资源简介 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!单词短语及重点句型重点单词 1.mooncake ['mu nke k]n.月饼 2.lantern [ l nt n]n.灯笼 3.stranger [ stre nd ]n.陌生人 4.relative [ rel t v]n.亲属;亲戚 5.pound [pa nd]n.磅(重量单位);英镑(英国货币单位) 6.folk [f k]adj.民间的;民俗的 7.goddess [ ɡ d s]n.女神 8.whoever [hu ev ]pron.无论谁;不管什么人 9.steal [sti l]v.偷;窃取 10.lay [le ]v.放置安放;产(卵);下(蛋) 11.dessert [d z t] n.饭后甜点 12.garden [ ɡɑ dn]n.花园;园子 13.tradition [tr d n]n.传统 14.admire [ d ma ]v.欣赏;仰慕 15.tie [ta ]n.领带;v.捆;束 16.haunted [ h nt d] dj.有鬼魂出没的闹鬼的 17.ghost [ɡ st]n.鬼;鬼魂 18.trick [tr k]n.花招;把戏 19.treat [tri t]n.款待;招待;v.招待;请(客) 20.spider [ spa d ]n.蜘蛛 21.Christmas ['kr sm s]n.圣诞节 22.lie [la ]v.存在;平躺;处于 23.novel [ n vl]n.(长篇)小说 24.eve [i v]n.前夕;前夜 25.dead [ded]adj.死的;失去生命的 26.business [ b zn s]n.生意;商业 27.punish [ p n ]v.处罚;惩罚 28.warn [w n]v.警告;告诫 29.present [ preznt]n.现在;礼物;adj.现在的 30.warmth [w mθ]n.温暖;暖和 31.spread [spred]v.传播;展开;n.蔓延;传播重点短语 1.the Spring Festival春节 2.visit relatives and friends走亲访友 3.put on five pounds/put on weight胖了5磅/发胖 4.the hottest month of the year一年最热的月份 5.many traditional folk stories许多传统的民间故事 6.take the magic medicine吃下仙丹 7.fly up to the moon飞上了月宫 8.steal flowers from the garden从花园里偷花 9.lay out摆出 10.the tradition of admiring the moon赏月的传统 11.wear a shirt and tie穿衬衫打领带 12.spend money doing/on sth.花钱做某事 13.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 14. on Father's Day/on Mother's Day在父亲节/在母亲节 15.tum off the lights关灯 16.light candles点燃蜡烛 17.play a trick on sb捉弄某人 18.in North America在北美 19.on business出差 20.lie in the east of China位于中国东部 21.a famous short novel一个著名的短篇小说 22.treat others nicely友好地对待他人 23.on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夜 24.his dead business partner他的死去的商业伙伴 25.punish sb for sth因为某事惩罚某人 26.warn sb(not) to do sth警告某人(不要)去做某事 27.end up doing sth结束做某事 28.wake up醒来 29.expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事 30.treat others with kindness and warmth用善良和热心对待别人 31.spread love and joy传播爱和快乐 32.give birth to life孕育生命 33.not only...but also不但…而且 34.give out分发常考句型 1.What do you like best about the Spring Festival 对于春节你最喜欢什么 2.Although they are relaives,they are like strangers.虽然他们是亲戚,但是他们却像陌生人一样。 3.I've put on five pounds.我已经胖了五磅了。 4.He laid out fruits and desserts in the garden quickly.他快速地在花园里摆出水果和甜点。 5.I wonder if June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.我想知道六月是否是游览香港的好时节。 6.What fun the Water Festival is!泼水节多么有趣啊! 7.Mother's day is on the second Sunday of May.母亲节在五月的第二个周日。 8.I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.我认为4月是泰国最热的月份。 9.How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!香港的食物多美味啊! 10.The spirit of Christmas is spreading love and joy.圣诞精神就是传播爱和欢乐。 11.If you only think about yourself,you won't have any friends.如果你只考虑自己,你就会没有朋友。 12.He just cares about if he can make more money.他只关心是否他能赚更多钱。 13.Her business partner has been dead for over ten years.她的生意伙伴已经过世多年了。 14.If I don't finish my homework on time,I will be punished.如果我不按时完成作业,我就会被惩罚。 15.He gave away all his money after he died.在他去世以后,他捐出了他所有的钱。 16.If you don't want to end up like him,treat others warmly and kindly.如果你不想向他那样的下场,那就温暖友善地对待他人。 17.The policeman warmed her not to break the traffic rules.这位警察警告她不要违反交通规则。 18.Not only foreigners but also Chinese celebrate Father's Day.不仅外国人中国人也庆祝父亲节。 19.He wonders/ wants to know whether/if they’ll have zongzi next year.他想知道明年他们将吃粽子。 20.People go on the streets to throw water at each other .人们走到街上互相泼水。 21.The new year is a time for cleaning and washing away bad things.新年是一个用来清扫和洗去不好的东西的时间。 22.Moonkakes are in the shap of a full moon on the Mid-Autumn night .月饼是中秋之夜满月的形状。 22.They carry people’s wishes to the families the love and miss.他们寄托着他们对他们所爱和思念的家人的祝福。 23.A goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him 一位女神送他仙药作为酬谢。 24.Whowever took the medicine could live forever. 不论谁服了这药都能长生不老。 25.He was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night.他是如此伤心难过以至于他每晚对着月亮呼喊她的名字。 26.How he wished that Chang’e could come back!他多么希望嫦娥能回来啊!一、单词讲解1 stranger n.陌生人stranger可数名词,意为“陌生人”。I am afraid to speak to strangers.我不敢和陌生人说话。拓展:stranger还有“异乡人,外地人,新来者”之意。