资源简介 元音a,e,i,o,u及其字母组合我家dad(爸爸),脾气bad(坏),让我sad(伤心难过)有只cat(猫咪),非常fat(肥胖),专吃rat(鼠)放下plate(盘子),赶到gate(门口),已经late(晚了)清晨wake(醒),来到lake(湖边),钓上snake(蛇)撇下net(网),鱼没get(得到),衣服wet(湿了)为捉pest(害虫),从不rest(休息),本领best(最棒)一只pig(猪),非常big(大),把洞dig(挖)没给tip(小费),把我lip(唇),装上zip(拉链)一只kite(风筝),颜色white(白色),被狗bite(咬)学会ride(骑车),妈妈pride(自豪)清晨jog(慢跑),带上dog(狗),踩到frog(青蛙)轻轻hop(跳),跳上top(顶部), 唱起pop(流行音乐)把眼close(闭上),用我nose(鼻子),去闻rose(玫瑰)喝着coke(可乐),听着joke(笑话),把腰broke(扭伤)举着gun(枪),瞄准sun(太阳),不停run(跑)小小bug(虫),把我hug(环抱)找个excuse(借口),借车use(用),遭到refuse(拒绝)假装mute(哑巴的),真是cute(聪明的)开着car(车),向着star(星星),路途far(遥远)想变smart(睿智),必须start(开始) ,学习art(艺术)一个driver(司机),掉进river(河里),生命over(结束)一个robber(强盗),专抢rubber(橡胶)穿上shirt(衬衫),脱下skirt(裙子),扔进dirt(污垢)这只bird(鸟),总跑third(第三)个子short(短小),喜欢sport(运动),跑到airport(太空)拿着fork(叉),吃着pork(猪肉)一个nurse(护士),丢了purse(钱包)买只turtle(龟),颜色purple(紫色)o及其字母组合的发音一只goat(山羊),穿件coat(外套),上了boat(小船)一片oat(燕麦),卡在throat(喉咙)燃烧oil(石油),直到boil(沸腾),倒进soil(土壤)是否join(加入),抛起coin(硬币)带上hook(钩),来到brook(溪),水面look(看)手拿book(书),一边look(看),开始cook(做饭)炎热noon(中午),跳上spoon(勺子),飞到moon(月球)一个fool(傻瓜),掉进pool(水池),真是cool(凉爽)西瓜round(圆的),长在ground(地面),被我found(发现)一只mouse(耗子), 穿件blouse(衬衫),走进house(屋子)天在snow(下雪), 风在blow(吹),树在grow(生长)秋风follow(追随),树叶yellow(黄色),落到pillow(枕头)不知cow(牛),近况how(怎样),去问now(现在)一座town(镇),不停down(下沉),快要drown(埋没)e,a字母组合的发音一只bee(蜜蜂),躲进tree(树),没人see(看见)悬崖deep(深),开着jeep(吉普),莫要sleep(睡觉)抱着Barbie(芭比),吃着cookie(饼干), 看着movie(电影)被我niece(侄女),摔成piece(碎片)丢了glue(胶水),没有clue(线索),脸气blue(蓝色)手拿tissue(组织,薄纱),排好queue(列队)一颗pea(豌豆),掉进sea(大海),泡壶tea(茶)身体weak(虚弱),爬上peak(高峰),无力speak(说话)吞进lead(铅,领导),摸摸head(头),已经dead(死了)吃着bread(面包),报纸spread(展开),开始read(读)不停train(训练),没有pain(付出),哪有gain(收货)把手raise(举起),老师praise(赞扬)小狗paw(爪子),拿根straw(稻草,吸管),把画draw(画,拉)坐在lawn(草坪),学习law(法律)y及其字母组合的发音抱着puppy(小狗),心里happy(快乐)被窝cozy(舒适),床上lazy(怠惰的),真是crazy(疯狂的,着迷的)如果shy(腼腆),不敢try(尝试),飞机会fly(飞行)不停cry(哭泣),眼泪dry(干涸),下锅fry(油炸)很多day(天),没发pay(薪水,工资),无话say(说)天空gray(灰暗),无心play(玩耍),回家stay(呆着)顽皮monkey(猴子),捡起key(钥匙),扔向donkey(驴,傻瓜)为了honey(亲爱的,宝贝),节省money(钱,支出)有个boy(男孩),玩着toy(玩具),心中joy(喜悦)跳进soy(黄豆,酱油),尽情enjoy(享受)三个字母组合的发音一只hare(野兔),居然dare(敢),对我stare(盯)困难share(分担),互相care(关心),赶走scare(恐惧)天气fair(转晴,公平),凉爽air(空气),吹拂hair(头发)崭新chair(椅子),滚下stair(楼梯), 需要repair(维修)昨天fire(火,开除),今天hire(聘请),后天retire(退休)扑灭fire(大火),真是tire(疲惫)离我near(近),含着tear(泪,撕扯),叫我dear(亲爱的)一头bear(熊,承受),裙子wear(穿着),采摘pear(梨)一只deer(鹿),举起beer(啤酒), 大喊cheers(干杯)这个engineer(工程师),事事pioneer(先锋)c及其字母组合的发音洗完face(脸),系好lace(带子,花边),参加race(竞赛)吃着rice(米),加点ice(冰),口喊nice(好)听听music(音乐),变变magic(魔术),吃吃garlic(大蒜)看完comic(滑稽,喜剧),野外picnic(野餐)动作quick(迅速),把只cock(公鸡),藏进sock(袜子)脱下jacket(夹克),忘记ticket(车票), 还在pocket(口袋)同学each(每),手拿peach(桃子),来到beach(海滩)观众watch(观看),激烈match(比赛),球来catch(接着)n及其字母组合的发音天气sunny(晴朗),身无penny(一分钱),感觉funny(滑稽,有趣)最快runner(跑步者), 成了winner(胜利者), 享受dinner(晚餐)拿起ink(墨),不加think(考虑),仰头drink(饮用)敌人tank(坦克,池塘),装上bank(银行,储库),老天thank(感谢山路along(顺着,沿着),跑步long(过长),身体strong(强壮)像个king(国王),插上wing(翼,翅膀),不停swing(摆动,挥舞)美好spring(春天),歌儿sing(唱),鲜花bring(带来)一首song(歌),歌词long(长),总唱wrong(错)q,x,l,r及其dr,tr的发音一头fox(狐狸),躲避ox(牛),藏进box(盒子)忘背text(文本,课本),绝无next(下次)身体ill(生病),买来pill(药),堆成hill(山)饭后hurry(匆忙),书包carry(带上), 迟到sorry(对不起)一根needle(针),掉进noodle(面条)我家parrot(鹦鹉),爱吃carrot(胡萝卜)做个dream(梦),掉进stream(溪流), 大声scream(惊叫)穿着dress(礼服),下着chess(棋), 结果mess(糟糕)一辆truck(大卡车),满载duck(鸭子),一路luck(顺利)其他辅音字母组合的发音规律小小age(年纪),读读page(书,页),提高wage(工资)碰到trouble(问题),努力double(加倍)打开fridge(冰箱), 端出porridge(稀饭), 扔下bridge(桥)他很tough(艰难), 喝酒enough(很多),从不laugh(笑)心中wish(愿望),钓到fish(鱼),做成dish(菜)飞机crash(崩溃,坠毁),烧成ash(灰烬),损失cash(现金)一个youth(青年人),张开mouth(嘴),吹到south(南边)洗完bath(澡),学 习math(数学)我的mother(妈妈), 生个brother(弟弟), 想要another(另一个)寒冷weather(天气), 身披leather(皮革), 头戴feather(羽毛)高高sky(天空) ,不知why(为什么),掉下spy(间谍)站在peak(高峰),对天speak(说)到了night(晚上),打开light(灯),保护sight(视力)方法right(正确),坚持fight(加油),前途bright(光明)一只chick(小鸡),动作quick(快),把我kick(踢)吃饭quiet(安静,平和),注意diet(饮食)猫吃mice(老鼠mouse的复数),味道nice(好),想吃twice(第二次)这对twin(双胞胎),总是win(赢)1六大词性名词1.名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。2.名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es3.名词的所有格A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)代词人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词1.人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves2.物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。3.反身代词反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.4.指示代词指示代词的特殊用法:● 为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。● this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。5.不定代词one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等冠词1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.2.定冠词的基本用法A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。3.定冠词的特殊用法A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。F. 用在乐器名称前。G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。4.名词前不用冠词的情况A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里数词1.数字的表示三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。