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现出句型的变化，从而使整篇文章句型丰富。
我们每次最多可以借5本书,借10天。We can borrow at most five books at atime,and we can keep them for ten days.(曾通)
At most five books can be borrowed at atime and they can be kept for ten days.(高级)
(4)简单不如并列、复合强
有时为了使句子的连贯性更强,表达更为贴切、自然,我们可以在两个或多个简单句之间加上 and,but,for(因为),or(或者,否则)，while(而,却),not only...but also...等并列连词(词组),使其成为并列句。
①You must hurry. You'll miss the plane>You must hurry,or you'll miss the plane.②Honey is sweet. The bee stings.Honey is sweet but the bee stings.
有时可根据上下句之间的关系,在两个或多个简单句之间加上when，as，because:where,which,who等从属连词,使简单句变成复合句。
①We'll organize all kinds of activities in ourEnglish club,We can not only practise but also learn more English words.(改为含有定语从句的主从复合句）
②He missed the first bus. He came school late. （改为含状语从句的主从复合句）
(5)非谓语结构不能少
①用动词不定式作目的状语。To master a foreign language, we mustrork hard.
要想掌握一门外语,我们必须努力学习
②用分词作方式和伴随状语。
This can hinder the progress of studentas the more advanced one may dominate thronversation, leaving little room for the othestudents to improve.
这可能会阻碍学生的进步,因为更高级的学生可能会主导对话,给其他学生留下很小的改进空间。[2023年新课标全国I卷]
Confuciustraveledthroughoutthecountry,imparting his wisdom to countlessdisciples and leaving a profound impact onChinese society.
孔子周游列国,把自己的智慧传授给无数弟子,给中国社会留下了深刻的影响。[2023年全国甲卷】
③用现在分词作结果状语和原因状语个别特殊结构中也可用动词不定式。
His uncle died, leaving him a lot ofmoney.
他的叔叔去世了,留给了他很多钱。
Not knowing his name, I found it hard tofind him.
由于不知道他的名字,我发现很难找到他
He got there in a hurry only to find everyone had gone.
他匆匆赶到那儿,结果发现大家都走了。
④动名词作宾语。
习惯上接动名词作宾语的词有:admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),discuss(讨论),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜爱),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),fancy(没想到),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),forgive(原谅),give up(放弃),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mention(提及),mind(介意),miss(错过:避开，躲开)，pardon(原谅)，permit(允许),practise(练习),prevent(阻止),put off(推迟),report(报告),can'tresist(忍不住),resist(拒绝)，risk(冒险),stop(停止),suggest(建议)等。
She admitted having taken the textbookby mistake.
她承认错拿了课本。
We don't allow smoking here in thedoctor's waiting room.
我们不允许在医生候诊室这里抽烟。
I appreciate being given this opportunityto go abroad for further study.
非常感谢给了我这个出国深造的机会。
He wore a false beard to avoid beingrecognized by his enemy.
他戴了假胡子,以免被他的敌人认出来。
He considered changing the plan to adaptto the new situation.
他考虑改变计划以适应新的情况。
They discussed selling their little shop.
他们商量过卖小商店的事。
We forbid smoking during office hours
我们不准在办公时间抽烟。
Whenever I mention playing football, hesays he's too busy.
我一提踢足球的事,他就说太忙。
②形容词短语
The boy went home, hungry and tired,.
男孩又累又饿地回到了家。
③动词不定式短语
To study well, we need to do sports为了好好学习,我们需要做运动。
④现在分词短语
In this picture, a mother bird stays in hernest in a big tree,seeing her babies flying away.
在这幅图画中,一只鸟妈妈待在一棵大树上的鸟巢里,看着她的小鸟飞走。
⑤过去分词短语
Compared with letters and public phonesmobile phones and the Internet are faster andmore convenient.
与信件和公用电话相比，手机和因特网更快、更方便。
⑥介词短语
Instead of giving us answers immediately, heencourages us to think by ourselves.