---Can you tell me where the bus station is 你能告诉我公共汽车站在哪儿吗?---Sorry, I’m a stranger here.对不起,我不是本地人。拓展:strange adj. 奇怪的;陌生的 strangely adv. 奇怪地2 relative n.亲属;亲戚1)relative n. 亲属;亲戚a close/ distant relative 一位近/远亲 relatives and friends 亲朋好友;亲友2)relative adj.相对的;相比较而言的;相关联的Truth is relative 真理是相对的。3 whoever pron.无论谁;不管什么人1)引导主语从句,相当于anyone who。2)引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter who。Whoever drank this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Chang’e. 无论谁只要喝下这碗仙药便可长生不老,于是后羿计划与嫦娥一起喝。4 steal v.偷;窃取steal用作及物动词,意为“偷,窃取”。其过去式和过去分词分别为stole,stolen。常用短语steal sth.From...意为“从...偷某物”。He used to steal money from his mother’s drawer.他过去常从母亲的抽屉里偷钱。5 lay v.放置安放;产(卵);下(蛋)1)lay动词,意为“放置,安放”。其过去式和过去分词均为laid,现在分词为lying。lay out 摆开;布置Can you help her lay out the books on the shelf 你能帮他把这些书摆在书架上么?2)lay作动词,还可意为“产(卵),下(蛋)”。The hens lay a lot of eggs every day.这些母鸡每天都下很多蛋。辨析:lie/laylie与lay 【记忆口诀】规则地说谎,不规则地躺;躺过就下蛋,下蛋不规则。单词 词性 含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词lie 动词 说谎 lied lied lying躺;位于 lay lain lyinglay 下蛋;产卵;放置 laid laid laying6 dessert n.饭后甜点dessert既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,意为“(饭后)甜点;甜食”,只用餐时的最后一道菜,如蛋糕、馅饼、冰淇淋等。She often eats a piece of cake for dessert. 她经常吃一块蛋糕当饭后甜点。7 garden n.花园;园子garden可数名词,意为“花园,园子”。常用短语in the garden意为“在花园”。In spring, there are many kinds of flowers in the garden.春天,花园里有各种各样的花。8 tradition n.传统tradition既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,意为“传统;惯例”。the tradition of…意为“…的传统”。The tradition of birthday parties started in Europe a long time ago.很久以前生日聚会的传统开始于欧洲。拓展:traditional adj. 传统的 traditional festivals传统的节日 traditionally adv. 传统上9 admire v.欣赏;仰慕admire sb./sth. 欣赏某人/某事 admire sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事羡慕/钦佩某人We admire her for her bravery.我们很钦佩她的勇敢。拓展:admirer n. 仰慕者 admiration n. 钦佩;赞美10 tie n.领带;v.捆;束1)tie用作可数名词,意为“领带”。He wore a red tie.他打着红色领带。2)tie还可用作动词,意为“捆;束”。其现在分词为tying。tie...to... 把...系/绑/捆在...上He is tying the tie.他正在系领带。11 trick n.花招;把戏trick or treat不招待就使坏 play tricks/ a trick on sb.=play a joke on sb.捉弄/开某人的玩笑He played a trick on me on April 1st.愚人节那天,他作弄我。12 treat n.款待;招待;v.招待;请(客)1)treat作及物动词①对待;看待;把…看作 treat... as / like把...当做...Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.不要把这么严肃的问题当成一个玩笑。②处理;为...涂上保护层This substance must be treated with acid. 这材料得用酸来处理。③探讨;论述The book treats some political problems. 该书论述某些政治问题。④医疗;治疗(+ for)The doctors were not able to treat this disease.医生治不了这种病。⑤款待,请(客) treat sb. to sth.请某人做...We’ll treat you to dinner.我们请你吃晚餐。2)treat不及物动词①探讨;论述 + of / aboutThis book treats of economic problems.这本书探讨经济问题。②谈判;协商 + for / with.Is it necessary that we treat with that country 我们是否有必要与那个国家谈判?③请客I’ll treat today. 今天我请客。3)treat作可数名词①请客It’s my treat. 我请客。②难得的乐事It’s a great treat for them to go to the theater. 他们去看戏真是乐事。For dessert we had fresh strawberries---a real treat.饭后甜点我们吃草莓---真是难得的享受。13 lie v.存在;平躺;处于1)vi. 存在;处于 (lay, lain, lying)Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in the east of China. 青岛是一个漂亮的城市,位于中国东部。2) vi. 平躺 (lay, lain, lying)Look! The little cat is lying on the grass.看,小猫正躺在草地上。3)vi.说谎 (lied, lied, lying)I never lie to anyone. 我永不说谎。4) n.谎言;谎话tell a lie/lies 撒谎Frank is an honest boy. He never tells lies.弗兰克是一个诚实的孩子,他从不说谎话。14 eve n.前夕;前夜Christmas Eve圣诞前夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve除夕15 dead adj.死的;失去生命的dead是动词die的形容词形式,意为“死的;失去生命的”,在句中做定语或表语。the dead表示死去的人或物。The famous writer has been dead for a few years.那个伟大的作家已经去世好几年了。辨析:die, dead, death, dying①die意为“死”,是不及物动词,强调一时的动作,一般指由于疾病、负伤等原因死亡。die是个短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用。②dead强调的是“死”的状态,意为“死的,无生命的”,是形容词,做表语或定语。如果表达“已经去世一段时间”,则用“have been dead+for+时间段”或“died+时间段+ago”。His father has been dead for two years.他的父亲已经去世两年了。③death意为“死,死亡”,是名词,只用作主语或宾语。He was sad to hear his death.听到他的死讯,他很难过。④dying是die的现在分词,也可用作形容词,表示“垂死的,要死的”,常用作定语或表语。The little girl cried when she saw her dying cat.当小女孩看到垂死挣扎的小猫,她伤心的哭了。16 business n.生意;商业1)business n. 生意;商业do business(with sb.) (和某人)做生意It’s great to do business with him.和他做生意很棒。