2.序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。出于语法和修辞目的(强调,承上启下,平衡等)的需要,把谓语的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主语之前,叫倒装语序。倒装范例引入:1、There are many students and teachers is our school.(全倒)2、What are you doing now .(半倒)3、The higher we stand ,the farther we will see. (形式倒装)倒装定义出于语法和修辞目的(强调,承上启下,平衡等)的需要,把谓语的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主语之前,叫倒装语序。倒装句的种类 ①完全倒装提前部分+谓语动词+主语。 ②部分倒装提前部分+助动词+主语+谓语相当于提前部分+一般疑问句。 ③形式倒装只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。倒装句之部分倒装在现实的语言实践中,由于语法结构的要求,或是由于修辞的需要,往往要改变句子的自然语序,把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前,我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”。下面我们就来看一下倒装句中的部分倒装。在出现以下情况时,需要使用部分倒装:情况一:only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首;如:Only after three operations was he able to walk.做过三次手术之后,他才能行走。值得注意的是,当only修饰主语时,则不倒装。如:Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。情况二:含有否定意义的副词(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首;如:Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。Little did he realize the danger he faced.他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。情况三:so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如:John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。情况四:not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。如:Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.他不但在学校教书,而且还写小说。英语语法之全部倒装精解一、全部倒装 (一)there be句型 有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型,如:stand,lie,exist,live,remain,appear,come,happen,occur,rise等。 例句:Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. 分析:该句是复合句,其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系,形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。 译文:他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家,大到经济上可运行良好,并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。 (二)表示方向、地点的状语等词置于句首 here,there,up,down,away,in,out,off等位于句首时,往往主谓倒装。 例句:Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. 分析:该句是复合句,which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。 译文:举个例子,在一次护士大会上,我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事,因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。 (三)作表语的形容词或分词置于句首 例句:Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75. 分析:该句是简单句,aged 75修饰an old man,作后置定语。 译文:一位75岁高龄的老人躺在树下,已经不省人事。搞定英语倒装句三部曲步骤一:形容词性的词置于句首或介词短语和方位副词置于句首,后紧跟系动词可判定为倒装。 解析:形容词性的词在句中作定语和表语,而置于句首说明不是做后置定语,后紧跟系动词也说明不做前置定语,因此只能是充当表语:介词短语和方位副词在句中充当状语和表语,后紧跟系动词说明只能充当表语;介词短语和方位副词在句中充当状语和表语,后紧跟动词说明只能充当表语。步骤二:V.-ing 开头的句子,后紧跟复数系动词可判定为倒装。 解析:V.-ing 开头时,通过词本身很难判断出其词性为形容词或动名词,因此只能通过系动词来判定。如果V.-ing 为动名词,那么系动词就应该是单数,所以如果出现的是复数系动词的话,可以判定为倒装。步骤三:V.-ing 开头的句子,后紧跟单数系动词,后接名词性的词可以判定为倒装。 解析:V.-ing 开头时,系动词为单数,但如果后面是名词性的词,则可能是倒装也可能不是倒装,比如: Playing basketball is an interesting game.(不是倒装) Playing basketball is my cousin who is from the New York(倒装) 如果我们把第一个句子倒装一下也不会产生歧义,符合英语习惯,因此我们就把单数系动词加名词性的词统统判定为倒装。示例: 例1:Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable as such , often distorted into gorgeous , weird , but always functional shapes . Surrounding开头,后接复数系动词可以判定为倒装;正常语序为:Three sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable are surrounding the column.这里倒装的目的是为了平衡句子结构,使对于主语的修饰更加充分。 译文:三个瓣片和三个萼片有时候是这样的容易被认出来,但是经常被扭曲成了美丽的、奇怪的,但经常是有用的一些形状,这些瓣片和萼片就围绕着这个柱子展开。 例2:Most important , perhaps , was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist , Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River 为主语从句,在翻译的时候应先翻译冗长的主语从句。 译文:他们几乎忠诚地在坚持着和美国第一个流行景观艺术家托马斯柯尔的技法和构图原则一致的技法和原则,柯尔一直从事着描绘哈德逊两岸的Catskill山风景的事业。表示方位的介词:in, to, on1. in 表示在某地范围之内。Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。2. to 表示在某地范围之外。Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。表示计量的介词:at, for, by1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。表示材料的介词:of, from, in1. of 成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。2. from 成品已看不出原料。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。2. with表示“用某种工具”。He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。3. on 表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。表示关于的介词:of, about, on1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Can you tell me something about yourself 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗?3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。表原因或理由的介词:for, at, from, of, with, by, because of1. for 表示原因,与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. at 指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。3. from 指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。4. of 指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。6. by 表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.他因生病上个月退休了.8. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。9. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。10. out of 表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。11. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。表示好像或当作的介词:like, as1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。表示支持或反对的介词:against, foragainst 反对,for支持,互为反义词。Are you for my idea or against it 你赞同还是反对我的想法?表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, excep1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影(共计31人去)。He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动(我并不激动)。All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(他不是日本人)注意:(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)但except for 有时也可代替 except,特别是在句首时,因为 except 是不能用于句首的。Except for George, you can all go. 除乔治外,你们都可以去。1. Every minute counts.分秒必争。2. Every mother's child is handsome.孩子是自己的好。3. Every potter praises his pot.王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸。4. Everything is good when new, but friends when old.东西是新的好,朋友是老的亲。5. Example is better then percept.说一遍,不如做一遍。6. Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。7. Experience must be bought.吃一堑,长一智。8. Fact speak louder than words.事实胜於雄辩。9. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。10. False friends are worse than bitter enemies.明枪易躲,暗箭难防。11. Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见,心不烦。12. Far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。13. Faults are thick where love is thin.一朝情意淡,样样不顺眼。14. Fear always springs from ignorance.恐惧源於无知。15. Fields have eyes, and woods have ears.隔墙有耳。16. Fire and water have no mercy.水火无情。17. Fire is a good servant but a bad master.火是一把双刃剑。18. First come, first served.先来后到。19. First impressions are half the battle.初次见面,印象最深。20. First think and then speak.先想后说。21. Fools grow without watering.朽木不可雕。22. Fool's haste is no speed.欲速则不达。23. Fools has fortune.呆人有呆福。24. Fools learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools.愚者不学无术,智者不耻下问。25. Forbidden fruit is sweet.禁果格外香。26. Fortune favors those who use their judgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。27. Fortune knocks once at least at every man's gate.风水轮流转。28. Four eyes see more than two.集思广益。29. Friends agree best at distance.朋友之间也会保持距离。30. Friends must part.再好的朋友也有分手的时候。31. Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才不过是勤奋而已。32. Give a dog a bad name and hang him.众口铄金,积毁销骨。33. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。34. Gold will not buy anything.黄金并非万能。34. Good for good is natural, good for evil is manly.以德报德是常理,以德报怨大丈夫。35. Good health is over wealth.健康是最大的财富。36. Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口利於病。37. Good watch prevents misfortune.谨慎消灾。38. Great barkers are no biters.好狗不挡道。39. Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。40. Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。41. Great men have great faults.英雄犯大错误。42. Great men's sons seldom do well.富不过三代。43. Great trees are good for nothing but shade.大树底下好乘凉。44. Great wits have short memories.贵人多忘事。45. Greedy folks have long arms.心贪手长。46. Guilty consciences make men cowards.做贼心虚。47. Habit cures habit.心病还需心药医。48. Handsome is he who does handsomely.行为漂亮才算美。49. Happiness takes no account of time.欢乐不觉时光过。50. Happy is he who owes nothing.要想活得痛快,身上不能背债。56. Happy is the man who learns from the misfortunes of others.吸取他人教训,自己才会走运。57. Harm set, harm get.害人害己。58. Hasty love, soon cold.一见锺情难维久。59. Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。60. Health is happiness.健康就是幸福。61. Hear all parties.兼听则明。62. Heaven never helps the man who will not act.自己不动,叫天何用。63. He is a fool that forgets himself.愚者忘乎所以。64. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.背后说好话,才是真朋友。65. He is a wise man who speaks little.聪明不是挂在嘴上。66. He is lifeless that is faultless.只有死人才不犯错误。67. He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.正人先正己。68. He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.自嘲者不会让人见笑。69. He is wise that is honest.诚实者最明智。70. He knows most who speaks least.大智若愚。71. He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。72. He sets the fox to keep the geese.引狼入室。73. He that climbs high falls heavily.爬得越高,摔得越重。74. He that will not work shall not eat.不劳动者不得食。75. He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟,不进则退。76. He who makes constant complaint gets little compassion.经常诉苦,没人同情。77. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.想不犯错误,就一事无成。78. He who risks nothing gains nothing.收获与风险并存。79. History repeats itself.历史往往重演。80. Honesty is the best policy.做人诚信为本。81. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。82. I cannot be your friend and your flatterer too.朋友不能阿谀奉承。83. If a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me.上当一回头,再多就可耻。84. If you make yourself an ass, don't complain if people ride you.人善被人欺,马善被人骑。85. If your ears glow, someone is talking of you.耳朵发烧,有人念叨。86. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.