他鼓励我们独立思考,而不是马上告诉我们答案。
(7)篇章结构巧连贯
在英语写作中,要做到篇章结构连贯,除了在内容的组织安排上要注意前后的逻辑关系,有时还需要恰当使用能承上启下的关联词语。最常用的关联词语有:
①表示举例的关联词语:forexample;take...for example,for instance,such as ,like
②表示列举的关联词语:for one thing..(and)for another( thing)...,in the firsplace,to begin with/to start with, first of allfirst(ly)/second (ly)/third(ly),in addition.besides/what's more/furthermore/moreoverfinally, last but not least,on the one hand..on the other hand..
③表示转折的关联词语:but,however,while,on the contrary,otherwise
coneerned, as for me, personally, think ,believe. ..
在记叙文申常用oneday,at first.then.later, afterwards, soon, before, after, when.while.as soon as, since, during, eventually, alast, finally,in the end,immediately等表示时间顺序的词语来叙述故事的发展过程或做某事的过程。
在议论文中,列举事实,陈述理由或说明原因时，常用forone thing...(and)foanother(thing)... ,in the first plaee, to beginwith, first (ly), second (ly), third(ly), inaddition, besides,first and most important ,lastbut not least等。这类词语在近几年的写作中运用十分广泛。
4.升级复合句式,提开文章档次
考生仅用基本的句型不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达方面无错误,作文也不能得高分;如果考生使用了较复杂的结构，如定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等,即使有些小错误,作文也会处于较高的档次。
第一组
①What'I intend to stress(主语从句)isthat we are about to start our next lesson inClassroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 amnext Friday(表语从句).[2017全国卷[Ⅰ]
②This activity holds great significance asit not only fosters cultural understanding butalso allows me to share my own culture andlearnfrom others(状语从句).[2023年天津卷】
③It would be great if we could have a 10minute question and answer session at the endof your talk.[2022·北京卷]
④That's why I think the trip along theYantze will be a better choice(表语从句).[2017北京卷]
⑤You'd better arrive on time because it ispolite to be punctual in China(状语从句).[2018全国卷I]
⑥The film is mainly related to the development of our school, which will greatly helpus students know the school's history better.(定语从句).[2018全国卷Ⅱ]
⑦Although my fingers were painful afterfew hours practice(状语从句),I felt satisfied ifI could play a music piece completely.[2023 年浙江省1月高考]
⑧Planning is good as it decides in detail(状语从句)howwe do(宾语从)whatwewant to do(宾语从句).[2016 浙江卷]
⑨It's you who(强调句型) make me fall inlove with writing,my social studies teacher.[2023年新课标全国I卷]
⑩You can write anything relevant so longas it's interesting and informative(状语从句).[2015全国卷I]
第二组
①We'll also spend some fun time togethersinging,dancing and playing games,which wehope will make them happy(定语从句).[2015全国卷Ⅱ]
②If you are able to come with us(状语从句),please let us know.[2015 全国卷Ⅱ]
③ If you are interested in it(状语从句) ,let me know and I'll send you more information, 2015 京卷]
④I was so happy to hear the news that(状语从)Iimmediately shared it with myteacher.[2023年新课标全国I卷]
⑤With the bird in my cupped hand, ]looked around to see how she had gotten in(夕词性从句).[2023浙江卷]
⑥If I could interview him(状语从句),would ask him what made him an astronaut(宾语从句)and how he was trained(宾语从句).2015安徽卷]
⑦Refused as I was,I still received somegreat encouragement, which gives me confide-nce to be awriter(定语从句).[2021年新高考全国I &Ⅱ卷]
⑧ The activity is highly spoken of , because notonly does it provide chance for us to exercise, butalso makes us more cohesive(状语从)2020年新高考全国I&Ⅱ卷(山东卷)
⑨Besides,students may feel uncomforta-ble or less motivated if paired with someonewho they don't get along with or have difficultycommunicatingwith(定语从).「2023年新课标全国I卷]
⑩Writing was so difficult and painful forme that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts(定语从句).[2023年新课标全国1卷]
二、书面表达开头、结尾与过渡
1.“起”好开头
【常用开头词汇】
First:I think everyone needs friends andis eager to get friendship.
First of all,we must make full use ofevery 45-minute lesson.
Nowadays/Recently,people in many bigcities are complaining about the heavy traffic.
In the first place,she can read at the rateof 100 words a minute.
To begin with , smoking should be bannedin public areas.