out of business 停业;歇业 on business 出差2)business 商务;公事;职责=dutyIt’s a teacher’s business to help his students.老师的责任就是帮助学生。17 punish v.处罚;惩罚sb be punished某人被惩罚1)punish sb.by doing sth.通过做某事来惩罚某人My parents used to punish me by not letting me watch TV.我们的父母通过不让我看电视来惩罚我。2)punish sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而惩罚某人Mom punished us for our rudeness.因为我们的粗鲁,妈妈惩罚了我们。拓展:punishment n.处罚;受罚18 warn v.警告;告诫1)warn sb.(not) to do sth. 告诫某人(不要)做某事The policeman warned the man not to drive after drinking.警察警告那个男人不要酒后驾驶。2)warn sb. of/about sth. 警告某人注意某事A smoke alarm warns you of the danger.烟雾报警器可以警告你危险。3)warn sb. against (doing) sth.告诫某人提防某事/不要做某事The notice warned people against playing with fire.这个通知警告人们要预防火灾。4)warn sb. + that 从句 警告某人...19 present n.现在;礼物;adj.现在的1)present做名词①“现在”,此时为不可数名词。at present意为“目前,现在”。What's the boss doing at present 老板现在在做什么?②意为“礼物”,此时为可数名词,相当于gift。I give a present to my grandfather.我送给我奶奶一份礼物。2)present 做形容词①“现在的”。I'm satisfied with my present job.我很满意我现在的工作。②意为“出席的;在场的” ,修饰名词时要后置。There were 200 people present when the meeting started.会议开始时有200人在场。3)present做动词,意为“把…交给;授予”。The school presented Mr.Wang with a gold medal.学校授予王老师一块金牌。20 spread v.传播;展开;n.蔓延;传播1)spread在此处为动词,意为“传播;展开”,其过去式和过去分词都为spread。The disease spread over the whole country quickly.病毒很快传播到整个国家。2)spread还可做名词,意为“蔓延;传播”,一般用作单数名词。The spread of the disease frightened the villagers.这种疾病的蔓延吓坏了村民们。二、课文对话及原文1.ConversationClara:Guess what I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks.Ben:Wow, sounds like fun! But I believe that April is the hottest month of the year there.Clara:Yes, that’s true. But there’s a water festival there from April 13th to 15th.Ben:I wonder if it’s similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.Clara:Yes, I think so. This is the time of the Thai New Year. People go on the streets to throw water at each other.Ben:Cool! But why do they do that Clara:Because the new year is a time for cleaning and washing away bad things. Then you'll have good luck in the new year.2.PassageFull Moon, Full FeelingsChinese people have been celebrating the Mid -Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries. Mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon on the Mid -Autumn night. They carry people's wishes to the families they love and miss.There are many traditional folk stories about this festival. However, most people think that the story of Chang’e is the most touching. Chang’e was Hou Yi’s beautiful wife. After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him. Whoever took this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to take it with Chang’e.However, a bad man, Pang Meng, tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not home.Chang’e refused to give it to him and took it all. She became very light and flew up to the moon. Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night. One night, he found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there.He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden.How he wished that Chang’e could come back!After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families.A Christmas CarolMany would agree that when we think of Christmas, we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.The story in A Christmas Carol is perhaps the best example of this.A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens. It is about an old man named Scrooge who never laughs or smiles.He is mean and only thinks about himself. He doesn’t treat others nicely. He just cares about whether he can make more money and he hates Christmas.One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner.Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him.He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him.That night, three ghosts visit Scrooge. First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child.Then the second spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Present , takes him to see how others are spending Christmas this year. Everyone is happy, even poor people. The last one, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, takes him to the future. Scrooge sees that he is dead, but nobody cares. He is so scared that he wakes up in his bed and finds out it is only the next morning—Christmas Day!He decides to change his life and promises to be a better person.He happily celebrates Christmas with his relatives. He also gives gifts to people in need. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.And that is the true spirit of Christmas!三、重要知识点讲解1 But I guess it was a little too crowded.但我认为它有点儿太拥挤了。crowded形容词,意为“拥挤的”。常构成短语be crowded with...意为“被...挤满”。The shop near my home is always crowded with people.我家附近的那家商店总是挤满了人。拓展:crowd作动词,意为“拥挤,群集”。Hundreds of people crowded into the church.数百人拥进了教堂。2 Bill thinks that the races were not that interesting to watch.比尔认为那些比赛观看起来并不那么有趣。were not that interesting to watch意为“观看起来并不那么有趣”,其中that此处用作副词,强调程度,意为“那么,如此”。No one expected it to cost that much.没有人想到会花那么多钱。3 Bill wonders whether they’ll have zongzi again next year.比尔想知道明年他们是否将再有粽子?1)wonder此处用作及物动词,意为“想知道”,相当于want to know。wonder在不同的句式中表达的意思也不同:①后接who,what,why等连接词引导的宾语从句及“疑问词+动词不定式”结构时,意为“想知道”。I wonder who that boy is.我想知道那个男孩是谁。②后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。I wonder if I could use your mobile phone.我想知道是否可以用一下你的手机。③后接that引导的宾语从句以及动词不定式短语时,表示“(对......)感到惊讶”。I wonder to see her looking so cheerful.我很惊讶的发现她看上去那么高兴。拓展:wonder做名词时,意为“奇迹,奇观”。What are the Seven Wonders in the world 世界七大奇观是什么?④( It’s ) no wonder (that)...表示“难怪...;...不足为奇”。The Great Wall is really a great man-made wonder. No wonder it attracts the tourists from all over the world.长城是一个伟大的人造奇观。难怪它吸引了全世界游客的目光。wonder的形容词形式为wonderful, 意为“精彩的;美妙的”。It's wonderful to see you!见到你真高兴。2)whether作连词,意为“是否,是不是”,用于表示选择或对某事不确定。He wonders whether it will be fine tomorrow.他想知道明天是否会晴天。拓展:whether作连词,还可意为“不管,不论”,用于表示无论出现什么情况某事肯定发生或不发生。I’m calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.我要打电话叫医生来,不管你愿不愿意。4 Bill and Mary believe that they’ll be back next year to watch the races..比尔和玛丽相信他们明年会回来看比赛。believe此处用作及物动词,意为“相信,认为”。其后既可直接接名词、代词作宾语,也可以跟that引导的宾语从句,还可以用believe sb. to do sth.的形式。I believe that he can win the match.我相信他能赢得这场比赛。拓展:当believe用于一般现在时后跟宾语从句且主句主语为第一人称时,它的否定形式与think用法相同,即“否定在主句,翻译在从句”。I don’t believe he knows that place.我认为他不知道那个地方。5 Wu Ming went to Singapore /Hong Kong/Macao for his vacation.吴明去了新加坡/香港/澳门度假。go to...for a/one’s vacation意为“去...度假”。其中介词for表示“为了(某一目的)”。vacation意为“假期”,通常只一次性休假,不管假期有多长,尤指学校的假期。英式英语中常用holiday。Her parents are on vacation in Hawaii.她的父母正在夏威夷度假。辨析:go for a vacation与go on vacation①go for a vacation去度假,相当于take a vacation,说明度假还没有开始,在计划当中I am going for a vacation to Beijing.我要去北京度假。②go on vacation在度假,说明度假正在进行。I am going on vacation in Beijing.我正在北京度假。6 I’ve put on five pounds!我胖了5英镑!1)put on此处意为“增加(体重);发胖”,常与weight或具体的体重数值搭配使用。She can eat what she wants but she never puts on weight.她想吃什么就吃什么,但是体重从来不增加。拓展:put on的其他含义:①穿上;戴上My mother put on her coat and went out.我妈妈穿上大衣出去了。②上演;举办One summer our children put on a play.有一年夏天我们的孩子上演了一出戏。③播放(唱片、磁带等)Do you mind if I put on some music 我播放音乐你介意么?2)pound重量单位,意为“磅”。The apples cost one dollar a pound.苹果的价格是一美元一磅。拓展:pound还可意为“英镑”(可数名词),是英国标准货币单位,1英镑等于100便士。They spent a thousand pounds.他们花了1000英镑。7 I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks.两周后我打算去清迈。1)go, come, leave, start, fly 等表示位置移动的动词,常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。Jim is going boating this afternoon.今天下午我要去划船。2)in two weeks意为“两周后”,其结构为“in+一段时间”,表示“在.....之后”,常用于一般将来时,对其提问时用how soon(多久)。I will finish the work in two hours.两小时后我将完成那项工作。辨析:in与after①in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中②after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态的句子中;在某个特定的时间以后,after也可用于将来时态的句子中She will be back in three weeks.三周后她将回来。He started on Sunday and arrived in Paris after two days.他星期天动身,两天之后到达了巴黎。8 Wow,sounds like fun!哇,听起来像很有趣!It sounds like yours.它听起来像是你的。辨析:sound like与sound①sound like听起来像,like为介词,后接名词(短语)或代词作宾语②sound听起来,为连系动词,后接形容词或名词作表语I like gentle music. It sounds relaxing.我喜欢轻柔的音乐,它听起来令人放松。9 But I believe that April is the hottest month of the year there.但我认为四月是那里最热的月份。hottest是hot的最高级形式。形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上人或(事)物的比较。