脚踏两条船,必定落空。87. If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.杀鸡取卵。88. If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。89. If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.要想求知,就得吃苦。90. Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母。91. It is better to die when life is a disgrace.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。92. It is easier to get money than to keep it.挣钱容易攒钱难。93. It is easy to be wise after the event.事后诸葛亮好当。94. It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。95. It is hard to please all.众口难调。96. It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。96. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。97. It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难。98. It is the unforeseen that always happens.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。99. It is too late to grieve when the chance is past.坐失良机,后悔已迟。100. It never rains but it pours.不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。101. It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木,百年树人。102. Jack of all trades and master of none.门门精通,样样稀松。103. Judge not from appearances.人不可貌相,海不可斗量。104. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢,疏而不漏。105. Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。106. Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。107. Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it.君王发狂,百姓遭殃。108. Kings have long arms.普天之下,莫非王土。109. Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。110. Knowledge makes humble, and ignorance makes proud.博学使人谦逊,无知使人骄傲。111. Learn and live.活着,为了学习。112. Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse.好人越学越好,坏人越学越坏。113. Learn not and know not.不学无术。114. Learn to walk before you run.先学走,再学跑。115. Let bygones be bygones.过去的就让它过去吧。116. Let sleeping dogs lie.别惹麻烦。117. Let the cat out of the bag.漏天机。118. Lies can never changes fact.谎言终究是谎言。119. Lies have short legs.谎言站不长。120. Life is but a span.人生苦短。121. Life is half spent before we know what it is.人过半生,方知天命。123. Life is not all roses.人生并不是康庄大道。124. Life without a friend is death.没有朋友,虽生犹死。125. Like a rat in a hole.瓮中之鳖。126. Like author, like book.文如其人。127. Like father, like son.有其父必有其子。128. Like for like.一报还一报。129. Like knows like.惺惺相惜。130. Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。131. Like teacher, like pupil.什么样的老师教什么样的学生。132. Like tree, like fruit.羊毛出在羊身上。133. Little things amuse little minds.小人无大志。134. Look before you leap.摸清情况再行动。135. Lookers-on see more than players.当局者迷,旁观者清。136. Losers are always in the wrong.胜者为王,败者为寇。137. Lost time is never found again.岁月既往,一去不回。138. Love at first sight.一见锺情。139. Love cannot be compelled.爱情不能强求。140. Love is blind.爱情是盲目的。141. Love is full of trouble.爱情充满烦恼。142. Love is never without jealousy.没有妒忌就没有爱情。143. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。144. Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。145. Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友。146. Man is the soul of the universe.人是万物之灵。147. Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人,成事在天。148. Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。149. Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。150. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.日吃苹果一只,身体健康不求医。1英语的词类句子要由词组成,英语词类有十种:句中成分用实词,名、代、动、副、数、形容;冠、介、连词和感叹,虚词附加或沟通。词类功能掌握了,造句之时好运用。2语序歌主、谓、宾、表同汉语,定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊,不能全和汉语比。3肯定句变一般疑问句have和be提句首,其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变,动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个,第一助词提句首。4肯定句变否定句否定句中加not,放在be和have后。其它要加动词do,do的后面加not,时间、人称由do变,动词原形总保留。谓语若是助词多,not紧跟第一个。5名词的所有格名词只变数,不分主宾格。人和动物类,可变所有格。撇(’)后加s,相当汉语“的”。时间、距离等,也变所有格。6名词变复数单数变为复数式,加上“s”统言之。下列结尾名词后,要加“s”先加“e”:发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z],或是辅音加“o”时。有些名词变复数,词尾变化要注意:“y”前字母是辅音, 一律变“y”为“ie”;遇到“f / fe”,有时需要变“ve”少数名词不规则,特别情况靠硬记。7时间名词前所有介词的速记年月周前要用 in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用“on”,上午下午又是“in”。要说某日上下午,用>午夜黄昏用 at,黎明用它也不错。at 也在时分前,说“差”用 to,说“过”要用 past。8介词用法歌介词加宾语,才能有实意。表、定、状、宾、补,词组在句里。9介词顺口溜in 在……里,out 在……外,在旁边的是 beside,靠近的为 by。on 在……上,under 在……下,above 在上头,below 在底下。10be的用法歌动词be,变化大,“I”用“am”“You”用“are”,Is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she)复数一定要用“are”,切莫用错闹笑话。11动词的时态四种时间各四式,联想对比便于记。时间现在和过去,各自还有将来时。一般、完成、进行式,完成进行是四式。四四共有十六种,看来复杂掌握易;除去have / be以外,动词变化有规律。12动词形式的变化动词根本是原形,变化形式有四种:原形词尾加“s”,现在第三单人称;过去原形加“ed”,过去分词也相同;原形加上“ing”,现在分词或动名。原形词尾加“s”,如同名词复数式。若加“ed / ing”,以下情况要注意:词尾有 ie 只加 d,Ing去掉无声 e ;词尾 ie 变成 y ,然后再加 ing ;辅音之后y结尾,Y要变 i 加 ed;现在分词不变y,直接加上ing;词尾重读闭音节,结尾辅音都双写,r 做结尾也一样,重读音节 r 双写;结尾字母若是“t”,不是重读也双写。过去分词过去式,不按规则也有些。13动词不定式不带to的动词五看(notice,observe,see,look at,watch),三使役(have,let,make),二听(hear,listen to),一感觉(feel)。按:在上述动词后做宾语补语用的不定式不带to。14非谓语动词动词不做谓语用,不定、分词与动名。to 加原形不定式,词组可做名、副、形。分词现在和过去,相当副词和形容。