Generally speaking , the more you practise, the
more skillfully you can write in English.
With the development of the Internet,computers play an important role in people'slife.
【常用开头句式】
As the proverb says/As the saying goes,“Time is money.
As can be seen from the table, nearl.gryone owns one mobile phone in Chin.1t is believed that health is above wealh!1t is well-known that an elephant is a verykind and gentle animal,
I'm excited to learn that we are going tostart a magazine,
【满分作文选粹】
I am delighted to know you are invited to :dinner party by your Chinese friend.[2018 全国卷I]
First of all, as smart online learners, wecan make full use of the most extensiveeducational resources to broaden the horizons.[2021·全国乙卷]
I'm sorry to inform you that I can't go outwith you this weekend.[2021·北京卷]
When it comes to ocean,its pollution isbecoming more and more serious.[2022·全国甲卷]
To begin with, randomly pairing upstudents may lead to unbalanced languageabilitieswithinthegroups.[2023年新高考全国I& Ⅱ卷卷]
2.“承”好上下
【常用顺承词汇】
Secondly,we should get up early tomemorize idioms and useful expressions.
Obviously,a good learning habit can helpus to speed up to reach our destinations.
I lost my way in the forest and to makematters worse/what is worse,it became dark.
In addition, we shouldn't neglect thateveryone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
Meanwhile/At the same time,l will regarcit as my duty to keep our environment clean.
Take Beijing for example,it is one of theoldest cities in the world.
【常用顺承句式】
What is more serious is that we don'tcherish wildlife.
What's more, good books can help us todevelop good characters.
As far as I am concerned, they stand forove,friendship and unity.
【满分作文选粹】
What's more, we can also hand out leafletsto call on more people to protect the ocean.[2022全国甲卷]
Additionally,I would love to teach otherstudents how to make traditional Chineseitems.[2023年天津卷]
However ,I'm afraid it'd be less effectivefor theycouldn't cooperate well, if twostudents are.randomly chosen.[2023 年新高考工卷】
Besides,students may feel uncomfortableor less motivated if paired with someone whcthey don't get along with or have difficultycommunicating with.[2023年新高考全国【&Ⅱ卷]
3.“转”好过渡
【常用转折过渡词汇】
Most importantly, the eldly are usuallythe first to taste the food served on the tablebecause they are well respected in China.
To be frank,studying for a degree in adifferent culture is never easy.
But unfortunately Imind myownbusiness without considering my parents.
However ,not until the match was over didwe realize that we became the losers.
On the other hand,online shopping alsohas many disadvantages.
On the contrary,the volunteers alwaysclaim that they are tired of the life on earth.
Contrary to what I had originally said, thetrip turned out to be fun.
【满分作文选粹】
However,what amazes you most is thefollowing new function.[2014 湖南卷
4.“合”好结尾
【常用结尾词汇】
All in all,traveling is the best choice torecharge ourselves and get ready for the newchallenges.
In conclusion,agood citizen shouldobserve traffic regulations.
In a word,success is important,and so isfailure,because it's the mother of success.
To sum up,environmental protection is of great importance,which can make us live morecomfortably and healthily.
On the whole,I find a bike more enjoyablethan a motorcycle.
【常用结尾句式】
I'd appreciate it if you could deliver themas soon as possible.
It is high time that we did something toprotect the environment from being polluted.
Only with combined efforts can we expect ourhometown to take on a new look inithe nearfuture.
We can, therefore, come to the conclusionthat nothing is so precious as peace in theworld.
From what has been discussed above, we
may draw the conclusion that you must havewanttoachieveself-confidence ifyousomething.
【满分作文选粹】
I'll appreciate it if you can reply to myletter at your earliest convenience.[2017 全国卷I]
Hope you'll have a good time in China.[2017北京卷]
All in all, it is high time that we devotedourselves to protecting ocean. To protectocean is to protect ourselves.[2022·全国甲卷]
In short,internet voting,to some extent,is unfair,if not immoral, and cannot betrusted.[2016 江苏卷]
In a word,my life will be much richer andmore colorful.[2014全国卷]
As far as I'm concerned,it is a disturbingtrend,For students, what benefits most totheir study is reading English books.[2022全国乙卷]

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