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,剧中常含有表示范围的介词of或in等。Bill is the tallest boy of us.比尔是我们中最高的男孩儿。10 Yes, I think so. 是的,我认为是这样。在口语中,常用so代替上文讲到的内容,尤其是上文内容在下文中以宾语从句形式出现时。如果在下文被替代者为否定含义的宾语从句,常用“否定句+so”。---Do you think it will rain 你觉得今天会下雨吗?---Yes, I think so. / No, I don’t think so.我认为会下雨,我认为不下雨。11 Yes, that’s true.是的,的确如此。辨析:true/real①true强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰、捏造的Is it true that he is dead 他死了,是真的吗?拓展:true的副词形式是truly“真正,确实”;名词形式是truth“真理”,to tell the truth意为“说实话”。This work is truly original.这部作品确实十分独特。②real强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的Santa Claus isn’t a real person.圣诞老人不是一个真实的人物。12 People go on the streets to throw water to each other.人们走上街头互相泼水。句中throw...at...意为“把...抛/洒向...”,动词throw后接所投掷的物体,用介词at引入泼洒或抛的对象。Please don’t throw a stone at the window.请不要对着窗子投掷石块。拓展:与throw相关的短语还有:throw away扔掉;throw sth. to sb.把某物扔给某人。13 Then you’ll have good luck in the new year.然后,在新的一年里你将会有好运。luck不可数名词,意为“运气”。have good luck意为“有好运气”。She wished me good luck in the exam.她祝我考试好运。14 Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.数个世纪以来,中国人一直在庆祝中秋节,吃月饼。(教材第11页)1)have been celebrating是现在完成进行时,其结构为“have/has been+动词的现在分词。现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内曾经延续进行或目前仍在继续并有可能一直继续下去,强调动作持续进行的状态。常和“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。He has been learning English for five years.他学英语5年了。(还将继续学下去)2)for centuries意为“数个世纪以来”,相当于since centuries ago。for与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示“(做某事)多长时间了”,常用于现在完成(进行)时,表示过去某时开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,for所在句子中的动词必须是延续性动词。对“for+时间段”提问用how long(多久,多长时间)。I’ve been living in China for five years.我已经在中国住了5年了。15 They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss.它们寄托着人们对他们所爱、所思念的家人的祝福。1)wish名词,常用复数形式wishes,意为“祝福,愿望”。Please send my best wishes to your parents.请代我问候你的父母。2)family名词,意为“家庭,家人”。表示整体概念时,用作单数,谓语动词用作单数形式;表示家庭成员时,用作复数,谓语动词用作复数形式。His family is going to move.他家要搬走了。My family are very well.我的家人身体都很好。3)miss及物动词,意为“思念,想念”。I’ll miss you very much if you move.如果你搬家,我会很想念你的。拓展:miss还可意为“错过,失去(机会)”等,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。They missed a good chance.他们错失了良机。16 However, most people think that the story of Chang’e is the most touching.然而,大多数人认为嫦娥的故事是最感人的。1)however副词,意为“不过,然而”,有转折的含义,可位于句首、句中或句末。She’s very intelligent; however , she’s quite lazy.她非常聪明,但她很懒惰。2)touching形容词,意为“动人的;感人的;令人同情的”。其比较级和最高级分别是在其前加more和most。This is the most touching story I have ever heard.这是我听到过的最动人的故事。17 After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thanks him.在后羿射下9个太阳之后,一位女神送给他仙药作为酬谢。1)此处shoot down意为“射下,击落”,为“动词+副词”型短语。shoot动词,意为“射击,投篮”,其过去式和过去分词均为shot。The plane was shot down.飞机被击落了。辨析:shoot与shoot at①shoot 指“击中,射中;射死”,即击中目标,强调射击的结果②shoot at指朝某人或某物射击,不强调是否射中,而强调射击的动作2)give sb. sth.相当于give sth. to sb.,意为“给某人某物,把某物给某人”。当give后跟双宾语时,既可把间接宾语放前,直接宾语放后,也可把直接宾语放前,但这时直接宾语与间接宾语之间要用介词to连接。We gave her some flowers for her birthday.=We gave some flowers to her for her birthday.我们送给他一些花以庆祝她的生日。3)medicine不可数名词,意为“药,内服药”。短语take/have the medicine意为“吃药”。medicine的形容词形式为medical,意为“医学的;医疗的”。Take the medicine three times a day.这药一天吃三次。18 Whoever drank this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Chang’e.无论谁吃了此药都会长生不老,后羿打算和嫦娥一起服用。plan动词,意为“计划,打算”,其过去式与过去分词均为planned,现在分词为planning。常见短语:plan to do sth.意为“计划/打算做某事”。Mr. Brown plans to go fishing after work.布朗先生计划下班后去钓鱼。拓展:plan也可用作可数名词,意为“计划,打算”。常见短语:make a plan/make plans(to do sth.)意为“制定计划(做某事)”;(make) a plan for...意为“(制定)...的计划”。They planned to go to England for vacation.=They made a plan to go to England for vacation.他们打算去英国度假。19 Chang’e refused to give it to him and drank it all.嫦娥拒绝把仙药给他,便将他全部喝下。refuse动词,意为“拒绝,谢绝,推辞”。其后接动词不定式,即refuse to do sth.,意为“拒绝做某事”。She refused him nothing.他要什么她就给什么。20 She became very light and flew up to the moon.她变得很轻盈,飞上了月宫。1)light此处用作形容词,意为“轻的”。Modern video cameras are light and easy to carry.新型摄像机很轻,便于携带。拓展:light的其他用法:①light作形容词,还可意为“浅色的;少量的;轻微的”。My little son likes light blue.我的小儿子喜欢浅蓝色。②light作动词,意为“点燃;点火’。其过去式和过去分词为lit,也可为lighted。He took out a cigarette and lit it.他拿出一只烟来点着了。③light作不可数名词,意为“光;关线;光亮”。