原形加上“ing”,动词具有名词性。15基数词变序数词(之一)基变序,有规律,词尾字母 tdd 。①八减 t,九减 e,f 要把 ve 替。②ty 把 y 变成 i ,记住th前有个e。③注:① 指first、second、third。② 指eight去掉t,nine去掉e,five和twelve去掉ve加上f。③ 指twenty→twentieth等。16基数词变序数词(之二)第一、二、三要全变,①其余“th”加后边,②“th”里有例外,你需格外记明白:八减 t,九减 e,③字母 f 代ve,④ty 变 tie。⑤注:①>② four-fourth,seven-seventh,hundred-hundredth。。③ eight-eighth ,nine-ninth。④ five-fifth,twelve-twelfth。⑤ twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth。17there be 的位置和用法说明何时何地有,there be在主语前。随着主语第一个,be的形式做变换。18be going 的用法be going 是助动词,后跟加 to 不定式。说明“准备”或“就要”,时间人称只变 be。19have+gothave 作为动词“有”,助动词也有have;have got 惯用语,got 可有也可无。若变否定疑问,去掉 got 再加 do;或把 have 提句首,not 加在 have 后。20以or结尾的词售票员班长(照)镜子,蓖麻教授(找)医生。注:有些同学常把-or结尾的词误拼为-er结尾的词。初中课本1-6册只有六个以-or结尾的词。它们是:doctor,monitor,conductor,mirror,castor,professor。21以f(e)结尾的名词复数以f(e)结尾的名词,在中学课本里,出现了不少。其名词复数形式:有的直接在-f(e)后加s;有的要改-f(e)为ve再加-s;个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。似乎不易记住这些规则,可只要记只下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了。妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。注:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以上-f(s)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同(如myself→ourselves;yourself→yourselves;himselfherself,itself→themselves)。确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点:①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。 注意篇章结构合理布局一般为三段式开始部分——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分——对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,去除与主题无关的内容。写作技巧一、如何开篇技巧1:主旨设问更给力I think it's very important for us to do sports. Why Because it's good for our health and study. I think it's very important for us to protect environment. Why Because it's good for living. I think it's very important for us to learn English. Why Because it's the most-widely used language in the world. 技巧2:从我们到我Different people have different _____, but / and I have / prefer ____二、如何写正文句型变化:变化原则1:表达观点要“自我” In my opinion, we should pay much more attention on the weak subjects! 变化原则2:两句之间要过渡 I left my pen at home. What was worse, the drugstore was closed that day.变化原则3:凡是问题阐述用形容词句型普通级句型The environment is bad. 比较级句型The environment is getting worse and worse.The environment is getting much worse than before.最高级句型I have never seen the worse environment.变化原则4:表达作用多用it句式 Reading is a good way to relax myself. Watching movies is a wonderful way to learn English. 变化原则5:增强情感转感叹 How beneficial it is for us to read!How important it is for students to do sports.变化原则6:事情到感情句型I was very happy that I got an A in English last term. It makes me feel happy that I got an A in English last term. 变化原则7:形容词句型升级It was an unusual experience in my life. It was one of the most unusual experience in my life. 变化原则8:活用there be结合定从Many reasons made me like reading. There are many reasons why I enjoy reading词汇变化:变化原则1:make更有feel I made a progress in English. I feel proud. It makes me feel proud to make a progress in English.变化原则2:连词不再用and增补 not only…but also…, as well as… 进阶 what's more / worse , furthermore 转折 while, however 变化原则3:喜欢不再like用be fond of, enjoy, be crazy about 变化原则4:提出措施尽量不用should用suppose, had better, have no choice but, it's our duty to三、如何结尾1.各种号召——事不宜迟Don't put it off. 2.各种越来越——多多益善the+比较级+主谓,the +比较级+主谓 越…就越…The better we take care of the environment, the more beautiful the world will be.3. 名言警句 学习类 Practice makes perfect. 运动类 Rome was not built in a day. 环保类 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.爱好类 Interest is the best teacher. 写作锦囊锦囊1:巧用连接词过渡1) 次序关系: first, first of all, to begin with, to start with, second, next, then, afterwards, finally, eventually, lastly, at last, last but not least 2) 因果关系: because, since, as, for, due to, in view of, for this reason, for the reason that..., as a result, so, therefore, thus, hence, so that 3) 转折关系: but, however, though, even though 4) 并列关系: and, also, too, as well as, either, or, both...and... 5) 递进关系: moreover, in this way, not only...but also..., not...but..., in addition (to), besides, on the one hand..., on the other hand..., in order tot, meanwhile 6) 比较关系:like, likewise, similarly, compared with, compared to, apart from, rather than 7) 对照关系: rather, neither...nor, although, though, but, however,on the contrary, different from this 8) 举例关系:like, such as, for example, in particular, including, as for, as to, according to 9) 强调关系: in fact, especially, particularly, obviously, what is more important, certainly, of course, without a doubt 10) 条件关系:if, unless, lest, provided that, if it is the case, in this sense, once,if possible, if necessary, if so 11) 归纳总结: therefore, in short, in brief, in other words, on the whole, in sum, to sum up, in conclusion, in summary, to conclude, the conclusion can be drawn that..., for this reason锦囊2:掌握常用句型1.in order to 为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。