The light in the room is poor.这个房间的光线很暗。2)fly up意为“飞起来,向上飞”。fly此处用作不及物动词,意为“飞,飞行”。其过去式与过去分词分别为flew,flown,现在分词是flying,第三人称单数形式是flies。My uncle flew from Hong Kong to New York yesterday.昨天我叔叔从香港飞往了纽约。21 Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night.后羿悲痛不已,以至于每晚都对着月亮大声呼喊她的名字。call out one’s name 意为“大声呼喊某人的名字”。I called out his name but he turned a deaf ear to my calling.我大声叫他的名字,但他不理我。22 How he wished that Chang’e could come back!他是多么希望嫦娥能回来啊!(教材第11页)辨析:wish与hope①wish表示某种强烈的“愿望”;后跟从句时,一般表示难以实现的“愿望”,从句常用虚拟语气wish to do sth.希望做某事I wish to go right now.我希望现在就走wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事I wish him to make progress.我希望他取得进步wish+that从句 希望....I wish I could fly like a bird.但愿我能像鸟儿一样飞。表示美好的“祝愿” wish+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词或名词)I wish you happy.祝你幸福②hope 表示可以实现或能达成的“希望” hope to do sth.希望做某事We hope to see you again.我们希望能再次见到你hope+that从句 希望...We hope that we can see you again. 我们希望能再次见到你23 As result, Chang’e became light and flew up to the sky.结果,嫦娥变得很轻盈,飞上了天。as a result意为“结果,因此”,单独使用,后面一般用逗号与句子隔开。As a result, he was sent away from school.结果,他被赶出了学校。拓展:as a result of...意为“因为.....;由于.....”,相当于because of。She was late as a result of the heavy snow.她迟到是因为大雪。24 I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.我想知道六月是不是游览香港的好时间。a good time to visit Hong Kong意为“游览香港的好时间”, to visit Hong Kong在句中作定语,修饰a good time。动词不定式作定语通常置于被修饰的名词之后,常见的此类名次还有place,way,chance,opportunity等。Could you tell me where there’s a good place to eat 你能告诉我哪儿有吃饭的好地方吗?拓展:动词不定式作定语时,当被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式中的动词必须是及物的;如果不定式中的动词是不及物的,就要带相关的介词,使其构成及物动词短语,此时的介词一定不要省略。I need some paper to write on.我需要一些用来写字的纸。25 Do you know that there are two special days for parents in American?你知道在美国有两个为父母而设的特殊节日么?1)There is/are...表示“有...”,此处的“有”表示存在关系。there be句型中be动词的形式要和句中的名词形式保持一致。There is a book on the desk.课桌上有本书。拓展:①there be句型的一个重要用法是“就近一致”原则,即be动词和最靠近它的名词在形式上保持一致。There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺。②there be与have/has的区别:前者表示某地存在某物;后者表示“拥有”。二者优势可以互换。There are twenty classes in our school=Our school has twenty classes.我们学校有20个班。③there be的一般将来形式为there will be或there is/are going to be。There is going to be a meeting this afternoon.今天下午将有一个会议。2)special形容词,意为“特别的,特殊的,专门的”。This is a special day today.今天是一个特别的日子。拓展:special的副词形式为specially,意为“专门地;特地”,多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事,主要用来修饰动词。The ring was special made for her.这枚戒指是特意为她定做的。26 I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day in China.我听说在中国庆祝母亲节和父亲节正变得越来越流行。1)is becoming是现在进行时结构,表示“正变得,逐渐”。常用于此结构的还有get,turn等。Look!The sky is becoming darker and darker.看!天空正变得越来越暗。2)more and more popular意为“越来越流行”。形容词或副词的比较级重复使用,并用and连接,表示程度的增加,意为“越来越...”,这一句型的结构为“比较级+and+比较级”。部分双音节或多音节的形容词或副词表达这一含义时,应用“more and more+原级”这种结构表示。Spring is coming and it is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气正变得越来越暖和了。27 Actually, we don’t have to spend a lot of money.事实上,我们不必花费很多钱。1)actually副词,意为“事实上,实际上”。常用于强调情况的真实性,往往是在出人意料或跟刚刚所说的话形成对照的情况下使用。She looks young, but she’s actually 60.她看上去年轻,可实际上她已经60岁了。2)have to意为“必须,不得不”,强调由于外界客观因素要求主语不得不做某事,有人称、数和时态的变化,其后接动词原形。Because he had no money, he had to drop out of school.因为没有钱,他不得不辍学。辨析:have to与must①have to 必须,不得不 表示客观的需要,有人称、数和时态的变化 don’t have to表示“不必”②must 必须,一定 表示说话人主观上的看法,must只有一种形式 mustn’t表示“禁止”28 It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.相反,帮父母做事也是个好主意。1)“It is +名词+动词不定式”。是固定句式,其中it实行时主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。It’s a good habit to go to bed early and get up early. 早睡早起是个好习惯。2)instead副词,意为“代替;相反;而;却”。If Kate can’t attend the meeting, I could go instead.如果凯特不能去开会,我可以代她去。辨析:instead与instead of①instead副词,表示“代替,相反 单独使用”②instead of 介词短语,表示“代替”,其后一般可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式29 A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens. 《圣诞欢歌》是查尔斯.狄更斯写的一部著名的短篇小说。句中的written by Charles Dickens是过去分词短语,在句中做定语,修饰前面的名词novel。过去分词做定语时,一般位于所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,多表示已完成的动作或与被修饰的词构成被动关系。Harry Potter was the novel written by J.K.Rowling.《哈利·波特》是J.K.罗琳写的小说。30 Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died. 马利曾经就像斯克鲁奇一样,所以他死后被惩罚。1)辨析:used to do; be used to doing; be used to do;①be/get used to doing习惯于做...He gets used to living in the city. 他习惯了生活在城里。②be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth.Stamps are used to post letters.= Stamps are used for posting letters.邮票是用来寄信的。③used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。表示过去做过的事现在已经不做,只用于过去时态。He used to wear glasses, but now he is used to wearing contact lenses.他以前常戴眼镜,但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。2)punish的用法punish为动词,意为“处罚;惩罚”。Anyone who broke the traffic rules will be punished.任何违反交通规则的人都要受到惩罚。31 He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him.他警告斯克鲁奇,如果不想落得和他一样的下场,就要改变自己的生活方式。end up意为“终止;结束”,其后可以跟with; in; doing等:1)end up with表示“以…结束”,其后可以跟任何名词。If you do that, you’ll end up with egg on your face. 你要是那样做,必将出洋相。2)end up in后面一般接一个地点名词。If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃,早晚得进监狱。3)end up doing 表示“以做…结束”。The party ended up singing an English song. 晚会以一首英文歌而结束。拓展:at the end of...在...末端/尽头 by the end of...到...末为止 in the end 最终32 First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child. 首先第一个过去幽灵带他回到了他的儿童时期,这让斯克鲁奇想起了他孩童时期的生活。remind的用法归纳1)v. 提醒①remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to call him back.请提醒我回电话。②remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某事We must send a letter to remind them about it.外面必须给他们寄封信提醒他们。③remind sb. that+从句 提醒某人...Please remind me that I should return the books to the library. 请提醒我把书还给图书馆。2)使…想起 remind sb. of sth.This photo reminds me of my childhood.这个照片让我想起我的童年。33 He decides to change his life and promises to be a better person. 他决定改变自己的人生,并承诺去做一个更好的人。promise的用法小结1)vt. 意为“承诺,保证,答应”。①promise to do sth.答应做某事。I promised to study harder but sometimes I just can’t control myself.我答应了要努力学习,但是有时我控制不了我自己。②promise sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事。He promised me to buy a bike for my birthday gift. 他答应给我买辆自行车当生日礼物。③promise (sb.)+ that从句He promised me that he would buy a bike for my birthday gift.他答应给我买辆自行车当生日礼物。④promise sb. sth. =promise sth. to sb. 承诺某人某物He promised a new bike to his daughter. = He promised his daughter a new bike.他承诺她的女儿,送她一辆自行车。2)n. 意为“诺言;承诺;保证”make a promise 做出承诺 keep one’s promise遵守诺言 break one’s promise违背诺言He is always making promises and then breaking them.他总是做出承诺,然后违背诺言。34 But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us. 所以的这些都体现了圣诞节的真谛:同我们身边的人们分享、传递爱和快乐的重要性。本句是一个完全倒装句。介词短语behind all these things做状语位于句首,句子构成完全倒装,即谓语lies在前,主语the true meaning of Christmas在后。谓语动词的单复数由主语决定。Outside the house were two dogs.房子的外面有两只狗。四、单元语法感叹句1)定义:表达强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫做感叹句。感叹句读时要用降调,句末用感叹号。2)由 what 引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:①可用句型:“ What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊!②可用句型:“ What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”。What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊!What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!③可用句型:“ What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊!What interesting news it is! 多有趣的新闻啊!2)由 how 引导的感叹句,其句子结构也分为三种①可用句型:“ How +形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语!”。How lonely she is!她多么可爱啊!How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!②可用句型:“ How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!③可用句型:“ How +主语+谓语!”。How time flies! 光阴似箭!3)重要考点①如何快速掌握感叹句?学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句子成分位置的移动。She is smiling sweetly.→How sweetly she is smiling!(移动状语)②哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。Mr Turner told us a funny story.→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)③如何确定使用what还是使用how?当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + 名词What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语)How fast he is riding!(fast 副词)How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +名词)④如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用an,以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可数名词)What a useful book this is!