He worked very hard in order to realize his dream. 3.so…that 他们太累了,除了伸懒腰什么都做不了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn. 5.would rather…than 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 6.not only…but also 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程,而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons , but also received her doctor's degree. 7.either…or 如果考试过关,你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。 You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam. 8.neither…nor 他是一个无聊的人,既不爱娱乐,也不爱读书。He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading. 9.not…until 直到他告诉我发生的事,我才了解真相。I didn't know the truth until she told me what happened. 10.find it adj to do… 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to take own notes while listening.11.as well as 他善良又乐于助人。He was kind as well as helpful. 12.…as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。The child is active and funny as well. 13.one…the other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗?一支是红色的,另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on the desk One is red, the other is black. 14.some…others 每个人都很忙,有些在读书,有些在写作。Every one is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing. 被动语态讲解一、意义:表示主语是动作的承受者,一般可翻译为"……被……”。二、结构1. 一般现在时态的被动语态:主语+ am/ is/ are done。如:1) Stamps are used by people for sending letters. 邮票被人们用来邮寄信件。2) Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球。2.一般过去时态的被动语态:主语+ was/ were done如:1) The Great Wall was built by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 两千年前,长城被中国人民建造。2) Thousands of trees on the mountain was planted by the Young Pioneers last year. 去年山上上千棵树被少先队员种植。3.一般将来时态的被动语态:主语+ will be done主语+ be going to be done如:1) He said another bridge will be built over the river next year. 他说,明年这条河上将会建另一座桥。2) About 500 cars will be produced in the factory next month. 下个月大约500辆小汽车将在这个工厂被生产。4.含情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+ be done如:1) The old men and the children must be taken good care of in our country. 在我国,老人和孩子应该被好好保护。2)Alice is ill. She must be sent to hospital at once. 爱丽丝病了。她必须马上被送医院。5.现在进行时态的被动语态:主语+ be being done如:Look! A new library is being built in our school. 看!一个新的图书馆正在我们学校建起来。6.现在完成时态的被动语态:主语+ have/ has been done如:1) 20 percent of the animals have been killed by now.到目前为止,百分之二十的动物被杀死。2) The article has been turned into English.这篇文章被翻译成了英语。注意事项:1.不用被动语态的词:半系动词,happen, take place, sell+adv., come true等。如:1) This kind of TV set sells well.这种电视卖得好。2)The story happened in Paris in the early twentieth century. 这个故事发生在二十世纪早期的巴黎。3)Great changes have taken place in our country these years.这些年中国发生了巨大的变化。4)The food smells terrible.这些食物闻起来难闻。2. 注意短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如:1)The old should be taken good care of.老人应该被好好照顾。 2)All the lights had been turned off before we left the classroom.在我们离开教室之前,所有的灯都被熄灭了。2. make sb./ sth. do, have sb./ sth. do, see sb. do, watch sb. do, hear sb. do等使役动词主动形式中没有to, 但是它们的被动形式要加to。如:be made to do,be seen to do,be heard to doHe was seen to go into the building. 他被看到进入那座大楼。4. 一般一套题中选项中有被动语态的,先考虑用被动语态。中考真题1. (2022年北京市)On our farm, the tea leaves ________by hand when they are ready.A. pickB. pickedC. are pickedD. were picked2. (2022年天津市)A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.A. protect B. is protected C. are protected D. protected3.(2022年河北省)—Mmm…Delicious. What is it —It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.A. calls B. is called C. called D. was called4. (2022年海南省)Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining5. (2022年重庆市A卷)His guitar ______as a gift for him last week.A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought6.(2022年重庆市B卷)Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built7. (2022年江苏省扬州市)—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.A. organizesB. organizedC. was organizedD. will be organized8.(2022年湖南省株洲市)Three Chinese astronauts (宇航员) ______ to China Space Station successfully on June 5,2022.A.sent B.are sent C.were sent9. (2022年江苏省无锡市)The chief engineer announced that they ________ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022.A. have built B. had built C. will build D. would build10. (2022年江苏省无锡市)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.A. set up B. was set up C. took up D. was taken up11. (2022年山东省济南市)The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us.A. is forgotten B. forget C. be forgotten D. forgot12. (2022年山东省菏泽市)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world __________ on the streets of Chang’an.A. is found B. has been found C. will be found D. could be found13. (2022年湖北省十堰市)The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.A. built B. was built C. has built D. was building14. (2022年湖北省怀化市)Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.A. invented B. was invented C. is invented答案1-5 CCBBD 6-10 DCCBB 11-14 CDBB1.首段和尾段一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。许多文章开门见山地在第一段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点,而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论证进行总结。策略:通过一些标志性词汇或者短语,我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子,如:all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus 等。主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力,因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。2. 长难句长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在,其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等,有的句子甚至长达好几行。这些复杂的句型也往往成为了出题的重点所在。策略:加强训练自己对付长难句的能力,平时有意识地去分解这些句子,理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。3. 列举处标志性的词汇包括:First, Second, Third… ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly… Finally; First of all, Then, In addition, Further, Furthermore, Besides, Moreover…策略:把这些词圈起来,考题中一般会出现四个选项对比,这样非常好在文章中找。4. 举例处例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联,具有重大的意义,因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显,一般都带有如下的标志性词汇:for example, for instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like等。策略:一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点,所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读,才能保证所选答案的正确率。5. 因果关系处表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源,因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系,出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力,经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考,因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因,考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系,防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有:because, because of, so, for, since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result; result from, result in, cause, originate from, lead to, attribute to, derive from; base, basis, reason, result, consequence 等。6. 转折、对比、类比处文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方,一些明显的转折词包括:but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等。策略:转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的,而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此,在阅读过程中看到转折词,最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找。特别需要指出的是,只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物,这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点。7. 特殊词汇处中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解,这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。策略:解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文,从而推断中其意思。8. 数字和年代中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查,看似容易,但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数。其中要注意以下几点原则:① 如果出现需要进行运算的题目,一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案;② 如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合,那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题,只选择与题目相关的那个数据;③ 要注意年份和世纪之间的差别,比如1999 年就是20 世纪,2009年就是21 世纪,也就是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加1。9. 专有名词所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专有名词。在阅读文章的过程中,每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记,以便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位。10. 最高级词汇最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性,因而不容易产生歧义,所以也经常成为出题对象。这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级,以及以下词汇:only, sole (solely), mere (merely), sheer, simply, entirely, absolutely, just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere)等。11.引用处说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点,也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此,引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点,有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性,所以也是出题考查的热点地区,通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。12.段首和段尾无论是说明文还是议论文,一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证,每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强,文章结构都非常规范,因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句,因此也是出题的重点区域,涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到,在进行快速阅读的时候,考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。13.特殊标点符号有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象,因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉:冒号、括号、破折号以及引号。逗号:两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容,通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。冒号:冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容,例如前面是抽象的概念后面就是对这个概念的具体说明。括号:括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容。破折号:两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容,通常表示解释说明或者补充说明。引号:表示引用他人的观点,一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者的观点。相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题。需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不会明确说明,需要考生自己去判断并根据具体情况分析标点符号的用法。