(useful 以辅音音素开头)What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素开头)⑤以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + 名词”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!⑥在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)⑦有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。Good idea! (好主意!) wonderful! (太精彩了!)4)陈述句变感叹句的方法陈述句变感叹句是常见考查题型,也是一个难点。在陈述句变感叹句时,可以采取下列三个步骤:①在谓语后面断开,使句子分为两部分。He is a good worker. →He is—a good worker.②在第二部分前加上how(强调形容词、副词或动词)或what(强调名词或名词词组)He works(how)hard.He is(what)a good worker.③把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号变为感叹号,同时注意大小写。How hard he works!What a good worker he is!宾语从句1)基本概念宾语从句就是一个句子做为复合句中主句谓语动词的宾语。I believe that he's a policeman.这样的句子就是that引导的宾语从句。简单地说,宾语从句是由that 或者疑问词引导,充当复合句中主句谓语的宾语的一个完整的句子。由于连接手段的不同,宾语从句可分为:that 引导的宾语从句、关系代词wh-引导的宾语从句、关系副词wh-或者if /whether 引导的宾语从句几种形式。针对宾语从句部分的考试,考察要点主要有这三个方面:①主句和从句之间连接词的选择,②主句和从句之间时态的选择,③从句中句子的语言顺序的确定。简单总结就是:引导词,时态、从句语序。2)宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句是主从复合句中的具体形式。它由两部分构成:主句+宾语从句。而在主句和宾语从句之间需要引导词来连接。也就是:主句+引导词+宾语从句。引导词主要有以下三种情况:第一,如果宾语从句是陈述句概念,用引导词that,在口语中可以省略。第二,如果宾语从句表述一般疑问句的语义,引导词就用if或whether。第三种情况,宾语从句表述特殊疑问句的语义,引导词用特殊疑问词。补充:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外。①当从句作介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.我们正在讨论我们是否能去野餐。②引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether. Please let me know what to do next.请告诉我接下来该做什么。③if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.3)结构①及物动词+that引导宾语从句I know that he is my uncle.我知道他是我叔叔。②if 或者whether 引导的宾语从句,其中if 和whether翻译为“是否”。We doubted wheather that girl could stand the bad weather there.我们怀疑那个女孩是否能忍受那里糟糕的天气。③特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,这些特殊疑问词包括what,who why where how 等等。No one can lose what he never had. 人是不会失去他从不曾拥有过的东西。Wisdom first teaches what is right. 智慧首先教会人什么是正确的。4)宾语从句的时态一般来说,英语从句的时态,主要是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的。但宾语从句主要有三种情况:①主现不限:主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或者是祈使句的时候,从句的时态要根据具体的情况,选用相应的时态,而不受从句的限制。②主过从过:如果主句的时态是过去时,那么从句的时态则要用与过去相应的某一时态。③客观不变:如果从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象或者是普遍真理的时候,从句的时态要用一般现在时。宾语从句的时态呼应:宾语从句的时态与主句的时态多数情况下是相呼应的。①主句是一般现在时态或者一般将来时态的时候,从句谓语的时态不受影响,可以是任意时态。She knows that he is kind.她知道他是个友善的人。You will know that he was helpful.你将会了解他以前是个乐于主人的人。②主句是一般过去时态,从句用对应的表示过去的某种时态,可能是一般过去时态、过去进行时态、过去将来时态、过去完成时态。He wondered if /whether they would have the meeting next week.他想知道下周他们是否将有个会议5)宾语从句的语序宾语从句要使用陈述语句,即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Could you please tell me where the supermarket is 你能告诉我超市在哪里?We understood how he was feeling .我们知道他当时的感受。6)宾语从句的注意事项①宾语从句中that可以省略I know you are right.我知道你是对的。②当宾语从句的内容是真理性的东西,或者“现在”还是事实的情况的时候,尽管主句用到的是过去时态,从句不受主句时态影响,可以用各种时态。They were taught that earth moves around the sun. 当时就有人教过他们,地球是围绕太阳转的③宾语从句的否定前移否定前移在宾语从句中出现时,主句的主语是第一人称I或we,同时主句的谓语动词常为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等词。表达形式中,否定在主句,实际语义在从句。只不过从句中的否定,移到了主句谓语动词的前面。I don't think he is right.我认为他是错的。注意:翻译要遵循否定转移的特点,否定在从句;反问时,反问对应从句且用肯定形式。I don't think Tom will come .我认为汤姆不会来。I dont expect that any one will help me .预计不会有人帮助我④宾语从句的转化宾语从句的转化实际是把宾语从句的转化为短语或其他从句类型,主要有下面几种情况:1.主句+宾语从句=主谓+to do sth2.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+(疑问词)to do sth3.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+sb/sth4.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+宾语补足语5.此外,主句+what宾语从句=主句+定语从句具体:①主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.我决定去帮助他。②当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.她忘了是怎么打开窗户的。注:当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。Could you tell me how I can get to the station?→Could you tell me how to get to the station?你能告诉我怎么到车站吗?②当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.校长下令我们应该立马出发。③某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.他坚持应该和我们一起走。④某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.刘平发现地方一个钱包。⑤此外,it做形式主语+宾语从句的结构也可以不定式(短语)来简化。It seemed/seems that从句→It seemed/seems to do .It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.似乎男生会赢。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览