真题演练March 16th is World Sleep Day. This year’s slogan (标语) is “Breathe Easily, Sleep Well”. Its aim is to celebrate the benefits (好处) of good and healthy sleep.Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop.According to the National Sleep Foundation in the US, adults need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. For students aged 10 to 17, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night.But many students don’t get enough sleep because of early school start times and heavy homework. About 80 percent of middle school students don’t get enough sleep, the China Youth and Children Research Center reported. For some students, they want to sleep early, but they keep worrying about their schoolwork and can’t fall asleep quickly. For others, they may even have insomnia which might keep them awake all night.These sleeping problems greatly affect people’s lives. Experts have shown that lack of sleep for teenagers leads to poor grades. Students without enough sleep cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports. Also, the lack of sleep may make them depressed (沮丧的).Luckily, with good sleep habits, it is easier to fall asleep. Some of these good habits include avoiding drinks that make people excited late in the day, going to sleep at the same time each night, and sleeping in a comfortable place that is dark, quiet, and neither too warm nor too cold.1、If Li Hong is 15 years old, how much sleep does she need every night A.10-12 hours. B.8-9 hours.C.7 hours. D.Less than 7 hours.2、 What might happen if teens don’t get enough sleep A.They might not be able to finish their schoolwork.B.Their bodies and brains might grow better.C.They might do well in sports.D.They might feel depressed.3、The underlined word “insomnia” means “_______” in Chinese.A.健忘症 B.肥胖症C.多动症 D.失眠症4、 Which is NOT a reason why so many students don’t get enough sleep A.They cannot pay attention in class.B.They have too much homework to do.C.They have to get up very early to go to school.D.They have sleeping problems.5、Which of the following are good sleeping habits A. Sleeping in a bright place.B. Going to bed at the same time.C. Sleeping in a dark and quiet place.D. Drinking something that makes you excited.答案:BDDAC一、it 作人称代词的用法1.指事物作为人称代词,it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:I dropped my watch and it broke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。It's hard work, but I enjoy it.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog ”“It’s in the bedroom. ”“狗在哪 ”“在卧室里”。2.指人it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:Is it a boy or a girl 是男孩还是女孩 There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.有人在敲门,一定是邮递员。【说明】在答语中,常用来指本人,如说It's me。3.代替某些代词代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如:“What's this ”“It's a new machine. ”“这是什么 ”“是一种新机器”。Nothing is wrong, is it 没出什么问题,是吗 二、it 作非人称代词的用法1.基本用法it 作非人称代词的用法,主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如:It's too late to go there now.现在去那儿已经太迟了。It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。It can get very hot here.这里有时会很热。2.用于某些句型It's time for sth.该做某事了。It's time to do sth.该做某事的时候了。It's time for sb to do sth.某人该干某事了。It's (about / high) time + that-从句.某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)It's first (second) time + that-从句.某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)It's + 时间段 + since-从句.自从……有一段时间了。It's + 时间段 + before-从句.过多长的时间才……三、it用作形式主语一、主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较:It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.你没有去看这个电影,多可惜啊!It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.对于你是否成功,我并不感兴趣。It is in the morning that the murder took place.凶杀案发生的时间是在早上。It is John that broke the window.打碎窗户的是约翰。2.用it 作形式主语的结构(1)It is +名词+从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.多么可惜啊,你错过了一场精彩的足球比赛。(2)it is +形容词+从句It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.他来不来参加简的生日派对,这个不确定。(3)it is +不及物动词+从句It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…It seemed that he didn't tell the truth.似乎他没有讲真话。It happened that I was out when he called.碰巧,他打电话的时候我在外面。(4)it+过去分词+从句It is reported that… 据报道…It has been proved that… 已证实…It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道,在这场地震中,有16人遇难。常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to all that 众所周知It has been decided that 已决定(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句It appears that 似乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起另注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 初中复习资料:英语三字经单词记忆法.docx 初中英语6大词性-8大时态-3大从句-50 个必考句型.docx 初中英语写作三大要点.docx 初中英语所有语法超实用顺口溜.docx 初中英语考试介词知识点归纳.docx 初中英语考试作文素材.docx 初中英语考试倒装句用法归纳.docx 初中英语语法精讲 精练-被动语态.docx 初中英语资料:it的常考句型及知识点归纳.docx 初中英语阅读理解答案在文章哪块.docx